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Barreiro E, Wang X, Tang J. COPD: preclinical models and emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:829-838. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Tang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kropski JA, Richmond BW, Gaskill CF, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Deregulated angiogenesis in chronic lung diseases: a possible role for lung mesenchymal progenitor cells (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217739807. [PMID: 29040010 PMCID: PMC5731726 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217739807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease (CLD), including pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both are debilitating pathologies that impede overall tissue function. A common co-morbidity in CLD is vasculopathy, characterized by deregulated angiogenesis, remodeling, and loss of microvessels. This substantially worsens prognosis and limits survival, with most current therapeutic strategies being largely palliative. The relevance of angiogenesis, both capillary and lymph, to the pathophysiology of CLD has not been resolved as conflicting evidence depicts angiogenesis as both reparative or pathologic. Therefore, we must begin to understand and model the underlying pathobiology of pulmonary vascular deregulation, alone and in response to injury induced disease, to define cell interactions necessary to maintain normal function and promote repair. Capillary and lymphangiogenesis are deregulated in both PF and COPD, although the mechanisms by which they co-regulate and underlie early pathogenesis of disease are unknown. The cell-specific mechanisms that regulate lung vascular homeostasis, repair, and remodeling represent a significant gap in knowledge, which presents an opportunity to develop targeted therapies. We have shown that that ABCG2pos multipotent adult mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells (MPC) influence the function of the capillary microvasculature as well as lymphangiogenesis. A balance of both is required for normal tissue homeostasis and repair. Our current models suggest that when lymph and capillary angiogenesis are out of balance, the non-equivalence appears to support the progression of disease and tissue remodeling. The angiogenic regulatory mechanisms underlying CLD likely impact other interstitial lung diseases, tuberous sclerosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- 3 5718 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan M Majka
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,2 74498 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Truong TM, Li H, Dhapare S, Desai UR, Voelkel NF, Sakagami M. Sulfated dehydropolymer of caffeic acid: In vitro anti-lung cell death activity and in vivo intervention in emphysema induced by VEGF receptor blockade. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28648907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Induced lung cell death and impaired hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling are proposed as a pathobiologic mechanism for alveolar structural destruction and loss in emphysema. We hypothesized that our sulfated dehydropolymer of caffeic acid, CDSO3, exerts anti-cell death activities and therapeutic interventions in emphysema by virtue of Fe2+ chelation-based HIF-1α/VEGF stabilization and elevation. The Fe2+ chelating activity was determined in the chromogenic ferrozine-Fe2+ chelation inhibitory assay. The in vitro anti-cell death activities and their Fe2+ and HIF-1α dependence were assessed against a range of emphysematous insults in the lung endothelial (HMVEC-L) and epithelial (A549) cells. CDSO3 was spray-dosed to the lung for three weeks (day 1-21) in an in vivo rat model of apoptotic emphysema induced with a VEGF receptor antagonist SU5416. Post-treatment treadmill exercise endurance, airspace enlargement, and several lung biomarkers/proteins were measured. CDSO3 was a potent Fe2+ chelating molecule. At 10 μM, CDSO3 inhibited HMVEC-L and A549 cell death induced by histone deacetylase inhibition with trichostatin A, VEGF receptor blockade with SU5416, and cigarette smoke extract by 65-99%, which were all significantly opposed by addition of excess Fe2+ or HIF-1α inhibitors. As a potent elastase inhibitor and antioxidant, CDSO3 also inhibited elastase- and H2O2-induced cell death by 92 and 95%, respectively. In the rat model of SU5416-induced apoptotic emphysema, CDSO3 treatment at 60 μg/kg 1) produced 61-77% interventions against exercise endurance impairment, airspace enlargement [mean linear intercept] and oxidative lung damage [malondialdehyde activity]; 2) normalized the apoptotic marker [cleaved caspase-3]; 3) stimulated the VEGF signaling [VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation] by 1.4-fold; and 4) elevated the HIF-1α and VEGF expression by 1.8- and 1.5-fold, respectively. All of these were consistent with CDSO3's Fe2+ chelation-based HIF-1α/VEGF stabilization and elevation against their pathobiologic deficiency, inhibiting lung cell death and development of apoptotic emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien M Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N, 12th Street, P. O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N, 12th Street, P. O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N, 12th Street, P. O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Nobert F Voelkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N, 12th Street, P. O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Masahiro Sakagami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N, 12th Street, P. O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Khedoe PPSJ, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Hiemstra PS. Murine models of cardiovascular comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1011-27. [PMID: 26993520 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, COPD patients with atherosclerosis (i.e., the most important underlying cause of CVD) receive COPD therapy complemented with standard CVD therapy. This may, however, not be the most optimal treatment. To investigate the link between COPD and atherosclerosis and to develop specific therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with atherosclerosis, a substantial number of preclinical studies using murine models have been performed. In this review, we summarize the currently used murine models of COPD and atherosclerosis, both individually and combined, and discuss the relevance of these models for studying the pathogenesis and development of new treatments for COPD patients with atherosclerosis. Murine and clinical studies have provided complementary information showing a prominent role for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the link between COPD and atherosclerosis. These and other studies showed that murine models for COPD and atherosclerosis are useful tools and can provide important insights relevant to understanding the link between COPD and CVD. More importantly, murine studies provide good platforms for studying the potential of promising (new) therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Saluja B, Li H, Desai UR, Voelkel NF, Sakagami M. Sulfated Caffeic Acid Dehydropolymer Attenuates Elastase and Cigarette Smoke Extract–induced Emphysema in Rats: Sustained Activity and a Need of Pulmonary Delivery. Lung 2014; 192:481-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Spiekerkoetter E, Tian X, Cai J, Hopper RK, Sudheendra D, Li CG, El-Bizri N, Sawada H, Haghighat R, Chan R, Haghighat L, de Jesus Perez V, Wang L, Reddy S, Zhao M, Bernstein D, Solow-Cordero DE, Beachy PA, Wandless TJ, Ten Dijke P, Rabinovitch M. FK506 activates BMPR2, rescues endothelial dysfunction, and reverses pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3600-13. [PMID: 23867624 DOI: 10.1172/jci65592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We used a transcriptional high-throughput luciferase reporter assay to screen 3,756 FDA-approved drugs and bioactive compounds for induction of BMPR2 signaling. The best response was achieved with FK506 (tacrolimus), via a dual mechanism of action as a calcineurin inhibitor that also binds FK-binding protein-12 (FKBP12), a repressor of BMP signaling. FK506 released FKBP12 from type I receptors activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), ALK2, and ALK3 and activated downstream SMAD1/5 and MAPK signaling and ID1 gene regulation in a manner superior to the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine and the FKBP12 ligand rapamycin. In pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) from patients with idiopathic PAH, low-dose FK506 reversed dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling. In mice with conditional Bmpr2 deletion in ECs, low-dose FK506 prevented exaggerated chronic hypoxic PAH associated with induction of EC targets of BMP signaling, such as apelin. Low-dose FK506 also reversed severe PAH in rats with medial hypertrophy following monocrotaline and in rats with neointima formation following VEGF receptor blockade and chronic hypoxia. Our studies indicate that low-dose FK506 could be useful in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Spiekerkoetter
- The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5162, USA
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Cai S, Chen P, Zhang C, Chen JB, Wu J. Oral N-acetylcysteine attenuates pulmonary emphysema and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in smoking-induced COPD in rats. Respirology 2009; 14:354-9. [PMID: 19341424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of apoptosis in lung destruction in emphysema/COPD is increasingly being recognized. The relationship between anti-oxidants and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in COPD lungs remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on the development of emphysema and alveolar septal cell apoptosis in smoking-induced COPD in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomly assigned to normal, COPD, sham and NAC groups. The effects of treatment were assessed by measuring the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BAL fluid by ELISA, VEGF and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) protein expression by western blotting, and the apoptotic index (AI) of alveolar septal cells by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Histopathological evaluations (mean linear intercept (MLI), destructive index (DI)) and lung function measurements were performed. RESULTS FEV(0.3)/FVC and PEF were lower in the COPD group than in the normal group. MLI and DI were lower in the NAC-treated group than in the COPD or sham-treated groups. As confirmed by western blotting, the levels of VEGF in BAL fluid were higher in the NAC-treated group than in the COPD group. VEGFR2 protein expression was higher in the NAC-treated group than in the COPD group. The AI was significantly lower in the NAC-treated group than in the COPD group. There was an inverse correlation between levels of VEGF in BAL fluid and the AI of alveolar septal cells. CONCLUSIONS NAC attenuates lung damage, pulmonary emphysema and alveolar septal cell apoptosis by partly reversing the decrease in VEGF secretion and VEGFR2 protein expression in smoking-induced COPD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Abstract
Emphysema is one manifestation of a group of chronic, obstructive, and frequently progressive destructive lung diseases. Cigarette smoking and air pollution are the main causes of emphysema in humans, and cigarette smoking causes emphysema in rodents. This review examines the concept of a homeostatically active lung structure maintenance program that, when attacked by proteases and oxidants, leads to the loss of alveolar septal cells and airspace enlargement. Inflammatory and noninflammatory mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, as well as the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems, are being explored in genetically altered animals and in exposure models of this disease. These recent scientific advances support a model whereby alveolar destruction resulting from a coalescence of mechanical forces, such as hyperinflation, and more recently recognized cellular and molecular events, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, and failed lung tissue repair, produces the clinically recognized syndrome of emphysema.
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Crapo JD, Barnes PJ, Fabbri L, Hurd S, Make BJ, Balkissoon RC. Editorial: the Journal of COPD--new directions in disease understanding and management. COPD 2006; 1:1-3. [PMID: 16997733 DOI: 10.1081/copd-120030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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