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Schnoor B, Morris K, Kottana RK, Muldoon R, Barron J, Papa AL. Fibrinolytic Platelet Decoys Reduce Cancer Metastasis by Dissociating Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304374. [PMID: 39075814 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
During metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can travel in the bloodstream as individual cells or clusters, associated with fibrin and platelets. Clusters have a higher metastatic potential due to their increased ability to withstand shear stress and arrest in small vessels. Moreover, CTC-platelet interaction protects CTCs from shear stress and immune detection. The objective of this project is to develop a fibrinolytic platelet system to leverage platelet-CTC interactions and dissociate CTC clusters. For this approach, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is loaded onto two modified platelet systems: platelet Decoys and lyophilized platelets. The activities of the systems are characterized using a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based assay and an angiogenic assay. Furthermore, the ability of the system to dissociate cancer cell clusters in vitro is assessed using light transmission aggregometry. The data demonstrates that the fibrinolytic platelets can maintain tPA activity, interact with CTCs, and dissociate cancer cell clusters. Finally, fibrinolytic platelets are assessed in vivo, demonstrating a decreased tumor load and increased survival with tPA-Decoy treatment, which is selected as the optimal treatment based on favorable in vitro results and in vivo trials. Therefore, this fibrinolytic platelet approach is a promising method for leveraging platelet-CTC interactions to disperse CTC clusters and reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Schnoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kenise Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Regina K Kottana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Rebekah Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jaeden Barron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Papa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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2
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Trochanowska-Pauk N, Walski T, Bohara R, Mikolas J, Kubica K. Platelet Storage-Problems, Improvements, and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7779. [PMID: 39063021 PMCID: PMC11277025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet transfusions are routine procedures in clinical treatment aimed at preventing bleeding in critically ill patients, including those with cancer, undergoing surgery, or experiencing trauma. However, platelets are susceptible blood cells that require specific storage conditions. The availability of platelet concentrates is limited to five days due to various factors, including the risk of bacterial contamination and the occurrence of physical and functional changes known as platelet storage lesions. In this article, the problems related to platelet storage lesions are categorized into four groups depending on research areas: storage conditions, additive solutions, new testing methods for platelets (proteomic and metabolomic analysis), and extensive data modeling of platelet production (mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, and artificial intelligence). This article provides extensive information on the challenges, potential improvements, and novel perspectives regarding platelet storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Trochanowska-Pauk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Walski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Educational Society, Kolhapur 416006, India;
| | - Julia Mikolas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krystian Kubica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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Kim MY, Han HJ. Dose-dependent effect of canine lyophilized platelet on an in vitro hemodilution model. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:61. [PMID: 36932415 PMCID: PMC10022049 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfusion of stored platelets has emerged as an efficient method for treating dogs with thrombocytopenia. However, the availability of fresh platelets is limited in veterinary medicine due to demanding storage conditions. Lyophilized platelets have long shelf lives and can be easily stored, increasing their accessibility for thrombocytopenic dogs. Due to the lack of research and information on the dose effect, canine lyophilized platelets are used at a clinical dosage without research-based evidence. This study was to evaluate the dose effect of lyophilized canine platelets on blood coagulability. Three different concentrations of lyophilized canine platelets were added to in vitro hemodilution blood model, increasing the platelet count by 25, 50, and 100 × 106/ml and coagulation profiles were analyzed. The coagulability was evaluated via the plasma fibrinogen concentration, coagulation time, thromboelastography (TEG), and platelet function analyzer (PFA). Higher concentrations of lyophilized platelets showed dose-dependent association with decreased aPTT and R-time of TEG and increased alpha angle and MA of TEG. These results showed the potential that the higher dose of canine lyophilized platelets better improve blood coagulability than the standard dose and provided the basis for further safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Han
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hegde S, Zheng Y, Cancelas JA. Novel blood derived hemostatic agents for bleeding therapy and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:281-289. [PMID: 35942861 PMCID: PMC9547927 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death in trauma and cancer. Trauma induced coagulopathy and cancer-associated endotheliopathy remain major therapeutic challenges. Early, aggressive administration of blood-derived products with hypothesized increased clotting potency has been proposed. A series of early- and late-phase clinical trials testing the safety and/or efficacy of lyophilized plasma and new forms of platelet products in humans have provided light on the future of alternative blood component therapies. This review intends to contextualize and provide a critical review of the information provided by these trials. RECENT FINDINGS The beneficial effect of existing freeze-dried plasma products may not be as high as initially anticipated when tested in randomized, multicenter clinical trials. A next-generation freeze dried plasma product has shown safety in an early phase clinical trial and other freeze-dried plasma and spray-dried plasma with promising preclinical profiles are embarking in first-in-human trials. New platelet additive solutions and forms of cryopreservation or lyophilization of platelets with long-term shelf-life have demonstrated feasibility and logistical advantages. SUMMARY Recent trials have confirmed logistical advantages of modified plasma and platelet products in the treatment or prophylaxis of bleeding. However, their postulated increased potency profile remains unconfirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Hegde
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Schnoor B, Papa AL. Lyophilized platelets inhibit platelet aggregation with simultaneous paradoxical promotion of platelet adhesion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:941817. [PMID: 36061448 PMCID: PMC9437314 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.941817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyophilized platelets have been explored as a potential hemostatic agent due to their long-term ambient storage capabilities that make them readily available in various scenarios. Additionally, their high biocompatibility and the key role of platelet interactions in various clinical conditions make them a promising platform for drug delivery. To explore these applications and for wider clinical deployment, the interactions between lyophilized platelets and fresh platelets must be examined. This project characterized receptor expression on the lyophilized platelet surface and their ability to bind fibrinogen using flow cytometry. The effect of lyophilized platelets on aggregation of unaltered platelets was assessed using light transmission aggregometry while the effect on adhesion was evaluated using static and microfluidic assays. Lyophilized platelets maintained significant levels of GPIIb and GPVI receptors on their surface, though the expression was reduced from fresh platelets. Additionally, lyophilized platelets maintained GPIb expression similar to fresh platelets. Furthermore, 15.8% of the lyophilized platelets exhibited the active conformation of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor, indicating a significant increase over fresh platelets. Lyophilized platelets also exhibited an increase in exposed phosphatidylserine and fibrinogen binding. Despite the effect of lyophilized platelets in promoting the adhesion of fresh platelets on a collagen-coated surface, their net effect was inhibitory on platelet aggregation. This study demonstrates that lyophilized platelets can have paradoxical effects on platelet adhesion and aggregation, which could have an impact for clinical applications. Detailed characterization and engineering of these effects will be important for their continued development as a drug delivery platform.
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Morris K, Schnoor B, Papa AL. Platelet cancer cell interplay as a new therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Platelet Transfusion-Insights from Current Practice to Future Development. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091990. [PMID: 34066360 PMCID: PMC8125287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late sixties, therapeutic or prophylactic platelet transfusion has been used to relieve hemorrhagic complications of patients with, e.g., thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and injuries, and is an essential part of the supportive care in high dose chemotherapy. Current and upcoming advances will significantly affect present standards. We focus on specific issues, including the comparison of buffy-coat (BPC) and apheresis platelet concentrates (APC); plasma additive solutions (PAS); further measures for improvement of platelet storage quality; pathogen inactivation; and cold storage of platelets. The objective of this article is to give insights from current practice to future development on platelet transfusion, focusing on these selected issues, which have a potentially major impact on forthcoming guidelines.
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Lee JH, Jung H, Song J, Choi ES, You G, Mok H. Activated Platelet-Derived Vesicles for Efficient Hemostatic Activity. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900338. [PMID: 32053289 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, activated platelet-derived vesicles (Act-VEs) are developed as a novel hemostatic biomaterial. Spherical Act-VEs (114.40 ± 11.69 nm in size) with surface charges of -24.73 ± 1.32 mV are successfully prepared from thrombin-activated murine platelets with high surface expression of active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa, also known as αIIbβ3) and P-selectin. Although nanosized vesicles from resting platelets (VEs) and Act-VEs showed similar sizes and surface charges, Act-VEs formed much larger aggregates in the presence of thrombin and CaCl2 , compared to VEs. After incubation with fibrinogen, Act-VEs formed much denser fibrin networks compared to platelets or VEs, probably due to active αIIbβ3 on the surfaces of the Act-VEs. After intravenous injection of the Act-VEs, tail bleeding time and the blood loss are greatly reduced by Act-VEs in vivo. In addition, Act-VEs showed approximately sevenfold lower release of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during incubation for 4 days, compared to platelets. Taken together, the formulated Act-VEs can serve as a promising hemostatic biomaterial for the efficient formation of fibrin clots without releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hang Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon You
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Cancelas JA. Future of platelet formulations with improved clotting profile: a short review on human safety and efficacy data. Transfusion 2019; 59:1467-1473. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood CenterUniversity of Cincinnati Academic Health Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
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10
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Jung H, Kang YY, Mok H. Platelet-derived nanovesicles for hemostasis without release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:856-859. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, natural platelet-derived nanovesicles with a vacant core were prepared by hypotonic sonication. The nanovesicles efficiently formed platelet-like aggregates without a notable release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These natural and biocompatible platelet-derived nanovesicles have great potential as biomaterials for inflammation-free injectable hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Konkuk University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Republic of Korea
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11
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Milford EM, Reade MC. Comprehensive review of platelet storage methods for use in the treatment of active hemorrhage. Transfusion 2017; 56 Suppl 2:S140-8. [PMID: 27100750 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the various methods currently in use, or under investigation, for the storage of platelets intended for use in the treatment of active hemorrhage. The current standard practice of storing platelets at room temperature (RT) (20°C-24°C) optimizes circulating time, but at the expense of hemostatic function and logistical considerations. A number of alternatives are under investigation. Novel storage media additives appear to attenuate the deleterious changes that affect RT stored platelets. Cold storage was originally abandoned due to the poor circulating time of platelets stored at 4°C, but such platelets may actually be more hemostatically effective, with a number of other advantages, compared to RT stored platelets. Periodically re-warming cold stored platelets (temperature cycling, TC) may combine the hemostatic efficacy of cold stored platelets with the longer circulating times of RT storage. Alternatives to liquid storage include cryopreservation (freezing) or lyophilization (freeze-drying). The former has had some limited clinical use and larger clinical trials are underway, while the latter is still in the preclinical stage with promising in vitro and in vivo results. The importance of platelet transfusion in the management of active hemorrhage is now well accepted, so it is timely that platelet storage methods are reviewed with consideration of not only their circulating time, but also their hemostatic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M Milford
- Australian Defence Force, Australia.,University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael C Reade
- Australian Defence Force, Australia.,University of Queensland, Australia
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13
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Nandi S, Brown AC. Platelet-mimetic strategies for modulating the wound environment and inflammatory responses. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1138-48. [PMID: 27190260 PMCID: PMC4950360 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets closely interface with the immune system to fight pathogens, target wound sites, and regulate tissue repair. Natural platelet levels within the body can be depleted for a variety of reasons, including excessive bleeding following traumatic injury, or diseases such as cancer and bacterial or viral infections. Platelet transfusions are commonly used to improve platelet count and hemostatic function in these cases, but transfusions can be complicated by the contamination risks and short storage life of donated platelets. Lyophilized platelets that can be freeze-dried and stored for longer periods of time and synthetic platelet-mimetic technologies that can enhance or replace the functions of natural platelets, while minimizing adverse immune responses have been explored as alternatives to transfusion. Synthetic platelets typically comprise nanoparticles surface-decorated with peptides or ligands to recreate specific biological characteristics of platelets, including targeting of wound and disease sites and facilitating platelet aggregation. Recent efforts in synthetic platelet design have additionally focused on matching platelet shape and mechanics to recreate the marginalization and clot contraction capabilities of natural platelets. The ability to specifically tune the properties of synthetic platelet-mimetic materials has shown utility in a variety of applications including hemostasis, drug delivery, and targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Donnet T, Ravanat C, Eckly A, Maurer E, Alame G, Ziessel C, Mangin PH, Freund M, Cazenave JP, Gachet C, Rendu F. Dehydration of blood platelets by zeodration: in vitro characterization and hemostatic properties in vivo. Transfusion 2015; 55:2207-18. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Donnet
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
- Faculté De Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière; UMR_S956 INSERM, UPMC; Paris France
| | | | - Anita Eckly
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | - Eric Maurer
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | - Ghina Alame
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | | | - Pierre H. Mangin
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | - Monique Freund
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | | | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949 EFS Alsace; INSERM, Université De Strasbourg; Strasbourg
| | - Francine Rendu
- Faculté De Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière; UMR_S956 INSERM, UPMC; Paris France
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15
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Davidow EB, Brainard B, Martin LG, Beal MW, Bode A, Ford MJ, Ramsey N, Fagella A, Jutkowitz A. Use of fresh platelet concentrate or lyophilized platelets in thrombocytopenic dogs with clinical signs of hemorrhage: a preliminary trial in 37 dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 22:116-25. [PMID: 23016747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and feasibility of using lyophilized platelets (LYO) and fresh platelet concentrate (FRESH) in bleeding thrombocytopenic dogs. DESIGN Preliminary prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING Two private referral centers and 3 university teaching hospitals. ANIMALS Thirty-seven dogs with a complaint of hemorrhage associated with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <70 × 10(9) /L [70,000/μL], a hematocrit >15%, and that had received neither vincristine nor platelet-containing transfusions within 72 h of enrollment were studied. INTERVENTIONS Animals were randomized to receive LYO or FRESH, dosed according to weight. Physical examination, complete blood counts, and coagulation testing (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time) were performed at enrollment. Physical examinations were also performed immediately post transfusion, and at 1 and 24 h after transfusion. Complete blood counts were repeated immediately post transfusion and at 24 h. Collected data included bleeding score (BLS), response to transfusion, adverse reactions, hospitalization time, need for additional transfusions, survival to discharge, and 28-d survival. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-two dogs received LYO and 15 received FRESH. There was no difference between groups in age, weight, BLS, platelet count, white blood cell count, hematocrit, or presence of melena. There was no difference between groups in transfusion reaction rates, the need for additional transfusions, 24-h BLS, hospitalization time, survival to discharge, or 28-d survival. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of LYO was feasible and associated with a low transfusion reaction rate in this limited study of thrombocytopenic canine patients presenting with mild-to-severe hemorrhage. LYO were easy to use and provided storage advantages over FRESH. Further study of this product, including examination of efficacy and platelet life span, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Cap
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA.
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17
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Magnetic and contrast properties of labeled platelets for magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. Biophys J 2011; 99:2374-83. [PMID: 20923673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article introduces a new functional imaging paradigm that uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect rehydrated, lyophilized platelets (RL platelets) that are in the preclinical trial stage and contain superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Platelets are highly functional blood cells that detect and adhere to sites of vascular endothelial damage by forming primary hemostatic plugs. By applying magnetic gradient forces, induced nanoscale displacements (magnetomotion) of the SPIO-RL platelets are detected as optical phase shifts in OCT. In this article, we characterize the iron content and magnetic properties of SPIO-RL platelets, construct a model to predict their magnetomotion in a tissue medium, and demonstrate OCT imaging in tissue phantoms and ex vivo pig arteries. Tissue phantoms containing SPIO-RL platelets exhibited >3 dB contrast/noise ratio at ≥1.5 × 10(9) platelets/cm(3). OCT imaging was performed on ex vivo porcine arteries after infusion of SPIO-RL platelets, and specific contrast was obtained on an artery that was surface-damaged (P < 10(-6)). This may enable new technologies for in vivo monitoring of the adherence of SPIO-RL platelets to sites of bleeding and vascular damage, which is broadly applicable for assessing trauma and cardiovascular diseases.
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19
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Campbell RA, Fischer TH, Wolberg AS. A novel approach to improving recombinant factor VIIa activity with a preserved platelet preparation. Br J Haematol 2007; 138:82-93. [PMID: 17555451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven, rFVIIa) is used to abrogate bleeding in haemophiliacs with inhibitors and is hypothesised to work by increasing activated factor X generation on the platelet surface. We hypothesised that rFVIIa activity could be increased by the co-addition of platelet procoagulant surface. This study characterised the ability of a rehydrated, lyophilised (RL) platelet preparation to increase rFVIIa activity in haemophilic conditions. RL platelets supported thrombin generation in the presence of factors VIII and IX but, in the absence of factors VIII and IX, thrombin generation was significantly reduced. RL platelets supported rFVIIa-mediated thrombin generation in a rFVIIa-concentration dependent manner. In a cell-based in vitro model of haemophilia, the presence of RL platelets increased the rFVIIa-dependent thrombin generation rate 2.8-fold compared with rFVIIa alone. Similarly, the addition of RL platelets plus rFVIIa to the in vitro model of haemophilia and to haemophilic platelet-rich plasma shortened the onset of clot formation and increased clot stability in a fibrinolytic environment versus rFVIIa alone. These results suggest that RL platelets can support rFVIIa-mediated thrombin generation, and that co-administration of RL platelets with rFVIIa may increase the efficacy of rFVIIa in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Campbell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Platelet Substitutes and Novel Methods of Platelet Preservation. Platelets 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369367-9/50832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Fischer TH, Bode AP, Parker BR, Russell KE, Bender DE, Ramer JK, Read MS. Primary and secondary hemostatic functionalities of rehydrated, lyophilized platelets. Transfusion 2006; 46:1943-50. [PMID: 17076850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rehydrated, lyophilized (RL) platelet (PLT) is being developed as a hemostatic infusion agent for the control of active bleeding. The key to the method for preparing RL PLTs is a mild aldehyde stabilization that allows for freezing and lyophilizing without cellular rupture. RL PLTs have been shown to be effective at rapidly controlling bleeding in animal models of cardiopulmonary bypass induced PLT dysfunction and washout thrombocytopenia, yet the rehydrated cells have proved to be safe with respect to induction of pathologic intravascular coagulation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to better understand the differential effect of the RL PLT manufacturing method on primary and secondary hemostatic processes. The functionality of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor (glycoprotein Ib) complex, the PAR receptors, integrin-mediated aggregation (inside-out signaling), and surface membrane prothrombin to thrombin conversion systems were investigated. RESULTS RL PLTs were found to retain native VWF-mediated adhesion and surface thrombin generation functions. In contrast, the coupling of thrombin receptors to integrin inside-out signaling was largely inhibited. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RL PLTs may stop bleeding by forming primary hemostatic plugs and providing a localized source of thrombin for secondary hemostatic processes, yet do not build up occlusive pathologic clots possibly because integrin functions for forming PLT-PLT aggregates are partially inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA.
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Wong K, Li X, Ma Y. Paraformaldehyde induces elevation of intracellular calcium and phosphatidylserine externalization in platelets. Thromb Res 2005; 117:537-42. [PMID: 15951006 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraformaldehyde fixation of platelets stabilizes surface antigens while altering some that are associated with cellular activation. Present experiments show that the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine in platelets was especially sensitive to paraformaldehyde treatment. It was found that this reagent induced a dose- and time-dependent translocation of phosphatidylserine to the membrane surface as measured by annexin V binding and flow cytometry. The percent phosphatidylserine-positive cells increased from about 5% to >90%. Chelation of extracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA partially blocked this translocation. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of fluo-3 loaded platelets indicates that paraformaldehyde caused a concomitant elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, [Ca(2+)](i). ATP levels also declined in paraformaldehyde-treated cells, suggesting that the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) ensued in part from decreased activity of calcium pumps. Previous studies indicate that phosphatidylserine externalization arises from Ca(2+)-activated randomization of membrane phospholipids and decreased transport of phosphatidylserine from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. In light of present results, paraformaldehyde fixation is best avoided particularly in studies involving platelet apoptosis or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wong
- Canadian Blood Services, 8249 114 St. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R8.
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