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Diallo R, Baguiya A, Balde MD, Camara S, Diallo A, Camara BS, Toure AO, Soumah AM, Kouanda S, Compaore E. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in children under 5 years in West African countries. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231181845. [PMID: 37465529 PMCID: PMC10350767 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231181845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases and is affecting an increasing number of children worldwide. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and related factors to overweight among children under 5 years in five West African countries. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional data. These data were drawn from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from five countries in the West African region (Benin, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, and Togo) from 2015 to 2018.Continuous quantitative data were categorized and all analyses were weighted according to the probability that each participant was selected in the sample. Children under 5 years of age were the study population. Multilevel logistic regression was used with Stata 16.0 software. Results The total sample size for the analysis was 38,657 children. The pooled prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years of age in the five countries was 3%. Guinea had the highest prevalence (6%) compared to the other countries, which had a prevalence of 2%. The likelihood of being overweight was higher among children aged 0-6 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.41-3.95]), who had a high birth height (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.29-2.09]), whose mothers were overweight (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI [1.09-1.68]), who lived in households with fewer than five members (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.00-1.46]), or who lived in Guinea (AOR = 2.79; 95% CI [1.62-4.79]). Conclusion This study showed that overweight concerns few children under 5 years of age in West Africa. However, it does exist, and its prevalence could likely increase if its modifiable factors (maternal overweight, household size, and height at birth) are not taken into account in nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramata Diallo
- Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Adama Baguiya
- African Institute of Public Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sadan Camara
- Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Aissatou Diallo
- Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- National Center for Training and Research in Rural Health in Maferinyah, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Amadou Oury Toure
- Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Anne Marie Soumah
- Center for Research in Reproductive Health in Guinea (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Seni Kouanda
- African Institute of Public Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ella Compaore
- University Joseph Ki-Zerbo of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Alam F, Ali MK, Patel SA, Iqbal R. Concordance of weight status between mothers and children: A secondary analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey VII. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.04.23289509. [PMID: 37205423 PMCID: PMC10187450 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.23289509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Familial concordance of nutritional status is an emerging field of study that may guide the development of interventions that operate beyond the individual and within the family context. Little published data exist for concordance of nutritional status within Pakistani households. We assessed the associations between weight status of mothers and their children in a nationally representative sample of households in Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey data. Our analysis included 3465 mother-child dyads, restricting to children under-five years of age with body mass index (BMI) information on their mothers. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between maternal BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese) and child's weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), accounting for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children. We assessed these relationships in all children under-five and also stratified by age of children (younger than 2 years and 2 to 5 years). In all children under-five and in children 2 to 5 years, maternal BMI was positively associated with child's WHZ, while there was no association between maternal BMI and child WHZ for children under-two. The findings indicate that the weight status of mother's is positively associated with that of their children. These associations have implications for interventions aimed at healthy weights of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Alam
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Overweight/Obesity Prevalence among Under-Five Children and Risk Factors in India: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the National Family Health Survey (2015–2016). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173621. [PMID: 36079879 PMCID: PMC9460849 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of overweight and obesity has increased in recent years in India. In this study, we investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of overweight/obesity among children aged 0–59 months in India. Using data from the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), the research sample included 176,255 children aged 0 to 59 months. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to analyze children’s risk factors for overweight/obesity. We identified that the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children aged 0–59 was 2.6% in India. The study findings reveal that factors such as child sex, age, birth weight, birth rank, maternal education, number of children, age at marriage, mother’s BMI, media exposure, social group, and dietary diversity score were most significantly correlated with childhood overweight and obesity in India. Furthermore, we found that male children (ARR: 1.08) aged between 0 and 11 months (ARR: 3.77) with low birth rank (ARR: 1.24), obese (ARR: 1.81) children whose mothers married after the age of 18 (ARR: 1.15), children who belong to a scheduled tribe family (ARR: 1.46), and children who consumed 7–9 food items (ARR: 1.22) were at highest risk of being overweight and obese. However, breastfeeding (ARR: 0.85) and Muslim families (ARR: 0.87) appeared to be protective factors with respect to childhood overweight and obesity in India. Pertinent public health programs, clinical follow-up, and awareness about sedentary lifestyles can help to reduce overweight/obesity risks in children.
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Nutritional status of school children in the South Tongu District, Ghana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269718. [PMID: 36001627 PMCID: PMC9401153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem because of the devastating consequences it has on children, their families, and society at large. Our study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity and its associated factors among children aged 6–12 in the South Tongu District, Ghana. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 school children aged 6–12 years in the South Tongu District of Ghana. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit the school children for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. We used a dual-purpose (height and weight) measuring scale to obtain the anthropometric data. The World Health Organization’s AnthroPlus software was used to generate the z-scores for determining the nutritional status. Percentages were used to present the results of the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the analyses. Results The overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were 21.5% (CI = 17.7, 25.7) and 24.8% (CI = 20.8, 29.2), respectively. Specifically, the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 10.4%, 12.1%, 3.8%, 11.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. School children whose household used water from non-portable sources were more likely to be undernourished [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.63]. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among school children whose mothers had attained formal education [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.06], those who consumed beverages between meals per day [AOR = 1.87, CI = 1.08, 3.24], and those who had adequate dietary diversity score [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.67]. School children aged 10–12 were less likely to be overweight/obese [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.94] compared to those aged 6–9. Conclusion The study showed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children in the South Tongu District. The identified risk factor(s) for undernutrition was the usage of water from non-potable sources whilst those of overweight/obesity were age (10–12 years), maternal formal education, beverage consumption between meals per day, and adequate dietary diversity. The findings reaffirm that malnutrition is still prevalent among school children. Hence, there is a need for the Ministry of Health, Ghana Education Service, and other Non-Governmental Organizations to pay critical attention to these factors to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2, target 2.2. Nutritional behavioural change education should be carried out among parents and school children. School health service activities should be intensified with a special focus on nutritional screening.
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Tiruneh SA, Gebremariam AD, Engidaw MT, Tesfa D, Dagnaw FT, Zewde EA, Azanaw MM. Overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African countries: A multilevel analysis using Bayesian approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08643. [PMID: 35005288 PMCID: PMC8718964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood overweight and/or obesity become a significant public health problem in the 21st century. It is a double burden next to undernutrition and has a dramatic rise in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African Countries. METHODS Data were retrieved from the recent nationally representative demographic and health survey datasets from eleven East African Countries. A total of 89,091 weighted numbers of under-five children participated. Statistical analysis was performed using the R (Brms R-package) software. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression analysis using the Bayesian approach was employed to identify the factors affecting overweight and/or obesity among under-five children. RESULTS Overall, 4.59% (95% CI, 4.45-4.73) of under-five children in East African Countries were overweight and/or obese. Under-five children overweight and/or obesity was highest in Comoros and lowest in Burundi. Under-five children aged older than two years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.65, 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.57-0.73), females (AOR = 0.84, 95% CrI:, 0.75-0.94), under-five children live from rich household wealth status (AOR = 1.25, 95% CrI, 1.06-1.49), under-five children living in Malawi (AOR = 2.60, 95% CrI, 1.49-4.51), Mozambique (AOR = 5.26, 95% CrI, 3.52-7.79), Rwanda (AOR = 5.63, 95% CrI, 3.46-9.08), Tanzania (AOR = 2.15, 95% CrI, 1.47-3.12), and Uganda (AOR = 2.62, 95% CrI, 1.71-3.99) were a significant determinant for under-five overweight and/or obesity. CONCLUSION Overweight and/or obesity among under-five children become a problem in low and middle-income countries. Older under-five children, male sex, children who live in rich household wealth, and children who live in a country in Malawi, Mozambique, Ruanda, Tanzania, and Uganda were significantly affected by overweight and/or obesity. Therefore, in these countries, responsible stakeholders shall give primary attention to curve the alarming increase in overweight and/or obesity among under-five children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofonyas Abebaw Tiruneh
- Department of Public Health (Epidemiology), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam
- Department of Public Health (Human Nutrition), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Tadege Engidaw
- Department of Public Health (Human Nutrition), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tesfa
- Department of Public Health (Reproductive Health), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw
- Department of Public Health (Health Service Management), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Science (Medical Physiology), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw
- Department of Public Health (Epidemiology), College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become global epidemics, especially during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of medicinal plants as a better and safe option in treating obesity and overweight has gained attention in recent years. Obesity and overweight has become a major public health concern, and its incidence rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is one of the major types of metabolic syndrome, resulting in various types of problems such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excess fat accumulation. The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, the search engine of Google Scholar, and Institute for Scientific Web of Science. The keywords were traditional medicine, health benefits, pharmaceutical science, pomegranate, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagitannins. Google Scholar was searched manually for possible missing manuscripts, and there was no language restriction in the search. This review was carried out to highlight the importance of medicinal plants which are common in traditional medicinal sciences of different countries, especially Asia to prevent and treatment of obesity and overweight during the global pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era.
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Babu GR, Das A, Lobo E, R D, John DA, Thankachan P, Khetrapal S, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Murthy G. Mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women and birth weight in newborns as substitute for skinfold thickness: findings from the MAASTHI cohort study, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:484. [PMID: 34229644 PMCID: PMC8258932 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating total body fat in public hospitals using gold-standard measurements such as air displacement plethysmography (ADP), deuterium oxide dilution, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is unaffordable, and it is challenging to use skinfold thickness. We aimed to identify the appropriate substitute marker for skinfold thickness to estimate total body fat in pregnant women and infants. METHODS The study is part of a prospective cohort study titled MAASTHI in Bengaluru, from 2016 to 19. Anthropometric measurements such as body weight, head circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and skinfold thickness were measured in pregnant women between 14 and 36 weeks of gestational age; while measurements such as birth weight, head, chest, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness were recorded for newborns. We calculated Kappa statistics to assess agreement between these anthropometric markers with skinfold thickness. RESULTS We found the highest amount of agreement between total skinfold thickness and MUAC (Kappa statistic, 0.42; 95 % CI 0.38-0.46) in pregnant women. For newborns, the highest agreement with total skinfold thickness was with birth weight (0.57; 95 % CI 0.52-0.60). Our results indicate that MUAC higher than 29.2 cm can serve as a suitable alternative to total skinfolds-based assessments for obesity screening in pregnancy in public facilities. Similarly, a birth weight cut-off of 3.45 kg can be considered for classifying obesity among newborns. CONCLUSION Mid-upper arm circumference and birth weight can be used as markers of skinfold thickness, reflecting total body fat in pregnant women and the infant, respectively. These two anthropometric measurements could substitute for skinfold thickness in low- and middle-income urban India settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhara R Babu
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India.
- Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance Intermediate Research Fellow in Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Aritra Das
- Bihar Technical Support Program, CARE India, Patna, India
| | - Eunice Lobo
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepa R
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | - Daisy A John
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sonalini Khetrapal
- Asian Development Bank (ADB) NCR - National Capital Region, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gvs Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, India
- Public Health Eye Care & Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Seema S, Rohilla KK, Kalyani VC, Babbar P. Prevalence and contributing factors for adolescent obesity in present era: Cross-sectional Study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1890-1894. [PMID: 34195121 PMCID: PMC8208200 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1524_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent obesity is a very common issue in our culture. Recent studies have shown that this is a form of global burden that may predispose factors in advanced life for many other diseases. Adolescents are a positive force for a country, responsible for their future prosperity and also for their nations. Objectives The main objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of obesity among adolescents and its diverse contributing factors. Methods The analysis was a cross-sectional sample method and was carried out using a sampling methodology which was not possible. Through using standardized questionnaires and using validated and calibrated heighometers and weighting devices, data was obtained from 385 participants. Body mass index (BMI) scale of the World Health Organization (WHO) has been used to create a category for obesity. BMI values greater than + 1 SD fall in the range of overweight, and levels of obese greater than + 2 SD. Results It was found that 6.8% of adolescents were obese and that about 17.1% were overweight. Remaining 53.8% percent had normal category of BMI and 22.3 percent were category of underweight. A significant association of gender, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, chocolate eating habits, mode of transportation to school, sports participants, physical activity, and screen time. Adolescents who were athletic enthusiasts and those who did physical activity had a good BMI. The teens who watched more than 2 h of screen time were more obese, and these were only a few reasons that were responsible for teenage obesity. Conclusion Health care practitioners and policy makers need to be aware of the prevalence and contributing factor to teenage obesity. Adolescents will embrace practices such as healthy eating habits, avoiding smoking and physical inactivity. This obesity may increase their risk of developing chronic illnesses in adulthood and later life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seema
- Senior Nursing Officer, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kusum K Rohilla
- PhD Scholar, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vasantha C Kalyani
- Principal, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prerna Babbar
- Deputy Medical Superintendent, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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