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Zhang H, Wang Y, Gao Y, Du M, Pan E, Sun M, Zhang X. Induced expression of AMOT reverses adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 39021301 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) is widely used against breast cancer, but subsequent resistance always occurs. YAP, a downstream protein of angiomotin (AMOT), importantly contributes to ADR resistance, whereas the mechanism is largely unknown. MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were used to establish ADR-resistant cell. Then, mRNA and protein expressions of AMOT and YAP expressions were determined. After AMOT transfection alone or in combination with YAP, the sensitivity of the cells to ADR were evaluated in vitro by examining cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, as well as in vivo by examining tumor growth. Additionally, the expressions of proteins in YAP pathway were determined in AMOT-overexpressing cells. In the ADR-resistant cells, the expression of AMOT was decreased while YAP was increased, respectively, and the nucleus localization of YAP was increased at the same time. After AMOT overexpression, these were inhibited, whereas the cell sensitivity to ADR was enhanced. However, the AMOT-induced changes were significantly suppressed by YAP knockdown. The consistent results in vivo showed that AMOT enhanced the inhibition of ADR on tumor growth, and inhibited YAP signaling, evidenced by decreased levels of YAP, CycD1, and p-ERK. Our data revealed that decreased AMOT contributed to ADR resistance in breast cancer cells, which was importantly negatively mediated YAP. These observations provide a potential therapy against breast cancer with ADR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Du
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Erhu Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Pilgrim AA, Jonus HC, Ho A, Cole AC, Shim J, Goldsmith KC. The yes-associated protein (YAP) is associated with resistance to anti-GD2 immunotherapy in neuroblastoma through downregulation of ST8SIA1. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2240678. [PMID: 37554309 PMCID: PMC10405770 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2240678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma often relapse with chemotherapy-resistant, incurable disease. Relapsed neuroblastomas harbor chemo-resistant mesenchymal tumor cells and increased expression/activity of the transcriptional co-regulator, the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). Patients with relapsed neuroblastoma are often treated with immunotherapy such as the anti-GD2 antibody, dinutuximab, in combination with chemotherapy. We have previously shown that YAP mediates both chemotherapy and MEK inhibitor resistance in relapsed RAS mutated neuroblastoma and so posited that YAP might also be involved in anti-GD2 antibody resistance. We now show that YAP genetic inhibition significantly enhances sensitivity of mesenchymal neuroblastomas to dinutuximab and gamma delta (γδ) T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YAP inhibition induces increased GD2 cell surface expression through upregulation of ST8SIA1, the gene encoding GD3 synthase and the rate-limiting enzyme in GD2 biosynthesis. The mechanism of ST8SIA1 suppression by YAP is independent of PRRX1 expression, a mesenchymal master transcription factor, suggesting YAP may be the downstream effector of mesenchymal GD2 resistance. These results therefore identify YAP as a therapeutic target to augment GD2 immunotherapy responses in patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeiye A. Pilgrim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hunter C. Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna C. Cole
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, The Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly C. Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, The Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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Mokhtari RB, Ashayeri N, Baghaie L, Sambi M, Satari K, Baluch N, Bosykh DA, Szewczuk MR, Chakraborty S. The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ-TEAD Oncoproteins as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3468. [PMID: 37444578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cancer cell-associated intrinsic and extrinsic inputs act on YAP/TAZ proteins to mediate the hyperactivation of the TEAD transcription factor-based transcriptome. This YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity can override the growth-limiting Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway that maintains normal tissue homeostasis. Herein, we provide an integrated summary of the contrasting roles of YAP/TAZ during normal tissue homeostasis versus tumor initiation and progression. In addition to upstream factors that regulate YAP/TAZ in the TME, critical insights on the emerging functions of YAP/TAZ in immune suppression and abnormal vasculature development during tumorigenesis are illustrated. Lastly, we discuss the current methods that intervene with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncogenic signaling pathway and the emerging applications of combination therapies, gut microbiota, and epigenetic plasticity that could potentiate the efficacy of chemo/immunotherapy as improved cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neda Ashayeri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kosar Satari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dmitriy A Bosykh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Yang L, Wang ZA, Geng R, Deng H, Niu S, Zuo H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Inhibits Hippo Signaling and Activates Yki To Promote Its Infection in Penaeus vannamei. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0236322. [PMID: 36475933 PMCID: PMC9927087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02363-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a serious threat to shrimp aquaculture, especially Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, the most farmed shrimp in the world. Activation of the Hippo-Yki signaling pathway, characterized by the intracellular Hippo-Wts kinase cascade reactions and the phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of Yki, is widely involved in various life activities. The current work established the fundamental structure and signal transduction profile of the Hippo-Yki pathway in P. vannamei and further investigated its role in viral infection. We demonstrated that WSSV promoted the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Yki, suggesting that Hippo signaling is impaired and Yki is activated after WSSV infection in shrimp. In vivo, Yki gene silencing suppressed WSSV infection, while Hippo and Wts silencing promoted it, indicating a positive role of Hippo signaling in antiviral response. Further analyses showed that Yki suppressed Dorsal pathway activation and inhibited hemocyte apoptosis in WSSV-infected shrimp, while Hippo and Wts showed opposite effects, which contributed to the role of Hippo signaling in WSSV infection. Therefore, the current study suggests that WSSV annexes Yki to favor its infection in shrimp by inhibiting Hippo signaling. IMPORTANCE White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most harmful viral pathogens to shrimp. The pathological mechanism of WSSV infection remains unclear to date. The Hippo-Yki signaling pathway is important for various biological processes and is extensively involved in mammalian immunity, but little is known about its role in infectious diseases in invertebrates. Based on revealing the fundamental structure of the shrimp Hippo pathway, this study investigated its implication in the pathogenesis of WSSV disease. We demonstrated that WSSV enhanced Yki activation by inhibiting Hippo signaling in shrimp. The activated Yki promoted WSSV infection by inhibiting hemocyte apoptosis and suppressing the activation of Dorsal, an NF-κB family member in shrimp that is critical for regulating antiviral response. Therefore, this study suggests that WSSV can hijack the Hippo-Yki signaling pathway to favor its infection in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Bhavnagari H, Raval A, Shah F. Deciphering Potential Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3505-3518. [PMID: 38141194 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274418231215054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and a leading malignancy around the world. It is a vital cause of untimely mortality among women. Drug resistance is the major challenge for effective cancer therapeutics. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. The small population of CSCs present in each tumor has the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. CSCs are often identified and enriched using a variety of cell surface markers (CD44, CD24, CD133, ABCG2, CD49f, LGR5, SSEA-3, CD70) that exert their functions by different regulatory networks, i.e., Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Hippo signaling pathways. Particularly the Hippo signaling pathway is the emerging and very less explored cancer stem cell pathway. Here, in this review, the Hippo signaling molecules are elaborated with respect to their ability of stemness as epigenetic modulators and how these molecules can be targeted for better cancer treatment and to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Raval
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Moss RM, Sorajja N, Mills LJ, Moertel CL, Hoang TT, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Williams LA. Sex differences in methylation profiles are apparent in medulloblastoma, particularly among SHH tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1113121. [PMID: 37035203 PMCID: PMC10080161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, displays marked sex differences in prevalence of the four main molecular subgroups: SHH, WNT, Group 3 and Group 4. Males are more frequently diagnosed with SHH, Group 3 and 4 tumors, which have worse prognoses than WNT tumors. Little is known about sex differences in methylation profiles within subgroups. Methods Using publicly available methylation data (Illumina HumanMethylation450K array), we compared beta values for males versus females. Differentially methylated positions (DMP) by sex within medulloblastoma subgroups were identified on the autosomes. DMPs were mapped to genes and Reactome pathway analysis was run by subgroup. Kaplan-Meier survival curves (Log-Rank p-values) were assessed for each sex within subgroup. MethylCIBERSORT was used to investigate the tumor microenvironment using deconvolution to estimate the abundances of immune cell types using DNA methylation data. Results There were statistically significant differences in sex by medulloblastoma subgroups (chi-squared p-value=0.00004): Group 3 (n=144; 65% male), Group 4 (n=326; 67% male), SHH (n=223; 57% male) and WNT (n=70; 41% male). Females had worse survival than males for SHH (p-value=0.02). DMPs by sex were identified within subgroups: SHH (n=131), Group 4 (n=29), Group 3 (n=19), and WNT (n=16) and validated in an independent dataset. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that sex-DMPs in SHH did not correlate with other tumor attributes. Ten genes with sex DMPs (RFTN1, C1orf103, FKBP1B, COL25A1, NPDC1, B3GNT1, FOXN3, RNASEH2C, TLE1, and PHF17) were shared across subgroups. Significant pathways (p<0.05) associated with DMPs were identified for SHH (n=22) and Group 4 (n=4) and included signaling pathways for RET proto-oncogene, advanced glycosylation end product receptor, regulation of KIT, neurotrophic receptors, NOTCH, and TGF-β. In SHH, we identified DMPs in four genes (CDK6, COL25A1, MMP16, PRIM2) that encode proteins which are the target of therapies in clinical trials for other cancers. There were few sex differences in immune cell composition within tumor subgroups. Conclusion There are sexually dimorphic methylation profiles for SHH medulloblastoma where survival differences were observed. Sex-specific therapies in medulloblastoma may impact outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Moss
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Natali Sorajja
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Lauren J. Mills
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher L. Moertel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thanh T. Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lindsay A. Williams
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Lindsay A. Williams,
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Zhang H, Zhou L, Hu S, Gu W, Li Z, Sun J, Wei X, Wang Y. The crosstalk between LINC01089 and hippo pathway inhibits osteosarcoma progression. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:890-899. [PMID: 36399257 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy in children, with high morbidity worldwide. Researches indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played crucial roles in various cancers. Nevertheless, study investigating lncRNA long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1089 (LINC01089) in osteosarcoma is extremely rare. Thus, the research of LINC01089 is of great significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were done to test the expression of RNAs and proteins in osteosarcoma cells. Functional assays were carried out to evaluate biological behaviors of hFOB1.19 and osteosarcoma cells with or without LINC01089 knockdown and overexpression. In vitro and in vivo experiments in a rescue manner were performed to reveal the influences of LINC01089 and Hippo pathway on osteosarcoma cell phenotype and tumor growth. RESULTS LINC01089 was down-regulated in osteosarcoma cells and overexpressing LINC01089 was validated to restrain cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, silencing LINC01089 could exacerbate cell malignant behaviors. Correlation of LINC01089 and Hippo pathway was proved. Overexpressing LINC01089 could activate Hippo pathway to exert antitumor effects. CONCLUSION LINC01089 could restrain the progression of osteosarcoma through activating Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shaopu Hu
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of TCM, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiaoen Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Correlation of nuclear pIGF-1R/IGF-1R and YAP/TAZ in a tissue microarray with outcomes in osteosarcoma patients. Oncotarget 2022; 13:521-533. [PMID: 35284040 PMCID: PMC8906536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a genetically diverse bone cancer that lacks a consistent targetable mutation. Recent studies suggest the IGF/PI3K/mTOR pathway and YAP/TAZ paralogs regulate cell fate and proliferation in response to biomechanical cues within the tumor microenvironment. How this occurs and their implication upon osteosarcoma survival, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IGF-1R can translocate into the nucleus, where it may act as part of a transcription factor complex. To explore the relationship between YAP/TAZ and total and nuclear phosphorylated IGF-1R (pIGF-1R), we evaluated sequential tumor sections from a 37-patient tissue microarray by confocal microscopy. Next, we examined the relationship between stained markers, clinical disease characteristics, and patient outcomes. The nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (N:C ratio) of YAP and TAZ strongly correlated with nuclear pIGF-1R (r = 0.522, p = 0.001 for each pair). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that nuclear pIGF-1R predicted poor overall survival, a finding confirmed in the Cox proportional hazards model. Though additional investigation in a larger prospective study will be required to validate the prognostic accuracy of these markers, our results may have broad implications for the new class of YAP, TAZ, AXL, or TEAD inhibitors that have reached early phase clinical trials this year.
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McReynolds LJ, Biswas K, Giri N, Sharan SK, Alter BP. Genotype-cancer association in patients with Fanconi anemia due to pathogenic variants in FANCD1 (BRCA2) or FANCN (PALB2). Cancer Genet 2021; 258-259:101-109. [PMID: 34687993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome and a cancer predisposition disorder. Cancers in FA include acute leukemia and solid tumors; the most frequent solid tumor is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. FA is a primarily autosomal recessive disorder. Several of the genes in which biallelic pathogenic variants cause FA are also autosomal monoallelic cancer predisposition genes e.g. FANCD1 (BRCA2) and FANCN (PALB2). We observed that patients with FA due to biallelic or homozygous pathogenic variants in FANCD1 and FANCN have a unique cancer association. We curated published cases plus our NCI cohort cases, including 71 patients in the FANCD1 group (94 cancers and 69 variants) and 16 patients in the FANCN group (23 cancers and 20 variants). Only patients in FANCD1 and FANCN groups had one or more of these tumors: brain tumors (primarily medulloblastoma), Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma; this is a genotype-specific cancer combination of tumors of embryonal origin. Acute leukemias, seen in all FA genotypes, also occurred in FANCD1 and FANCN group patients at young ages. In silico predictions of pathogenicity for FANCD1 variants were compared with results from a mouse embryonic stem cell-based functional assay. Patients with two null FANCD1 variants did not have an increased frequency of cancer nor earlier onset of cancer compared with those with hypomorphic variants. Patients with FA and these specific cancers should consider genetic testing focused on FANCD1 and FANCN, and patients with these genotypes may consider ongoing surveillance for these specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J McReynolds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kajal Biswas
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chen X, Liu H. Alisol A Inhibited the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:895-902. [PMID: 34558868 PMCID: PMC8470560 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.10.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alisol A is a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from the Rhizoma Alismatis. Previous studies have shown that alisol A has anticancer potential. In this study, we explored the effect of alisol A on the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, wound healing assay, and western blotting were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and protein expression, respectively, in vitro. AutoDock Vina and Discovery Studio software were used for molecular docking. RESULTS Alisol A inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. The molecular docking simulation assay confirmed that alisol A bound to YAP protein. In addition, alisol A promoted the phosphorylation of YAP and suppressed the expression of YAP in NPC cells. CONCLUSION Alisol A inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway. Alisol A may be a candidate drug for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China.
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11
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Shim J, Goldsmith KC. A New Player in Neuroblastoma: YAP and Its Role in the Neuroblastoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184650. [PMID: 34572875 PMCID: PMC8472533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor that accounts for more than 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. High risk neuroblastomas that recur during or after intense multimodal therapy have a <5% chance at a second sustained remission or cure. The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has been increasingly recognized to play a critical role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy, including in neuroblastoma. The Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in the Hippo pathway can regulate cancer proliferation, tumor initiation, and therapy response in many cancer types and as such, its role in the TME has gained interest. In this review, we focus on YAP and its role in neuroblastoma and further describe its demonstrated and potential effects on the neuroblastoma TME. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting YAP in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly C. Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-727-2655
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12
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Strepkos D, Markouli M, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Emerging roles for the YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators in brain tumour pathology and targeting options. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12762. [PMID: 34409639 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) have emerged as significant regulators of a wide variety of cellular and organ functions with impact in early embryonic development, especially during the expansion of the neural progenitor cell pool. YAP/TAZ signalling regulates organ size development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and angiogenesis by participating in a complex network of various pathways. However, recent evidence suggests an association of these physiologic regulatory effects of YAP/TAZ with pro-oncogenic activities. Herein, we discuss the physiological functions of YAP/TAZ as well as the extensive network of signalling pathways that control their expression and activity, leading to brain tumour development and progression. Furthermore, we describe current targeting approaches and drug options including direct YAP/TAZ and YAP-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) interaction inhibitors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) signalling modulators and kinase inhibitors, which may be used to successfully attack YAP/TAZ-dependent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Lhermitte B, Blandin AF, Coca A, Guerin E, Durand A, Entz-Werlé N. Signaling pathway deregulation and molecular alterations across pediatric medulloblastomas. Neurochirurgie 2021; 67:39-45. [PMID: 29776650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) account for 15% of brain tumors in children under the age of 15. To date, the overall 5-year survival rate for all children is only around 60%. Recent advances in cancer genomics have led to a fundamental change in medulloblastoma classification and is evolving along with the genomic discoveries, allowing to regularly reclassify this disease. The previous molecular classification defined 4 groups (WNT-activated MB, SHH-activated MB and the groups 3 and 4 characterized partially by NMYC and MYC driven MBs). This stratification moved forward recently to better define these groups and their correlation to outcome. This new stratification into 7 novel subgroups was helpful to lay foundations and complementary data on the understanding regarding molecular pathways and gene mutations underlying medulloblastoma biology. This review was aimed at answering the recent key questions on MB genomics and go further in the relevance of those genes in MB development as well as in their targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lhermitte
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, CHU Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - A F Blandin
- EA3430, Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, approches translationnelles et épidémiologie, université de Strasbourg, 3, avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Coca
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - E Guerin
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et plateforme régionale d'oncobiologie d'Alsace, CHU Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Durand
- EA3430, Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, approches translationnelles et épidémiologie, université de Strasbourg, 3, avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Entz-Werlé
- EA3430, Progression tumorale et microenvironnement, approches translationnelles et épidémiologie, université de Strasbourg, 3, avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Service de pédiatrie onco-hématologie, CHU Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France.
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14
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Mélin L, Abdullayev S, Fnaiche A, Vu V, González Suárez N, Zeng H, Szewczyk MM, Li F, Senisterra G, Allali-Hassani A, Chau I, Dong A, Woo S, Annabi B, Halabelian L, LaPlante SR, Vedadi M, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Santhakumar V, Gagnon A. Development of LM98, a Small-Molecule TEAD Inhibitor Derived from Flufenamic Acid. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2982-3002. [PMID: 34164919 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex is responsible for the expression of genes that regulate cancer cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway due to overexpression of TEAD has been reported in a wide range of cancers. Inhibition of TEAD represses the expression of associated genes, demonstrating the value of this transcription factor for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. We report herein the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of LM98, a flufenamic acid analogue. LM98 shows strong affinity to TEAD, inhibits its autopalmitoylation and reduces the YAP-TEAD transcriptional activity. Binding of LM98 to TEAD was supported by 19 F-NMR studies while co-crystallization experiments confirmed that LM98 is anchored within the palmitic acid pocket of TEAD. LM98 reduces the expression of CTGF and Cyr61, inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration and arrests cell cycling in the S phase during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Mélin
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Shuay Abdullayev
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Victoria Vu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Narjara González Suárez
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Guillermo Senisterra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Abdellah Allali-Hassani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Irene Chau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Simon Woo
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | - Vijayaratnam Santhakumar
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
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15
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Pelosi A, Fiore PF, Di Matteo S, Veneziani I, Caruana I, Ebert S, Munari E, Moretta L, Maggi E, Azzarone B. Pediatric Tumors-Mediated Inhibitory Effect on NK Cells: The Case of Neuroblastoma and Wilms' Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102374. [PMID: 34069127 PMCID: PMC8156764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma (NB) and Wilms’ tumor (WT) are the most common childhood solid extracranial tumors. The current treatments consist of a combination of surgery and chemotherapy or radiotherapy in high-risk patients. Such treatments are responsible for significant adverse events requiring long-term monitoring. Thus, a main challenge in NB and WT treatment is the development of novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate or minimize the adverse effects. The characterization of the immune environment could allow for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Herein, we described the interaction between these tumors and innate immune cells, in particular natural killer cells and monocytes. The detection of the immunosuppressive activity of specific NB and WT tumor cells on natural killer cells and on monocytes could offer novel cellular and molecular targets for an effective immunotherapy of NB and WT. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in the control of cancer development, progression and metastatic dissemination. However, tumor cells develop an array of strategies capable of impairing the activation and function of the immune system, including NK cells. In this context, a major event is represented by the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of stromal cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and cancer cells themselves. The different immunoregulatory cells infiltrating the TME, through the release of several immunosuppressive molecules or by cell-to-cell interactions, cause an impairment of the recruitment of NK cells and other lymphocytes with effector functions. The different mechanisms by which stromal and tumor cells impair NK cell function have been particularly explored in adult solid tumors and, in less depth, investigated and discussed in a pediatric setting. In this review, we will compare pediatric and adult solid malignancies concerning the respective mechanisms of NK cell inhibition, highlighting novel key data in neuroblastoma and Wilms’ tumor, two of the most frequent pediatric extracranial solid tumors. Indeed, both tumors are characterized by the presence of stromal cells acting through the release of immunosuppressive molecules. In addition, specific tumor cell subsets inhibit NK cell cytotoxic function by cell-to-cell contact mechanisms likely controlled by the transcriptional coactivator TAZ. These findings could lead to a more performant diagnostic approach and to the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting the identified cellular and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Piera Filomena Fiore
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Stefan Ebert
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (I.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Enrico Munari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (B.A.)
| | - Bruno Azzarone
- Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (P.F.F.); (S.D.M.); (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (B.A.)
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16
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Cha YJ, Kim D, Bae SJ, Ahn SG, Jeong J, Cho MK, Paik PS, Yoo TK, Park WC, Yoon CI. The association between the expression of nuclear Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and p53 protein expression profile in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250986. [PMID: 33970925 PMCID: PMC8109764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a key effector molecule regulated by the Hippo pathway and described as a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation is well known as a biomarker related to poor survival outcomes. So far clinical characteristics and survival outcome according to YAP1 and TP53 mutation have been poorly identified in breast cancer. Patients and methods Retrospectively, 533 breast tumor tissues were collected at the Seoul St Mary’s hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital from 1992 to 2017. Immunohistochemistry with YAP1 and p53 specific antibodies were performed, and the clinical data were analyzed. Results Mutant p53 pattern was associated with aggressive tumor features and advanced anatomical stage. Inferior overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were related with mutant p53 pattern cases with low nuclear YAP1 expression (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0011, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that mutant p53 pattern was an independent prognostic marker for OS [hazard ratios (HR): 2.938, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.028–8.395, P = 0.044] and RFS (HR: 1.842, 95% CIs: 1.026–3.304). However, in cases with high nuclear YAP1 expression, there were no significantly difference in OS and RFS according to p53 staining pattern. Conclusion We found that mutant p53 pattern is a poor prognostic biomarker in breast tumor with low nuclear YAP1 expression. Our findings suggest that interaction between nuclear YAP1 and p53 expression pattern impact survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dooreh Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soong June Bae
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gwe Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Cho
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pill Sun Paik
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Yoo
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Park
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ik Yoon
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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He X, Luo X, Dong J, Deng X, Liu F, Wei G. Long Non-Coding RNA XIST Promotes Wilms Tumor Progression Through the miR-194-5p/YAP Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3171-3180. [PMID: 33883934 PMCID: PMC8055356 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s297842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) has been reported to have an anti-tumor effect in multiple malignant tumors, its role in Wilms tumor (WT) progression has not been characterized. Thus, we investigated the underlying mechanism by which XIST regulates WT progression. Patients and Methods We performed microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect the expression levels of XIST lncRNA, microRNA-194-5p (miR-194-5p), and YAP (yes-associated protein in Hippo pathway) in tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues and blood collected from 49 WT patients. We also conducted bioinformatics analyses to identify differentially expressed genes. We measured the effects of XIST overexpression and knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, and its association with the miR-194-5p/YAP pathway in the rhabdoid G401cell line using flow cytometry, transwell assays, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results We found that XIST lncRNA levels were increased in blood and tissue samples of WT patients, and this upregulation was significantly correlated with TNM staging and shorter survival time. Notably, we found that XIST upregulation correlated with miR-194-5p downregulation and YAP upregulation in WT tissues, suggesting that XIST regulates the miR-194-5p/YAP pathway. Conversely, XIST downregulation inhibited WT cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. Our study revealed the oncogenic role of the lncRNA XIST in WT and demonstrated its role as a competitive endogenous RNA that regulates the miR-194-5p/YAP pathway. Conclusion Our study demonstrates XIST’s potential as a clinical prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Dong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Deng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Canzonetta C, Pelosi A, Di Matteo S, Veneziani I, Tumino N, Vacca P, Munari E, Pezzullo M, Theuer C, De Vito R, Pistoia V, Tomao L, Locatelli F, Moretta L, Caruana I, Azzarone B. Identification of neuroblastoma cell lines with uncommon TAZ +/mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype with strong suppressive activity on natural killer cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001313. [PMID: 33452207 PMCID: PMC7813384 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common, extracranial childhood solid tumor arising from neural crest progenitor cells and is a primary cause of death in pediatric patients. In solid tumors, stromal elements recruited or generated by the cancer cells favor the development of an immune-suppressive microenvironment. Herein, we investigated in NB cell lines and in NB biopsies, the presence of cancer cells with mesenchymal phenotype and determined the immune-suppressive properties of these tumor cells on natural killer (NK) cells. Methods We assessed the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like phenotype and function of five human NB cell lines and the presence of this particular subset of neuroblasts in NB biopsies using flow-cytometry, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, cytotoxicity assays, western blot and silencing strategy. We corroborated our data consulting a public gene-expression dataset. Results Two NB cell lines, SK-N-AS and SK-N-BE(2)C, exhibited an unprecedented MSC phenotype (CD105+/CD90+/CD73+/CD29+/CD146+/GD2+/TAZ+). In these NB-MSCs, the ectoenzyme CD73 and the oncogenic/immune-regulatory transcriptional coactivator TAZ were peculiar markers. Their MSC-like nature was confirmed by their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of neuroblasts with MSC phenotype (CD105+/CD73+/TAZ+). Moreover, a public gene-expression dataset revealed that, in stage IV NB, a higher expression of TAZ and CD105 strongly correlated with a poorer outcome. Among the NB-cell lines analyzed, only NB-MSCs exhibited multifactorial resistance to NK-mediated lysis, inhibition of activating NK receptors, signal adaptors and of NK-cell cytotoxicity through cell-cell contact mediated mechanisms. The latter property was controlled partially by TAZ, since its silencing in NB cells efficiently rescued NK-cell cytotoxic activity, while its overexpression induced opposite effects in non-NB-MSC cells. Conclusions We identified a novel NB immunoregulatory subset that: (i) displayed phenotypic and functional properties of MSC, (ii) mediated multifactorial resistance to NK-cell-induced killing and (iii) efficiently inhibited, in coculture, the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against target cells through a TAZ-dependent mechanism. These findings indicate that targeting novel cellular and molecular components may disrupt the immunomodulatory milieu of the NB microenvironment ameliorating the response to conventional treatments as well as to advanced immunotherapeutic approaches, including adoptive transfer of NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor T or NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Veneto, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzullo
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita De Vito
- Anatomical Pathology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tomao
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Paediatrics, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy .,Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation University Children's Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Azzarone
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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ALKBH5 suppresses tumor progression via an m 6A-dependent epigenetic silencing of pre-miR-181b-1/YAP signaling axis in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:60. [PMID: 33431791 PMCID: PMC7801648 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ALKBH5 is the main enzyme for m6A-based demethylation of RNAs and it has been implicated in many biological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of ALKBH5 in osteosarcoma and decipher the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. We discovered downregulated levels of demethylase ALKBH5 were correlated with increased m6A methylation in osteosarcoma cells/tissues compared with normal osteoblasts cells/tissues. ALKBH5 overexpression significantly suppressed osteosarcoma cell growth, migration, invasion, and trigged cell apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of ALKBH5 produced the opposite effects. Whereas ALKBH5 silence enhanced m6A methylations of pre-miR-181b-1 and YAP-mRNA exerting oncogenic functions in osteosarcoma. Moreover, upregulation of YAP or downregulation of mature miR-181b-5p displayed a remarkable attenuation of anti-tumor activities caused by ALKBH5. Further results revealed that m6A methylated pre-miR-181b-1 was subsequently recognized by m6A-binding protein YTHDF2 to mediate RNA degradation. However, methylated YAP transcripts were recognized by YTHDF1 to promote its translation. Therefore, ALKBH5-based m6A demethylation suppressed osteosarcoma cancer progression through m6A-based direct/indirect regulation of YAP. Thus, ALKBH5 overexpression might be considered a new approach of replacement therapy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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20
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Shim J, Lee JY, Jonus HC, Arnold A, Schnepp RW, Janssen KM, Maximov V, Goldsmith KC. YAP-Mediated Repression of HRK Regulates Tumor Growth, Therapy Response, and Survival Under Tumor Environmental Stress in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4741-4753. [PMID: 32900773 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following chemotherapy and relapse, high-risk neuroblastoma tumors harbor more genomic alterations than at diagnosis, including increased transcriptional activity of the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key downstream component of the Hippo signaling network. Although YAP has been implicated in many cancer types, its functional role in the aggressive pediatric cancer neuroblastoma is not well-characterized. In this study, we performed genetic manipulation of YAP in human-derived neuroblastoma cell lines to investigate YAP function in key aspects of the malignant phenotype, including mesenchymal properties, tumor growth, chemotherapy response, and MEK inhibitor response. Standard cytotoxic therapy induced YAP expression and transcriptional activity in patient-derived xenografts treated in vivo, which may contribute to neuroblastoma recurrence. Moreover, YAP promoted a mesenchymal phenotype in high-risk neuroblastoma that modulated tumor growth and therapy resistance in vivo. Finally, the BH3-only protein, Harakiri (HRK), was identified as a novel target inhibited by YAP, which, when suppressed, prevented apoptosis in response to nutrient deprivation in vitro and promoted tumor aggression, chemotherapy resistance, and MEK inhibitor resistance in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that YAP inhibition may improve chemotherapy response in patients with neuroblastoma via its regulation of HRK, thus providing a critical strategic complement to MEK inhibitor therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies HRK as a novel tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma and suggests dual MEK and YAP inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in RAS-hyperactivated neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jasmine Y Lee
- Cancer Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amanda Arnold
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert W Schnepp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Cancer Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Victor Maximov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Cancer Biology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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D'Angelo E, Lindoso RS, Sensi F, Pucciarelli S, Bussolati B, Agostini M, Collino F. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Modulators of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Driving the Fate of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1122. [PMID: 32793478 PMCID: PMC7393251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an evolutionarily conserved process. In cancer, EMT can activate biochemical changes in tumor cells that enable the destruction of the cellular polarity, leading to the acquisition of invasive capabilities. EMT regulation can be triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic signaling, allowing the tumor to adapt to the microenvironment demand in the different stages of tumor progression. In concomitance, tumor cells undergoing EMT actively interact with the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) constituted by cell components and extracellular matrix as well as cell secretome elements. As a result, the TME is in turn modulated by the EMT process toward an aggressive behavior. The current review presents the intrinsic and extrinsic modulators of EMT and their relationship with the TME, focusing on the non-cell-derived components, such as secreted metabolites, extracellular matrix, as well as extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we explore how these modulators can be suitable targets for anticancer therapy and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo D'Angelo
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria–CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine–REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria–CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Rothzerg E, Ingley E, Mullin B, Xue W, Wood D, Xu J. The Hippo in the room: Targeting the Hippo signalling pathway for osteosarcoma therapies. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1606-1615. [PMID: 32697358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour which usually occurs in children and adolescents. OS is primarily a result of chromosomal aberrations, a combination of acquired genetic changes and, hereditary, resulting in the dysregulation of cellular functions. The Hippo signalling pathway regulates cell and tissue growth by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Mammalian STE20-like 1/2 (MST1/2) protein kinases are activated by neurofibromatosis type 2, Ras association domain family member 2, kidney and brain protein, or other factors. Interactions between MST1/2 and salvador family WW domain-containing protein 1 activate large tumour suppressor kinase 1/2 proteins, which in turn phosphorylate the downstream Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ). Moreover, dysregulation of this pathway can lead to aberrant cell growth, resulting in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, small molecules targeting the Hippo signalling pathways, through affecting YAP/TAZ cellular localisation and their interaction with members of the TEA/ATTS domain family of transcriptional enhancers are being developed and hold promise for the treatment of OS. This review discusses the existing knowledge about the involvement of the Hippo signalling cascade in OS and highlights several small molecule inhibitors as potential novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Li X, Ren Z, Xiong C, Geng J, Li Y, Liu C, Ren C, Liu H. Minichromosome maintenance 6 complex component identified by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:987-1002. [PMID: 32583000 PMCID: PMC7388536 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the main subtype of esophageal cancer (EC), is a common lethal type of cancer with a high mortality rate. The aim of the present study was to select key relevant genes and identify potential mechanisms involved in the development of ESCC based on bioinformatics analysis. Minichromosome maintenance 6 complex component (MCM6) has been identified to be upregulated in multiple malignancies; however, its contributions to ESCC remain unclear. For the purposes of the present study, four datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE63941, GSE26886, GSE17351 and GSE77861), and the intersection of the differentially expressed genes was obtained using a Venn diagram. The protein‑protein interaction was then constructed, and the modules were verified by Cytoscape, in which the key genes have a high connectivity degree with other genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were subsequently filtered out to analyze the development of ESCC. MCM6, an upregulated gene, was selected and connected with most of the other genes, for further research validation. The expression levels of MCM6 were then assessed using the Oncomine, GEPIA and UALCAN databases and validated in both ESCC tissues samples and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and RT‑qPCR. Cell counting kit‑8 (CCK‑8), flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion of ESCC cells. A total of 24 genes were identified by a series of bioinformatics analyses and the results revealed that the genes were associated with DNA replication and cell cycle. Experimental validation revealed that MCM6 expression was significantly elevated in both ESCC tissues and cell lines. The results were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, the knockdown of MCM6 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis, and made cells arrested in S stage. In summary, the findings of bioinformatics analysis provided a novel hypothesis for ESCC progression. In particular, the aberrantly elevated expression of MCM6 is a potential biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ren
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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24
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Molina ER, Chim LK, Barrios S, Ludwig JA, Mikos AG. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Pathogenic Signaling in Bone Sarcoma. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:249-271. [PMID: 32057288 PMCID: PMC7310212 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cancer biology and screening of potential therapeutics for efficacy and safety begin in the preclinical laboratory setting. A staple of most basic research in cancer involves the use of tissue culture plates, on which immortalized cell lines are grown in monolayers. However, this practice has been in use for over six decades and does not account for vital elements of the tumor microenvironment that are thought to aid in initiation, propagation, and ultimately, metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, information gleaned from these techniques does not always translate to animal models or, more crucially, clinical trials in cancer patients. Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are the most common primary tumors of bone, but outcomes for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease have stagnated in recent decades. The unique elements of the bone tumor microenvironment have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of these tumors and thus should be incorporated in the preclinical models of these diseases. In recent years, the field of tissue engineering has leveraged techniques used in designing scaffolds for regenerative medicine to engineer preclinical tumor models that incorporate spatiotemporal control of physical and biological elements. We herein review the clinical aspects of OS and ES, critical elements present in the sarcoma microenvironment, and engineering approaches to model the bone tumor microenvironment. Impact statement The current paradigm of cancer biology investigation and therapeutic testing relies heavily on monolayer, monoculture methods developed over half a century ago. However, these methods often lack essential hallmarks of the cancer microenvironment that contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Tissue engineers incorporate scaffolds, mechanical forces, cells, and bioactive signals into biological environments to drive cell phenotype. Investigators of bone sarcomas, aggressive tumors that often rob patients of decades of life, have begun to use tissue engineering techniques to devise in vitro models for these diseases. Their efforts highlight how critical elements of the cancer microenvironment directly affect tumor signaling and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Letitia K. Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Barrios
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph A. Ludwig
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
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25
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Kovar H, Bierbaumer L, Radic-Sarikas B. The YAP/TAZ Pathway in Osteogenesis and Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040972. [PMID: 32326412 PMCID: PMC7227004 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are intracellular messengers communicating multiple interacting extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues to the transcription apparatus in the nucleus and back to the cell/tissue microenvironment interface through the regulation of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Their activity is negatively and positively controlled by multiple phosphorylation events. Phenotypically, they serve an important role in cellular plasticity and lineage determination during development. As they regulate self-renewal, proliferation, migration, invasion and differentiation of stem cells, perturbed expression of YAP/TAZ signaling components play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Despite their high structural similarity, YAP and TAZ are functionally not identical and may play distinct cell type and differentiation stage-specific roles mediated by a diversity of downstream effectors and upstream regulatory molecules. However, YAP and TAZ are frequently looked at as functionally redundant and are not sufficiently discriminated in the scientific literature. As the extracellular matrix composition and mechanosignaling are of particular relevance in bone formation during embryogenesis, post-natal bone elongation and bone regeneration, YAP/TAZ are believed to have critical functions in these processes. Depending on the differentiation stage of mesenchymal stem cells during endochondral bone development, YAP and TAZ serve distinct roles, which are also reflected in bone tumors arising from the mesenchymal lineage at different developmental stages. Efforts to clinically translate the wealth of available knowledge of the pathway for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes focus mainly on YAP and TAZ expression and their role as transcriptional co-activators of TEAD transcription factors but rarely consider the expression and activity of pathway modulatory components and other transcriptional partners of YAP and TAZ. As there is a growing body of evidence for YAP and TAZ as potential therapeutic targets in several cancers, we here interrogate the applicability of this concept to bone tumors. To this end, this review aims to summarize our current knowledge of YAP and TAZ in cell plasticity, normal bone development and bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Bierbaumer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
| | - Branka Radic-Sarikas
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
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26
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Rodríguez-Núñez P, Romero-Pérez L, Amaral AT, Puerto-Camacho P, Jordán C, Marcilla D, Grünewald TG, Alonso J, de Alava E, Díaz-Martín J. Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ induce an EWS-FLI1-opposing gene signature and associate with disease progression in Ewing sarcoma. J Pathol 2020; 250:374-386. [PMID: 31880317 DOI: 10.1002/path.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
YAP1 and TAZ (WWTR1) oncoproteins are the final transducers of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Deregulation of the pathway leads to YAP1/TAZ activation fostering tumorigenesis in multiple malignant tumor types, including sarcoma. However, oncogenic mutations within the core components of the Hippo pathway are uncommon. Ewing sarcoma (EwS), a pediatric cancer with low mutation rate, is characterized by a canonical fusion involving the gene EWSR1 and FLI1 as the most common partner. The fusion protein is a potent driver of oncogenesis, but secondary alterations are scarce, and little is known about other biological factors that determine the risk of relapse or progression. We have observed YAP1/TAZ expression and transcriptional activity in EwS cell lines. Analyses of 55 primary human EwS samples revealed that high YAP1/TAZ expression was associated with progression of the disease and predicted poorer outcome. We did not observe recurrent SNV or copy number gains/losses in Hippo pathway-related loci. However, differential CpG methylation of the RASSF1 locus (a regulator of the Hippo pathway) was observed in EwS cell lines compared with mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cell of origin of EwS. Hypermethylation of RASSF1 correlated with the transcriptional silencing of the tumor suppressor isoform RASFF1A, and transcriptional activation of the pro-tumorigenic isoform RASSF1C, which promotes YAP1/TAZ activation. Knockdown of YAP1/TAZ decreased proliferation and invasion abilities of EwS cells and revealed that YAP1/TAZ transcription activity is inversely correlated with the EWS-FLI1 transcriptional signature. This transcriptional antagonism could be explained partly by EWS-FLI1-mediated transcriptional repression of TAZ. Thus, YAP1/TAZ may override the transcriptional program induced by the fusion protein, contributing to the phenotypic plasticity determined by dynamic fluctuation of the fusion protein, a recently proposed model for disease dissemination in EwS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Núñez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana T Amaral
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Puerto-Camacho
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Jordán
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - David Marcilla
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Gp Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Shen X, Xu X, Xie C, Liu H, Yang D, Zhang J, Wu Q, Feng W, Wang L, Du L, Xuan L, Meng C, Zhang H, Wang W, Wang Y, Xie T, Huang Z. YAP promotes the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells through decreasing the nuclear location of p27 Kip1 mediated by Akt. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12734. [PMID: 31863533 PMCID: PMC7046475 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Methods The expression level of YAP was evaluated by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cell viability, cell proliferation and growth were detected by CCK‐8, PH3 and Ki67 immunostaining, and the real‐time cell analyser system. The nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of p27Kip1 were dissociated by the nuclear‐cytosol extraction kit and were detected by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. mRNA levels of Akt, CDK5 and CRM1 were determined by qRT‐PCR. Results YAP was enriched in SH‐SY5Y cells (a human neuroblastoma cell line). Knock‐down of YAP in SH‐SY5Y cells or SK‐N‐SH cell line (another human neuroblastoma cell line) significantly decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and growth. Mechanistically, knock‐down of YAP increased the nuclear location of p27Kip1, whereas serum‐induced YAP activation decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1 and was required for cell proliferation. Meanwhile, overexpression of YAP in these serum‐starved SH‐SY5Y cells decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1, promoted cell proliferation and overexpression of p27Kip1 in YAP‐activated cells inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, knock‐down of YAP reduced Akt mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of Akt in YAP‐downregulated cells decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1 and accelerated the proliferation of SH‐SY5Y cells. Conclusions Our studies suggest that YAP promotes the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells through negatively controlling the nuclear location of p27Kip1 mediated by Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changnan Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Feng
- Zhejiang Sinogen Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaobo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Molina ER, Chim LK, Salazar MC, Mehta SM, Menegaz BA, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Satish T, Mohiuddin S, McCall D, Zaske AM, Cuglievan B, Lazar AJ, Scott DW, Grande-Allen JK, Ludwig JA, Mikos AG. Mechanically tunable coaxial electrospun models of YAP/TAZ mechanoresponse and IGF-1R activation in osteosarcoma. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:38-51. [PMID: 31542501 PMCID: PMC7027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro methods for assessing cancer biology and therapeutic response rely heavily on monolayer cell culture on hard, plastic surfaces that do not recapitulate essential elements of the tumor microenvironment. While a host of tumor models exist, most are not engineered to control the physical properties of the microenvironment and thus may not reflect the effects of mechanotransduction on tumor biology. Utilizing coaxial electrospinning, we developed three-dimensional (3D) tumor models with tunable mechanical properties in order to elucidate the effects of substrate stiffness and tissue architecture in osteosarcoma. Mechanical properties of coaxial electrospun meshes were characterized with a series of macroscale testing with uniaxial tensile testing and microscale testing utilizing atomic force microscopy on single fibers. Calculated moduli in our models ranged over three orders of magnitude in both macroscale and microscale testing. Osteosarcoma cells responded to decreasing substrate stiffness in 3D environments by increasing nuclear localization of Hippo pathway effectors, YAP and TAZ, while downregulating total YAP. Additionally, a downregulation of the IGF-1R/mTOR axis, the target of recent clinical trials in sarcoma, was observed in 3D models and heralded increased resistance to combination chemotherapy and IGF-1R/mTOR targeted agents compared to monolayer controls. In this study, we highlight the necessity of incorporating mechanical cues in cancer biology investigation and the complexity in mechanotransduction as a confluence of stiffness and culture architecture. Our models provide a versatile, mechanically variable substrate on which to study the effects of physical cues on the pathogenesis of tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. In this work, we engineered 3D, mechanically tunable, coaxial electrospun environments to determine the roles of the mechanical environment on osteosarcoma cell phenotype, morphology, and therapeutic response. We characterize the effects of varying macroscale and microscale stiffnesses in 3D environments on the localization and expression of the mechanoresponsive proteins, YAP and TAZ, and evaluate IGF-1R/mTOR pathway activation, a target of recent clinical trials in sarcoma. Increased nuclear YAP/TAZ was observed as stiffness in 3D was decreased. Downregulation of the IGF-1R/mTOR cascade in all 3D environments was observed. Our study highlights the complexity of mechanotransduction in 3D culture and represents a step towards controlling microenvironmental elements in in vitro cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria C Salazar
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shail M Mehta
- Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian A Menegaz
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tejus Satish
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sana Mohiuddin
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David McCall
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ana Maria Zaske
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Joseph A Ludwig
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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29
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Choo Z, Loh AHP, Chen ZX. Destined to Die: Apoptosis and Pediatric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111623. [PMID: 31652776 PMCID: PMC6893512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a systematic and coordinated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sidestepping or resisting apoptosis is a distinct characteristic of human cancers including childhood malignancies. This review dissects the apoptosis pathways implicated in pediatric tumors. Understanding these pathways not only unraveled key molecules that may serve as potential targets for drug discovery, but also molecular nodes that integrate with other signaling networks involved in processes such as development. This review presents current knowledge of the complex regulatory system that governs apoptosis with respect to other processes in pediatric cancers, so that fresh insights may be derived regarding treatment resistance or for more effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang'e Choo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Pediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Program, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- VIVA-KKH Pediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Program, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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30
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Yuan F, Wang J, Li R, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Lei Y, Hu Y. A New Regulatory Mechanism Between P53 And YAP Crosstalk By SIRT1 Mediated Deacetylation To Regulate Cell Cycle And Apoptosis In A549 Cell Lines. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8619-8633. [PMID: 31576168 PMCID: PMC6765265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yes-associated protein (YAP) is downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway, which regulates several cellular processes. P53 is a key transcriptional regulator that responds to a variety of cellular stresses and regulates key cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Overexpression of YAP antagonizes P53 activity and targets its expression. However, the mechanism that underlies the post-transcriptional crosstalk between P53 and YAP has not been well dissected. Methods We performed an integrated analysis and found that SIRT1 is a key candidate that connects YAP and P53 by modulating their acetylation. Results We found that YAP promotes P53 deacetylation, promotes cell survival by inhibiting P53-induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Conversely, P53 enhances YAP acetylation, and decreases A549 cell survival by strengthening YAP acetylation-induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that SIRT1 is responsible for YAP and P53 deacetylation of specific residues, and reveal for the first time, a new regulatory mechanism of P53 and YAP crosstalk by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, which may be involved in lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Biological Analysis, Explore (Beijing) Biotech Co, Ltd, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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31
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Xie C, Xiong W, Li J, Wang X, Xu C, Yang L. Intersectin 1 (ITSN1) identified by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation as a key candidate biological target in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7079-7093. [PMID: 31564893 PMCID: PMC6722439 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common cancers, breast carcinoma is the most common disease in women. Intersectin 1 (ITSN1) contributes to the actin cytoskeleton reconstruction in breast cancer. Purpose The objective of this study to explore the functions of ITSN1 in breast carcinoma. Methods We downloaded microarray datasets GSE8087, GSE50697, and GSE98238 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database, and the modules from PPI network were verified by Cytoscape software. Gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway were used to analyze the biological functions using the DAVID database. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to investigate the characteristics of ITSN1 for the prognosis of breast carcinoma. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays were used to detect cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to detect ITSN1, Ki67, and cleaved caspase-3 expressions. Results Low expressions of ITSN1 were significantly associated with clinical cancer stages. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed low expression of ITSN1 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. ITSN1 inhibition could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis, while ITSN1 overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation and increase cell apoptosis by regulating the levels of expression of Ki67 and cleaved-caspase-3. Conclusion The results indicated that ITSN1 could be a prognostic biomarker for survivals of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Xiong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
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32
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Lodge EJ, Santambrogio A, Russell JP, Xekouki P, Jacques TS, Johnson RL, Thavaraj S, Bornstein SR, Andoniadou CL. Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS/YAP/TAZ cascade. eLife 2019; 8:43996. [PMID: 30912742 PMCID: PMC6461440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 positive pituitary stem cells (PSCs) are specified embryonically and persist throughout life, giving rise to all pituitary endocrine lineages. We have previously shown the activation of the STK/LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade in the developing and postnatal mammalian pituitary. Here, we investigate the function of this pathway during pituitary development and in the regulation of the SOX2 cell compartment. Through loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we reveal that restricting YAP/TAZ activation during development is essential for normal organ size and specification from SOX2+ PSCs. Postnatal deletion of LATS kinases and subsequent upregulation of YAP/TAZ leads to uncontrolled clonal expansion of the SOX2+ PSCs and disruption of their differentiation, causing the formation of non-secreting, aggressive pituitary tumours. In contrast, sustained expression of YAP alone results in expansion of SOX2+ PSCs capable of differentiation and devoid of tumourigenic potential. Our findings identify the LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade as an essential component of PSC regulation in normal pituitary physiology and tumourigenesis. The pituitary is a gland inside the head that releases hormones that control major processes in the body including growth, fertility and stress. Diseases of the pituitary gland can prevent the body from producing the appropriate amounts of hormones, and also include tumours. A population of stem cells in the pituitary known as SOX2 cells divide to make the specialist cells that produce the hormones. This population forms as the pituitary develops in the embryo and continues to contribute new hormone-producing cells throughout life. Signals from inside and outside the gland control how the pituitary develops and maintain the correct balance of different types of cells in the gland in adults. In 2016, Lodge et al. reported that a cascade of signals known as the Hippo pathway is active in mouse and human pituitary glands, but its role remained unclear. Here, Lodge et al. use genetic approaches to study this signalling pathway in the pituitary of mice. The results of the experiments show that the Hippo pathway is essential for the pituitary gland to develop normally in mouse embryos. Furthermore, in adult mice the Hippo pathway is required to maintain the population of SOX2 cells in the pituitary and to regulate their cell numbers. Increasing the level of Hippo signalling in mouse embryos and adult mice led to an expansion of SOX2 stem cells that could generate new specialist cell types, but a further increase generated aggressive tumours that originated from the uncontrolled growth of SOX2 cells. These findings are the first step to understanding how the Hippo pathway works in the pituitary, which may eventually lead to new treatments for tumours and other diseases that affect this gland. The next step towards such treatments will be to carry out further experiments that use drugs to control this pathway and alter the fate of pituitary cells in mice and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Lodge
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Santambrogio
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - John P Russell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Endocrinology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cynthia Lilian Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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33
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Liu X, Liu K, Li C, Cai J, Huang L, Chen H, Wang H, Zou J, Liu M, Wang K, Tan S, Zhang H. Heat-shock protein B1 upholds the cytoplasm reduced state to inhibit activation of the Hippo pathway in H9c2 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5117-5133. [PMID: 30256412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is a multifunctional protein that protects against oxidative stress; however, its function in antioxidant pathways remains largely unknown. Here, we sought to determine the roles of HSPB1 in H9c2 cells subjected to oxidative stress. Using nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that increased HSPB1 expression promoted the reduced states of glutathione reductase (GR), peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), and thioredoxin 1, whereas knockdown of HSPB1 attenuated these responses following oxidative stress. Increased HSPB1 expression promoted the activation of GR and thioredoxin reductase. Conversely, knockdown of HSPB1 attenuated these responses following oxidative stress. Importantly, overexpression of HSPB1 promoted the complex formation between HSPB1 and oxidized Prx1, leading to dephosphorylation of STE-mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) in H9c2 cells exposed to H2 O 2 , whereas downregulation of HSPB1 induced the opposite results. Mechanistically, HSPB1 regulated the Hippo pathway by enhancing the dephosphorylation of MST1, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of LATS1 and Yes-associated protein (YAP). Moreover, HSPB1 regulated YAP-dependent gene expression. Thus, HSPB1 promoted the reduced state of endogenous antioxidant pathways following oxidative stress in H9c2 cells and improved the redox state of the cytoplasm via modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaodi Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Meidong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Sipin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
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34
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Kim HB, Myung SJ. Clinical implications of the Hippo-YAP pathway in multiple cancer contexts. BMB Rep 2018; 51:119-125. [PMID: 29366445 PMCID: PMC5882218 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.3.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays prominent and widespread roles in various forms of human carcinogenesis. Specifically, the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis, resulting in tumorigenesis. It was reported that the YAP is strongly elevated in multiple types of human malignancies such as breast, lung, small intestine, colon, and liver cancers. Recent work indicates that, surprisingly, Hippo signaling components' (SAV1, MST1/2, Lats1/2) mutations are virtually absent in human cancer, rendering this signaling an unlikely candidate to explain the vigorous activation of the YAP in most, if not all human tumors and an activated YAP promotes the resistance to RAF-, MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitor therapy. The analysis of YAP expressions can facilitate the identification of patients who respond better to an anti-cancer drug treatment comprising RAF-, MEK-, and EGFR-targeted inhibitors. The prominence of YAP for those aspects of cancer biology denotes that these factors are ideal targets for the development of anti-cancer medications. Therefore, our report strongly indicates that the YAP is of potential prognostic utility and druggability in various human cancers. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 119-125].
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byul Kim
- LG Chem, Department of Life Sciences, R&D Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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35
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Wang X, Wu B, Zhong Z. Downregulation of YAP inhibits proliferation, invasion and increases cisplatin sensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:585-593. [PMID: 29928445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) serves an essential role in tumorigenesis. However, the potential role and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of YAP on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have not been elucidated. In the current study, it was revealed that YAP expression was increased significantly in HCC cancer tissues and its overexpression was associated with tumor differentiation. The silencing of YAP by small interferring RNA led to the inhibition of HCC cell growth, which was associated with the promotion of apoptosis. The silencing of YAP also decreased the invasive potential of HCC cells and the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. Furthermore, silencing of YAP increased the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin (CDDP) through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vivo studies using PDTX model suggested a promotive role for YAP in the growth of HCC and knockdown of YAP increased the anti-tumor activity of CDDP. Taken together, these results revealed that YAP is overexpressed in HCC, and promotes proliferation, invasion and drug resistance of HCC cells. Inhibition of YAP, alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapy, may effectively combat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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36
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Liu XF, Han Q, Yang M, Lin XY, Han YC. MST1 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating YAP phosphorylation and Hippo pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2613-2620. [PMID: 31938375 PMCID: PMC6958309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian ste20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and embryonic development. MST1 is also an important member of the Hippo pathway which can regulate organ size and cell proliferation. Growing evidence indicates that MST1 influences cell proliferation through different pathways including Wnt, Akt, JNK, and Hippo pathways in different cells respectively. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of MST1 in lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the biological functions of MST1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated expression of MST1 in lung cancer cell lines and one human bronchial epithelium cell line (HBE) by Western blot. The results confirmed that MST1 expression was higher in HBE cells, but significantly lower in NSCLC cells. Moreover, MST1 was either overexpressed or depleted in NSCLC cell lines, and the results confirmed that MST1 could markedly inhibit cell proliferation and invasion through regulating the Hippo pathway and Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation. These results indicate that MST1 may play an important role in NSCLC and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-Yong Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Chen Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
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Yan H, Qiu C, Sun W, Gu M, Xiao F, Zou J, Zhang L. Yap regulates gastric cancer survival and migration via SIRT1/Mfn2/mitophagy. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1671-1681. [PMID: 29436693 PMCID: PMC5868403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and Hippo-Yap is the novel signaling pathway which plays an important role in gastric cancer tumor development and progression. However, little insight is available to date regarding the specific role of Yes-associated protein (Yap) in gastric cancer. In the present study, we identified the mechanism through which Yap sustains gastric cancer viability and migration. Yap was greatly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and its expression promoted cellular migration and survival. Functional studies found that knockdown of Yap reduced the mitophagy activity, which subsequently caused mitochondrial apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress. The latter impaired adhesive protein expression, alleviated F-actin expression, blunted lamellipodium formation, leading to inhibition of cancer cell motility. Mechanistically, Yap preserved Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity which manipulated mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression and subsequent mitophagy. Loss of Yap reduced SIRT1 expression and inhibited Mfn2-mediated mitophagy. Collectively, our results identified Hippo-Yap as a tumor promoter in gastric cancer that was mediated via activation of the SIRT1/Mfn2/mitophagy axis, with potential applications to gastric cancer therapy involving cancer survival and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Chengmin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Jue Zou
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
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38
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Yang C, Wu K, Wang S, Wei G. Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes osteosarcoma progression by targeting YAP via miR-195-5p. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5646-5656. [PMID: 29384226 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lncRNA XIST (X inactive-specific transcript) is an oncogenic lncRNA that is present in various malignant tumors; however, its role and molecular mechanisms in osteosarcoma (OS) progression remain unclear. In the current study, 40 pairs of OS tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected. qRT-PCR was conducted to investigate the differences in XIST expression in tissues and OS cell lines. The proliferation, invasion, and EMT status of OS cells after transfection were assessed with WST-1 assays, Transwell assays, and Western blot analysis, respectively. Whether miR-195-5p was a direct downstream target of XIST was verified by both bioinformatics target gene prediction and dual-luciferase report analysis. A mouse model was established to evaluate tumor proliferation in vivo. Our results demonstrated that XIST expression was significantly upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines and negatively correlated with clinical prognosis. XIST knockdown inhibited cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, inhibited the EMT of OS cells in vitro, and suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. Further analysis demonstrated that XIST regulated YAP expression by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR-195-5p in OS cells. XIST directly interacted with miR-195-5p and decreased the binding of miR-195-5p to the YAP 3'UTR, which suppressed the degradation of YAP mRNA by miR-195-5p. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that lncRNA XIST enhances OS cancer cell proliferation and invasion in part through the miR-195-5p/YAP pathway. Therefore, lncRNA XIST might be a promising therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Mst1 regulates colorectal cancer stress response via inhibiting Bnip3-related mitophagy by activation of JNK/p53 pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:263-277. [PMID: 29063978 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo-Mst1 pathway is associated with tumor development and progression. However, little evidence is available for its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) stress response via mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we conducted gain-of function assay about Mst1 in CRC via adenovirus transfection. Then, cellular viability and apoptosis were measured via MTT, TUNEL assay, and typan blue staining. Mitochondrial function was detected via JC1 staining, mPTP opening assay, and immunofluorescence of cyt-c. Mitophagy was observed via western blots and immunofluorescence. Cell migration and proliferation were evaluated via Transwell and BrdU assay. Western blots were used to analyze the signaling pathways with JNK inhibitors or p53 siRNA. We found that Mst1 was down-regulated in CRC. Overexpression of Mst1 induced CRC apoptosis and impaired cell proliferation and migration. Functional studies have illustrated that recovery of Mst1 could activate JNK pathway which upregulated the p53 expression. The latter repressed Bnip3 transcription and activity, leading to the mitophagy arrest. The defective mitophagy impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, evoked cellular oxidative stress, and initiated the mitochondrial apoptosis. Meanwhile, bad-structured mitophagy also hindered the cancer proliferation via CyclinD/E. Moreover, Mst1-suppressed mitophagy was associated with CRC migration inhibition via regulation of CXCR4/7 expression. Collectively, our data described the comprehensive role of Mst1 in colorectal cancer stress response involving apoptosis, mobilization, and growth via handling mitophagy by JNK/p53/Bnip3 pathways.
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