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de Sousa JBA, Mendes GF, Zandonadi RP, da Costa THM, Saunders B, Reis CEG. Translation and Validation of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire in Brazil (NSKQ-BR). Nutrients 2024; 16:1891. [PMID: 38931245 PMCID: PMC11206272 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate "The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ)" for Brazilian athletes. The NSKQ is an Australian instrument composed of 87 questions divided into six subsections (weight control, macronutrients, micronutrients, sports nutrition, supplementation, and alcohol) designed to assess the nutritional knowledge (NK) of athletes. The translation process followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization for translating and adapting instruments. Semantic validation involved a panel of specialists (n = 21), followed by an assessment performed by a group of adult Brazilian athletes from various sports (n = 17). The reproducibility and internal consistency of the questionnaire were evaluated via a test-retest approach in a sample of adult Brazilian athletes (n = 29) from diverse sports, who completed the Brazilian version of the NSKQ (NSKQ-BR). Overall, the NSKQ-BR presented good internal consistency (α = 0.95) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.85). The factors "sports nutrition" and "alcohol" showed moderate reproducibility (ICC = 0.74 (0.46-0.88) and ICC = 0.68 (0.33-0.85), respectively). Most athletes (n = 17; 58.6%) presented a medium NK score (50-65%). The NSKQ-BR is available to evaluate the NK levels of Brazilian athletes. The NSKQ-BR presented high internal consistency and reproducibility, validating its applicability among adult athletes across diverse sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Bianca Alves de Sousa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.Z.); (T.H.M.d.C.); (C.E.G.R.)
| | - Guilherme Falcão Mendes
- Nutrition and Dietetics Graduate Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil;
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.Z.); (T.H.M.d.C.); (C.E.G.R.)
| | - Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.Z.); (T.H.M.d.C.); (C.E.G.R.)
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Nutrology Academy, Rio de Janeiro 22421-030, Brazil
| | - Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.Z.); (T.H.M.d.C.); (C.E.G.R.)
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Callis L, Russell M, Hurst H, Hardwicke J, Roberts CJ. Room for Improvement in Sports Nutrition Knowledge amongst Parents and Caregivers of Male Academy Soccer Players in the UK: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4331. [PMID: 37892407 PMCID: PMC10609980 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In professional soccer clubs in the UK, nutrition support is often polarised towards senior players or those in the senior academy age groups seeking first team selection/involvement. Accordingly, there is an increased reliance on parents and caregivers to provide support regarding nutritional intake. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of nutrition knowledge of parents and caregivers of male youth soccer players within developmental academies in the UK. Across a single competitive season, 360 registered parents and caregivers of male soccer players from English Premier League under 9-11 (Foundation Phase) and under 12-16 (Youth Development Phase) age group academies completed an online version of the 88-item validated Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. Nutrition knowledge scores were classified as "poor" (43 ± 23%). Nutrition knowledge scores were significantly greater in respondents with dependents representing Category 1 (45 ± 13%) vs. Category 2 (39 ± 15%) academies and in Foundation Phase (44 ± 13%) vs. Youth Development Phase (41 ± 15%). These results demonstrate that there is room for improvement in the nutrition knowledge levels of parents and caregivers of male soccer academy players. We recommend that club academies provide appropriate resources towards nutritional education for parents and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Callis
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK;
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Sport and Wellbeing, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK;
| | - Howard Hurst
- Centre for Applied Sport Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Jack Hardwicke
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Charlie Jon Roberts
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK;
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Skinner J, Vento KA, Johnston CS, Wardenaar FC. Using Nutrition Knowledge and Diet Quality Questionnaires as Screening Tools to Identify Female Collegiate Athletes in Need of Dietitian Referral. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:133-138. [PMID: 35503908 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrition knowledge and diet quality in collegiate athletes to determine if referral to a sports registered dietitian (RD) is warranted. This cross-sectional study analyzed four sections of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients Questionnaire, both validated in athletic populations. The relationship between nutrition knowledge and diet quality was evaluated. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. One hundred and twenty athletes reported a median nutrition score of 52 (45-61), and a dietary quality score of 53 (46-58), with a weak, positive association between both (r = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11-0.44), P < 0.01). Fifty-four percent were categorized as needing a referral to a sports RD. Diet quality scores differed between dietitian referral group with 49 (43-54) versus 58 (52-62) for the nonreferral group, respectively (P < 0.01, V = 0.71), with no difference in nutrition knowledge observed, P = 0.73. Overall, nutrition knowledge and diet quality in our sample of collegiate athletes was poor. College athletic departments with limited access to sports RD should use these questionnaires to evaluate knowledge and the need of dietitian referral separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen Skinner
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kaila A Vento
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Carol S Johnston
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Floris C Wardenaar
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ
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Nor Azizam NS, Yusof SN, Amon JJ, Ahmad A, Safii NS, Jamil NA. Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030572. [PMID: 35276930 PMCID: PMC8838580 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syazana Nor Azizam
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.S.N.A.); (S.N.Y.); (J.J.A.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Siti Nurhazlin Yusof
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.S.N.A.); (S.N.Y.); (J.J.A.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Jonie Jerypin Amon
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.S.N.A.); (S.N.Y.); (J.J.A.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Azimah Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Nik Shanita Safii
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.S.N.A.); (S.N.Y.); (J.J.A.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.S.N.A.); (S.N.Y.); (J.J.A.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Elsahoryi NA, Trakman G, Al Kilani A. General and sports nutrition knowledge among Jordanian adult coaches and athletes: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258123. [PMID: 34793475 PMCID: PMC8601468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition knowledge (NK) is a modifiable determinant of diet intake and can positively influence athletic performance. This study aimed to (1) adapt and translate a validated general and sports NK questionnaire into Arabic (2) assess the NK of Jordanian sportspeople, and (3) evaluate the relationship between NK and various sociodemographic factors. METHODS The Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ) was translated into Arabic using forward-backward translation and underwent pilot testing and psychometric validation (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater agreement) using a convenience sample of 30 individuals. Following ANSKQ validation, athletes a from 50 sport institutes in Jordan were invited (via email) to complete the Arabic ANSKQ online. Differences in NK based on demographics were analysed using t-test or ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. The ability of demographic factors to predict NK score-category (poor/good/average/excellent) was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The Arabic ANSKQ had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92), test-retest reliability (Pearson r = 0.926) and inter-rater agreement (Cohen's k statistic = 0.89). A total of 3636 eligible participants completed the Arabic ANSKQ. Participants were mostly athletes (91.4%), female (68.0%), had normal BMI (50.6%), and played high-intensity sports (59.6%). 88.3% of participants had poor NK (<50%). There were statistically significant differences in NK score based on participant role (athlete vs coach), age, gender, BMI, nationality, smoking, years playing sport, sport frequency, sport intensity, and nutrition training. Multivariate modelling showed participant role, BMI, education level, sport frequency and nutrition training were predictors of NK category. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Jordanian sportspeople have poor NK and may benefit from increased nutrition training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Amin Elsahoryi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Gina Trakman
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ayah Al Kilani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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How Does the Dietary Intake of Female Field-Based Team Sport Athletes Compare to Dietary Recommendations for Health and Performance? A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041235. [PMID: 33918568 PMCID: PMC8069310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-based team sports present large energetic demands given their intermittent high-intensity nature. Current evidence suggests that the dietary intake of female athletes may be insufficient to meet such demands, resulting in negative consequences for athletic performance and health. The primary aim of this review was to therefore assess the adequacy of dietary intake of female field-based team sport athletes when compared to dietary recommendations. A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and OpenGrey, was performed from the earliest record available until July 2020, obtaining an initial total of 2588 articles. To be included within the final review, articles were required to provide a quantitative assessment of baseline dietary intake specific to the target population. A total of 20 studies (n = 462) met the full eligibility criteria. A majority reported that the dietary intake of female field-based team sport athletes was insufficient in overall energy (2064 ± 309 kcal·day-1), carbohydrate (4.3 ± 1.2 g·kg·day-1), and iron intake (13.6 ± 6.2 mg·day-1) when compared to recommendations. Future research is required to establish why female team sport athletes consistently demonstrate deficient dietary practices, and to explore the potential negative consequences of this.
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O’Brien L, Collins K, Amirabdollhian F. Exploring Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Elite Gaelic Footballers. Nutrients 2021; 13:1081. [PMID: 33810237 PMCID: PMC8066959 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition intake plays a crucial role in improving athletic performance, enhancing adaptations to training, and augmenting recovery from exercise. However, research has reported that Gaelic footballers consistently fail to meet energy and carbohydrate recommendations. Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) can influence the dietary intake of athletes, and therefore has the potential to have a significant impact on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of SNK in elite Gaelic footballers (n = 100). An online version of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used to assess sports SNK. The overall mean SNK scores for Gaelic footballers and practitioners were 47.6 ± 12.3% and 78.1 ± 8.3%, respectively. There were no differences in knowledge between age groups, education level or divisional status. The top three sources of nutrition information identified by participants were team dietitian/nutritionists (84.0%), athletic trainers/strength and conditioning coaches (73%), and social media (37%). The results show that there is a major gap in the SNK of Gaelic footballers, while practitioners demonstrated a promising SNK, that could support Gaelic footballers. There is a need for development of interventions and knowledge transfer partnerships, including more effective methods of educating Gaelic footballers and translating sports nutrition principles to players. Developing appropriate nutritional education strategies using online resources and mobile applications could help to improve nutritional knowledge and practice of Gaelic footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O’Brien
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK;
| | - Kieran Collins
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Farzad Amirabdollhian
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK;
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Renard M, Anton-Solanas A, Kelly D, O'Cathain C. Evaluation of nutrition knowledge in elite and sub-elite Gaelic football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:82-88. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1883195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Renard
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
- School of Sport Health and Applied Sciences, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Ana Anton-Solanas
- School of Sport Health and Applied Sciences, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK
| | - David Kelly
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ciarán O'Cathain
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
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Renard M, Kelly DT, Chéilleachair NN, Catháin CÓ. Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge in Female Gaelic Games Players. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8120154. [PMID: 33260459 PMCID: PMC7760414 DOI: 10.3390/sports8120154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in nutrition knowledge have been associated with increased carbohydrate consumption and greater adherence to dietary recommendations among female athletes. In order to assess whether nutrition knowledge interventions in female Gaelic games players may be beneficial, it is necessary to first of all investigate current levels of nutrition knowledge in this population. Given that many demographic characteristics have been shown to influence nutrition knowledge, it is also important for these to be investigated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the nutrition knowledge of female Gaelic games players, compare knowledge by players’ characteristics and identify players’ preferences for information and support. A validated 35-item questionnaire was completed by 328 female Gaelic games players (Age: 23.7 ± 5.0 years). Players’ mean nutrition knowledge score was 46.0% ± 11.8% and classified as “poor”. Elite players scored greater (+4.5–5.9%, p < 0.05) than subelite players. Players with higher levels of general education, history of formal nutrition education and previous advice from a nutritionist also presented greater nutrition knowledge (+3.7–7.5%, p < 0.05). Future education interventions with female Gaelic games players may lead to beneficial changes in dietary behaviour and would likely benefit from stratifying content based on athletes’ demographic characteristics, given the differences observed.
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