1
|
Botía M, Escribano D, Ortín-Bustillo A, López-Martínez MJ, Fuentes P, Jiménez-Caparrós FJ, Hernández-Gómez JL, Avellaneda A, Cerón JJ, Rubio CP, Tvarijonaviciute A, Martínez-Subiela S, López-Arjona M, Tecles F. Comparison of the Effect of Two Different Handling Conditions at Slaughter in Saliva Analytes in Pigs. Metabolites 2024; 14:234. [PMID: 38668362 PMCID: PMC11052431 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this report, different handling conditions at slaughterhouse were studied to assess changes in salivary biomarkers. For this purpose, finishing pigs were divided into two groups, one in which handling was improved to minimize stress (Group A, n = 24, transported and stabled at the slaughterhouse at low density without mixing with unfamiliar animals throughout the whole process) and another one in which animals had a more stressful handling process (Group B, n = 24, transported and stabled at high density with unfamiliar animals). Saliva samples were taken the day before transport to the slaughterhouse at 8:00 a.m. (B0) and 12:00 a.m. (B4), and the day of slaughter just after unloading animals at the slaughterhouse at approximately 8:00 a.m. (S0) and after 4 h of lairage at approximately 12:00 a.m. (S4). Group B showed significantly higher cortisol, total esterase activity, oxytocin, adenosine deaminase and haptoglobin levels than the Group A at both S0 and S4 sampling times, and higher levels of calprotectin and creatine kinase at S4 sampling time. This report indicates that differences in the way in which the pigs are handled at the slaughterhouse can lead to changes in salivary biomarkers and opens the possibility of the use of biomarker at slaughter to monitor handling conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - María J. López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Pablo Fuentes
- Cátedra de Seguridad y Sostenibilidad Alimentaria Grupo Fuertes-Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (P.F.); (F.J.J.-C.); (J.L.H.-G.); (A.A.)
| | - Francisco J. Jiménez-Caparrós
- Cátedra de Seguridad y Sostenibilidad Alimentaria Grupo Fuertes-Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (P.F.); (F.J.J.-C.); (J.L.H.-G.); (A.A.)
| | - Juan L. Hernández-Gómez
- Cátedra de Seguridad y Sostenibilidad Alimentaria Grupo Fuertes-Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (P.F.); (F.J.J.-C.); (J.L.H.-G.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Avellaneda
- Cátedra de Seguridad y Sostenibilidad Alimentaria Grupo Fuertes-Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (P.F.); (F.J.J.-C.); (J.L.H.-G.); (A.A.)
| | - José J. Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Camila P. Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| | - Marina López-Arjona
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola de Vallés, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (M.B.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (J.J.C.); (C.P.R.); (A.T.); (S.M.-S.); (F.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effects of Housing, Short Distance Transport and Lairage on Meat Quality of Finisher Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050788. [PMID: 32370126 PMCID: PMC7278422 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge of stressful stimuli is a fundamental aspect to improve and evaluate animal welfare. Animal stressors vary in function of, for example, housing, climate and handling technique. That is why it is important to investigate animal welfare in different circumstances (e.g., type of housing, climate and region). Belgian pig production is based on the Piétrain breed which is associated with the halothane gene and hence with the genetic susceptibility to stress. In pigs, there is a negative correlation between stress in the last few hours of their life and the final meat quality. In our research we investigated several potential parameters that could influence the meat quality of pork. We can conclude that numerous parameters on farm, during transport and in slaughterhouse influence meat quality. Specifically, reducing lung lesions by vaccination during raising, no mixing of pigs during the transport process, sufficient lairage time and transporting no extreme muscled pigs can improve meat quality. Adequate control and application of guidelines on farm, transport and slaughterhouse level are necessary to improve animal welfare, but also to reduce deterioration of meat quality important for the financial aspect and the appreciation of the consumer. Abstract Transport and associated handling can have adverse effects on pig welfare and meat quality. The purpose of the study was to determine (the variation of) effects of farm management, climate parameters, transport and lairage conditions on the meat quality of fattening pigs, heterozygous for the halothane gene. A total of 4763 fattening pigs were transported from 1 farm to a commercial slaughterhouse (distance 110 km) in 121 transports. From 2404 carcasses, carcass temperature and pH were measured 45 min post-mortem; 48 hours post-mortem pH, electrical conductivity, drip loss and meat color were registered. During the raising period sex, conditions at weaning (purchased or not as piglet, vaccination against mycoplasma) and (type of) pen during fattening (i.e., from about 22 kg to 105 kg) were registered to relate with pork quality. Transport season, weather parameters, regrouping or not during loading, transport combination (truck, trailer and driver), transport compartment and transport conditions (loading density, transport duration and unloading time) were monitored. At the slaughterhouse, duration of lairage and carcass conformation were followed up to examine correlations with meat quality parameters. Effects of farm management, climate parameters during transport, transport and slaughterhouse conditions on pork quality were demonstrated. Specifically, reducing lung lesions by vaccination during raising, no mixing of pigs during the transport process, sufficient lairage time and transporting no extreme muscled pigs can improve meat quality.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gajana CS, Nkukwana TT, Marume U, Muchenje V. Effects of transportation time, distance, stocking density, temperature and lairage time on incidences of pale soft exudative (PSE) and the physico-chemical characteristics of pork. Meat Sci 2013; 95:520-5. [PMID: 23793088 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the effects of transportation time, distance, stocking density, temperature and lairage time on incidences of PSE and pork quality. Frequencies of PSE cases in stocking density categories within transport duration classes were determined. General linear models, regression and the principal component (PC) analysis were used to analyse the data. Highest incidences of PSE were recorded in autumn season while lowest incidences were recorded in the spring season. Transportation time and stocking density significantly affected pHu and ultimately PSE incidences although there were no interactive effects. Highest risks of PSE occurrence were observed with more space allowance. The highest incidences of PSE were observed for animals that had travelled for two hours while the PSE cases were lower in animals that travelled for longer times. Distance travelled and transportation time had significant effects (P<0.05) on thawing loss (TL) % of pork. No relationships were reported between the other pre-slaughter variables and pork quality attributes. With the exception of transportation time and distance travelled which had a positive relationship with TL%, variation in other pre-slaughter variables did not affect meat quality variables. The risks of PSE occurrence were dependent on stocking density and transportation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Gajana
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salmi B, Trefan L, Bünger L, Doeschl-Wilson A, Bidanel JP, Terlouw C, Larzul C. Bayesian meta-analysis of the effect of fasting, transport and lairage times on four attributes of pork meat quality. Meat Sci 2012; 90:584-98. [PMID: 22075265 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Technological meat quality is a significant economic factor in pork production, and numerous publications have shown that it is strongly influenced both by genetic status and by rearing and slaughter conditions. The quality of meat is often described by meat pH at different times postmortem, as well as by color and drip loss. A meta-analysis based on a database built from 27 studies corresponding to a total of 6526 animals classified was carried out. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of fasting, lairage and transport durations on four main attributes of the technological pork meat quality. A Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression approach was adopted. The results of our meta-analysis showed that fasting time had a significant effect on pH measured 24h post-mortem (pHu) and drip loss (DL) measured in longissimus muscle. While, lairage affected only the pHu in semimembranosus muscle. Interestingly, we found that DL was the lone attribute that was affected by transport time and its interaction with fasting time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Salmi
- INRA, UMR 1313 Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|