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Robertson CM, Pullinger SA, Robinson WR, Smith ME, Burniston JG, Edwards BJ. Circadian variation in muscle force output in males using isokinetic, isometric dynamometry: can we observe this in multi-joint movements using the muscleLab force-velocity encoder and are they similar in peak and magnitude? Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:709-724. [PMID: 38722075 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We have investigated the magnitude of circadian variation in Isokinetic and Isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors, as well as back squat and bench press performance using the MuscleLab force velocity transducer. Ten resistance-trained males (mean±SD: age 21.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass 78.3 ± 5.2 kg; height 1.71 ± 0.07 m) underwent a) three to four familiarization sessions on each dynamometer and b) four sessions at different times of day (03:00, 09:00, 15:00 and 21:00 h). Each session was administered in a counterbalanced order and included a period when Perceived onset of mood states (POMS), then rectal and muscle temperature (Trec, Tm) was measured at rest, after which a 5-min standardized 150 W warm-up was performed on a cycle ergometer. Once completed, Isokinetic (60 and 240°·s-1 for extension and flexion) and Isometric dynamometry with peak torque (PT), time-to-peak-torque (tPT) and peak force (PF) and % activation was measured. Lastly, Trec and Tm were measured before the bench press (at 30, 50 and 70 kg) and back squat (at 40, 60 and 80 kg) exercises. A linear encoder was attached to an Olympic bar used for the exercises and average force (AF), peak velocity (PV) and time-to-peak-velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software; MuscleLab Technology, Langesund, Norway) during the concentric phase of the movements. Five-min recovery was allowed between each set with three repetitions being completed. General linear models with repeated measures and cosinor analysis were used to analyse the data. Values for Trec and Tm at rest were higher in the evening compared to morning values (Acrophase Φ: 16:35 and 17:03 h, Amplitude A: 0.30 and 0.23°C, Mesor M: 36.64 and 37.43°C, p < 0.05). Vigor, happy and fatigue mood states responses showed Φ 16:11 and 16:03 h and 02:05 h respectively. Circadian rhythms were apparent for all variables irrespective of equipment used where AF, PF and PT values peaked between 16:18 and 18:34 h; PV, tPV and tPT peaked between 05:54 and 08:03 h (p < 0.05). In summary, circadian rhythms in force output (force, torque, power, and velocity) were shown for isokinetic, isometric dynamometers and complex multi-joint movements (using a linear encoder); where tPV and tPT occur in the morning compared to the evening. Circadian rhythms in strength can be detected using a portable, low-cost instrument that shows similar cosinor characteristics as established dynamometers. Hence, muscle-strength can be measured in a manner that is more directly transferable to the world of athletic and sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Robertson
- Sport, School of Health, Social Work and Sport, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Bellary, India
| | - William R Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matt E Smith
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Costa CMA, Narciso FV, Brant VM, Silva A, Borba DDA, Rosa JPP, Wanner SP, Romano-Silva MA, de Mello MT. Can the inner eye canthus temperature be used as an alternative method to measure core temperature in sleep-deprived individuals? J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103716. [PMID: 37806067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Veruska Narciso
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário Mario Palmério (UNIFUCAMP), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Silva
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Alcantara Borba
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Science and of Movement, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Pereira Rosa
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Koumar OC, Beaufils R, Chesneau C, Normand H, Bessot N. Validation of e-Celsius gastrointestinal telemetry system as measure of core temperature. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103471. [PMID: 36796916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to validate gastrointestinal measurement with the e-Celsius® system composed of an ingestible electronic capsule and a monitor. Twenty-three healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years stayed at the hospital for 24 h under fasting conditions. They were only allowed for quiet activity and were asked to keep their sleeping habits. Subjects ingested a Jonah capsule and an e-Celsius® capsule, and a rectal probe and an esophageal probe were inserted. Mean temperature measured by the e-Celsius® device was lower than that measured by Vitalsense® (-0.12 ± 0.22°C; p < 0.001) and the rectal probe (-0.11 ± 0.03°C; p = 0.003) and higher than that measured by the esophageal probe (0.17 ± 0.05; p = 0.006). Mean difference (bias) and 95% confidence intervals between temperature of e-Celsius capsule, Vitalsense Jonah capsule, esophageal probe, and rectal probe were computed using Bland and Altman procedure. The magnitude of the measurement bias is significantly greater when comparing the e-Celsius® and the Vitalsense® device pair with any other device pairs containing the esophageal probe. Amplitude of confidence interval between the e-Celsius® system and the Vitalsense® system was 0.67°C. This amplitude was significantly lower than those of the esophageal probe-e-Celsius® pairing (0.83°C; p = 0.027), of the esophageal probe-Vitalsense (0.78°C; p = 0.046) and of the esophageal probe-rectal probe (0.83°C; p = 0.002). The statistical analysis did not reveal any effect of time on the amplitude of bias, whatever the device concerned. When comparing missing data rate of the e-Celsius® system (0.23 ± 0.15%) and the Vitalsense® devices (0.70 ± 0.11%) during the whole experiment, no differences was observed (p = 0.09). The e-Celsius® system could be used when a continuous following of internal temperature is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Koumar
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - R Beaufils
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - C Chesneau
- LMNO, CNRS, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, 14000, Caen, France
| | - H Normand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - N Bessot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France.
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Durunna O, Carroll JA, Dailey JW, Damiran D, Larson KA, Timsit E, Parsons R, Manafiazar G, Lardner HA. Phenotypic and genetic parameters of circadian rhythms from core body temperature profiles and their relationships with beef steers' production efficiency profiles during successive winter feeding periods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1026601. [PMID: 36741324 PMCID: PMC9893500 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1026601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This 2-year study evaluated differences in circadian parameters obtained from measures of core body temperatures using telemetric reticulo-rumen and rectal devices during two winter feeding regimes in western Canada. The study also estimated phenotypic correlations and genetic parameters associated with circadian parameters and other production traits in each feeding regime. Each year, 80 weaned steer calves (initial age: 209 ± 11 days; BW: 264 ± 20 kg) from the same cohort were tested over two successive regimes, Fall-Winter (FW) and Winter-Spring (WS) at Lanigan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The steers received forage-based rations in both regimes where the individual feed intake was measured with automatic feeding units. During the trial, the reticulo-rumen (RTMP) and rectal (RCT) temperatures were simultaneously measured every 5 min using telemetric devices. These were used to calculate the circadian parameters (Midline Estimating Statistic Of Rhythms, amplitude, and acrophase/peak time) for both temperature measures. Growth and efficiency performance traits were also determined for all steers. Each steer was assigned into inefficient, neutral, and efficient classes based on the SD of the residual feed intake (RFI), residual gain (RG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) within each year and feeding regime. Higher (p < 0.0003) RTMP and rectal temperature MESORs were observed in the Fall-Winter compared to the Winter-Spring regime. While the two test regimes were different (p < 0.05) for the majority of the RTMP or RCT temperature parameters, they did not differ (p > 0.10) with the production efficiency profiles. The heritability estimates were higher in FW (0.78 ± 0.18 vs. 0.56 ± 0.26) than WS (0.50 ± 0.18 vs. 0.47 ± 0.22) for the rumen and rectal MESORs, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations between the two regimes for the RTMP (0.69 ± 0.21) and RCT (0.32 ± 0.59). There was a negative correlation (p < 0.001) between body temperature and ambient temperature. The high heritability estimates and genetic correlations for rumen and rectal temperature parameters demonstrate their potential as beef genetic improvement tools of economic traits associated with the parameters. However, there are limited practical implications of using only the core-body temperature as a proxy for production efficiency traits for beef steers during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obioha Durunna
- Department of Applied Research, Lakeland College, Vermilion, AB, Canada,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: Obioha Durunna,
| | | | - Jeff W. Dailey
- USDA ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daalkhaijav Damiran
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kathy A. Larson
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rex Parsons
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Ghader Manafiazar
- Animal Science and Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Herbert A. Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Yousefzadehfard Y, Wechsler B, DeLorenzo C. Human circadian rhythm studies: Practical guidelines for inclusion/exclusion criteria and protocol. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100080. [PMID: 35989718 PMCID: PMC9382328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As interest in circadian rhythms and their effects continues to grow, there is an increasing need to perform circadian studies in humans. Although the constant routine is the gold standard for these studies, there are advantages to performing more naturalistic studies. Here, a review of protocols for such studies is provided along with sample inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sleep routines, drug use, shift work, and menstrual cycle are addressed as screening considerations. Regarding protocol, best practices for measuring melatonin, including light settings, posture, exercise, and dietary habits are described. The inclusion/exclusion recommendations and protocol guidelines are intended to reduce confounding variables in studies that do not involve the constant routine. Given practical limitations, a range of recommendations is provided from stringent to lenient. The scientific rationale behind these recommendations is discussed. However, where the science is equivocal, recommendations are based on empirical decisions made in previous studies. While not all of the recommendations listed may be practical in all research settings and with limited potential participants, the goal is to allow investigators to make well informed decisions about their screening procedures and protocol techniques and to improve rigor and reproducibility, in line with the objectives of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Yousefzadehfard
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Midland, TX, USA
| | - Bennett Wechsler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Bommasamudram T, Ravindrakumar A, Varamenti E, Tod D, Edwards BJ, Peter IG, Pullinger SA. Daily variation in time-trial sporting performance: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1167-1182. [PMID: 35815685 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2090373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Few functional measures related to time-trial display diurnal variation. The diversity of tests/protocols used to assess time-trial performance on diurnal effects and the lack of a standardised approach hinder agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in time-trial measures and to examine the main aspects related to research design important for studies of a chronobiological nature. The entire content of Manipal Academy of Higher Education electronic library and Qatar National Library, and electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Web of Science were searched. Research studies published in peer-reviewed journals and non-peer reviewed studies, conducted in male adult participants aged ≥18 y before November 2021 were screened/included. Studies assessing tests related to time-trials in any modality between a minimum of 2 time-points during the day (morning [06:30-10:30 h] vs evening [14:30-20:00 h]) were deemed eligible. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) process was used to assess the evidence to inform recommendations. The primary search revealed that a total of 10 from 40 articles were considered eligible and subsequently included. Six were conducted using cycling, two using running and two using swimming as the mode of exercise. Distances ranged from 1 to 16.1-km in distance or 15 to 20-min time in the cycling and running time-trials, and 50 to 200-m in the swimming time-trials. Only four studies found one or several of their performance variables to display daily variations, with significantly better values in the evening; while six studies found no time-of-day significance in any variables assessed. The magnitude of difference ranged from 2.9% to 7.1% for performance time to complete a cycling time-trial, while running and swimming did not find any differences for performance time. Power output during a 16.1-km time trial in cycling also found evening performance to be significantly better by 10%. The only other observed differences were stroke rate and stroke length during a swimming time-trial and stroke rate (cycles.min-1) during a cycling time-trial. The magnitude of difference is dependent on exercise modality, individual chronotype, the training status of the individual and sample size differences. The lack of diurnal variation present in the majority of studies can in-part be explained with some of the methodological limitations and issues present related to quality and control. It is paramount that research assessing diurnal variation in performance uses appropriate session timings around the core body temperature minimum (~05:00 h; morning) and maximum (~17:00 h; evening). Although, differences in motivation/arousal, habitual training times, chronotypes and genotypes could provide an explanation as to why some studies/variables did not display time-of-day variation, more work is needed to provide an accurate conclusion. There is a clear demand for a rigorous, standardised approach to be adopted by future investigations which control factors that specifically relate to investigations of time-of-day, such as appropriate familiarisation, counterbalancing the order of administration of tests, providing sufficient recovery time between sessions and testing within a controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Irene G Peter
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Agreement of telemetric temperature capsules ingested 48 hours apart. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Smith HA, Betts JA. Nutrient timing and metabolic regulation symposium review from "Novel dietary approaches to appetite regulation, health and performance (2021)". J Physiol 2022; 600:1299-1312. [PMID: 35038774 PMCID: PMC9305539 DOI: 10.1113/jp280756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily (circadian) rhythms coordinate our physiology and behaviour with regular environmental changes. Molecular clocks in peripheral tissues (e.g. liver, skeletal muscle and adipose) give rise to rhythms in macronutrient metabolism, appetite regulation and the components of energy balance such that our bodies can align the periodic delivery of nutrients with ongoing metabolic requirements. The timing of meals both in absolute terms (i.e. relative to clock time) and in relative terms (i.e. relative to other daily events) is therefore relevant to metabolism and health. Experimental manipulation of feeding–fasting cycles can advance understanding of the effect of absolute and relative timing of meals on metabolism and health. Such studies have extended the overnight fast by regular breakfast omission and revealed that morning fasting can alter the metabolic response to subsequent meals later in the day, whilst also eliciting compensatory behavioural responses (i.e. reduced physical activity). Similarly, restricting energy intake via alternate‐day fasting also has the potential to elicit a compensatory reduction in physical activity, and so can undermine weight‐loss efforts (i.e. to preserve body fat stores). Interrupting the usual overnight fast (and therefore also the usual sleep cycle) by nocturnal feeding has also been examined and further research is needed to understand the importance of this period for either nutritional intervention or nutritional withdrawal. In summary, it is important for dietary guidelines for human health to consider nutrient timing (i.e. when we eat) alongside the conventional focus on nutrient quantity and nutrient quality (i.e. how much we eat and what we eat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Smith
- Centre for Nutrition Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Ravindrakumar A, Bommasamudram T, Tod D, Edwards BJ, Chtourou H, Pullinger SA. Daily variation in performance measures related to anaerobic power and capacity: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:421-455. [PMID: 34978950 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous functional measures related to anaerobic performance display daily variation. The diversity of tests and protocols used to assess anaerobic performance related to diurnal effects and the lack of a standardized approach have hindered agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in anaerobic performance measures. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus® (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science and multiple electronic libraries were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in male adult participants aged ≥ 18 yrs before May 2021 were included. Studies assessing tests related to anaerobic capacity or anaerobic power between a minimum of two time-points during the day (morning vs evening) were deemed eligible. The primary search revealed that a total of 55 out of 145 articles were considered eligible and subsequently included. Thirty-nine studies assessed anaerobic power and twenty-five anaerobic capacity using different modes of exercise and test protocols. Forty-eight studies found several of their performance variables to display time-of-day effects, with higher values in the evening than the morning, while seven studies did not find any time-of-day significance in any variables which were assessed. The magnitude of difference is dependent on the modality and the exercise protocol used. Performance measures for anaerobic power found jump tests displayed 2.7 to 12.3% differences, force velocity tests ~8% differences, sprint tests 2.7 to 11.3% differences and 5-m multiple shuttle run tests 3.7 to 13.1% differences in favour of the evening. Performance measures for anaerobic capacity found Wingate test to display 1.8 to 11.7% differences and repeated sprint tests to display 3.4 to 10.2% differences. The only test not to display time-of-day differences was the running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Time-of-day variations in anaerobic performance has previously been partially explained by higher core-body and/or muscle temperature and better muscle contractile properties in the afternoon, although recent findings suggest that differences in methodology, motivation/arousal, habitual training times and chronotypes could provide additional explanations. There is a clear demand for a rigorous, standardised approach to be adopted by future investigations which control factors that specifically relate to investigations of time-of-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De l'Education Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax, Sfax Tunisie
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Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a 6-week long, five-participant experiment in a controlled climate chamber. The experiment was designed to understand the effect of time on thermal behaviour, electrodermal activity (EDA) and the adaptive behavior of occupants in response to a thermal non-uniform indoor environment were continuously logged. The results of the 150 h-long longitudinal study suggested a significant difference in tonic EDA levels between “morning” and “afternoon” clusters although the environmental parameters were the same, suggesting a change in the human body’s thermal reception over time. The correlation of the EDA and temperature was greater for the afternoon cluster (r = 0.449, p < 0.001) in relation to the morning cluster (r = 0.332, p < 0.001). These findings showed a strong temporal dependency of the skin conductance level of the EDA to the operative temperature, following the person’s circadian rhythm. Even further, based on the person’s chronotype, the beginning of the “afternoon” cluster was observed to have shifted according to the person’s circadian rhythm. Furthermore, the study is able to show how the body reacts differently under the same PMV values, both within and between subjects; pointing to the lack of temporal parameter in the PMV model.
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A Tangled Threesome: Circadian Rhythm, Body Temperature Variations, and the Immune System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010065. [PMID: 33477463 PMCID: PMC7829919 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In mammals, including humans, the body temperature displays a circadian rhythm and is maintained within a narrow range to facilitate the optimal functioning of physiological processes. Body temperature increases during the daytime and decreases during the nighttime thus influencing the expression of the molecular clock and the clock-control genes such as immune genes. An increase in body temperature (daytime, or fever) also prepares the organism to fight aggression by promoting the activation, function, and delivery of immune cells. Many factors may affect body temperature level and rhythm, including environment, age, hormones, or treatment. The disruption of the body temperature is associated with many kinds of diseases and their severity, thus supporting the assumed association between body temperature rhythm and immune functions. Recent studies using complex analysis suggest that circadian rhythm may change in all aspects (level, period, amplitude) and may be predictive of good or poor outcomes. The monitoring of body temperature is an easy tool to predict outcomes and maybe guide future studies in chronotherapy. Abstract The circadian rhythm of the body temperature (CRBT) is a marker of the central biological clock that results from multiple complex biological processes. In mammals, including humans, the body temperature displays a strict circadian rhythm and has to be maintained within a narrow range to allow optimal physiological functions. There is nowadays growing evidence on the role of the temperature circadian rhythm on the expression of the molecular clock. The CRBT likely participates in the phase coordination of circadian timekeepers in peripheral tissues, thus guaranteeing the proper functioning of the immune system. The disruption of the CRBT, such as fever, has been repeatedly described in diseases and likely reflects a physiological process to activate the molecular clock and trigger the immune response. On the other hand, temperature circadian disruption has also been described as associated with disease severity and thus may mirror or contribute to immune dysfunction. The present review aims to characterize the potential implication of the temperature circadian rhythm on the immune response, from molecular pathways to diseases. The origin of CRBT and physiological changes in body temperature will be mentioned. We further review the immune biological effects of temperature rhythmicity in hosts, vectors, and pathogens. Finally, we discuss the relationship between circadian disruption of the body temperature and diseases and highlight the emerging evidence that CRBT monitoring would be an easy tool to predict outcomes and guide future studies in chronotherapy.
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Regular exercise counteracts circadian shifts in core body temperature during long-duration bed rest. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33402671 PMCID: PMC7785743 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With NASA's plans for the human exploration of Mars, astronauts will be exposed to mission durations much longer than current spaceflight missions on the International Space Station. These mission durations will increase the risk for circadian misalignment. Exercise has gained increasing interest as a non-pharmacological aid to entrain the circadian system. To assess the potential of exercise as a countermeasure to mitigate the risk for circadian disorders during spaceflight, we investigated the effects of long-term head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) with and without exercise on the circadian rhythm of core body temperature. Core body temperature was recorded for 24 h using a rectal probe in sixteen healthy men (age: 30.5 ± 7.5 years (mean ± SD)) after 7 days and 49 days of HDBR. Five participants underwent HDBR only (CTR), five participants underwent HDBR and performed resistive exercises (RE), and six participants underwent HDBR and performed resistive exercises superimposed with vibrations (RVE). The exercise was scheduled three times per week. CTR showed a phase delay of 0.69 h. In contrast, both exercise groups were characterized by a phase advance (0.45 h for RE and 0.45 h for RVE; p = 0.026 for interaction between time and group). These findings suggest that resistive exercise (with or without vibration) may also serve as a countermeasure during spaceflight to mitigate circadian misalignments. The results could also be important for increasing awareness about the role of circadian disorders in long-term bedridden patients.
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Conley S, Proctor DD, Lehner V, Jeon S, Redeker NS. The Feasibility of Measuring Sleep and Circadian Characteristics in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. West J Nurs Res 2020; 43:53-59. [PMID: 32517546 DOI: 10.1177/0193945920933926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in sleep and circadian research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is growing; however, few studies have objectively measured sleep or circadian rhythms in people with these conditions. The purpose was to determine the feasibility of the use of wrist actigraphy, electronic sleep/activity diaries, and participant-collected saliva among adults with both active and inactive IBD. We conducted a 10-day feasibility study of adults aged 18 years to 60 years with IBD. We measured sleep and rest-activity rhythms with wrist actigraphy, self-reported sleep/activity using electronic diaries, and participant-collected saliva to compute salivary dim light melatonin onset. All 37 (100%) participants wore the wrist actigraphs, 91.8% (N = 34) participants completed at least 15 of the 18 electronic diaries, and 34 (91.9%) completed the saliva collection. It is feasible to use wrist actigraphy and electronic sleep/activity diaries in adult participants with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Refinetti R. Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:321-362. [PMID: 33251281 PMCID: PMC7678948 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Komarzynski S, Bolborea M, Huang Q, Finkenstädt B, Lévi F. Predictability of individual circadian phase during daily routine for medical applications of circadian clocks. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130423. [PMID: 31430260 PMCID: PMC6795290 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDCircadian timing of treatments can largely improve tolerability and efficacy in patients. Thus, drug metabolism and cell cycle are controlled by molecular clocks in each cell and coordinated by the core body temperature 24-hour rhythm, which is generated by the hypothalamic pacemaker. Individual circadian phase is currently estimated with questionnaire-based chronotype, center-of-rest time, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), or timing of core body temperature (CBT) maximum (acrophase) or minimum (bathyphase).METHODSWe aimed at circadian phase determination and readout during daily routines in volunteers stratified by sex and age. We measured (a) chronotype, (b) every minute (q1min) CBT using 2 electronic pills swallowed 24 hours apart, (c) DLMO through hourly salivary samples from 1800 hours to bedtime, and (d) q1min accelerations and surface temperature at anterior chest level for 7 days, using a teletransmitting sensor. Circadian phases were computed using cosinor and hidden Markov modeling. Multivariate regression identified the combination of biomarkers that best predicted core temperature circadian bathyphase.RESULTSAmong the 33 participants, individual circadian phases were spread over 5 hours, 10 minutes (DLMO); 7 hours (CBT bathyphase); and 9 hours, 10 minutes (surface temperature acrophase). CBT bathyphase was accurately predicted, i.e., with an error less than 1 hour for 78.8% of the subjects, using a new digital health algorithm (INTime), combining time-invariant sex and chronotype score with computed center-of-rest time and surface temperature bathyphase (adjusted R2 = 0.637).CONCLUSIONINTime provided a continuous and reliable circadian phase estimate in real time. This model helps integrate circadian clocks into precision medicine and will enable treatment timing personalization following further validation.FUNDINGMedical Research Council, United Kingdom; AP-HP Foundation; and INSERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Komarzynski
- Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory, INSERM U935, Villejuif, France
| | - Matei Bolborea
- Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences and
| | - Qi Huang
- Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Department of Statistics, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bärbel Finkenstädt
- INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory, INSERM U935, Villejuif, France.,Department of Statistics, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Lévi
- Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory, INSERM U935, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Perturbed diurnal rhythms are becoming increasingly evident as deleterious events in the pathology of metabolic diseases. Exercise is well characterized as a crucial intervention in the prevention and treatment of individuals with metabolic diseases. Little is known, however, regarding optimizing the timing of exercise bouts in order to maximize their health benefits. Furthermore, exercise is a potent modulator of skeletal muscle metabolism, and it is clear that skeletal muscle has a strong circadian profile. In humans, mitochondrial function peaks in the late afternoon, and the circadian clock might be inherently impaired in myotubes from patients with metabolic disease. Timing exercise bouts to coordinate with an individual's circadian rhythms might be an efficacious strategy to optimize the health benefits of exercise. The role of exercise as a Zeitgeber can also be used as a tool in combating metabolic disease. Shift work is known to induce acute insulin resistance, and appropriately timed exercise might improve health markers in shift workers who are at risk of metabolic disease. In this Review, we discuss the literature regarding diurnal skeletal muscle metabolism and the interaction with exercise bouts at different times of the day to combat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gubin DG, Malishevskaya ТN, Astakhov YS, Astakhov SY, Cornelissen G, Kuznetsov VA, Weinert D. Progressive retinal ganglion cell loss in primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with temperature circadian rhythm phase delay and compromised sleep. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:564-577. [PMID: 30663431 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1566741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell complex (RGCC) damage that may cause subsequent disruption of the circadian rhythms. Therefore, we evaluated circadian body temperature (BT) rhythm and sleep characteristics of 115 individuals (38 men and 77 women) diagnosed with POAG. GLV (global loss volume; %), a measure of RGCC damage, was estimated by high-definition optical coherence tomography, and RGC functional ability was assessed by pattern electroretinogram amplitude (PERGA). Depending on dynamics of POAG progression criteria, two groups were formed that were distinctively different in GLV: Stable POAG group (S-POAG; GLV = 5.95 ± 1.84, n = 65) and Progressive POAG group (P-POAG; GLV = 24.27 ± 5.09, n = 50). S-POAG and P-POAG groups were not different in mean age (67.61 ± 7.56 versus 69.98 ± 8.15) or body mass index (24.66 ± 3.03 versus 24.77 ± 2.90). All subjects performed 21 around-the-clock BT self-measurements during a 72-h period and kept activity/sleep diaries. Results showed pronounced disruption of circadian physiology in POAG and its progression with increasing severity of the disease. The daily mean of BT was unusually low, compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, our results revealed distinctive features of BT circadian rhythm alterations in POAG development and POAG progression. S-POAG is associated with lowered BT circadian rhythm robustness and inter-daily phase stability compared to controls. In the P-POAG group, the mean phase of the circadian BT rhythm was delayed by about 5 h and phases were highly scattered among individual patients, which led to reduced group mean amplitude. Circadian amplitudes of individuals were not different between the groups. Altogether, these results suggest that the body clock still works in POAG patients, but its entrainment to the 24-h environment is compromised. Probably because of the internal desynchronization, bedtime is delayed, and sleep duration is accordingly shortened by about 55 min in P-POAG compared to S-POAG patients. In the entire POAG cohort (both groups), later sleep phase and shorter mean sleep duration correlate with the delayed BT phase (r = 0.215; p = 0.021 and r = 0.322; p = 0.0004, respectively). An RGCC GLV of 15% apparently constitutes a threshold above which a delay of the circadian BT rhythm and a shortening of sleep duration occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Gubin
- a Department of Biology , Medical University , Tyumen , Russia.,b Tyumen Cardiology Research Center , Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Т N Malishevskaya
- c Department of Organization of Medical Care , State Autonomous Health Care Institution Tyumen Regional Ophthalmological Dispensary , Tyumen , Russia.,d Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry , West-Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education , Tyumen , Russia
| | - Y S Astakhov
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - S Y Astakhov
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - G Cornelissen
- f Halberg Chronobiology Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - V A Kuznetsov
- b Tyumen Cardiology Research Center , Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science , Tomsk , Russia
| | - D Weinert
- g Institute of Biology/Zoology , Martin Luther University , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany
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18
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Brotherton EJ, Moseley SE, Langan-Evans C, Pullinger SA, Robertson CM, Burniston JG, Edwards BJ. Effects of two nights partial sleep deprivation on an evening submaximal weightlifting performance; are 1 h powernaps useful on the day of competition? Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:407-426. [PMID: 30626222 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1552702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis J. Brotherton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E. Moseley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carl Langan-Evans
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samuel A. Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Colin M. Robertson
- School for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Bolton, Bolton, Lancashire, UK
| | - Jatin G. Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J. Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Pullinger S, Robertson CM, Oakley AJ, Hobbs R, Hughes M, Burniston JG, Edwards BJ. Effects of an active warm-up on variation in bench press and back squat (upper and lower body measures). Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:392-406. [PMID: 30585502 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1552596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the magnitude of diurnal variation in back squat and bench press using the MuscleLab linear encoder over three different loads and assessed the benefit of an active warm-up to establish whether diurnal variation could be negated. Ten resistance-trained males underwent (mean ± SD: age 21.0 ± 1.3 years, height 1.77 ± 0.06 m, and body mass 82.8 ± 14.9 kg) three sessions. These included control morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h) sessions (5-min standardized warm-up at 150 W, on a cycle ergometer), and one further session consisting of an extended active warm-up morning trial (ME, 07:30 h) until rectal temperature (Trec) reached previously recorded resting evening levels (at 150 W, on a cycle ergometer). All sessions included handgrip, followed by a defined program of bench press (at 20, 40, and 60 kg) and back squat (at 30, 50, and 70 kg) exercises. A linear encoder was attached to an Olympic bar used for the exercises and average force (AF), peak velocity (PV), and time to peak velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software; MuscleLab Technology, Langesund, Norway) during the concentric phase of the movements. Values for Trec were higher in the E session compared to values in the M session (Δ0.53 °C, P < 0.0005). Following the extended active warm-up in the morning (ME), Trec and Tm values were no different to the E values (P < 0.05). Values for Tm were lower in the M compared to the E condition throughout (P < 0.05). There were time-of-day effects for hand grip with higher values of 6.49% for left (P = 0.05) and 4.61% for right hand (P = 0.002) in the E compared to the M. Daily variations were apparent for both bench press and back squat performance for AF (3.28% and 2.63%), PV (13.64% and 11.50%), and tPV (-16.97% and -14.12%, where a negative number indicates a decrease in the variable from morning to evening). There was a main effect for load (P < 0.0005) such that AF and PV values were larger at higher masses on the bar than lower ones and tPV was smaller at lower masses on the bar than at higher masses for both bench press and back squat. We established that increasing Trec in the M-E values did not result in an increase of any measures related to bench press and back squat performance (P > 0.05) to increase from M to E levels. Therefore, MuscleLab linear encoder could detect meaningful differences between the morning and evening for all variables. However, the diurnal variation in bench press and back squat (measures of lower and upper body force and power output) is not explained by time-of-day oscillations in Trec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pullinger
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.,b Sports Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar
| | - Colin M Robertson
- c School for Sport and Biological Sciences , University of Bolton , Bolton , Lancashire , UK
| | - Aiden J Oakley
- b Sports Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar
| | - Robert Hobbs
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Michael Hughes
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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20
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Roxane B, Ouma Chandrou K, Pierre Alexandre C, Christophe C, Bruno S, Stéphane B, Hervé N, Sébastien M, Nicolas B. Gastrointestinal thermal homogeneity and effect of cold water ingestion. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:204-208. [PMID: 30509636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal temperature (GIT) is a common alternative for body core temperature (CT) monitoring via an ingestible pill connected to an external monitor. However, its reliability could depend on thermal homogeneity, regardless of the gastrointestinal tract location. The purpose of this study was to evaluate GIT variation during the transit of telemetric pills and the impact of cold drink ingestion compared to the time point of pill intake. METHODS Twenty-three healthy participants ingested six e-Celsius electronic pills, one every five hours, and they ingested 150 milliliters of cold water (5 +/- 1 °C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h following the first pill ingestion. RESULTS The recorded temperature remained similar between pills consecutively ingested by each subject, regardless of the internal location within the gastrointestinal tract, supporting the homogeneity of GIT. GIT monitoring was significantly affected by ingestion of a cold drink two hours (-0.8 ± 0.2 °C; p = 0.001) and three hours following pill ingestion (-0.9 ± 0.2 °C; p < 0.001) in all subjects, and abnormal drops in GIT were observed in 22% of subjects up to twelve hours following pill ingestion. CONCLUSION Temperature may be considered homogenous all along the internal intestinal tract and correlates with CT, supporting telemetric monitoring as an efficient method for monitoring temperature. The interaction between GIT measurements and substance intake has to be taken into account. To avoid the effect of substance ingestion on CT data, we recommend users to employ the pill as a rectal suppository or to mark every substance ingestion time and/or allow only tepid water and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sesboüé Bruno
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Normand Hervé
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Bessot Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, 14000 Caen, France.
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21
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Robertson CM, Pullinger SA, Robinson WR, Smith ME, Burniston JG, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Is the diurnal variation in muscle force output detected/detectable when multi-joint movements are analysed using the musclelab force-velocity encoder? Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1391-1401. [PMID: 29944449 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1485685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the magnitude of diurnal variation in back squat and bench press performance using the MuscleLab force velocity transducer. Thirty resistance-trained males (mean ± SD: age 21.7 ± 1.4 years; body mass 80.5 ± 4.5 kg; height 1.79 ± 0.06 m) underwent two sessions at different times of day: morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h). Each session included a period when rectal temperature (Trec) was measured at rest, a 5-min standardized 150 W warm-up on a cycle ergometer, then defined programme of bench press (at 20, 40 and 60 kg) and back squat (at 30, 50 and 70 kg) exercises. A linear encoder was attached to an Olympic bar used for the exercises and average force (AF), peak velocity (PV) and time-to-peak velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software; MuscleLab Technology, Langesund, Norway) during the concentric phase of the movements. Values for Trec at rest were higher in the evening compared to morning values (0.48°C, P < 0.0005). Daily variations were apparent for both bench press and back squat performance for AF (1.9 and 2.5%), PV (8.3 and 12.7%) and tPV (-16.6 and -9.8%; where a negative number indicates a decrease in the variable from morning to evening). There was a main effect for load where AF and tPV increased and PV decreased from the lightest load to the heaviest for both bench press and back squat (47.1 and 80.2%; 31.7 and 57.7%; -42.1 and -73.9%; P < 0.0005 where a negative number indicates a decrease in the variable with increasing load). An interaction was found only for tPV, such that the tPV occurs earlier in the evening than the morning at the highest loads (60 and 70 kg) for both bench press and back squat, respectively (mean difference of 0.32 and 0.62 s). In summary, diurnal variation in back squat and bench press was shown; and the tPV in complex multi-joint movements occurs earlier during the concentric phase of exercise when back squat or bench press is performed in the evening compared to the morning. This difference can be detected using a low cost, portable and widely available commercial instrument and enables translation of past laboratory/tightly controlled experimental research in to main-stream coaching practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Robertson
- a School for Sport and Biological Sciences , University of Bolton , Bolton , UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.,c Sports Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar
| | - William R Robinson
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Mathew E Smith
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - James M Waterhouse
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Pullinger SA, Oksa J, Clark LF, Guyatt JWF, Newlove A, Burniston JG, Doran DA, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Diurnal variation in repeated sprint performance cannot be offset when rectal and muscle temperatures are at optimal levels (38.5°C). Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1054-1065. [PMID: 29566344 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1454938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether increasing morning rectal temperatures (Trec) to evening levels, or increasing morning and evening Trec to an "optimal" level (38.5°C), resulting in increased muscle temperatures (Tm), would offset diurnal variation in repeated sprint (RS) performance in a causal manner. Twelve trained males underwent five sessions [age (mean ± SD) 21.0 ± 2.3 years, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 60.0 ± 4.4 mL.kg-1 min-1, height 1.79 ± 0.06 m, body mass 78.2 ± 11.8 kg]. These included control morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h) sessions (5-min warm-up), and three further sessions consisting of a warm-up morning trial (ME, in 39-40°C water) until Trec reached evening levels; two "optimal" trials in the morning and evening (M38.5 and E38.5, in 39-40°C water) respectively, until Trec reached 38.5°C. All sessions included 3 × 3-s task-specific warm-up sprints, thereafter 10 × 3-s RS with 30-s recoveries were performed a non-motorised treadmill. Trec and Tm measurements were taken at the start of the protocol and following the warm-up periods. Values for Trec and Tm at rest were higher in the evening compared to morning values (0.48°C and 0.69°C, p < 0.0005). RS performance was lower (7.8-8.3%) in the M for distance covered (DC; p = 0.002), average power (AP; p = 0.029) and average velocity (AV; p = 0.002). Increasing Trec in the morning to evening values or optimal values (38.5°C) did not increase RS performance to evening levels (p = 1.000). However, increasing Trec in the evening to "optimal" level through a passive warm-up significantly reduced DC (p = 0.008), AP (p < 0.0005) and AV (p = 0.007) to values found in the M condition (6.0-6.9%). Diurnal variation in Trec and Tm is not wholly accountable for time-of-day oscillations in RS performance on a non-motorised treadmill; the exact mechanism(s) for a causal link between central temperature and human performance are still unclear and require more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Pullinger
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.,b Sports Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar
| | - Juha Oksa
- c Research Department , Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Oulu , Finland
| | - Liam F Clark
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Joe W F Guyatt
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Antonia Newlove
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Dominic A Doran
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - James M Waterhouse
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Pullinger SA, Oksa J, Brocklehurst EL, Iveson RP, Newlove A, Burniston JG, Doran DA, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Controlling rectal and muscle temperatures: Can we offset diurnal variation in repeated sprint performance? Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:959-968. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1444626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Pullinger
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Juha Oksa
- Research Department, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emma L. Brocklehurst
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Reece P. Iveson
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonia Newlove
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jatin G. Burniston
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dominic A. Doran
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James M. Waterhouse
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J. Edwards
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Department, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Costa CMA, Moreira DG, Sillero-Quintana M, Brito CJ, de Azambuja Pussieldi G, de Andrade Fernandes A, Cano SP, Bouzas Marins JC. Daily rhythm of skin temperature of women evaluated by infrared thermal imaging. J Therm Biol 2018; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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du Toit L, van Dyk D, Hofmeyr R, Lombard CJ, Dyer RA. Core Temperature Monitoring in Obstetric Spinal Anesthesia Using an Ingestible Telemetric Sensor. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:190-195. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Davy J, Göbel M. The effects of extended nap periods on cognitive, physiological and subjective responses under simulated night shift conditions. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:169-187. [PMID: 29144168 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1391277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended nap opportunities have been effective in maintaining alertness in the context of extended night shifts (+12 h). However, there is limited evidence of their efficacy during 8-h shifts. Thus, this study explored the effects of extended naps on cognitive, physiological and perceptual responses during four simulated, 8-h night shifts. In a laboratory setting, 32 participants were allocated to one of three conditions. All participants completed four consecutive, 8-h night shifts, with the arrangements differing by condition. The fixed night condition worked from 22h00 to 06h00, while the nap early group worked from 20h00 to 08h00 and napped between 00h00 and 03h20. The nap late group worked from 00h00 to 12h00 and napped between 04h00 and 07h20. Nap length was limited to 3 hours and 20 minutes. Participants performed a simple beading task during each shift, while also completing six to eight test batteries roughly every 2 h. During each shift, six test batteries were completed, in which the following measures were taken. Performance indicators included beading output, eye accommodation time, choice reaction time, visual vigilance, simple reaction time, processing speed and object recognition, working memory, motor response time and tracking performance. Physiological measures included heart rate and tympanic temperature, whereas subjective sleepiness and reported sleep length and quality while outside the laboratory constituted the self reported measures. Both naps reduced subjective sleepiness but did not alter the circadian and homeostatic-related changes in cognitive and physiological measures, relative to the fixed night condition. Additionally, there was evidence of sleep inertia following each nap, which resulted in transient reductions in certain perceptual cognitive performance measures. The present study suggested that there were some benefits associated with including an extended nap during 8-h night shifts. However, the effects of sleep inertia need to be effectively managed to ensure that post-nap alertness and performance is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Davy
- a Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa
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Ekhart D, Wicht H, Kersken T, Ackermann H, Kaczmarczyk M, Pretzsch G, Alexander H, Korf HW. Dynamics of core body temperature cycles in long-term measurements under real life conditions in women. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:8-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1375942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ekhart
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Wicht
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - H Ackermann
- Institut für Biostatistik und mathematische Modellierung, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kaczmarczyk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Pretzsch
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Alexander
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - HW Korf
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Cuesta M, Boudreau P, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. Skin Temperature Rhythms in Humans Respond to Changes in the Timing of Sleep and Light. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:257-273. [PMID: 28569119 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417702974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature is known to vary with circadian phase and to be influenced by factors that can mask its circadian expression. We wanted to test whether skin temperature rhythms were sensitive to an abrupt shift of the sleep schedule and to the resetting effects of light. Nineteen healthy subjects spent 6 days in time isolation and underwent a simulated night-shift procedure. They were assigned to either a control group ( n = 10) or bright light group ( n = 9) and measurements were taken under a baseline day-oriented schedule and during the 4th cycle of a night-oriented schedule. In the bright light group, participants were exposed to a 3-cycle 8-h exposure of ~6,500 lux at night, while the control group remained in dim light conditions (~3 lux). Skin temperature was recorded in 10 and 4 participants from the control and bright light groups, respectively. We found significant circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin, core body temperature (CBT), and skin temperature at baseline for both groups ( p < 0.001 for all). Rhythms of melatonin, CBT, and skin temperature following night shifts were significantly phase delayed by about 7 to 9 h ( p < 0.05) in response to bright light at night, whereas there was no shift in the control group. In addition, we found that at bedtime melatonin does not consistently increase before the increase in distal skin temperature and subsequent decrease in CBT, in contrast to what has been previously reported. The present study shows that, in constant posture conditions, skin temperature rhythms have an evoked component sensitive to abrupt changes in the timing of sleep. They also comprise an endogenous component that is sensitive to the resetting effects of bright light exposure. These results have applications for the determination of circadian phase, as skin temperature is less intrusive than rectal temperature recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cuesta
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Sim SY, Joo KM, Kim HB, Jang S, Kim B, Hong S, Kim S, Park KS. Estimation of Circadian Body Temperature Rhythm Based on Heart Rate in Healthy, Ambulatory Subjects. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2017; 21:407-415. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2529655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mendt S, Maggioni MA, Nordine M, Steinach M, Opatz O, Belavý D, Felsenberg D, Koch J, Shang P, Gunga HC, Stahn A. Circadian rhythms in bed rest: Monitoring core body temperature via heat-flux approach is superior to skin surface temperature. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:666-676. [PMID: 27726448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1224241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous recordings of core body temperature (CBT) are a well-established approach in describing circadian rhythms. Given the discomfort of invasive CBT measurement techniques, the use of skin temperature recordings has been proposed as a surrogate. More recently, we proposed a heat-flux approach (the so-called Double Sensor) for monitoring CBT. Studies investigating the reliability of the heat-flux approach over a 24-hour period, as well as comparisons with skin temperature recordings, are however lacking. The first aim of the study was therefore to compare rectal, skin, and heat-flux temperature recordings for monitoring circadian rhythm. In addition, to assess the optimal placement of sensor probes, we also investigated the effect of different anatomical measurement sites, i.e. sensor probes positioned at the forehead vs. the sternum. Data were collected as part of the Berlin BedRest study (BBR2-2) under controlled, standardized, and thermoneutral conditions. 24-hours temperature data of seven healthy males were collected after 50 days of -6° head-down tilt bed-rest. Mean Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a high association between rectal and forehead temperature recordings (r > 0.80 for skin and Double Sensor). In contrast, only a poor to moderate relationship was observed for sensors positioned at the sternum (r = -0.02 and r = 0.52 for skin and Double Sensor, respectively). Cross-correlation analyses further confirmed the feasibility of the forehead as a preferred monitoring site. The phase difference between forehead Double Sensor and rectal recordings was not statistically different from zero (p = 0.313), and was significantly smaller than the phase difference between forehead skin and rectal temperatures (p = 0.016). These findings were substantiated by cosinor analyses, revealing significant differences for mesor, amplitude, and acrophase between rectal and forehead skin temperature recordings, but not between forehead Double Sensor and rectal temperature measurements. Finally, Bland-Altman analysis indicated narrower limits of agreement for rhythm parameters between rectal and Double Sensor measurements compared to between rectal and skin recordings, irrespective of the measurement site (i.e. forehead, sternum). Based on these data we conclude that (1) Double Sensor recordings are significantly superior to skin temperature measurements for non-invasively assessing the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature, and (2) temperature rhythms from the sternum are less reliable than from the forehead. We suggest that forehead Double Sensor recordings may provide a surrogate for rectal temperature in circadian rhythm research, where constant routine protocols are applied. Future studies will be needed to assess the sensor's ecological validity outside the laboratory under changing environmental and physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mendt
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Michael Nordine
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Oliver Opatz
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Daniel Belavý
- c Centre for Muscle and Bone Research , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,d Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University , Burwood , Australia
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- c Centre for Muscle and Bone Research , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jochim Koch
- e Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Lübeck , Germany
| | - Peng Shang
- f Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander Stahn
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,g Division of Sleep and Chronobiology , Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Thomas KA, Burr R, Wang SY, Lentz MJ, Shaver J. Axillary and Thoracic Skin Temperatures Poorly Comparable to Core Body Temperature Circadian Rhythm: Results from 2 Adult Populations. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 5:187-94. [PMID: 14737919 DOI: 10.1177/1099800403260620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Data from 2 separate studies were used to examine the relationships of axillary or thoracic skin temperature to rectal temperature and to determine the phase relationships of the circadian rhythms of these temperatures. In study 1, axillary skin and rectal temperatures were recorded in 19 healthy women, 21 to 36 years of age. In study 2, thoracic skin and rectal temperatures were recorded in 74 healthy women, 39 to 59 years of age. In both studies, temperatures were recorded continuously for 24 h while subjects carried out normal activities. Axillary and thoracic probes were insulated purposely to prevent ambient effects. Cosinor analysis was employed to estimate circadian rhythm mesor, amplitude, and acrophase. In addition, correlations between temperatures at various measurement sites were calculated and agreement determined. The circadian timing of axillary and skin temperatures did not closely approximate that of rectal temperature: the mean acrophase (clock time) for study 1 was 18:57 h for axillary temperature and 16:12 h for rectal; for study 2, it was 03:05 h for thoracic and 15:05 h for rectal. Across individual subjects, the correlations of axillary or thoracic temperatures with rectal temperatures were variable. Results do not support the use of either axillary or skin temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature in circadian rhythm research related to adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, Box 357262, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, USA.
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Travers GJS, Nichols DS, Farooq A, Racinais S, Périard JD. Validation of an ingestible temperature data logging and telemetry system during exercise in the heat. Temperature (Austin) 2016; 3:208-219. [PMID: 27857951 PMCID: PMC4965001 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1171281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Intestinal temperature telemetry systems are promising monitoring and research tools in athletes. However, the additional equipment that must be carried to continuously record temperature data limits their use to training. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a new gastrointestinal temperature data logging and telemetry system (e-Celsius™) during water bath experimentation and exercise trials. Materials and Methods: Temperature readings of 23 pairs of e-Celsius (TeC) and VitalSense (TVS) ingestible capsules were compared to rectal thermistor responses (Trec) at 35, 38.5 and 42°C in a water bath. Devices were also assessed in vivo during steady-state cycling (n = 11) and intermittent running (n = 11) in hot conditions. Results: The water bath experiment showed TVS and TeC under-reported Trec (P<0.001). This underestimation of Trec also occurred during both cycling (mean bias vs TVS: 0.21°C, ICC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.66–0.91; mean bias vs. TeC: 0.44°C, ICC: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.07–0.86, P<0.05) and running trials (mean bias vs. TVS: 0.15°C, ICC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96; mean bias vs. TeC: 0.25, ICC: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.61–0.94, P<0.05). However, calibrating the devices attenuated this difference during cycling and eliminated it during running. During recovery following cycling exercise, TeC and TVS were significantly lower than Trec despite calibration (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that both TeC and TVS under-report Trec during steady-state and intermittent exercise in the heat, with TeC predicting Trec with the least accuracy of the telemetry devices. It is therefore recommended to calibrate these devices at multiple temperatures prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J S Travers
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Department of Life Sciences, The Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - David S Nichols
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moore's University, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha, Qatar
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha, Qatar
| | - Julien D Périard
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha, Qatar
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Gomes NF, de Oliveira LJR, Rabelo IP, de Jesus Pereira AN, Andrade EF, Orlando DR, Zangeronimo MG, Pereira LJ. Influence of training in the dark or light phase on physiologic and metabolic parameters ofWistarrats submitted to aerobic exercise. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Costa CMA, Sillero-Quintana M, Piñonosa Cano S, Moreira DG, Brito CJ, Fernandes AA, Pussieldi GA, Marins JCB. Daily oscillations of skin temperature in military personnel using thermography. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:335-342. [PMID: 26385071 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human body makes many physiological adjustments throughout the day, including adjustments to body temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine oscillations in the skin temperature (Tsk-1-Tsk-25) at 25 body regions of interest (ROIs) over 1 day using infrared thermography. METHODS Tsk values of 31 male (age 22.9±3.0 years) Brazilian Air Force members were evaluated from five thermograms collected at 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 h (Tsk7,11,15,19,23) by a Fluke imager. We applied one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures for the different times of the day and Tukey's post hoc test to determine significant Tsk differences between ROIs (α=0.05), and the cosinor analysis was used to determine the midline estimating statistic of rhythm, amplitude and acrophase of Tsk during the 24 h period. RESULTS The anterior hands showed the greatest Tsk variations throughout the day. In the lower limbs, scapula, abdomen, chest and lower back, Tsk-11, Tsk-15, Tsk-19 and Tsk-23 were significantly different (p<0.05) from Tsk-7. The lowest Tsk values were obtained in the early morning, with increases in the afternoon and levelling after 15:00. CONCLUSIONS The Tsk at all ROIs and the averaged Tsk showed oscillations throughout the day, with the lowest values in the early morning (07:00). Temperature fluctuations depended on the specific ROI, with thermal stabilisation in some regions in the afternoon and a central upward trend throughout the day in the hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil Aeronatutics Instruction and Adaptation Center, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Piñonosa Cano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - D G Moreira
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C J Brito
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A A Fernandes
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G A Pussieldi
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J C B Marins
- Federal University of Viçosa, Laboratory Human Performance, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Savoie FA, Dion T, Asselin A, Gariepy C, Boucher PM, Berrigan F, Goulet EDB. Intestinal temperature does not reflect rectal temperature during prolonged, intense running with cold fluid ingestion. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:259-72. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/2/259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures. J Therm Biol 2014; 46:72-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pullinger SA, Brocklehurst EL, Iveson RP, Burniston JG, Doran DA, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Is there a diurnal variation in repeated sprint ability on a non-motorised treadmill? Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:421-32. [PMID: 24328815 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.865643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In active males, muscle force production and short-term (<6 s) anaerobic performance are significantly greater in the evening compared with the morning. This diurnal variation is attributed to motivational, peripheral and central factors, and possibly the higher core and muscle temperatures observed in the evening. However, little is known regarding whether diurnal variation on a treadmill also exists in team-sport specific tests of repeated sprint ability (RSA), as would be relevant to football, for example. A controlled laboratory protocol using a non-motorised treadmill has been used to investigate whether daily variation in RSA is present in highly motivated athletes. Twenty active males (mean ± SD: age, 21.0 ± 2.2 yrs; maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] max), 60.8 ± 4.8 ml kg min(-1); body mass, 77.02 ± 10.5 kg and height, 1.79 ± 0.07 m) volunteered and completed two sessions counterbalanced in order of administration (separated by >48 h): a morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h) session. Both sessions included a 5-min active warm-up on a motorised treadmill at 10 km h(-1) followed by three task-specific warm-up sprints at 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, on a non-motorised treadmill. During each trial, 10 × 3 s repeated sprints with 30 s recoveries were performed on the non-motorised treadmill. Rectal (Trec) and muscle temperature measurements (Tm) were taken after subjects had reclined for 30 min at the start of the protocol, and again after the active warm-up. Values of heart rate, thermal comfort (TC), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and effort were measured throughout. Blood samples were taken at rest, after the sprints and 5-min post sprints. Data were analysed using a GLM with repeated measures. Trec and Tm values were higher at rest in the evening than the morning (0.46 °C and 0.57 °C, respectively, p < 0.05). Distance covered, peak power, average power, peak velocity and average velocity all showed significantly higher values in the evening compared with the morning (a range of 3.3-8.3%, p < 0.05), with peak power displaying a statistical trend (0.10 > p > 0.05). All subjects reported maximal values for "effort" for each sprint. There were significant positive correlations between Trec and Tm, Trec and RPE, TC and all measures of RSA performance. However, there was no correlation between fatigue index for peak power output or peak velocity and Trec. In summary, in this population of motivated subjects, time-of-day effects were seen in resting Trec and Tm values and all performance measures of RSA, in partial agreement with past research. The diurnal variation in Trec and Tm cannot fully explain time-of-day oscillations in RSA on a non-motorised treadmill. Although central temperature may provide some endogenous rhythm to human performance, the causal link seems to be due to a multiplicity of components and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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38
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Park SJ, Waterhouse J. A comparison between rhythms in forehead skin and rectal (core) temperature in sedentary subjects living in a thermally neutral environment. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.830849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Robinson WR, Pullinger SA, Kerry JW, Giacomoni M, Robertson CM, Burniston JG, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Does lowering evening rectal temperature to morning levels offset the diurnal variation in muscle force production? Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:998-1010. [PMID: 23863092 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.793197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle force production and power output in active males, regardless of the site of measurement (hand, leg, or back), are higher in the evening than the morning. This diurnal variation is attributed to motivational, peripheral, and central factors and higher core and, possibly, muscle temperatures in the evening. This study investigated whether decreasing evening resting rectal temperatures to morning values, by immersion in a water tank, leads to muscle force production and power output becoming equal to morning values in motivated subjects. Ten healthy active males (mean ± SD: age, 22.5 ± 1.3 yrs; body mass, 80.1 ± 7.8 kg; height, 1.72 ± 0.05 m) completed the study, which was approved by the local ethics committee of the university. The subjects were familiarized with the techniques and protocol and then completed three sessions (separated by at least 48 h): control morning (07:30 h) and evening (17:30 h) sessions (with an active 5-min warm-up on a cycle ergometer at 150 W) and then a further session at 17:30 h but preceded by an immersion in cold water (~16.5 °C) to lower rectal temperature (Trec) to morning values. During each trial, three measures of grip strength, isokinetic leg strength measurements (of knee flexion and extension at 1.05 and 4.19 rad s(-1) through a 90° range of motion), and three measures of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) on an isometric dynamometer (utilizing the twitch-interpolation technique) were performed. Trec, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal comfort (TC) were also measured after the subjects had reclined for 30 min at the start of the protocol and prior to the measures for grip, isokinetic, and isometric dynamometry. Muscle temperature was taken after the warm-up or water immersion and immediately before the isokinetic and MVC measurements. Data were analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. Trec values were higher at rest in the evening (by 0.37 °C; p < 0.05) than the morning, but values were no different from morning values immediately after the passive pre-cooling. However, Trec progressively decreased throughout the experiments, this being reflected in the subjects' ratings of thermal comfort. Muscle temperatures also displayed significant diurnal variation, with higher values in the evening (by 0.39 °C; p < 0.05). Right grip strength, isometric peak power, isokinetic knee flexion and extension for peak torque and peak power at 1.05 rad s(-1), and knee extension for peak torque at 4.19 rad s(-1) all showed higher values in the evening (a range of 3-14%), and all other measures of strength or power showed a statistical trend to be higher in the evening (0.10 > p > 0.05). Pre-cooling in the evening significantly reduced force or power variables towards morning values. In summary, effects of time of day were seen in some measures of muscle performance, in agreement with past research. However, in this population of motivated subjects, there was evidence that decreasing evening Trec to morning values by coldwater immersion decreased muscle strength to values similar to those found in the morning. It is concluded that diurnal changes in muscle performance are linked to diurnal changes in Trec.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Ballegaard S, Petersen PB, Gyntelberg F, Faber J. The association between pressure pain sensitivity, and answers to questionnaires estimating psychological stress level in the workplace. A feasibility study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 72:459-66. [PMID: 22974296 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.695023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum as a measure of persistent stress assessed by questionnaires in a working population. METHODS In 308 office employees PPS measurement was compared to Quality of life questionnaires: SF-36 for general physical and mental health, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI); 50 specific clinical symptoms for persistent stress; subjective evaluation of present and long-term stress level on a 7-point ordinal scale. Repeated measures were used to validate the PPS method. RESULTS A significant correlation between PPS and a persistent stress condition evaluated from SF-36, MDI and a number of clinical symptoms were found (all p < 0.01). Persons with PPS ≥ 60 units had an elevated health risk profile based on the questionnaires, when compared to persons with PPS ≤ 40 (all p < 0.05) (all odds ratios > 2). When categorizing a person with PPS ≥ 60 as persistently stressed (27% of subject), and using SF-36, MDI and the number of stress signs for risk calculation, the remaining 73% of the subjects, with no elevated health risk factors, were identified with an 80% specificity. During home measurements, with a full day between measurements, between-measurement correlation coefficient was 0.87 and categorization reproducibility 87% (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In office workers, the PPS measurement correlated to several QOL questionnaires and was found useful for persistent stress screening. Validation studies demonstrated sufficient reproducibility including during self measurement at home.
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Edwards BJ, Pullinger SA, Kerry JW, Robinson WR, Reilly TP, Robertson CM, Waterhouse JM. Does raising morning rectal temperature to evening levels offset the diurnal variation in muscle force production? Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:486-501. [PMID: 23281719 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.741174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle force production and power output in active males, regardless of the site of measurement (hand, leg, or back), are higher in the evening than in the morning. This diurnal variation is attributed to motivational, peripheral and central factors, and higher core and, possibly, muscle temperatures in the evening. This study investigated whether increasing morning rectal temperatures to evening resting values, by active or passive warm-ups, leads to muscle force production and power output becoming equal to evening values in motivated subjects. Ten healthy active males (mean ± SD: age, 21.2 ± 1.9 yrs; body mass, 75.4 ± 8 kg; height, 1.76 ± .06 m) completed the study, which was approved by the University Ethics Committee. The subjects were familiarized with the techniques and protocol and then completed four sessions (separated by at least 48 h): control morning (07:30 h) and evening (17:30 h) sessions (with an active 5-min warm-up) and then two further sessions at 07:30 h but proceeded by an extended active or passive warm-up to raise rectal temperature to evening values. These last two sessions were counterbalanced in order of administration. During each trial, three measures of handgrip strength, isokinetic leg strength measurements (of knee flexion and extension at 1.05 and 4.19 rad.s(-1) through a 90° range of motion), and four measures of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) on an isometric ergometer (utilizing the twitch-interpolation technique) were performed. Rectal and intra-aural temperatures, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal comfort (TC) were measured. Measurements were made after the subjects had reclined for 30 min and after the warm-ups and prior to the measurement of handgrip and isokinetic and isometric ergometry. Muscle temperature was taken after the warm-up and immediately before the isokinetic and MVC measurements. Warm-ups were either active (cycle ergometer at 150 W) or passive (resting in a room at 35 °C, relative humidity 45%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance models with repeated measures. Rectal and intra-aural temperatures were higher at rest in the evening (.56 °C and .74 °C; p < .05) than in the morning, but there were no differences after the active or passive warm-ups, the subjects' ratings of thermal comfort reflecting this. Muscle temperatures also displayed significant diurnal variation, with higher values in the evening (~.31 °C; p < .05). Grip strength, isokinetic knee flexion for peak torque and peak power at 1.05 rad.s(-1), and knee extension for peak torque at 4.19 rad.s(-1) all showed higher values in the evening. All other measures of strength or power showed a trend to be higher in the evening ( .10 > p > .05). There was no significant effect of active or passive warm-ups on any strength or power variable, and subjects reported maximal values for effort for each strength measure. In summary, effects of time of day were seen in some measures of muscle performance but, in this population of motivated subjects, there was no evidence that increasing morning rectal temperature to evening values by active or passive warm-up increased muscle strength to evening values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Liu Y, Zhu SH, Wang GH, Ye F, Li PZ. Validity and reliability of multiparameter physiological measurements recorded by the Equivital LifeMonitor during activities of various intensities. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2013; 10:78-85. [PMID: 23259751 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.747404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Equivital LifeMonitor EQ02 is a multiparameter body-worn system capable of logging and transmitting physiological data describing a wearer's cardiorespiratory and thermal status. A number of vital signs can be acquired by the system, including electrocardiography, respiratory inductance plethysmography, posture/activity, multipoint skin temperature, and core temperature. The validity and reliability of the multiparameter physiological data recorded by the EQ02 were assessed. Participants performed resting, low-, and moderate intensity activities and wore the EQ02 and other calibrated laboratory physiological monitoring devices simultaneously. Heart rate, respiratory rate, multipoint skin temperature, and core temperature recorded by the EQ02 were compared with measurements recorded by standard devices. Results show that the validity error scores for HR and RR for all three activities were not significantly different from zero, and the CV, 95% LOA, and r were all clinically accepted. The validity error score for MT(SK) (0.59°C) falls outside the limits of 0.5°C, but the differences were parallel, r remained high (0.96), and 95% LOA remained narrow (±0.88°C). The validity error score for T(C) (-0.1°C) was similar in direction and magnitude to other studies, and r (0.98) and 95% LOA (±0.22°C) showed acceptable agreement between devices. The reliability error scores for HR, RR, MT(SK), and T(C) between trials were significantly different from zero. The 95% LOA, CV, and ICC for the EQ02 were similar to standard devices and were all clinically accepted. These findings demonstrate the validity and reliability of the EQ02 for ambulatory monitoring of multiple physiological parameters and suggest that the system could be used to provide a complete human physiological monitoring platform for the study of occupational health, environmental hygiene, and other application fields requiring ambulatory monitoring of multiparameter physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Daily variation in body core temperature using radio-telemetry in aluminium industry shift-workers. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mohr M, Nybo L, Grantham J, Racinais S. Physiological responses and physical performance during football in the heat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39202. [PMID: 22723963 PMCID: PMC3378691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of hot ambient conditions on physical performance and physiological responses during football match-play. METHODS Two experimental games were completed in temperate (∼ 21°C; CON) and hot ambient conditions (∼ 43°C; HOT). Physical performance was assessed by match analysis in 17 male elite players during the games and a repeated sprint test was conducted after the two game trials. Core and muscle temperature were measured and blood samples were obtained, before and after the games. RESULTS Muscle and core temperatures were ∼ 1°C higher (P<0.05) in HOT (40.3 ± 0.1 and 39.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively) compared to CON (39.2 ± 0.1 and 38.3 ± 0.1°C). Average heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, body weight loss as well as post-game sprint performance were similar between the two conditions. Total game distance declined (P<0.05) by 7% and high intensity running (>14 km ⋅ h(-1)) by 26% in HOT compared to CON), but peak sprint speed was 4% higher (P<0.05) in HOT than in CON, while there were no differences in the quantity or length of sprints (>24 km ⋅ h(-1)) between CON and HOT. In HOT, success rates for passes and crosses were 8 and 9% higher (P<0.05), respectively, compared to CON. Delta increase in core temperature and absolute core temperature in HOT were correlated to total game distance in the heat (r = 0.85 and r = 0.53, respectively; P<0.05), whereas, total and high intensity distance deficit between CON and HOT were not correlated to absolute or delta changes in muscle or core temperature. CONCLUSION Total game distance and especially high intensity running were lower during a football game in the heat, but these changes were not directly related to the absolute or relative changes in core or muscle temperature. However, peak sprinting speed and execution of successful passes and crosses were improved in the HOT condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magni Mohr
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Teunissen LPJ, de Haan A, de Koning JJ, Daanen HAM. Telemetry pill versus rectal and esophageal temperature during extreme rates of exercise-induced core temperature change. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:915-24. [PMID: 22551669 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/6/915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Core temperature measurement with an ingestible telemetry pill has been scarcely investigated during extreme rates of temperature change, induced by short high-intensity exercise in the heat. Therefore, nine participants performed a protocol of rest, (sub)maximal cycling and recovery at 30 °C. The pill temperature (T(pill)) was compared with the rectal temperature (T(re)) and esophageal temperature (T(es)). T(pill) corresponded well to T(re) during the entire trial, but deviated considerably from T(es) during the exercise and recovery periods. During maximal exercise, the average ΔT(pill)-T(re) and ΔT(pill)-T(es) were 0.13 ± 0.26 and -0.57 ± 0.53 °C, respectively. The response time from the start of exercise, the rate of change during exercise and the peak temperature were similar for T(pill) and T(re.) T(es) responded 5 min earlier, increased more than twice as fast and its peak value was 0.42 ± 0.46 °C higher than T(pill). In conclusion, also during considerable temperature changes at a very high rate, T(pill) is still a representative of T(re). The extent of the deviation in the pattern and peak values between T(pill) and T(es) (up to >1 °C) strengthens the assumption that T(pill) is unsuited to evaluate central blood temperature when body temperatures change rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P J Teunissen
- Training and Performance Innovations,Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
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Chtourou H, Driss T, Souissi S, Gam A, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. The effect of strength training at the same time of the day on the diurnal fluctuations of muscular anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:217-25. [PMID: 21993020 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31821d5e8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training at the same time of the day on the diurnal variations of anaerobic performances to provide some recommendations to adjust training hours with the time of the day of competitive events. Thirty participants underwent 8 weeks of lower-extremity progressive resistance training performed 3 times per week designed to promote muscular strength and power. These subjects were randomly assigned to a morning training group (MTG, 07:00-08:00 hours, n = 10), an evening training group (ETG, 17:00-18:00 hours, n = 10), and a control group (CG, completed all tests but did not train, n = 10). Performance in the squat jump, the countermovement jump, the Wingate and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) during leg extension, leg curl, and squat tests was recorded just before and 2 weeks after an 8-week course of regular training. For all the subjects, the morning and evening tests were scheduled at the same time of the day as for the morning and evening training sessions. Before training, the results indicated a significant increase in performance from morning to evening tests (ca. 2.84-17.55% for all tests) for all groups. After training, the diurnal variations in anaerobic performances were blunted in the MTG. In fact, there was no significant difference in muscular power or strength between morning and evening tests. However, these intradaily variations in anaerobic performances persisted in the ETG and CG. From a practical point of view, adaptation to strength training is greater at the time of the day at which training was scheduled than at other times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
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Araujo LG, Waterhouse J, Edwards B, Santos EHR, Tufik S, Túlio de Mello M. Twenty-four-hour rhythms of muscle strength with a consideration of some methodological problems. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2010.537444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Belenky G, Wu LJ, Jackson ML. Occupational sleep medicine: practice and promise. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2011; 190:189-203. [PMID: 21531253 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53817-8.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational sleep medicine is a new field within sleep medicine. Occupational sleep medicine applies (1) the science of sleep, frequently as instantiated into mathematical modeling; (2) the tactics, techniques, and procedures of sleep and performance measurement in the operational environment; and (3) the clinical practice of sleep medicine to reduce the risks of poor performance, lost productivity, and error, incident, and accident in the workplace. As envisioned here, occupational sleep medicine will play a crucial role in fatigue risk management to, in the short term, improve performance, productivity, and safety and in the longer term improve worker health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Belenky
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Darwent D, Zhou X, Heuvel CVD, Sargent C, Roach GD. The Validity of Temperature-Sensitive Ingestible Capsules for Measuring Core Body Temperature in Laboratory Protocols. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:719-26. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.597530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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