1
|
Nakagawa H, Ishiwata T. Effect of short- and long-term heat exposure on brain monoamines and emotional behavior in mice and rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:102923. [PMID: 34420602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat exposure affects several physiological, neuronal, and emotional functions. Notably, monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain such as noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, which regulate several basic physiological functions, such as thermoregulation, food intake, and energy balance, are affected by heat exposure and heat acclimation. Furthermore, cognition and emotional states are also affected by heat exposure and changes in brain monoamine levels. Short-term heat exposure has been reported to increase anxiety in some behavioral tests. In contrast, there is a possibility that long-term heat exposure decreases anxiety due to heat acclimation. These changes might be due to adaptation of the core body temperature and/or brain monoamine levels by heat exposure. In this review, we first outline the changes in brain monoamine levels and thereafter focus on changes in emotional behavior due to heat exposure and heat acclimation. Finally, we describe the relationships between emotional behavior and brain monoamine levels during heat acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Community & Human Services, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishiwata
- Graduate School of Community & Human Services, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo YY, Hao S, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang D. Aquaporins, evaporative water loss and thermoregulation in heat-acclimated Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Therm Biol 2020; 91:102641. [PMID: 32716882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evaporative water loss is an essential strategy to maintain stable body temperature in heat-exposed rodents. However, the thermoregulatory role and adjustment of evaporative heat loss capacity is unclear during prolonged heat exposure. Here, we studied the role of evaporative water loss in thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils during heat acclimation. After 3 weeks of heat acclimation, gerbils exhibited a lower body temperature than the controls, and no difference in evaporative losses of water from the lung or saliva spreading compared with the controls. Heat acclimation did not alter the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 in the lungs and the expression of aquaporin-5 in the salivary glands. The expression of aquaporin-2 in the kidneys was kept stable, while the expression of aquaporin-1 in the kidneys was down-regulated. In addition, resting metabolic rate and non-shivering thermogenesis of heat-acclimated gerbils were reduced to 51% and 55% of the control group, respectively. Taken together, heat-acclimated Mongolian gerbils can reduce the metabolic thermogenesis without enhancing the evaporative water loss capacity for thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoyan Hao
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuzaki K, Sugimoto N, Islam R, Hossain ME, Sumiyoshi E, Katakura M, Shido O. Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion and Polymeric Ig Receptor Expression in the Submandibular Glands Are Enhanced in Heat-Acclimated Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030815. [PMID: 32012687 PMCID: PMC7037029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. Chronic exposure to moderate heat induces heat acclimation, which modifies salivary functions. However, the changes in salivary IgA secretion in heat-acclimated rats are unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary IgA secretion and the expression of polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), a key mediator of mucosal IgA secretion, in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of heat-acclimated rats. Following maintenance at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 24 ± 0.1 °C for 10 days, male Wistar rats were subjected to Ta of 32 ± 0.2 °C for 5 days (HE group) for heat acclimation or maintained at Ta of 24 ± 0.1°C (CN group). The rats were then anesthetized, pilocarpine (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected, and saliva was collected. Afterward, the SMGs and plasma were sampled. The salivary IgA concentration and IgA flow rate were significantly higher in the HE group than in the CN group. Similarly, SMG pIgR expression was significantly higher in HE rats. The levels of plasma cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and interferon-γ, were significantly greater in HE rats than in CN rats. Heat acclimation may enhance oral immunity through salivary IgA secretion and pIgR upregulation in the SMGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2114
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rafiad Islam
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eri Sumiyoshi
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
David SA, Vitorino Carvalho A, Gimonnet C, Brionne A, Hennequet-Antier C, Piégu B, Crochet S, Couroussé N, Bordeau T, Bigot Y, Collin A, Coustham V. Thermal Manipulation During Embryogenesis Impacts H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Histone Marks in Chicken Hypothalamus. Front Genet 2019; 10:1207. [PMID: 31850067 PMCID: PMC6889634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene activity through epigenetic alterations induced by early environmental challenges during embryogenesis are known to impact the phenotype, health, and disease risk of animals. Learning how environmental cues translate into persisting epigenetic memory may open new doors to improve robustness and resilience of developing animals. It has previously been shown that the heat tolerance of male broiler chickens was improved by cyclically elevating egg incubation temperature. The embryonic thermal manipulation enhanced gene expression response in muscle (P. major) when animals were heat challenged at slaughter age, 35 days post-hatch. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we investigated the genome-wide distribution, in hypothalamus and muscle tissues, of two histone post-translational modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, known to contribute to environmental memory in eukaryotes. We found 785 H3K4me3 and 148 H3K27me3 differential peaks in the hypothalamus, encompassing genes involved in neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and gene regulation functions. Interestingly, few differences were identified in the muscle tissue for which differential gene expression was previously described. These results demonstrate that the response to embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) in chicken is mediated, at least in part, by epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus that may contribute to the later-life thermal acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Benoît Piégu
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRA, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Yves Bigot
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRA, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Collin
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugimoto N, Matsuzaki K, Katakura M, Nakamura H, Ueda Y, Yachie A, Shido O. Heat attenuates sensitivity of mammalian cells to capsaicin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22288. [PMID: 30672650 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are thermo-sensors, and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1 and V4 are widely expressed in primary afferent neurons and nonneuronal cells. Although heat acclimation is considered as changes of thermoregulatory responses by thermo-effectors to heat, functional changes of TRP channels in heat acclimation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether heat acclimation induces capsaicin tolerance. NIH3T3 cells were incubated at 39.5°C. We determined the expression level of TRPV1 and TRPV4 messenger RNA (mRNA), performed cellular staining of TRPV1 and TRPV4, and investigated actin assembly and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Exposure to moderate heat decreased the levels of TRPV1 but not TRPV4 mRNA. It also induced stress fiber formation and the intensity of TRPV1 seemed to be decreased by chronic heat stimuli. In addition, heat acclimation attenuated the capsaicin-induced activation of ERK. Heat acclimation may induce capsaicin tolerance via the downregulation of TRPV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heinonen I, Laukkanen JA. Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R629-R638. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00115.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and microvascular function, reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and possibly increased angiogenesis in humans, which are likely to mediate the health benefits of sauna bathing. In addition to heat exposure with physiological adaptations, cold stress-induced physiological responses and brown fat activation on health are also discussed. This is important to take into consideration, as sauna bathing is frequently associated with cooling periods in cold(er) environments, but their combination remains poorly investigated. We finally propose, therefore, that possible additive effects of heat- and cold-stress-induced adaptations and effects on health would be worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shido O, Matsuzaki K, Katakura M. Neurogenesis in the thermoregulatory system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:457-463. [PMID: 30454607 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to various internal and external stimuli, neuronal progenitor cells in the hypothalamic area proliferate and differentiate to functionally working neurons even in adult animals. This is the case in the thermoregulatory system, especially in the process of heat acclimation. The heat acclimation process presents two different patterns, namely short-term and long-term heat acclimation. In rats, long-term heat acclimation is attained by exposing subjects to constant heat for more than 4 weeks, while short-term heat acclimation is established within several days of heat exposure. Heat exposure for more than 6 days facilitates cell proliferation in the ependymal layer of the third ventricle. The newborn cells then migrate into the hypothalamic parenchyma. After 33 days of heat exposure, the newborn cells abruptly differentiate to mature neurons. A part of the newborn cells are incorporated in a neuronal circuit in the hypothalamus. However, only 6 days of heat exposure hardly promote neuronal differentiation. An administration of mitosis inhibitor interferes with cell proliferation in the hypothalamic area and attenuates heat acclimation-induced improvement of heat tolerance. Long-term, but not short-term, heat acclimation may be established by generating new functional neurons in the hypothalamic area, which is where an important part of the thermoregulatory circuitry exists in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Direct exposure to mild heat promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190356. [PMID: 29287093 PMCID: PMC5747471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat acclimation in rats is associated with enhanced neurogenesis in thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus. To elucidate the mechanisms for heat acclimation, we investigated the effects of direct mild heat exposure on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). The NSCs/NPCs isolated from forebrain cortices of 14.5-day-old rat fetuses were propagated as neurospheres at either 37.0°C (control) or 38.5°C (mild heat exposure) for four days, and the effects on proliferation were investigated by MTS cell viability assay, measurement of neurosphere diameter, and counting the total number of cells. The mRNA expressions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein and Akt phosphorylation levels, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed using real time PCR, Western blotting and CM-H2DCFDA assay respectively. Heat exposure under proliferation condition increased NSC/NPC viability, neurosphere diameter, and cell count. BDNF mRNA expression, CREB phosphorylation, and ROS level were also increased by heat exposure. Heat exposure increased HSP27 mRNA expression concomitant with enhanced p-Akt level. Moreover, treatment with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished the effects of heat exposure on NSC/NPC proliferation. Furthermore, heat exposure under differentiation conditions increased the proportion of cells positive for Tuj1 (a neuronal marker). These findings suggest that mild heat exposure increases NSC/NPC proliferation, possibly through activation of the Akt pathway, and also enhances neuronal differentiation. Direct effects of temperature on NSCs/NPCs may be one of the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic neurogenesis in heat-acclimated rats. Such heat-induced neurogenesis could also be an effective therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsuzaki K, Katakura M, Sugimoto N, Hara T, Hashimoto M, Shido O. Neural progenitor cell proliferation in the hypothalamus is involved in acquired heat tolerance in long-term heat-acclimated rats. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628625 PMCID: PMC5476247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure to moderate heat facilitates progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hypothalamus of heat-acclimated (HA) rats. In this study, we investigated neural phenotype and responsiveness to heat in HA rats’ hypothalamic newborn cells. Additionally, the effect of hypothalamic neurogenesis on heat acclimation in rats was evaluated. Male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) were housed at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 32°C for 6 days (STHA) or 40 days (LTHA), while control (CN) rats were kept at a Ta of 24°C for 6 days (STCN) or 40 days (LTCN). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was intraperitoneally injected daily for five consecutive days (50 mg/kg/day) after commencing heat exposure. The number of hypothalamic BrdU-immunopositive (BrdU+) cells in STHA and LTHA rats was determined immunohistochemically in brain samples and found to be significantly greater than those in respective CN groups. In LTHA rats, approximately 32.6% of BrdU+ cells in the preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus were stained by GAD67, a GABAergic neuron marker, and 15.2% of BrdU+ cells were stained by the glutamate transporter, a glutamatergic neuron marker. In addition, 63.2% of BrdU+ cells in the POA were immunolabeled with c-Fos. Intracerebral administration of the mitosis inhibitor, cytosine arabinoside (AraC), interfered with the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and acquired heat tolerance in LTHA rats, whereas the selected ambient temperature was not changed. These results demonstrate that heat exposure generates heat responsive neurons in the POA, suggesting a pivotal role in autonomic thermoregulation in long-term heat-acclimated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshiko Hara
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shido O. Introduction to the special issue of the journal Temperature on Japanese thermal physiology. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:308-9. [PMID: 27227032 PMCID: PMC4843956 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1078927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial introduces the special issue of the journal Temperature on thermal physiology in Japan and acknowledges significant contributions of Japanese scientists to the development of thermal biology and physiology. This special issue contains articles on the history of Japanese thermal physiology and physiologists, invited reviews, research papers, and other contributions. It shows clearly that thermophysiology is a vibrant discipline in today's Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Shimane University; Shimane, Japan
| |
Collapse
|