1
|
Gunya B, Muchenje V, Masika P. Retraction notice to “The Potential of Eisenia foetida as a Protein Source on the Growth Performance, Digestive Organs Size, Bone Strength and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers” [J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28 (2019) 374–382]. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
2
|
Mapfumo L, Muchenje V, Mupangwa JF, Scholtz MM, Washaya S. Dynamics and influence of environmental components on greenhouse gas emissions in sub-Saharan African rangelands: a review. Anim Prod Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries consist of ~200 million livestock owners who utilise marginal rangelands as a feed resource base for their animals. These rangelands offer various resources to the communities and are in-turn vulnerable to climate change related challenges. Currently, information on greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from SSA rangelands is heavily dependent on the generic values generated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier I trajectories on various aspects of the environment. There is, therefore, a need to identify research gaps between the dynamics and influences of environmental components, highlight their magnitude and potential aggregate contribution towards GHG emission in an SSA context. Rangeland sustainability, weather patterns, soils, plant biodiversity, and current methods used to measure GHG emission from rangelands are influenced by institutional, community, and national policy frameworks. Various intertwined environmental components exist within the SSA rangeland ecosystems and research has not extensively covered such interactions. It is crucial to generate a database that includes information of in-situ trajectories on GHG emission from soil properties, vegetation image maps using remote sensing and geographic information system, plant biodiversity indices, climatology, and animal husbandry aspects.
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Gunya B, Muchenje V, Masika P. RETRACTED: The Potential of Eisenia foetida as a Protein Source on the Growth Performance, Digestive Organs Size, Bone Strength and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
5
|
Fayemi P, Muchenje V. Characterization of surface orientation and tenderness of sous vide processed edible offal and psoas muscle from Dohne Merino sheep. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v49i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Lorenzo J, Guedes C, Zdolec N, Sarriés M, Franco D, De Palo P, Muchenje V, Silva S. Prediction of foal individual primal cuts yield using video image analysis. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Nyangiwe N, Yawa M, Muchenje V. Driving forces for changes in geographic range of cattle ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa: A review. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Sebola N, Mlambo V, Mokoboki H, Hugo A, Muchenje V. Comparison of meat quality parameters in three chicken strains fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal-based diets. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Semwogerere F, Neethling J, Muchenje V, Hoffman L. Effects of production systems on the carcass and meat quality characteristics of spent laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1990-1997. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
11
|
Washaya S, Mupangwa J, Muchenje V. Chemical composition of Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata and their subsequent effects on methane production in Xhosa lop-eared goats. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Yawa M, Nyangiwe N, Muchenje V, Kadzere CT, Mpendulo TC, Marufu MC. Ecological preferences and seasonal dynamics of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on and off bovine hosts in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 74:317-328. [PMID: 29470780 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 31,425 ticks were collected from 10 cattle and also from six drag-samples during the 12-month study period. Adult ticks were removed from the right hand side of each animal and all instars of ticks were placed in containers filled with 70% ethanol. Based on morphological traits, 10 tick species were identified: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (32.5%), R. evertsi evertsi (18.8%), R. appendiculatus (17.3%), Amblyomma hebraeum (16.3%), R. simus (7.7%), Ixodes pilosus (3.8%), Hyalomma rufipes (3.5%), R. follis (0.08%), Haemaphysalis elliptica (0.04%), H. silacea (0.02%). The southern African yellow dog tick, H. elliptica, was only found on vegetation. The agro-ecological zones differ significantly in tick species and their distribution. The A. hebraeum and R. evertsi evertsi counts were higher in Kowie Thicket (KT) during summer season (2.05 ± 0.01 and 1.00 ± 0.09, respectively) compared to Bedford Dry Grassland (BDG) and Bhisho Thornveld (BT) veld types. In all vegetation types, R. appendiculatus had higher counts in KT in spring (0.91 ± 0.08), summer (0.78 ± 0.08) and winter (0.78 ± 0.08). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus was more frequent in the BT (1.78 ± 0.11) during the summer season. BDG had lower tick infestation with R. evertsi evertsi being the most frequent species in summer. No H. rufipes was collected in the KT. Of epidemiological interest, R. (B.) microplus was absent in the study area which needs further investigation. Within the context of this study, we found agro-ecological differences and seasonal variations to have influence on tick species distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yawa
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - N Nyangiwe
- Dohne Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X15, Stutterheim, 4930, South Africa.
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - C T Kadzere
- Dohne Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X15, Stutterheim, 4930, South Africa
| | - T C Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - M C Marufu
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mabusela S, Nkukwana T, Mokoma M, Muchenje V. Layer performance, fatty acid profile and the quality of eggs from hens supplemented with Moringa oleifera whole seed meal. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Fayemi P, Muchenje V. Expression of ovine ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase 1, pH and colour of variety meats from head-stunned Dohne Merino sheep. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Stempa T, Muchenje V, Abrahams AM, Bradley G. Sex and breed affect plasma glucose, lactate, cortisol, meat quality but not muscle glycolytic potential of Dorper and Merino lambs. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Response to pre-slaughter stress differs depending on animal-related factors such as sex and breed. The present study investigated breed and sex effects on plasma stress indicators, muscle glycolytic potential and the quality of meat from 8-month-old lambs of Dorper (n = 52) and Merino (n = 48) breeds. Blood samples were collected at exsanguination for the measurement of glucose, lactate and cortisol levels. Representative meat samples were collected from the Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum for the measurement of glycogen, lactate, glycolytic potential levels, pH and colour coordinates. Results showed that the ewes had higher levels of plasma lactate, cortisol and meat pH than the rams, meaning that the ewes perceived the slaughter process to be more stressful compared with the rams. The Dorper also had higher levels of plasma lactate and lower meat lightness compared with the Merino breed. Significant sex and breed interactions on the meat pH45 min and colour coordinates were observed. Significant correlations were found among plasma cortisol, pH and colour. The results indicate that ewes and Dorper were more stressed than the rams and Merino breed respectively. In this study it can be concluded that the ewes and Dorper breed perceived the slaughter process to be more stressful compared with the rams and Merino breed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Katiyatiya CLF, Muchenje V. Hair coat characteristics and thermophysiological stress response of Nguni and Boran cows raised under hot environmental conditions. Int J Biometeorol 2017; 61:2183-2194. [PMID: 28849420 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breed, age, coat colour, month and temperature humidity index (THI) influence on body weight (W), body condition score (BCS), thermophysiological variables (rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Tsk)) and hair length was studied in Nguni (n = 19) and Boran (n = 16). As a result of this study, breed influenced W, BCS and Tsk on the neck and belly (P < 0.05). The BCS and W of Nguni cows were higher than the Boran cows. Hair length of both breeds increased from February to August. The THI influenced thermophysiological variables (P < 0.05). Increased Tr for both breeds was recorded in February and April, respectively (P < 0.05). Month influenced Tsk and June recorded lower values (P < 0.05). Younger cows (3-8 years) had lower weight and high Tr and Tsk (P < 0.05). Nguni cows had high neck and thurl temperatures in June while Boran cows had the highest in August (P < 0.05). Red, dun and white-black Boran cows had increased BCS. Nguni cows with red, fawn and white cows had high BCS. Fawn-coloured Nguni cows and white-brown Boran cows had the more weight than cows with other colours compared in the study. White-red Nguni and Boran cows recorded the highest Tr. For Nguni cows, neck and belly temperatures were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated to thurl temperature. Boran cows had significant (P < 0.001) correlations for THI and neck, belly and thurl temperatures. The current study found that Nguni cows were more adapted to the prevailing bioclimatic changes. However, Boran cows have the potential of performing well under heat stress conditions over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Republic of South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Republic of South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Mapholi NO, Maiwashe A, Matika O, Riggio V, Banga C, MacNeil MD, Muchenje V, Nephawe K, Dzama K. Genetic parameters for tick counts across months for different tick species and anatomical locations in South African Nguni cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1201-1210. [PMID: 28687941 PMCID: PMC5519660 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to characterise genetic parameters across months for different tick species and anatomical locations in South African Nguni cattle. Tick counts were conducted monthly, over a 2-year period, on 586 Nguni cattle under natural infestation, from four herds located in different provinces of South Africa. The counts were recorded for six species of ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus decoleratus and microplus (Boofilids), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Hyalomma marginatum) attached on eight anatomical locations on the animals and were summed by species and anatomical location. Heritability estimates, phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated on a monthly basis using mixed linear models, fitting univariate and bivariate sire models. Fixed effects considered were location, sex, year and age as a covariate. Tick counts were higher in the hot months, and A. hebraeum was the most dominant tick species. Heritability estimates for tick count varied by month and trait and ranged from 0 to 0.89. Genetic correlations were mostly positive, and low to high, with some negative correlations with high standard error. Phenotypic correlations were low to moderate. In general, high genetic correlations were observed between whole body count and the anatomical location counts, suggesting that it may not be necessary to conduct whole body counts. Counts from the belly and perineum appeared to be the most suitable surrogate traits for whole body count. These findings provide useful information for developing strategies for the practical implementation of genetic selection, as a supplement to the traditional tick control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N O Mapholi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - A Maiwashe
- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - O Matika
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Riggio
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Banga
- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa
| | - M D MacNeil
- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.,Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Road, Miles City, MT, 59301, USA
| | - V Muchenje
- University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice, South Africa
| | - K Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), P/Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - K Dzama
- Department of Animal Science, University of Stellenbosch, P Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Katiyatiya CLF, Bradley G, Muchenje V. Thermotolerance, health profile and cellular expression of HSP90AB1 in Nguni and Boran cows raised on natural pastures under tropical conditions. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:85-94. [PMID: 29037409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boran (n=15) and Nguni (n=15) cows were used in a study to determine the effect of breed, age and coat colour on the concentration of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90AB1), physiological rectal and skin temperature, and markers of health. The cows were exposed to summer heat stress and Boran cows had higher significant (P<0.05) skin temperature (35.1±0.42°C) as compared to the Nguni cows (36.0±0.38°C). Nguni cows had higher body thermal gradients than the Boran cows. Boran cows had thicker skin (P<0.05) and longer hairs (24.3±2.26mm) than their Nguni counterparts (20.2±2.00mm). The HSP90AB1 concentration was increased in Boran cows, although breed had no significant (P>0.05) influence. Significantly (P<0.05) high urea and total cholesterol was recorded in Boran cows. Coat colour had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the weight and rectal temperature of the study animals. Coat colour and age had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the concentration of HSP90AB1, although older cows (≥9 years) had higher concentrations (5.4±1.29ng/ml). Age had a significant (P<0.05) effect on packed cell volume, neutrophil/lymphocyte, urea, total protein and gamma-glutamyl transferase whereas cows with ≥9 years had more concentrations than young ones. Age significantly (P<0.05) influenced hair length, skin temperature and the thermal gradients. Breed was positively correlated (P<0.001) to coat colour, age, body condition score, weight and temperature humidity index while negatively correlated to urea and total cholesterol. It was concluded that Nguni cows were more adaptable to hot environments than the Boran cows as the latter were unable to balance thermal load between their bodies and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Republic of South Africa
| | - G Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Republic of South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Republic of South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rani Z, Hugo A, Hugo C, Vimiso P, Muchenje V. Effect of post-slaughter handling during distribution on microbiological quality and safety of meat in the formal and informal sectors of South Africa: A review. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Njisane Y, Muchenje V. Pre-slaughter effects on bleed-out times and some behavioural and physiological responses of Nguni and non-descript steers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Madzimure J, Chimonyo M, Hugo A, Bakare A, Katiyatiya C, Muchenje V. Physico-chemical quality attributes and fatty acid profiles of pork from Windsnyer and Large White gilts. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Falowo AB, Muchenje V, Hugo A, Aiyegoro OA, Fayemi PO. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera L. and Bidens pilosa L. leaf extracts and their effects on oxidative stability of ground raw beef during refrigeration storage. CyTA - Journal of Food 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1243587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Falowo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - V. Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - A. Hugo
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - O. A. Aiyegoro
- Agricultural Research Council – GI Microbiology and Biotechnology unit, Animal Production Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P. O. Fayemi
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Falowo AB, Muchenje V, Hugo CJ, Charimba G. In vitro antimicrobial activities of Bidens pilosa and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and their effects on ground beef quality during cold storage. CyTA - Journal of Food 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1162847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Falowo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - V. Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - C. J. Hugo
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - G. Charimba
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nyamakwere F, Muchenje V, Mushonga B, Makepe M, Mutero G. Assessment of Salmonella, Escherichia Coli, Enterobacteriaceae
and Aerobic Colony Counts Contamination Levels During the Beef Slaughter Process. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Nyamakwere
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science; University of Fort Hare; Alice South Africa
| | - V. Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science; University of Fort Hare; Alice South Africa
| | - B. Mushonga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Namibia; Windhoek Namibia
| | - M. Makepe
- Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform; Grahamstown South Africa
| | - G. Mutero
- Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform; Grahamstown South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nyamushamba GB, Mapiye C, Tada O, Halimani TE, Muchenje V. Conservation of indigenous cattle genetic resources in Southern Africa's smallholder areas: turning threats into opportunities - A review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:603-621. [PMID: 27004814 PMCID: PMC5411820 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on characterization and conservation efforts vital for the development of breeding programmes for indigenous beef cattle genetic resources in Southern Africa. Indigenous African cattle breeds were identified and characterized using information from refereed journals, conference papers and research reports. Results of this current review reviewed that smallholder beef cattle production in Southern Africa is extensive and dominated by indigenous beef cattle strains adaptable to the local environment. The breeds include Nguni, Mashona, Tuli, Malawi Zebu, Bovino de Tete, Angoni, Landim, Barotse, Twsana and Ankole. These breeds have important functions ranging from provision of food and income to socio-economic, cultural and ecological roles. They also have adaptive traits ranging from drought tolerant, resistance to ticks and tick borne diseases, heat tolerance and resistance to trypanosomosis. Stakeholders in the conservation of beef cattle were also identified and they included farmers, national government, research institutes and universities as well as breeding companies and societies in Southern Africa. Research efforts made to evaluate threats and opportunities of indigenous beef cattle production systems, assess the contribution of indigenous cattle to household food security and income, genetically and phenotypically characterize and conserve indigenous breeds, and develop breeding programs for smallholder beef production are highlighted. Although smallholder beef cattle production in the smallholder farming systems contributes substantially to household food security and income, their productivity is hindered by several constraints that include high prevalence of diseases and parasites, limited feed availability and poor marketing. The majority of the African cattle populations remain largely uncharacterized although most of the indigenous cattle breeds have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G B Nyamushamba
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - C Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - O Tada
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - T E Halimani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jama N, Maphosa V, Hoffman LC, Muchenje V. Effect of sex and time to slaughter (transportation and lairage duration) on the levels of cortisol, creatine kinase and subsequent relationship with pork quality. Meat Sci 2016; 116:43-9. [PMID: 26855163 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the effect of sex and time to slaughter on cortisol and creatine kinase levels, and pork quality in commercial crossbred pigs. Saliva samples were before collected transportation, on arrival at the abattoir, and after a 20 hour lairage period. Cortisol levels from saliva (SC), serum (SeC) and urine (UC) were determined. Creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined from serum samples. Fifteen boars vs. 15 gilts were immediately slaughtered on arrival (SOA), and the other 15 boars vs. 15 gilts were rested for 20 h before slaughter. Meat quality parameters were also determined. In both sexes, SC significantly increased in response to time to slaughter. There was a significant interaction of sex and time to slaughter on SeC. Gilts had higher CK levels and lower muscle L* values than boars. There were correlations among baseline SC, SeC, UC and most meat quality parameters. Time to slaughter influenced levels of SC, UC, CK and pork quality between boars and gilts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Jama
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - V Maphosa
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - L C Hoffman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Animal Sciences, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Nkukwana TT, Muchenje V, Masika PJ, Pieterse E, Hoffman LC, Dzama K. Proximate composition and variation in colour, drip loss and pH of breast meat from broilers supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal over time. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the breast meat proximate composition and quality indicators in relation to response of broilers to the following dietary treatments (T): positive control (+C; with 668 mg salinomycin and 500 mg zinc bacitracin per kg of feed); Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) was fed at a low level (ML; 1–5 g/kg feed, depending on growth stage), a medium level (MM, 3 times the low level) or a high level (MH, 5 times the low level); and a negative control (–C; without supplementation) for 35 days. At postmortem, the carcass weight, and breast muscle pH at 45 min (pH45) and 24 h (pH24) were recorded. At 36 h postmortem, breast muscles were excised, weighed and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C to measure pH, colour (CIE-L*, lightness; a*, redness; and b*, yellowness) and cumulative drip loss over eight consecutive days. Chroma (C*) and hue angle (h) were calculated. The –C had the highest (P > 0.05) dressing percentage and chilled carcass weight, and ML had the lowest. Breast meat fat and energy contents were highest (P < 0.05) in +C and MOLM supplemented diets, and lowest in -C. Dietary treatments had no effect on pH at postmortem and during storage over time. Cumulative drip loss increased with each day of storage, and it was highest (P < 0.05) in +C and lowest in MH. Dietary supplementation of MOLM significantly (P < 0.05) reduced lightness, but increased redness, yellowness, chroma and the hue angle during storage over time. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of M. oleifera leaf meal had positive effects on proximate composition and shelf-life quality indicators of broiler breast meat.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nkukwana T, Muchenje V, Masika P, Mushonga B. Intestinal morphology, digestive organ size and digesta pH of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with or without Moringa oleifera leaf meal. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v45i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Mapiye C, Vahmani P, Mlambo V, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Hoffman L, Dugan M. The trans-octadecenoic fatty acid profile of beef: Implications for global food and nutrition security. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
32
|
Katiyatiya CLF, Muchenje V, Mushunje A. Seasonal variation in coat characteristics, tick loads, cortisol levels, some physiological parameters and temperature humidity index on Nguni cows raised in low- and high-input farms. Int J Biometeorol 2015; 59:733-743. [PMID: 25172085 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in hair length, tick loads, cortisol levels, haematological parameters (HP) and temperature humidity index (THI) in Nguni cows of different colours raised in two low-input farms, and a commercial stud was determined. The sites were chosen based on their production systems, climatic characteristics and geographical locations. Zazulwana and Komga are low-input, humid-coastal areas, while Honeydale is a high-input, dry-inland Nguni stud farm. A total of 103 cows, grouped according to parity, location and coat colour, were used in the study. The effects of location, coat colour, hair length and season were used to determine tick loads on different body parts, cortisol levels and HP in blood from Nguni cows. Highest tick loads were recorded under the tail and the lowest on the head of each of the animals (P < 0.05). Zazulwana cows recorded the highest tick loads under the tails of all the cows used in the study from the three farms (P < 0.05). High tick loads were recorded for cows with long hairs. Hair lengths were longest during the winter season in the coastal areas of Zazulwana and Honeydale (P < 0.05). White and brown-white patched cows had significantly longer (P < 0.05) hair strands than those having a combination of red, black and white colour. Cortisol and THI were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in summer season. Red blood cells, haematoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volumes, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils were significantly different (P < 0.05) as some associated with age across all seasons and correlated to THI. It was concluded that the location, coat colour and season had effects on hair length, cortisol levels, THI, HP and tick loads on different body parts and heat stress in Nguni cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 57 00, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Musemwa L, Muchenje V, Mushunje A, Aghdasi F, Zhou L. Household food insecurity in the poorest province of South Africa: level, causes and coping strategies. Food Secur 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-015-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Mapfumo L, Muchenje V. Comparative changes in monthly blood urea nitrogen, total protein concentrations, and body condition scores of Nguni cows and heifers raised on sweetveld. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v45i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Mukumbo FE, Maphosa V, Hugo A, Nkukwana TT, Mabusela TP, Muchenje V. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on finisher pig growth performance, meat quality, shelf life and fatty acid composition of pork. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Maqhashu A, Mphaphathi ML, Muchenje V, Nedambale TL. 349 SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE AND EMBRYO QUALITY RECOVERED FOLLOWING FLUSHING NGUNI HEIFERS AND COWS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the South African indigenous cattle breeds are facing genetic degradation due to unselective crossbreeding and irregular matings especially in small scale farming. The aims of the study were to compare superovulatory (SO) response, fertilization rate and to evaluate embryo quality recovered from superovulated Nguni stud cows and heifers. Nguni stud cows (n = 15) and heifers (n = 10) aged 4–6 and 2 years, respectively, were used as embryo donors for ex situ conservation. Nine days following heat observation for the first oestrus synchronisation protocol, superstimulation of donor cows and heifers were administered with a total of 350 mg of FSH (Follotropin-V®, porcine pituitary glands extract) divided into 2 injections daily 12 h apart (6 a.m. and 6 p.m.) for 4.5 days on a decreasing dosage. Two injections of prostaglandin F2α were administered on Day 3 and 4 of FSH injections. Semen was collected from 2 Nguni bulls (bull 1 and 2) and assessed by computer aided sperm analysis before artificial insemination (AI). The AI was conducted with fresh semen 3 times, 12 h apart, and the first AI was performed at the onset of oestrus. Semen from bull 1 was used to inseminate the cows, and bull 2 was used for heifers. Embryos were flushed 7 days after AI using a nonsurgical technique. Embryos were evaluated under stereo microscope and classified according to IETS standard codes (code 1, good and excellent; code 2, fair). Recovered embryos were then vitrified and stored for future use. Superovulatory response was measured by counting number of corpus lutea in each ovary. Data were analysed using 1-way ANOVA (SAS, 2003, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was no statistical difference between bull 1 (93.7%) and bull 2 (83.5%) on total sperm motility rate. Furthermore, no significant differences were recorded on fertilization rate between cows (67.5%) and heifers (53.5%). There was also no significant difference on the proportion of Nguni cows (40%) and heifers (40%) that responded to superovulation treatment. There was a significant difference on the ovary reaction (number of corpus lutea) of cows (11.3 ± 1.41) and heifers (4.0 ± 0.57). There were no significant differences recorded on the embryo quality recovered between Nguni cows (code 1, 2.5 ± 1.00; code 2, 1.3 ± 0.59) and heifers (code 1, 0.8 ± 0.41; code 2, 1.0 ± 0.36). However, cows had higher numbers of unfertilized ova than heifers (5.5 ± 1.05 and 1.8 ± 0.47, respectively) and degenerate embryos (3.7 ± 1.00 and 1.3 ± 0.39, respectively). Although superovulatory response of both Nguni cows and heifers was low, Nguni cows had higher ovarian response than heifers. Moreover, the quality of embryos recovered was similar for both Nguni cows and heifers.
Collapse
|
37
|
Katiyatiya CLF, Muchenje V, Mushunje A. Farmers' perceptions and knowledge of cattle adaptation to heat stress and tick resistance in the eastern cape, South Africa. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1663-70. [PMID: 25358328 PMCID: PMC4213713 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions and knowledge of farmers of heat stress and tick resistance in cattle. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and 110 farmers in four villages in the sour and sweet velds of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were interviewed. The associations among area (municipality), gender, age, level of education, employment and religion were computed using Chi-square tests. The majority of the respondents had on average 4 bulls, 4 cows, 4 heifers, 4 calves, and 4 oxen. Milk was considered as the major (28.3%) reason for keeping cattle. Most farmers owned non-descript (72.6%), and Nguni (45.3%) cattle because of their heat tolerance (54.7%), tick resistance (54.7%), and milking ability (28.2%) traits. Excessive panting (56.6%) and disease transmission (76%) were regarded as the major effects of heat stress and tick infestation in cattle, respectively. About 50% of the respondents agreed that hair length influences tick resistance and 47.17% considered coat colour when acquiring cattle. In the sampled areas, ticks were prevalent in the summer season (93%), and 77.36% of the respondents use acaricides every fortnight. Gall sickness was reported to be a major problem in the cattle herds by 36.79% of the respondents. Our results showed that farmers in the two municipalities had knowledge of cattle adaptation to heat stress and tick resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A Mushunje
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nkukwana TT, Muchenje V, Masika PJ, Hoffman LC, Dzama K. The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Mpakama T, Chulayo AY, Muchenje V. Bruising in slaughter cattle and its relationship with creatine kinase levels and beef quality as affected by animal related factors. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:717-25. [PMID: 25050007 PMCID: PMC4093197 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of animal related factors on bruising in slaughter cattle, creatine kinase (CK) and beef quality. Three hundred and twenty one cattle from three breeds (108 Bonsmara, 130 Beefmaster and 83 Brahman) were used in this study. The animals were grouped as follows: Group 1 (16 months old), Group 2 (18 months old) and Group 3 (24 months old). At exsanguinations, blood samples for CK determination were collected using disposable vacutainer tubes. Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) was collected 24 h after slaughter to determine the colour (L*, a*, and b*) and ultimate pH (pHu) of beef. Breed, sex and age had significant effects (p<0.05) on bruising score, CK levels and beef quality. Bonsmara breed had the highest (80%) bruising score percentage, CK (705.3±80.57 U/L) and pHu (6.3±0.05) values while the Bonsmara had the highest L* (24.8±0.78) a* (17.5±0.53) and b* (12.8±0.53) values. Higher CK levels were also observed in winter compared to summer, spring and autumn respectively. Therefore, animal factors (sex, breed and animal age at slaughter) contribute to the development of bruises and have an effect on the levels of CK and meat quality. It was also concluded that there is no significant relationship between meat parameters (L,* a*, and b*) and CK levels.
Collapse
|
40
|
Moyo B, Masika PJ, Muchenje V. Effect of feeding Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal on the physico-chemical characteristics and sensory properties of goat meat. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Nkukwana T, Muchenje V, Pieterse E, Masika P, Mabusela T, Hoffman L, Dzama K. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, digestive organ size and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
42
|
Chulayo AY, Muchenje V. Effect of pre-slaughter conditions on physico-chemical characteristics of mutton from three sheep breeds slaughtered at a smallholder rural abattoir. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Wapi C, Nkukwana TT, Hoffman LC, Dzama K, Pieterse E, Mabusela T, Muchenje V. Physico-chemical shelf-life indicators of meat from broilers given Moringa oleifera leaf meal. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
Nantapo CTW, Muchenje V. Winter and spring variation in daily milk yield and mineral composition of Jersey, Friesian cows and their crosses under a pasture-based dairy system. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Njisane YZ, Muchenje V. Quantifying avoidance-related behaviour and bleeding times of sheep of different ages, sex and breeds slaughtered at a municipal and a commercial abattoirs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
Chulayo AY, Muchenje V. The Effects of Pre-slaughter Stress and Season on the Activity of Plasma Creatine Kinase and Mutton Quality from Different Sheep Breeds Slaughtered at a Smallholder Abattoir. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013; 26:1762-72. [PMID: 25049767 PMCID: PMC4092882 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of pre-slaughter stress, season and breed on the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and the quality of mutton. One hundred and seventy-three (173) castrated sheep from Dormer (DM), South African Mutton Merino (SAMM), Dorper (DP) and Blackhead Persian (BP) sheep breeds were used in the study. The animals were grouped according to age-groups as follows: Group 1 (6 to 8 months), Group 2 (9 to 12 months) and Group 3 (13 to 16 months). Blood samples were collected during exsanguinations using disposable vacutainer tubes for CK analysis. Representative samples of the Muscularis longissimuss thoracis et. lumborum (LTL) were collected from 84 castrated sheep, of different breeds (28 per breed) 24 h after slaughter. The following physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were determined; meat pH (pH24), color (L*, a* and b*), thawing and cooking losses and Warner Braztler Shear Force (WBSF). The activity of plasma CK was significantly higher (p<0.001) in summer (1,026.3±105.06) and lower in winter (723.3±77.75). There were higher values for L* (33.7±0.94), b* (11.5±0.48) and WBSF (29.5±1.46) in summer season than in winter season; L* (29.4±0.64), b* (10.2±0.33) and WBSF (21.2±0.99). The activity of plasma CK was influenced by the type of breed with Dormer having the highest (p>0.001) levels (1,358.6±191.08) of CK. South African Mutton Merino had higher values for pH24 (5.9±0.06), L* (34.2±0.97), b* (12.2±0.50) and WBSF (26.8±1.51) and Blackhead Persian had higher values (35.5±2.17) for cooking loss (CL%) than the other breeds. Computed Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on the activity of plasma CK and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton revealed no correlations between these variables. However, positive correlations were observed between pH24, L*, a*, b*, CL% and WBSF. Relationships between pre-slaughter stress, CK activity and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were also observed. It was therefore concluded that although mutton quality and creatine kinase were not related, pre-slaughter stress, season and breed affected the activity of creatine kinase and mutton quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Chulayo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700,
South Africa
| | - V. Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700,
South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nantapo CTW, Muchenje V, Hugo A. Atherogenicity index and health-related fatty acids in different stages of lactation from Friesian, Jersey and Friesian×Jersey cross cow milk under a pasture-based dairy system. Food Chem 2013; 146:127-33. [PMID: 24176323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of stage of lactation on the fatty acid profiles of milk from Friesian, Jersey and Friesian×Jersey cows. Linoleic acid in pastures was highest in the second phase which coincided with mid-lactation days (p<0.05). Highest milk moisture content and lowest fat free dry matter content was seen in early lactation (p<0.05). Higher fat content was observed in late lactation than early lactation. Highest butyric, caproic, linoleic, omega-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed for milk from Friesian cows. Highest conjugated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6, and omega-3 were observed in early lactation. Atherogenicity index and desaturase activity indices were highest in late lactation. In conclusion, stage of lactation and genotype affected milk health-related fatty acid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T W Nantapo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nkukwana TT, Muchenje V, Masika PJ, Hoffman LC, Dzama K, Descalzo AM. Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of breast meat from broiler chickens supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal over a period of refrigeration. Food Chem 2013; 142:255-61. [PMID: 24001839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of diets supplemented with or without Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat during refrigerated storage was determined. Dietary treatments (T) were as follows: T1, positive control, 668g/ton Salinomycin and 500g/ton Albac; T2, T3 and T4 contained graded levels of MOLM at 1%, 3% and 5% of dry matter (DM) intake, respectively; and T5, a negative control (0% additives). Oxidative stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on day (D) 1-8 of storage at 4°C; and FA analysis was done on samples obtained on D1 and D8. Significant effects on TBARS were noted on day (D) 1, 3, 4 and 7; increased with increasing storage time, and with increase in MOLM supplementation. Highest (P<0.05) C18:0 and C15:0 levels were noted on D1 in T2; C20:0 in T4 on D8; C20:2, C20:3n6 and C22:6n3 in T2; C18:3n6 and P/S ratio in T4 on D1; and n-3 in T3. Thus, despite the high SFA content, additive supplementation of M. oleifera leaf meal up to 5% of the bird's DMI improved the FA profile and reduced lipid oxidation in broiler breast meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Nkukwana
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tada O, Muchenje V, Dzama K. Short communication: Effective population size and inbreeding rate of indigenous Nguni cattle under in situ conservation in the low-input communal production system. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
50
|
Gajana CS, Nkukwana TT, Marume U, Muchenje V. Effects of transportation time, distance, stocking density, temperature and lairage time on incidences of pale soft exudative (PSE) and the physico-chemical characteristics of pork. Meat Sci 2013; 95:520-5. [PMID: 23793088 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the effects of transportation time, distance, stocking density, temperature and lairage time on incidences of PSE and pork quality. Frequencies of PSE cases in stocking density categories within transport duration classes were determined. General linear models, regression and the principal component (PC) analysis were used to analyse the data. Highest incidences of PSE were recorded in autumn season while lowest incidences were recorded in the spring season. Transportation time and stocking density significantly affected pHu and ultimately PSE incidences although there were no interactive effects. Highest risks of PSE occurrence were observed with more space allowance. The highest incidences of PSE were observed for animals that had travelled for two hours while the PSE cases were lower in animals that travelled for longer times. Distance travelled and transportation time had significant effects (P<0.05) on thawing loss (TL) % of pork. No relationships were reported between the other pre-slaughter variables and pork quality attributes. With the exception of transportation time and distance travelled which had a positive relationship with TL%, variation in other pre-slaughter variables did not affect meat quality variables. The risks of PSE occurrence were dependent on stocking density and transportation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Gajana
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|