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Dreese K, Odunayo A, Bucknoff MC. Case report: Treatment of cyclobenzaprine ingestion in two dogs with intravenous intralipid therapy. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1354028. [PMID: 38410740 PMCID: PMC10894977 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1354028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this case series is to describe the clinical signs and outcome of cyclobenzaprine ingestion in two dogs treated with intralipid emulsion (ILE) and supportive care. Case or series summary Two dogs presented for evaluation of cyclobenzaprine ingestion. A 4-year-old female spayed Rat Terrier (dog 1) presented within 4 h of ingestion of cyclobenzaprine (between 9.7 and 25.9 mg/kg). The dog experienced abnormal behavior, agitation, tremors, tachycardia, and hypertension. There were no significant clinicopathological abnormalities. The dog was treated with ILE, cyproheptadine, and activated charcoal. All clinical signs resolved after treatment. A 5-month-old female intact mixed-breed dog (dog 2) presented after ingestion of an unknown amount of cyclobenzaprine 2-3 h prior to presentation. The dog experienced dull mentation, tremors, loss of gag reflex, tachycardia, and hypertension. There were no significant clinicopathological abnormalities. Orogastric decontamination was performed via gastric lavage, and activated charcoal was given via orogastric tube, followed by ILE. All clinical signs resolved after therapeutic intervention. Discussion This is the first report documenting clinical signs of cyclobenzaprine toxicity in two dogs followed by successful treatment with gastric emptying, ILE, and supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Dreese
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adesola Odunayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Melissa C Bucknoff
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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2
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Goyal T, Kohli S, Tayal R. Antihistamines in children: A dermatological perspective. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_124_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3
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Oshiro KT, Nees SN, Chen JK, Silver ES, Starc TJ. Cyproheptadine and atrioventricular block in a patient with congenital heart disease. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. In vitro effects of histamine receptor 1 antagonists on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:57-68. [PMID: 32924324 PMCID: PMC7840218 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mastocytomas (MCTs) are characterized by rapid proliferation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) and clinical signs caused by MC-derived mediators. In dogs suffering from MCT, histamine receptor 1 (HR1) antagonists are frequently used to control mediator-related clinical symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the HR1 antagonists loratadine and terfenadine exert some growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic MCs. We examined whether other HR1 antagonists used in clinical practice (desloratadine, rupatadine, cyproheptadine, dimetindene, diphenhydramine) affect proliferation and survival of neoplastic MCs. Furthermore, we analysed whether these HR1 antagonists counteract IgE-dependent histamine release from a MC line harbouring a functional IgE-receptor. HR1 antagonists were applied on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1, and on primary MCs obtained from three MCT samples. The HR1 antagonists desloratadine, rupatadine and cyproheptadine were found to be more potent in decreasing proliferation of C2 and NI-1 cells when compared with dimetindene and diphenhydramine. Similar effects were seen in primary neoplastic MCs, except for diphenhydramine, which exerted more potent growth-inhibitory effects than the other HR1 antagonists. Drug-induced growth-inhibition in C2 and NI-1 cells was accompanied by apoptosis. Loratadine, desloratadine and rupatadine also suppressed IgE-dependent histamine release in NI-1 cells. However, drug concentrations required to elicit substantial effects on growth or histamine release were relatively high (>10 µM). Therefore, it remains unknown whether these drugs or similar, more potent, HR1-targeting drugs can suppress growth or activation of canine neoplastic MCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gamperl
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Li P, Yang C, Liu B, Wu Q, Wang Y, Dong S, Zhang H, Vasylieva N, Hammock BD, Zhang C. Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay Using Highly Luminescent Quantum Dot Nanobeads as Tracer for the Detection of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride in Animal-Derived Food. Front Chem 2020; 8:575. [PMID: 32760698 PMCID: PMC7372008 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CYP), used as human and veterinary drug, has been used illegally as feed additive for food-producing animals, which could remain in food and jeopardize human health. There is a need for on-site detection of CYP residue in animal-derived food. In this study, a hapten was designed, and a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed to detect CYP with an IC50 of 1.38 ng/mL and negligible cross-reactivity (CR) for other analogs. Forthermore, a high sensitive immunochromatographic assay (QBs-ICA) was developed using quantum dot nanobeads as reporters. The assay showed the linear detection range (IC20-IC80) of 0.03-0.52 ng/mL, the limit of detection (LOD) and visual detection limit (VDL) reached to 0.01 and 0.625 ng/mL, respectively. Spiked recovery study in pig urine and pork confirmed that the QBs-ICA was applicable for on-site testing. This assay showed better sensitivity and speedy than the reported instrumental analysis and immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuifeng Yang
- Tourism Department, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sa Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiaoya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Kovacic K, Elfar W, Rosen JM, Yacob D, Raynor J, Mostamand S, Punati J, Fortunato JE, Saps M. Update on pediatric gastroparesis: A review of the published literature and recommendations for future research. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13780. [PMID: 31854057 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to scarcity of scientific literature on pediatric gastroparesis, there is a need to summarize current evidence and identify areas requiring further research. The aim of this study was to provide an evidence-based review of the available literature on the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric gastroparesis. METHODS A search of the literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines with the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts for eligibility. KEY RESULTS Our search yielded 1085 original publications, 135 of which met inclusion criteria. Most articles were of retrospective study design. Only 12 randomized controlled trials were identified, all of which were in infants. The prevalence of pediatric gastroparesis is unknown. Gastroparesis may be suspected based on clinical symptoms although these are often non-specific. The 4-hour nuclear scintigraphy scan remains gold standard for diagnosis despite lack of pediatric normative comparison data. Therapeutic approaches include dietary modifications, prokinetic drugs, and postpyloric enteral tube feeds. For refractory cases, intrapyloric botulinum toxin and surgical interventions such as gastric electrical stimulation may be warranted. Most interventions still lack rigorous supportive data. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gastroparesis are challenging due to paucity of published evidence. Larger and more rigorous clinical trials are necessary to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kovacic
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Walaa Elfar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State Melton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John M Rosen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Desale Yacob
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Raynor
- Edward G. Miner Library, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shikib Mostamand
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaya Punati
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John E Fortunato
- Neurointestinal and Motility Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miguel Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Holtz Children's Hospital, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Effects of Locomotor Exercise Intensity on Gait Performance in Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Ther 2016; 96:1919-1929. [PMID: 27313241 PMCID: PMC5131185 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity stepping practice may be a critical component to improve gait following motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). However, such practice is discouraged by traditional theories of rehabilitation that suggest high-intensity locomotor exercise degrades gait performance. Accordingly, such training is thought to reinforce abnormal movement patterns, although evidence to support this notion is limited. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of short-term manipulations in locomotor intensity on gait performance in people with iSCI and (2) to evaluate potential detrimental effects of high-intensity locomotor training on walking performance. DESIGN A single-day, repeated-measures, pretraining-posttraining study design was used. METHODS Nineteen individuals with chronic iSCI performed a graded-intensity locomotor exercise task with simultaneous collection of lower extremity kinematic and electromyographic data. Measures of interest were compared across intensity levels of 33%, 67%, and 100% of peak gait speed. A subset of 9 individuals participated in 12 weeks of high-intensity locomotor training. Similar measurements were collected and compared between pretraining and posttraining evaluations. RESULTS The results indicate that short-term increases in intensity led to significant improvements in muscle activity, spatiotemporal metrics, and joint excursions, with selected improvements in measures of locomotor coordination. High-intensity locomotor training led to significant increases in peak gait speed (0.64-0.80 m/s), and spatiotemporal and kinematic metrics indicate a trend for improved coordination. LIMITATIONS Measures of gait performance were assessed during treadmill ambulation and not compared with a control group. Generalizability of these results to overground ambulation is unknown. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity locomotor exercise and training does not degrade, but rather improves, locomotor function and quality in individuals with iSCI, which contrasts with traditional theories of motor dysfunction following neurologic injury.
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8
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Yasue I, Matsunaga S, Kishi T, Fujita K, Iwata N. Serotonin 2A Receptor Inverse Agonist as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Serotonin 2A Receptor Negative Modulators. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:733-40. [PMID: 26757194 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the efficacy and tolerability of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor negative modulators for Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). OBJECTIVE This is the first meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) testing negative modulators of the 5-HT2A receptor as a treatment for PDP. METHODS The primary outcome was the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)-hallucinations (H) and -delusions (D) scores (SAPS-H+D). Other outcome measures were SAPS-H, SAPS-D, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II and III (UPDRS-II+III), discontinuation rates, and individual adverse events. RESULTS Four RCTs were identified that met inclusion criteria, all assessing the 5-HT2A inverse agonist pimavanserin (including 417 drug-treated and 263 placebo-treated PDP patients). Pimavanserin significantly decreased SAPS-H+D scores compared to placebo [weighted mean differences (WMD) = -2.26, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = -3.86 to -0.67, p = 0.005, I2 = 30% , N = 4 studies, n = 502 patients]. Moreover, pimavanserin was superior to placebo for reducing SAPS-H (WMD = -2.15, 95% CI = -3.45 to -0.86, p = 0.001, I2 = 0% , N = 2, n = 237) and SAPS-D scores (WMD = -1.32, 95% CI = -2.32 to -0.32, p = 0.010, I2 = 0% , N = 2, n = 237). Pimavanserin was associated with less orthostatic hypotension than placebo (risk ratio = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15-0.75, p = 0.008, I2 = 0% , number needed to harm = 17, p = 0.01, N = 3, n = 476). There were no significant differences in rates of all-cause discontinuation, adverse events, and death, UPDRS-II+III scores, and incidences of individual adverse events (other than orthostatic hypotension) between pimavanserin and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Pooled RCT results suggest that pimavanserin is beneficial for the treatment of PDP and is well tolerated. We did not identify other negative modulators of the 5-HT2A receptor for the treatment of PDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,The Neuroscience Research Center, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Ertürk G, Mattiasson B. From imprinting to microcontact imprinting-A new tool to increase selectivity in analytical devices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1021:30-44. [PMID: 26739371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology has been successfully applied to small molecular templates but a slow progress has been made in macromolecular imprinting owing to the challenges in natural properties of macromolecules, especially proteins. In this review, the macromolecular imprinting approaches are discussed with examples from recent publications. A new molecular imprinting strategy, microcontact imprinting is highlighted with its recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ertürk
- Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; CapSenze HB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
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Determination of cyproheptadine in feeds using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leech KA, Kinnaird CR, Hornby TG. Effects of serotonergic medications on locomotor performance in humans with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1334-42. [PMID: 24742292 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often results in significant motor impairments that lead to decreased functional mobility. Loss of descending serotonergic (5HT) input to spinal circuits is thought to contribute to motor impairments, with enhanced motor function demonstrated through augmentation of 5HT signaling. However, the presence of spastic motor behaviors in SCI is attributed, in part, to changes in spinal 5HT receptors that augment their activity in the absence of 5HT, although data demonstrating motor effects of 5HT agents that deactivate these receptors are conflicting. The effects of enhancement or depression of 5HT signaling on locomotor function have not been thoroughly evaluated in human iSCI. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate acute effects of 5HT medications on locomotion in 10 subjects with chronic (>1 year) iSCI. Peak overground and treadmill locomotor performance, including measures of gait kinematics, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and oxygen consumption, were assessed before and after single-dose administration of either a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or a 5HT antagonist using a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over design. Results indicate that neither medication led to improvements in locomotion, with a significant decrease in peak overground gait speed observed after 5HT antagonists (from 0.8±0.1 to 0.7±0.1 m/s; p=0.01). Additionally, 5-HT medications had differential effects on EMG activity, with 5HT antagonists decreasing extensor activity and SSRIs increasing flexor activity. Our data therefore suggest that acute manipulation of 5HT signaling, despite changes in muscle activity, does not improve locomotor performance after iSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan A Leech
- 1 Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program , Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Mendes GD, Arruda A, Chen LS, Almeida Magalhães JC, Alkharfy KM, De Nucci G. Quantification of cyproheptadine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Arruda
- Department of Pharmacology; State University of Campinas; Campinas; Brazil
| | | | | | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh; Saudi Arabia
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