1
|
Herrero-Climent F, Martínez-Rus F, Salido MP, Roldán D, Pradíes G. Comparative in vitro evaluation of microgap in titanium stock versus cobalt-chrome custom abutments on a conical connection implant: Effect of crown cementation and ceramic veneering. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024. [PMID: 38884385 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the implant-abutment connection microgap between computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled or laser-sintered cobalt-chrome custom abutments with or without ceramic veneering and titanium stock abutments with or without crown cementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six groups of six abutments each were prepared: (1) CAD/CAM cobalt-chrome custom abutments: milled, milled with ceramic veneering, laser-sintered, and laser-sintered with ceramic veneering (four groups: MIL, MIL-C, SIN, and SIN-C, respectively) and (2) titanium stock abutments with or without zirconia crown cementation (two groups: STK and STK-Z, respectively). Abutments were screwed to the implants by applying 30 Ncm torque. All 36 samples were sectioned along their long axes. The implant-abutment connection microgap was measured using scanning electron microscopy on the right and left sides of the connection at the upper, middle, and lower levels. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < .05). RESULTS Mean values (μm) of the microgap were 0.54 ± 0.44 (STK), 0.55 ± 0.48 (STK-Z), 1.53 ± 1.30 (MIL), 2.30 ± 2.2 (MIL-C), 1.53 ± 1.37 (SIN), and 1.87 ± 1.8 (SIN-C). Although significant differences were observed between the STK and STK-Z groups and the other groups (p < .05), none were observed between the milled and laser-sintered groups before or after ceramic veneering. The largest microgap was observed at the upper level in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Titanium stock abutments provided a closer fit than cobalt-chrome custom abutments. Neither crown cementation nor ceramic veneering resulted in significant changes in the implant-abutment connection microgap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Herrero-Climent
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Rus
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Salido
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roldán
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pradíes
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortensi L, Grande F, Testa C, Balma AM, Pedraza R, Mussano F, La Rosa GRM, Pedullà E. Fracture strength of 3-units fixed partial dentures fabricated with metal-ceramic, graphene doped PMMA and PMMA before and after ageing: An in-vitro study. J Dent 2024; 142:104865. [PMID: 38311017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the fracture strength and linear elongation at break of three-units fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated with traditional and new materials for fixed prosthodontics before and after ageing. METHODS Sixty models of three-units FPDs were fabricated and cemented onto a Co-Cr model simulating the replacement of a maxillary second premolar. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups: metal-ceramic (MCR), graphene-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-GR) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Half of the samples were directly subjected to fracture test, while the remaining half underwent an ageing process and then a fracture loading test using an electrodynamic testing machine. Fracture load and elongation at break values were taken and statistically analysed. RESULTS Significant differences were detected between the different materials (p<0.05). All groups showed a reduction of the fracture load and elongation at break values after ageing, but not statistically significant, except for PMMA group (p = 2.012e-19) (p = 3.8e-11). CONCLUSIONS MCR and PMMA-GR three-units FPDs showed higher fracture strength and lower elongation at break compared to PMMA. MCR and PMMA-GR had higher resistance to ageing processes compared to PMMA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE PMMA-GR could be considered a material for long-term provisional restorations as its mechanical behaviour and ageing resistance are more like MCR than PMMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ortensi
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Grande
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Mechanical and aerospace engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudia Testa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical- Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mosca Balma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedraza
- Department of Mechanical and aerospace engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical- Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saha S, Roy S. Metallic Dental Implants Wear Mechanisms, Materials, and Manufacturing Processes: A Literature Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:ma16010161. [PMID: 36614500 PMCID: PMC9821388 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES From the treatment of damaged teeth to replacing missing teeth, dental biomaterials cover the scientific interest of many fields. Dental biomaterials are one of the implants whose effective life depends vastly on their material and manufacturing techniques. The purpose of this review is to summarize the important aspects for metallic dental implants from biomedical, mechanical and materials science perspectives. The review article will focus on five major aspects as mentioned below. Tooth anatomy: Maximizing the implant performance depends on proper understanding of human tooth anatomy and the failure behavior of the implants. Major parts from tooth anatomy including saliva characteristics are explored in this section. Wear mechanisms: The prominent wear mechanisms having a high impact on dental wear are abrasive, adhesive, fatigue and corrosion wear. To imitate the physiological working condition of dental implants, reports on the broad range of mastication force and various composition of artificial saliva have been included in this section, which can affect the tribo-corrosion behavior of dental implants. Dental implants classifications: The review paper includes a dedicated discussion on major dental implants types and their details for better understanding their applicability and characteristics. Implant materials: As of today, the most established dental implant materials are SS316L, cobalt chrome alloy and titanium. Detailed discussion on their material properties, microstructures, phase transformations and chemical compositions have been discussed here. Manufacturing techniques: In terms of different production methods, the lost wax casting method as traditional manufacturing is considered. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED) as additive manufacturing techniques (AM) have been discussed. For AM, the relationships between process-property-performance details have been explored briefly. The effectiveness of different manufacturing techniques was compared based on porosity distribution, mechanical and biomechanical properties. SUMMARY Despite having substantial research available on dental implants, there is a lack of systematic reviews to present a holistic viewpoint combining state-of-the-art from biomedical, mechanical, materials science and manufacturing perspectives. This review article attempts to combine a wide variety of analyzing approaches from those interdisciplinary fields to deliver deeper insights to researchers both in academia and industry to develop next-generation dental implants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadr SM, Ahmadi E, Tabatabaei MH, Mohammadi S, Atri F. Comparison of internal fit of metal-ceramic crowns in CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques in all fabrication stages through replica weighting, triple scanning, and scanning electron microscope. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:763-770. [PMID: 35187813 PMCID: PMC9209789 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Restoration fit is one of the prerequisites of clinical durability. It is controversial as to whether computer-assisted design/computer-aided milling (CAD/CAM) or lost-wax fabrication methods result in more fit metal-ceramic crowns. This in-vitro study was conducted to examine the internal fit of porcelain fused to metal crowns fabricated using CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques during fabrication stages (framework, porcelain, cementation) through digital triple scanning, replica weighting, and observation with electron microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty uniform resin dies of prepared first maxillary molars were randomly divided into two groups according to the fabrication technique: lost wax and CAD/CAM. The internal fit was measured in all steps of completing the crowns (framework, porcelain, and cementation) using different methods, including triple scanning, replica weighting, and scanning electron microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using t test, Pearson, and repeated measures analysis of variance (α = .05). RESULTS Triple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of CAD/CAM and lost-wax groups in all the fabrication steps (p > .05). The replica weighting method showed no difference between groups in the framework step (p > .05), while the internal fit was significantly better in the CAD/CAM group after porcelain application (p < .05). After cementation, electron microscopy measurements showed no difference between CAD/CAM and lost wax groups (p > .05). The Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between electron microscopy, replica weighing, and triple scanning methods (p > .05). CONCLUSION According to scanning electron microscopy as the superior evaluation method, the internal fit of cobalt-chrome PFM crown of both CAD/CAM and lost wax groups was within the acceptable clinical range and there was no significant difference between them. Triple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of framework and porcelain steps but a better fit after cementation. According to replica weighting, the internal fit in the porcelain step was higher than the framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mohammadi Sadr
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Atri
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Falcon CM, Gil-Lopez T, Verdu-Vazquez A, Mirza-Rosca JC. Analysis and Comparison of the Corrosive Behavior of Nickel-Based and Cobalt-Based Dental Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4949. [PMID: 34501039 PMCID: PMC8434020 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-based and cobalt-based metal alloys are frequently used in dentistry. The introduction of various elements in the alloy changes its characteristics, and a thorough study of each alloy should be completed to determine its appropriate corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in contact with physiological fluids. There are scarce investigations on these widely used dental alloys in Ringer solution, and findings in this research bring new experimental data and information. The present study evaluated and compared the corrosion behavior of six NiCr- and two CoCr-based dental materials in Ringer solution, using the following techniques: potentiostatic polarization curves (chronoamperometry), microstructural analysis, and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The results obtained in this investigation showed that in the NiCr-based specimens Ni4, Ni5, and Ni6 the stability of the passive layer was destroyed after polarization and a development and growth of stable pits was found in the microstructural analysis after electrochemical treatment. In terms of susceptibility to corrosion, two different groups of specimens were derived from this investigation. A first group which included the two CoCr (Co1 and Co2) and three of the six NiCr alloys studied (Ni1, Ni2, and Ni3). A second group with the other NiCr alloys investigated Ni4, Ni5, and Ni6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marina Garcia-Falcon
- Nanoscience and Nanomaterials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain; (C.M.G.-F.); (J.C.M.-R.)
| | - Tomas Gil-Lopez
- Science and Engineering, Department of Building Technology, Madrid Polytechnic University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Amparo Verdu-Vazquez
- Science and Engineering, Department of Building Technology, Madrid Polytechnic University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julia Claudia Mirza-Rosca
- Nanoscience and Nanomaterials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain; (C.M.G.-F.); (J.C.M.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mansour FK, Ibrahim RM, Mansour H, Hamdy AM. Assessment of internal fit and micro leakage of conventionally fabricated ceramometallic restoration versus CAD wax and press veneering (in-vitro study). BDJ Open 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33972501 PMCID: PMC8110796 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of problem Accuracy of internal fit and microleakage for CAD-CAM systems used in metal coping fabrication and veneered with layering or pressing porcelain in ceramometallic restoration is unclear. Material and methods A master metal die was milled to resemble the right mandibular first molar preparation for coverage with ceramometallic restoration. Master die was duplicated to twenty-four resin specimen dies.They were divided into two groups according to metal coping construction technique using either conventional (C) or CAD (D) wax. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 6) according to the technique of porcelain veneering (layered or pressed) to fabricate ceramometallic restorations, where subgroup (CL, DL) were conventionally layered by porcelain and (CP, DP) were press veneered. A standardized thickness of metal and porcelain was performed in all specimens as per manufacturer’s instructions for techniques ceramometallic restoration construction. Evaluation of internal fit was done with silicone replica technique using stereomicroscope at ×24 magnification where the thickness of silicon layer was measured at 20 reference points on each specimen. Then specimens were subjected to thermocycling. Sectioned specimens were assessed for microleakage using a stereomicroscope at ×12 magnification along die-cement interface with a five scale score. Results Mean internal gap values of veneering showed a statistically nonsignificant difference between specimens made with layering(L) and pressing(P). Different techniques of wax construction showed a non-significant difference in internal gap values between specimens made with conventional(C) and CAD(D) waxing. However, a significant difference was found in the internal gap at different sites. The highest internal gap was found at the occlusal surface, while the lowest gap was found at the finish line. The highest mean microleakage score was found with CAD wax and press veneering, while the lowest mean microleakage score was found with conventional wax and press veneering. Conclusion Both construction techniques of ceramometallic restoration were considered reliable in restoration production within a clinically acceptable range regarding internal fit and microleakage. There is a strong positive correlation between internal fit and microleakage of ceramometallic restoration constructed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Khaled Mansour
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Hoda Mansour
- University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Hamdy
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Khayambashi P, Farooq I, Sabri H, Tarar M, Lee KT, Harb I, Zhou S, Wang Y, Tran SD. Dental 3D-Printing: Transferring Art from the Laboratories to the Clinics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13010157. [PMID: 33406617 PMCID: PMC7795531 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has changed the face of dentistry over the past decade. 3D printing is a versatile technique that allows the fabrication of fully automated, tailor-made treatment plans, thereby delivering personalized dental devices and aids to the patients. It is highly efficient, reproducible, and provides fast and accurate results in an affordable manner. With persistent efforts among dentists for refining their practice, dental clinics are now acclimatizing from conventional treatment methods to a fully digital workflow to treat their patients. Apart from its clinical success, 3D printing techniques are now employed in developing haptic simulators, precise models for dental education, including patient awareness. In this narrative review, we discuss the evolution and current trends in 3D printing applications among various areas of dentistry. We aim to focus on the process of the digital workflow used in the clinical diagnosis of different dental conditions and how they are transferred from laboratories to clinics. A brief outlook on the most recent manufacturing methods of 3D printed objects and their current and future implications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Parisa Khayambashi
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Hisham Sabri
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Maryam Tarar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kyungjun T. Lee
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ingrid Harb
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Stephanie Zhou
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yifei Wang
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (P.K.); (H.S.); (M.T.); (K.T.L.); (I.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-7203
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bae S, Hong MH, Lee H, Lee CH, Hong M, Lee J, Lee DH. Reliability of Metal 3D Printing with Respect to the Marginal Fit of Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4781. [PMID: 33114737 PMCID: PMC7663231 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have been widely used to manufacture crowns and frameworks for fixed dental prostheses. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of the marginal fit of 3D-printed cobalt-chromium-based fixed dental prostheses in comparison to conventional casting methods. Articles published until 25 June 2020, reporting the marginal fit of fixed prostheses fabricated with metal 3D printing, were searched using electronic literature databases. After the screening and quality assessment, 21 eligible peer-reviewed articles were selected. Meta-analysis revealed that the marginal gap of the prostheses manufactured using 3D printing was significantly smaller compared to that manufactured using casting methods (standard mean difference (95% CI): -0.92 (-1.45, -0.38); Z = -3.37; p = 0.0008). The estimated difference between the single and multi-unit types did not differ significantly (p = 0.3573). In the subgroup analysis for the measurement methods, the tendency of marginal discrepancy between the 3D printing and casting groups was significantly different between articles that used direct observation and those that used the silicone replica technique (p < 0.001). Metal 3D printing technologies appear reliable as an alternative to casting methods in terms of the fit of the fixed dental prostheses. In order to analyze the factors influencing manufacturing and confirm the results of this review, further controlled laboratory and clinical studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Bae
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (S.B.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea;
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Dental Clinic, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea;
| | - Cheong-Hee Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (S.B.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Mihee Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Jaesik Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Du-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (S.B.); (C.-H.L.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| |
Collapse
|