1
|
Marinopoulou M, Unenge Hallerbäck M, Bornehag CG, Billstedt E. Is WISC-IV Working Memory Index associated with ADHD symptoms in 7-8-year-olds? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024; 13:306-315. [PMID: 36780371 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2176232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The Working Memory Index (WMI) in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) has been suggested to be associated with ADHD symptoms. The relationship between WMI and ADHD symptoms in the general population is not clear. The study aimed to examine the association between working memory (WM) and behavioral regulation (BR), and hyperactivity/inattention (HI) in a general population sample of 7-8-year-olds, and whether general intellectual functioning is associated with BR and HI. The study also examined if those with low WMI also fulfill elevated ADHD criteria. The study group (N = 865) was assessed with the WISC (Fourth edition), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Five to Fifteen Questionnaire, and divided into three groups based on WM function, and in relation to BR and/or HI problems. The associations between WM and BR, and WM and HI, including intellectual functioning as covariate, were examined. WM deficits were found in 22%, but the majority of those had no BR or HI problems. Four percent in the study group had WM deficits combined with BR and/or HI problems, and in about one third of those inattentive ADHD criteria were fulfilled. WM and prosocial behavior were associated with BR and HI. WM deficits measured with WISC WMI in 7-8-year-olds do not always signal BR and/or HI problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinopoulou
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Habilitation, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Unenge Hallerbäck
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Billstedt
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kiselica AM, Karr JE, Mikula CM, Ranum RM, Benge JF, Medina LD, Woods SP. Recent Advances in Neuropsychological Test Interpretation for Clinical Practice. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:637-667. [PMID: 37594687 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Much attention in the field of clinical neuropsychology has focused on adapting to the modern healthcare environment by advancing telehealth and promoting technological innovation in assessment. Perhaps as important (but less discussed) are advances in the development and interpretation of normative neuropsychological test data. These techniques can yield improvement in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning with little additional cost. Brooks and colleagues (Can Psychol 50: 196-209, 2009) eloquently summarized best practices in normative data creation and interpretation, providing a practical overview of norm development, measurement error, the base rates of low scores, and methods for assessing change. Since the publication of this seminal work, there have been several important advances in research on development and interpretation of normative neuropsychological test data, which may be less familiar to the practicing clinician. Specifically, we provide a review of the literature on regression-based normed scores, item response theory, multivariate base rates, summary/factor scores, cognitive intraindividual variability, and measuring change over time. For each topic, we include (1) an overview of the method, (2) a rapid review of the recent literature, (3) a relevant case example, and (4) a discussion of limitations and controversies. Our goal was to provide a primer for use of normative neuropsychological test data in neuropsychological practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kiselica
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, 115 Business Loop 70 W, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA.
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cynthia M Mikula
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rylea M Ranum
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, 115 Business Loop 70 W, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Jared F Benge
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Austin, TX, Austin, USA
| | - Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hokken MJ, Krabbendam E, van der Zee YJ, Kooiker MJG. [Formula: see text] Visual selective attention and visual search performance in children with CVI, ADHD, and Dyslexia: a scoping review. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:357-390. [PMID: 35440276 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2057940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Visual selective attention refers to the selection of relevant visual elements in a scene whilst ignoring irrelevant visual elements. Visual Selective Attention Dysfunctions (VSAD) are prevalent in children with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Dyslexia. An important issue in the pediatric neuropsychological practice is how to discriminate between the task performance of these populations. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on visual search performance (VSP) in children with CVI, ADHD, and Dyslexia, aged 6-12 years. After a systematic selection process, 35 studies were included. Results suggest that all patient groups have some degree of impaired VSP compared to typically developing children. Children with CVI tend to react slower and less accurately. VSP impairments in children with ADHD are characterized by poor accuracy rather than reaction time. Children with Dyslexia tend to be slower and less accurate, depending on stimulus type. Besides VSAD, it is argued that other neurocognitive mechanisms might influence VSP, such as speed-accuracy trade-off or an executive functioning deficit in ADHD and a phonological deficit in Dyslexia. This paper further discusses the differences and similarities in visual search performance between the groups. The sparse data in children with an official diagnosis of CVI and the technical inconclusive data on children with ADHD and Dyslexia demonstrate complexity of discriminating between these populations in clinical practice based on VSP. New and more quantitative VSP parameters, such as eye tracking-based measures, may contribute to a refined classification among CVI, ADHD, and Dyslexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinke J Hokken
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Royal Dutch Visio, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marlou J G Kooiker
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Royal Dutch Visio, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nasiri E, Khalilzad M, Hakimzadeh Z, Isari A, Faryabi-Yousefabad S, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Naseri A. A comprehensive review of attention tests: can we assess what we exactly do not understand? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAttention, as it is now defined as a process matching data from the environment to the needs of the organism, is one of the main aspects of human cognitive processes. There are several aspects to attention including tonic alertness (a process of intrinsic arousal that varies by minutes to hours), phasic alertness (a process that causes a quick change in attention as a result of a brief stimulus), selective attention (a process differentiating multiple stimuli), and sustained attention (a process maintaining persistence of response and continuous effort over an extended period). Attention dysfunction is associated with multiple disorders; therefore, there has been much effort in assessing attention and its domains, resulting in a battery of tests evaluating one or several attentional domains; instances of which are the Stroop color-word test, Test of Everyday Attention, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. These tests vary in terms of utilities, range of age, and domains. The role of attention in human life and the importance of assessing it merits an inclusive review of the efforts made to assess attention and the resulting tests; Here we highlight all the necessary data regarding neurophysiological tests which assess human attentive function and investigates the evolution of attention tests over time. Also, the ways of assessing the attention in untestable patients who have difficulty in reading or using a computer, along with the lack of ability to comprehend verbal instructions and executive tasks, are discussed. This review can be of help as a platform for designing new studies to researchers who are interested in working on attention and conditions causing deficits in this aspect of body function, by collecting and organizing information on its assessment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nielsen AN, la Cour K, Brandt Å. Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of a proprioceptive and tactile vest intervention for children with challenges integrating and processing sensory information. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:325. [PMID: 35655147 PMCID: PMC9161456 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with challenges integrating and processing sensory information can have difficulties participating in play and learning activities. One way to support participation is to offer sensory stimulation, such as proprioceptive and tactile stimulation provided by wearing a sensory-stimulating vest. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the key procedures of a planned full-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a proprioceptive and tactile stimulation vest for children aged 6-12 years who have challenges integrating and processing sensory information. The study focused on the feasibility of the recruitment and information processes, the relevance of the study materials, the usefulness of diaries completed by parents, and use of the following outcome measures: Test of Everyday Attention-Children (TEACh), registration of off-task behaviour, and pulse rate. METHODS Ten schoolchildren aged 6-12 years (mean 8.4) who had challenges integrating and processing sensory information and sensory-seeking behaviours (based on their Short Sensory Profile scores) participated in the study. Study feasibility was assessed using data from interviews with the participating children, their parents and teachers, and psychologists from the municipal Educational Psychological Counselling Departments. RESULTS Recruitment and introductory materials were found to be relevant and non-problematic, while the outcome measurements, diaries, and pulse measurements did not work well, and the tool for registering off-task behaviours needed to be revised. The results indicated that an outcome measure relating to the children's subjective experiences and closer involvement of teachers in the study could be beneficial. CONCLUSION The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of the planned methodology for a full-scale RCT of a proprioceptive and tactile stimulating vests for children with challenges integrating and processing sensory information. We found that a partial redesign of the study is needed before a full-scale RCT is conducted and that this should include outcome measures on the children's subjective experiences with using the vest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Natasja Nielsen
- National Institute of Public Health, Research Unit for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karen la Cour
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Åse Brandt
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Messinis L, Bakirtzis C, Kosmidis MH, Economou A, Nasios G, Anyfantis E, Konitsiotis S, Ntoskou A, Peristeri E, Dardiotis E, Grigoriadis N, Gourzis P, Papathanasopoulos P. Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Greek Normative Data for the Oral and Written Version and Discriminative Validity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:117-125. [PMID: 32385488 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to generate normative data on the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) for the written and oral versions in the Greek adult population. We also investigated the test's validity in discriminating the performance of healthy adults from two groups of adults diagnosed with relapsing remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SPMS) multiple sclerosis. METHOD The sample consisted of 609 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 65. All participants were monolingual native Greek adult speakers. Each healthy participant was administered either the written (n = 460) or oral (n = 149) versions of the SDMT. Discriminant validity was examined by comparing 35 healthy participants who had completed the oral version of the SDMT to 35 age - and education-matched RRMS and SPMS patients. RESULTS Linear regression models explained between 36% and 55% of the variance in the SDMT oral and written version scores. Age was the strongest predictor of difference in SDMT written and oral version performance, followed by education that also accounted for a further proportion of the SDMT variance. On the contrary, gender was found not to contribute significantly to the variance in the SDMT for either the written or the oral versions. As a result, age- and education-adjusted norms were generated. Regarding the tests discriminative validity, we found that both MS patient groups scored significantly lower than the healthy group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to provide comprehensive normative data for the SDMT in the adult population in Greece, impacting the future practice of neuropsychological assessment in this country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Messinis
- Neuropsychology Section, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B'Department of Neurology and the MS Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mary Helen Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Economou
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Anyfantis
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spiridon Konitsiotis
- Department of Neurology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Ntoskou
- Rehabilitation Unit for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury, "Demetrios and Vera Sfikas" Department of Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Peristeri
- Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B'Department of Neurology and the MS Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Phillipos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|