1
|
Mokoena NZ, Steyn H, Hugo A, Dix-Peek T, Dickens C, Gcilitshana OMN, Sebolai O, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Eicosapentaenoic acid influences the pathogenesis of Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans via inhibition of hyphal formation and stimulation of the host immune response. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:349-368. [PMID: 37672050 PMCID: PMC10501937 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This fatty acid also exhibits antifungal properties in vitro. In order to determine if this antifungal property is valid in vivo, we examined how EPA affects Candida albicans pathogenesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, an alternative to mammalian host models. The nematodes were supplemented with EPA prior to infection, and the influence of EPA on C. elegans lipid metabolism, survival and immune response was studied. In addition, the influence of EPA on hyphal formation in C. albicans was investigated. It was discovered that EPA supplementation changed the lipid composition, but not the unsaturation index of C. elegans by regulating genes involved in fatty acid and eicosanoid production. EPA supplementation also delayed killing of C. elegans by C. albicans due to the inhibition of hyphal formation in vivo, via the action of the eicosanoid metabolite of EPA, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Moreover, EPA supplementation also caused differential expression of biofilm-related gene expression in C. albicans and stimulated the immune response of C. elegans. This provides a link between EPA and host susceptibility to microbial infection in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Z Mokoena
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H Steyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - T Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Dickens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O M N Gcilitshana
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - O Sebolai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J Albertyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - C H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Wyngaard BE, Strydom PE, Hugo A. A South African beef quality survey. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109109. [PMID: 36702065 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study a survey of various meat quality characteristics of beef loin cuts was conducted in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Gauteng Province of South Africa) to determine the variation and consistency of beef quality of products purchased over time. Four hundred and twenty beef loin samples were collected on 20 occasions over 308 days from 13 outlets of 2 supplier types (butcher and supermarket). Packaging type, label information and price were considered for the evaluation of meat tenderness, colour, cooking loss, tissue composition and steak thickness. The results demonstrate that large variation in characteristics relevant to consumers' choice and satisfaction among and within different products sold as porterhouse steak in South Africa. In particular, muscle tenderness varied (P < 0.0001) across the 20 products and also showed significant inconsistency over the 20 purchasing events for certain products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E van Wyngaard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Free-State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - P E Strydom
- Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa..
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Free-State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akinmoladun OF, Fon FN, Mpendulo CT, Hugo A, Falowo AB, Nantapo CTW. Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability of lipids and sensory attributes of water restricted Xhosa goat meat supplemented with vitamin C. Anim Prod Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Water scarcity often accompanied by limited water intake (WI) in livestock may result in pre-slaughter stress, thereby affecting meat quality parameters.
Aims
This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C (VC) supplementations on fatty acid (FA), lipids oxidation and sensory attributes of Longissimus lumborum muscles of Xhosa goats subjected to different watering regimen.
Methods
In total, 42 goats were randomly assigned into seven treatments: without water restriction, WR (W0, control); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI (W70); WR of 50% ad libitum WI (W50); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI+3gVC daily (W70+); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI intake+3gVC daily (W50+); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI+3gVC and extra 5gVC given every 8 days (W70++); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI+3gVC and extra 5gVC given every 8 days (W50++). The goats were fed for 75 days and killed following standard procedures. Bodyweight changes, thaw loss, ultimate pH (pHu), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), moisture and fat content, sensory attributes and FA profile of the meat were evaluated.
Key results
Results indicated that the decreased final weight in the untreated groups (W70 and W50) was reduced (P>0.05) in the treated groups (W70+, W50+, W70++, W50++). The treatment effect was not significant (P>0.05) on pHu, thaw loss and TBARS values. The moisture and fat content in the water-restricted groups were lower (P<0.05) than in W0. The meat sensory appearance was affected (P<0.05) by WR. Regardless of VC concentration, vaccenic and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P<0.05), while linolenic acid decreased as the WR levels increased.
Conclusions
WR of 70% and 50% of ad libitum WI, with or without VC, did not negatively affect the meat’s lipid oxidation and FA profile.
Implications
Limited WI reduces body weight. However, a daily dose of VC could help reduce body weight loss during water scarcity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Cold-pressed seed oil from twelve commercially produced cactus pear cultivars was assessed for oil yield, fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, quality and stability. Large differences in oil content, fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties (IV, PV, RI, tocopherols, ORAC, % FFA, OSI and induction time) were observed. Oil content ranged between 2.51% and 5.96% (Meyers and American Giant). The important fatty acids detected were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1c9 and C18:2c9,12, with C18:2c9,12, the dominating fatty acid, ranging from 58.56-65.73%, followed by C18:1c9, ranging between 13.18-16.07%, C16:0, which ranged between 10.97 - 15.07% and C18:0, which ranged between 2.62-3.18%. Other fatty acids such as C14:0, C16:1c9, C17:0, C17:1c10, C20:0, C18:3c9,12,15 and C20:3c8,11,14 were detected in small amounts. The quality parameters of the oils were strongly influenced by oil content, fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties. Oil content, PV, % FFA, RI, IV, tocopherols, ORAC and ρ-anisidine value were negatively correlated with OSI. C18:0; C18:1c9; C18:2c9,12; MUFA; PUFA; n-6 and PUFA/SFA were also negatively correlated with OSI. Among all the cultivars, American Giant was identified as the paramount cultivar with good quality traits (oil content and oxidative stability).
Collapse
|
5
|
Macdonald J, Einkamerer O, Hugo A, Lepori A, Josling G, Fair M. Effects of fibre source on nutrient digestibility of diets for finishing lambs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v51i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive fibre sources might be used as an alternative to lucerne hay in diets for finishing lambs. Thus, effects of providing fibre from lucerne hay (LH), soyhulls (SH), maize stover (MS) and Eragrostis teff hay (ET) on the nutrient digestibility of diets of finishing lambs with comparable NDF and nutrient concentration were evaluated. Thirty-six individually housed Merino ram lambs (x̄ = 43.03, SD = 3.72 kg) were randomly allocated to four diets (n = 9 lambs/treatment). A digestibility study was conducted to determine the nutrient availability of these diets. Dry matter (DM) intake of SH (1436 g) was lower than ET (1716 g). No differences were recorded between treatments for digestibility of NDF (0.32 - 0.34), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (0.41 - 0.44), and ether extract (EE) (0.67 - 0.75), except that MS (0.23) had lower NDF digestibility. Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were similar for the LH (0.72; 0.75; 0.96) and SH (0.70; 0.74; 0.95) diets, whereas digestibility of crude protein (CP) (0.71 vs. 0.68), metabolizable energy (ME) (9.49 vs. 8.90 MJ/kg DM), and the available ash fraction (0.39 vs. 0.28) were altered. The SH and ET (8.70 MJ/kg DM) treatments had similar ME concentrations, but ET had lower DM digestibility (0.68). The MS treatment had the lowest ME concentration (8.25 MJ/kg DM). The LH treatment resulted in overall better nutrient availability compared with SH, MS, and ET.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marume U, Mokagane JM, Shole CO, Hugo A. Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diets elicit nutraceutical effects on egg production, egg quality, and physiological characteristics in layer hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3038-3046. [PMID: 32475440 PMCID: PMC7597658 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diet on egg production, egg quality, and physiological parameters in layer hens. A total of 72 White Leghorn point-of-lay hens at 18 wk were used for the study. The hens were randomly allocated to following 3 dietary treatments: 1) commercial layer diet (control), 2) commercial diet + 1 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (1gCL), and 3) commercial diet + 2 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (2gCL). Each treatment was replicated 8 times arranged in completely randomized design. From the results, an increase in total weight gain, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain was observed with inclusion of the C. lanatus essential oil. In addition, the inclusion of C. lanatus in diet improved the egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hens fed C. lanatus-containing diets had higher egg mass (1gCL, 53.35 g ± 0.71; 2gCL, 53.99 ± 0.71 g) compared with the control (52.90 ± 0.71). The C. lanatus containing diets also had lower FCR than the control (1gCL [2.18 ± 0.22] and 2gCL [2.16 ± 0.22] vs. control [2.20 ± 0.71]). With regards to egg quality parameters, inclusion of C. lanatus oil appeared to reduce shell weight and shell ratio, while increasing albumen height and Haugh unit. Diets containing C. lanatus had significantly higher amounts of stearic acid, and linoleic acid was highest (P < 0.05) in the 2gCL fed hens. Birds fed the 2gCL diet (15.29 ± 0.60) had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids (14.81 ± 0.59) and also had the highest n-6/n-3 ratio. An increase hematological values was observed with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. Moreover, tibia bone parameters were also significantly improved with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. It can be concluded that C. lanatus essential oil positively affected egg production, and quality and health of layer hens can be used successfully as a natural feed additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Marume
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - J M Mokagane
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - C O Shole
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of Free State 9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Feeding systems and other factors associated with processing influence meat quality, and therefore sensory attributes. This study was conducted to assess the meat quality attributes of young grain-fed and older grass-fed steers that mostly affect consumer acceptability of beef. Eighty Bonsmara steers consisting of 20 each of A-age (0-tooth) grain-fed (AC) and grain-fed supplemented with zilpaterol (AZ), 20 each of grass-fed AB (1-2 teeth) and B-age (3 - 6 teeth) animals were used. This combination represented the typical feeding systems of South Africa and other countries using similar classification systems, therefore describes the typical feeding systems of the South African beef industry. The longissimus lumborum (LL), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were tested for colour, moisture properties, lipid oxidation and sensory attributes. It was found that diet in combination with animal age influenced meat colour. Muscles of the older grass-fed steers were generally darker and duller (darker red) compared to muscles of young grain-fed animals. Moisture loss was consistently higher in zilpaterol supplemented meat samples compared to the feedlot controls, while muscles of the grass-fed animals had lower moisture loss. A sensory panel clearly distinguished between cuts of grain-fed (AZ and AC) and grass-fed carcasses (AB and B) on the grounds of flavour characteristic. The AB and B cuts scored higher for grassy, animal-like and rancid flavour overtones and lower for roasted flavour and sourness than AZ and AC grain-fed cuts. This indicated that typical flavours related to diet define expected eating quality.
Keywords: age, grain, grass, meat quality, zilpaterol
Collapse
|
8
|
Josling GC, Hugo A, Fair MD, de Witt FH. Long term effect of dietary lipid saturation on eggshell quality and bone characteristics of laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3593-3601. [PMID: 30895320 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the long-term effect of dietary fatty acid saturation on eggshell quality and bone characteristics of laying hens at end of lay. Five isoenergetic (3,011.5 kcal AME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (169 g CP/kg DM) diets were formulated using different lipid sources at a constant 30 g/kg inclusion level. The control, polyunsaturated omega-3 (PUFA n-3), polyunsaturated omega-6 (PUFA n-6), monounsaturated omega-9 (MUFA n-9), and saturated fatty acid (SFA) diets consisted of linseed- and fish oil (50:50 blend), fish oil, sunflower oil, high oleic acid sunflower oil, and tallow, respectively. A total of 200 individually caged Hy-Line Silver-Brown hens (20 wk of age) were randomly allocated to the 5 treatments (n = 40 replicates/treatment) and received the experimental diets for 54 wk. During weeks 58, 62, 66, 70, and 74 of age (end-of-lay period), 20 eggs/treatment per day (n = 140 eggs/treatment per week) were selected for determining eggshell quality traits. At 74 wk of age, 10 birds per treatment (n = 10 birds/treatment) were randomly selected for the determination of bone quality characteristics. Data were statistically analyzed (P < 0.05) using a fully randomized 1-way ANOVA. Dietary treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on eggshell quality traits. The MUFA n-9 treatment with the highest unsaturated to SFA ratio (UFA: SFA) resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) femur weight (10.34 g) as well as femur- (52.99%) and tibia ash (51.07%) content than the SFA treatment. Also, the PUFA n-3 diet resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) femur weight (10.21 g), femur ash (51.82%), and percentage femur (0.57%) compared to the SFA diet. Results suggested that prolonged feeding of diets varying in FA profile had no negative effect on eggshell quality, whereas UFA: SFA and long-chain n-3 PUFA affected the bone quality (especially the femur) of hens at the end of lay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Josling
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M D Fair
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - F H de Witt
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sebola N, Mlambo V, Mokoboki H, Hugo A, Muchenje V. Comparison of meat quality parameters in three chicken strains fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal-based diets. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Kosek E, Finn A, Ultenius C, Hugo A, Svensson C, Ahmed A. Differences in neuroimmune signalling between male and female patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Simões M, Hugo A, Alves P, Pérez P, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Simões P. Long term stability and interaction with epithelial cells of freeze-dried pH-responsive liposomes functionalized with cholesterol-poly(acrylic acid). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Moholisa E, Strydom P, Hugo A. The effect of beef production system on proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three beef muscles. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Mokotedi N, Leeuw K, Marume U, Hugo A. Meat quality of weaner steers adapted to a diet containing potassium humate in the feedlot. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v48i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Cluff M, Kobane I, Bothma C, Hugo C, Hugo A. Intermediate added salt levels as sodium reduction strategy: Effects on chemical, microbial, textural and sensory quality of polony. Meat Sci 2017; 133:143-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Huchzermeyer KDA, Woodborne S, Osthoff G, Hugo A, Hoffman AC, Kaiser H, Steyl JCA, Myburgh JG. Pansteatitis in polluted Olifants River impoundments: nutritional perspectives on fish in a eutrophic lake, Lake Loskop, South Africa. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1665-1680. [PMID: 28493486 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the aetiology of pansteatitis in Lake Loskop, relative to two other impoundments along the Olifants River. Macroscopic and microscopic pathology, age determination and analysis of stomach content, fatty acids and stable isotopes explain the high prevalence of pansteatitis in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and several other species in Lake Loskop. All the dietary indicator comparisons between pansteatitis-affected and healthy fish fail to support a systemic cause. Pansteatitis in Lake Loskop was linked to size and weight of O. mossambicus, but not to ontogenic age. Fish in Lake Loskop showed abnormally high omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratios normally only found in marine fish with no significant difference in degree of assimilation of these fatty acids between pansteatitis-affected and healthy fish. This explains the vulnerability to, but not the occurrence of, pansteatitis. As a cause for the pansteatitis, these results point towards sporadic vitamin E-depleting trigger events, known sporadic fish die-off occurrences that provide surviving fish with a rich source of rancid fats on which to scavenge. The mechanism ties pansteatitis to eutrophication and trophic cascade effects, the intrinsic drivers of the disease and suggests an adaptive management strategy that might be applied by relevant conservation authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K D A Huchzermeyer
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - S Woodborne
- iThemba LABS, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G Osthoff
- Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A C Hoffman
- Scientific Services, Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - H Kaiser
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - J C A Steyl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - J G Myburgh
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quintana G, Simões M, Hugo A, Alves P, Ferreira P, Gerbino E, Simões P, Gómez-Zavaglia A. Layer-by-layer encapsulation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus using block-copolymers of poly(acrylic acid) and pluronic for safe release in gastro-intestinal conditions. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
17
|
Dabrowski J, Oberholster P, Steyl J, Osthoff G, Hugo A, Power DM, van Wyk JH. Thyroid function of steatitis-affected Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus from a sub-tropical African reservoir. Dis Aquat Organ 2017; 125:101-113. [PMID: 28737156 DOI: 10.3354/dao03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid function and nutritional indicators were measured in obese, steatitis-affected Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus from Loskop Reservoir (LR), South Africa. Plasma thyroid hormones (especially T3) and thyroid follicle histomorphology revealed high levels of activity in every aspect of the thyroid cascade measured in fish from LR compared to a reference population of steatitis-free fish. Concurrent measurements of nutritional state including plasma lipids, liver lipid content and hepatocyte size showed that fish from LR had significant energy stores indicative of abundant nutritional intake. There were distinct sex and seasonal differences, with the highest plasma lipids and T3 levels observed in steatitis-affected females during spring and summer. Positive correlations were observed between plasma lipids (especially cholesterol) and T3 concentrations in fish from both populations, indicating a link between lipid metabolism and thyroid function. There was no direct evidence of thyroid disruption, but this cannot be ruled out until further research determines the factors that underlie the homeostatic shift leading to elevated plasma and liver lipids and T3 levels in steatitis-affected tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dabrowski
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Private Bag x6531, George 6530, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rani Z, Hugo A, Hugo C, Vimiso P, Muchenje V. Effect of post-slaughter handling during distribution on microbiological quality and safety of meat in the formal and informal sectors of South Africa: A review. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
19
|
Madzimure J, Chimonyo M, Hugo A, Bakare A, Katiyatiya C, Muchenje V. Physico-chemical quality attributes and fatty acid profiles of pork from Windsnyer and Large White gilts. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Osthoff G, Hugo A, Madende M, Deacon F, Nel P. Milk composition of free-ranging red hartebeest, giraffe, Southern reedbuck and warthog and a phylogenetic comparison of the milk of African Artiodactyla. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Falowo AB, Muchenje V, Hugo A, Aiyegoro OA, Fayemi PO. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera L. and Bidens pilosa L. leaf extracts and their effects on oxidative stability of ground raw beef during refrigeration storage. CyTA - Journal of Food 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1243587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Falowo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - V. Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - A. Hugo
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - O. A. Aiyegoro
- Agricultural Research Council – GI Microbiology and Biotechnology unit, Animal Production Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P. O. Fayemi
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramos-Morales E, McKain N, Gawad R, Hugo A, Wallace R. Vernonia galamensis and vernolic acid inhibit fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Van der Walt KE, Einkamerer OB, Van der Merwe HJ, Hugo A, Slippers SC, Fair MD. The effect of dietary lipid saturation and antioxidant type on the performance of finishing lambs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect on production performance of a synthetic or natural antioxidant and lipid saturation in the finishing diets of lambs was investigated. The four dietary treatments consisted of the same basal diet (187 g CP, 355 g NDF, and 71 g EE per kg DM), differing only in regard to the supplemental lipid source (30 g/kg of either saturated beef tallow or unsaturated soybean oil) and type of antioxidant (125 g/ton of either a synthetic or natural antioxidant) included, in a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment. Eighty-four S.A. Mutton Merino lambs (27.64 ± 1.72 kg) were randomly allocated to the four dietary treatments (n = 21 lambs per treatment) and subdivided into 7 replicates per treatment (n = 3 lambs per replicate). After a dietary adaptation period of 8 days, all lambs received the respective experimental diets for the remaining period (41 days). The average daily DM feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency was calculated accordingly. No significant differences in DMI, ADG and the efficiency with which ingested feed were utilized (FCR), were recorded for the treatments. However, the addition of unsaturated soybean oil to the diet significantly increased the efficiency with which the ME of the diet was utilized. In contrast with the natural antioxidant, the inclusion of unsaturated soybean oil in the diet containing a synthetic antioxidant, resulted in a significant lower MEI by the lambs – indicating that a lipid x antioxidant interaction occurred. Results of the present study seem to indicate that dietary lipid saturation in the finishing diets of lambs had no influence on their growth performance. However, a more efficient utilisation of ME in the finishing diet containing unsaturated soybean oil, compared to the saturated beef tallow, did occur.Keywords: Fatty acid, flavonoid, metabolizable energy, oil, production, sheep, soybean, tallow
Collapse
|
24
|
Olubowale OS, De Witt FH, Greyling JPC, Hugo A, Jooste AM, Raito MB. The effect of dietary lipid sources on layer fertility and hatchability. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acids (FA) on the fertility and hatchability of laying hens at the end-of-lay period (69 - 77 weeks of age). Five isoenergetic (12.4 MJ ME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (170 g CP/kg DM) diets were formulated using different lipid sources (30 g/kg inclusion) to manipulate the dietary FA profile. The control diet was formulated using a 50 : 50 blend of linseed and fish oil, while fish oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-3 treatment. Sunflower oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-6 treatment, while in the mono-unsaturated n-9 diet high oleic acid (HO) sunflower oil was used. Lastly, tallow was used as a lipid source in the saturated FA diet. One hundred and twenty five hens (n = 25/treatment) and 50 cockerels (n = 10/treatment) of the Hy-Line Silver-Brown genotype were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments at 20 weeks of age. From 69 weeks of age, hens were inseminated with 0.06 mL undiluted semen from cockerels within the same dietary treatment. Between 71 and 78 weeks of age (49 days) a total of 588 eggs-per-treatment were collected, individually marked (date and hen number) and incubated in a single-stage still-air incubator. Eggs were candled on D7 and D14 to determine embryonic mortalities and a 24 h window for hatching was allowed (D21 + 24 h). Although the fish oil treatment resulted in the lowest egg weights (59.3 g) and fertility (84.6%), it recorded the highest hatchability (76%). In contrast, the sunflower oil treatment recorded the lowest hatchability (58.2%) of all treatments, despite its high egg fertility (89.6%). Results of the study suggest that the dietary fatty acid content, in particular the n-3 and n-6 levels, need critical consideration in terms of concentration and ratio in the formulation of breeder diets to limit embryonic mortalities during incubation.Keywords: Chicks, embryo, mortality, mono-, polyunsaturated fatty acids
Collapse
|
25
|
Mukumbo FE, Maphosa V, Hugo A, Nkukwana TT, Mabusela TP, Muchenje V. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on finisher pig growth performance, meat quality, shelf life and fatty acid composition of pork. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Pienaar G, Einkamerer O, Van der Merwe H, Hugo A, Fair M. The effect of an active live yeast product on the digestibility of finishing diets for lambs. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Madhi S, Cutland C, Jones S, Hugo A, Treurnicht F, Kuwanda L, Klugman K, Ortiz J, Neuzil K, Simoes EF, Venter M, Weinberg A, Nunes M. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial on safety and efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccination of pregnant women in preventing illness in their infants. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
28
|
Bothma C, Hugo A, Osthoff G, Joubert CC, Swarts JC, de Kock HL. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on the technological quality of backfat of pigs. Meat Sci 2014; 97:277-86. [PMID: 24642113 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pigs were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Compared to controls, backfat from CLA fed pigs was firmer and extracted lipid contained increasing amounts of CLA, but a ±11% overall decrease in unsaturated fatty acids and a ±5% overall increase in each of C16:0 and C18:0 saturated fatty acids were noted. This resulted in a change in the melting properties of fat. The onset setting temperature increased from ±14°C to ±18°C for lipid of backfat of pigs from the 0.25 and 0.5% CLA supplementation groups, and to ±26°C for lipid from the 1% CLA supplementation group. The final melting temperatures increased from ±37°C to ±43°C and ±45°C, respectively. The presence of β'-crystals of C18:0-C16:0-C18:1c9 triacylglycerides in fat from CLA fed pigs and β-crystals in fat from 1% CLA fed pigs was observed. Fatty acid and melting point results explained the improvement in the technological quality of backfat as a result of dietary CLA supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bothma
- Food Science Division, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Food Science Division, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - G Osthoff
- Food Science Division, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - C C Joubert
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J C Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H L de Kock
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Booyens KE, Einkamerer OB, Van der Merwe HJ, Hugo A, Slippers SC, Fair MD. The effect of dietary lipid saturation and antioxidant source on the nutrient digestibility of lamb finishing diets. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Buitendach GC, De Witt FH, Hugo A, Van der Merwe HJ, Fair MD. Effect of dietary fatty acid saturation on egg production at end-of-lay. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Du Toit AN, Einkamerer OB, Hugo A, Van der Merwe HJ, Fair MD. The effect of dietary lipid saturation and monensin-Na on the CLA content of lambs’ meat. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v43i5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Huchzermeyer KDA, Osthoff G, Hugo A, Govender D. Comparison of the lipid properties of healthy and pansteatitis-affected African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), and the role of diet in pansteatitis outbreaks in the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:897-909. [PMID: 23634747 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pansteatitis has been identified in wild populations of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), and Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, inhabiting the same waters in the Olifants River Gorge in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Mesenteric and pectoral fat tissue was investigated microscopically and by fatty acid analysis in healthy and pansteatitis-affected catfish from both captive and wild populations. Variation in fatty acid composition between pectoral and mesenteric fat was noted. Composition of mesenteric fat differed between fish from various localities as a result of differences in diet. Pansteatitis in the captive population, resulting from ingestion of high amounts of dietary oxidized fat, reflected higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids within the mesenteric fat. Mesenteric fat of pansteatitis-affected wild catfish was characterized by an increase in moisture content, a decrease in fat content and a decrease in stearic and linoleic acids. The n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio of mesenteric fat was higher in pansteatitis-affected wild catfish than in healthy catfish from the same locality, reflecting higher polyunsaturated fat intake by pansteatitis-affected fish. The possible role of alien, invasive, phytoplankton-feeding silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), in the aetiology of pansteatitis in both catfish and crocodiles in the Olifants Gorge is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K D A Huchzermeyer
- Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic, Lydenburg, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nantapo CTW, Muchenje V, Hugo A. Atherogenicity index and health-related fatty acids in different stages of lactation from Friesian, Jersey and Friesian×Jersey cross cow milk under a pasture-based dairy system. Food Chem 2013; 146:127-33. [PMID: 24176323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of stage of lactation on the fatty acid profiles of milk from Friesian, Jersey and Friesian×Jersey cows. Linoleic acid in pastures was highest in the second phase which coincided with mid-lactation days (p<0.05). Highest milk moisture content and lowest fat free dry matter content was seen in early lactation (p<0.05). Higher fat content was observed in late lactation than early lactation. Highest butyric, caproic, linoleic, omega-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed for milk from Friesian cows. Highest conjugated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6, and omega-3 were observed in early lactation. Atherogenicity index and desaturase activity indices were highest in late lactation. In conclusion, stage of lactation and genotype affected milk health-related fatty acid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T W Nantapo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qwele K, Hugo A, Oyedemi SO, Moyo B, Masika PJ, Muchenje V. Chemical composition, fatty acid content and antioxidant potential of meat from goats supplemented with Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, sunflower cake and grass hay. Meat Sci 2012; 93:455-62. [PMID: 23273450 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study determined the chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) content and antioxidant capacity of meat from goats supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) or sunflower cake (SC) or grass hay (GH). The meat from goat supplemented with MOL had higher concentrations of total phenolic content (10.62±0.27 mg tannic acid equivalent E/g). The MOL significantly scavenged 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid (ABTS) radical to 93.51±0.19% (93.51±0.19%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical to 58.95±0.3% than other supplements. The antioxidative effect of MOL supplemented meat on catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid oxidation (LO) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other meat from goat feed on grass hay or those supplemented with sunflower seed cake. The present study indicated that the anti-oxidative potential of MOL may play a role in improving meat quality (chemical composition, colour and lipid stability).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Qwele
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P Bag 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pienaar GH, Einkamerer OB, Van der Merwe HJ, Hugo A, Scholtz GDJ, Fair DM. The effects of an active live yeast product on the growth performance of finishing lambs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
King EJ, De Witt FH, Hugo A, Van der Merwe HJ, Fair MD. Effect of dietary lipid saturation on the production performance of layers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Booyens KE, Einkamerer OB, Hugo A, Van der Merwe HJ, Slippers SC, Fair MD. Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of lambs’ meat as affected by a bioflavonoid antioxidant and fat sources. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
King EJ, Hugo A, De Witt FH, Van der Merwe HJ, Fair MD. Effect of dietary fat source on fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of eggs. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Osthoff G, Hugo A, Wit MDMD. Comparison of the Milk Composition of Free-Ranging Eland, Kudu, Gemsbok and Scimitar Oryx, with Observations on Lechwe, Okapi and Southern Pudu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3957/056.042.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
40
|
Myburgh J, Osthoff G, Hugo A, De Wit M, Nel K, Fourie D. Comparison of the milk composition of free-ranging indigenous African cattle breeds. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Mathenjwa SA, Hugo CJ, Bothma C, Hugo A. Effect of alternative preservatives on the microbial quality, lipid stability and sensory evaluation of boerewors. Meat Sci 2012; 91:165-72. [PMID: 22326060 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Boerewors is a South African fresh sausage preserved with 450mg/kg sulphur dioxide (SO(2)). The preservative effects of rosemary (Ros; 260mg/kg) and chitosan (Chi; 10g/kg) were compared to SO(2). Eight boerewors models were formulated. Microbial, colour, lipid and sensory characteristics were evaluated. Chi and Chi in combination with other preservatives had a significant effect on reducing total bacterial, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts, comparable to SO(2). Chi, however, had a better effect on decreasing yeasts and mould counts than SO(2). Chi showed good colour properties comparable to SO(2). Ros showed comparable lipid stability to SO(2) but better when compared to Chi. Ros had a better effect on the sensory taste when compared to Chi, but SO(2) was still preferred. Reduced levels of 100mg/kg SO(2) showed good antimicrobial and colour effects in combination with Chi and in combination with Ros as antioxidant and improving the sensory properties. Alternative preservatives can be used to reduce the SO(2) content of boerewors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Mathenjwa
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marume U, Hugo A, Chimonyo M, Muchenje V, Dzama K. Effect of dietary supplementation with Acacia karroo leaves on fatty acid profiles and consumer sensory attributes of Xhosa lop-eared goats under artificial haemonchosis. Anim Prod Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Acacia karroo supplementation on fatty acid profiles and sensory attributes of Xhosa lop-eared goats meat was evaluated in 18 4-month-old goats exposed to a single dose of 6000 L3 Haemonchus contortus larvae. The goats were allotted into two groups: non-supplemented (NSP) and supplemented (AK). The AK goats received 200 g of fresh A. karroo leaves. At the end of the experiment, all the goats were slaughtered to determine the fatty acid profiles and sensory perceptions. Faecal larval counts decreased significantly in the AK group as the infection progressed, while it increased in the NSP group. At necropsy, the NSP group had significantly higher worm counts than the AK group. The AK group contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) amounts of intramuscular fat and had almost twice (P < 0.05) the total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid ratio. Furthermore, the AK goats also had higher amounts (P < 0.05) of n-3. Mean sensory scores for juiciness and tenderness were superior in the AK goats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, A. karroo supplementation positively influenced the fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of chevon from goats infected with H. contortus.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mapiye C, Chimonyo M, Dzama K, Hugo A, Strydom P, Muchenje V. Fatty acid composition of beef from Nguni steers supplemented with Acacia karroo leaf-meal. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Hugo A, Els S, Bothma C, De Witt F, Van der Merwe H, Fair M. Influence of dietary lipid sources on sensory characteristics of broiler meat. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
De Witt F, Els S, Hugo A, Van der Merwe H, Fair M. Influence of dietary lipid sources on carcass traits of broilers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Siebrits F, Makgekgenene A, Hugo A. Effect of saponified high fat sunflower oilcake and lipoic acid. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Charimba G, Hugo C, Hugo A. The growth, survival and thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a traditional South African sausage. Meat Sci 2010; 85:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
Physical characterization of a soymilk powder was carried out by electron microscopy. Chemical characterization was analyzed by proximate analysis, mineral composition by atomic absorption spectrometry, fatty acid composition by gas chromatography and protein composition by electrophoresis. The powder consists of large granules of 60-80 μm, which may be hollow, with smaller granules of 10-20 μm attached to them. Powder particles are covered by a layer of fat. During storage at 25 °C fat is spreading over the surface, while at -12 °C the fat is contracting. This change affected chemical stability, resulting in high level of fat oxidation when stored at 4 °C or 25 °C as well as a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. Storage also affected the chemical properties of the re-constituted soymilk; the pH of a 12% soy powder suspension increased from 6.68 ± 0.05 to 7.06 ±0.08 after 12 months of storage. Storage temperature did not affect the pH of the suspension and this change could also not be ascribed to protein aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Osthoff
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|