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Sun J, Dong J, Gao L, Zhao YQ, Moon H, Scott SL. Catalytic Upcycling of Polyolefins. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9457-9579. [PMID: 39151127 PMCID: PMC11363024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values and multitude of short-term uses, have resulted in a significant and pressing waste management challenge. Only a small fraction of these polyolefins is currently mechanically recycled, with the rest being incinerated, accumulating in landfills, or leaking into the natural environment. Since polyolefins are energy-rich materials, there is considerable interest in recouping some of their chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy is catalytic depolymerization, in which a portion of the C-C bonds in the polyolefin backbone is broken with the assistance of a catalyst and, in some cases, additional small molecule reagents. When the products are small molecules or materials with higher value in their own right, or as chemical feedstocks, the process is called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major catalytic upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, and selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to small molecule mechanisms, catalyst design for macromolecular transformations, and the effect of process conditions on product selectivity. Metrics for describing polyolefin upcycling are critically evaluated, and an outlook for future advances is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Jinhu Dong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
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2
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Ran H, Zhang S, Ni W, Jing Y. Precise activation of C-C bonds for recycling and upcycling of plastics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:795-831. [PMID: 38239692 PMCID: PMC10793209 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid accumulation of plastic waste has led to a severe environmental crisis and a noticeable imbalance between manufacturing and recycling. Fortunately, chemical upgradation of plastic waste holds substantial promise for addressing these challenges posed by white pollution. During plastic upcycling and recycling, the key challenge is to activate and cleave the inert C-C bonds in plastic waste. Therefore, this perspective delves deeper into the upcycling and recycling of polyolefins from the angle of C-C activation-cleavage. We illustrate the importance of C-C bond activation in polyolefin depolymerization and integrate molecular-level catalysis, active site modulation, reaction networks and mechanisms to achieve precise activation-cleavage of C-C bonds. Notably, we draw potential inspiration from the accumulated wisdom of related fields, such as C-C bond activation in lignin chemistry, alkane dehydrogenation chemistry, C-Cl bond activation in CVOC removal, and C-H bond activation, to influence the landscape of plastic degradation through cross-disciplinary perspectives. Consequently, this perspective offers better insights into existing catalytic technologies and unveils new prospects for future advancements in recycling and upcycling of plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshun Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Wenyi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Yaxuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
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3
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Zamri MFMA, Shamsuddin AH, Ali S, Bahru R, Milano J, Tiong SK, Fattah IMR, Raja Shahruzzaman RMH. Recent Advances of Triglyceride Catalytic Pyrolysis via Heterogenous Dolomite Catalyst for Upgrading Biofuel Quality: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1947. [PMID: 37446463 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides the recent advances in triglyceride catalytic pyrolysis using heterogeneous dolomite catalysts for upgrading biofuel quality. The production of high-quality renewable biofuels through catalytic cracking pyrolysis has gained significant attention due to their high hydrocarbon and volatile matter content. Unlike conventional applications that require high operational costs, long process times, hazardous material pollution, and enormous energy demand, catalytic cracking pyrolysis has overcome these challenges. The use of CaO, MgO, and activated dolomite catalysts has greatly improved the yield and quality of biofuel, reducing the acid value of bio-oil. Modifications of the activated dolomite surface through bifunctional acid-base properties also positively influenced bio-oil production and quality. Dolomite catalysts have been found to be effective in catalyzing the pyrolysis of triglycerides, which are a major component of vegetable oils and animal fats, to produce biofuels. Recent advances in the field include the use of modified dolomite catalysts to improve the activity and selectivity of the catalytic pyrolysis process. Moreover, there is also research enhancement of the synthesis and modification of dolomite catalysts in improving the performance of biofuel yield conversion. Interestingly, this synergy contribution has significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the catalysts such as the structure, surface area, porosity, stability, and bifunctional acid-base properties, which contribute to the catalytic reaction's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Halim Shamsuddin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiaton Ali
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raihana Bahru
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jassinnee Milano
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Chizallet C, Bouchy C, Larmier K, Pirngruber G. Molecular Views on Mechanisms of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Zeolites. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6107-6196. [PMID: 36996355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acidity of proton-exchanged zeolites has historically led to the most impactful applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, mainly in the fields of transformations of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Unravelling the mechanisms at the atomic scale of these transformations has been the object of tremendous efforts in the last decades. Such investigations have extended our fundamental knowledge about the respective roles of acidity and confinement in the catalytic properties of proton exchanged zeolites. The emerging concepts are of general relevance at the crossroad of heterogeneous catalysis and molecular chemistry. In the present review, emphasis is given to molecular views on the mechanism of generic transformations catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, combining the information gained from advanced kinetic analysis, in situ, and operando spectroscopies, and quantum chemistry calculations. After reviewing the current knowledge on the nature of the Brønsted acid sites themselves, and the key parameters in catalysis by zeolites, a focus is made on reactions undergone by alkenes, alkanes, aromatic molecules, alcohols, and polyhydroxy molecules. Elementary events of C-C, C-H, and C-O bond breaking and formation are at the core of these reactions. Outlooks are given to take up the future challenges in the field, aiming at getting ever more accurate views on these mechanisms, and as the ultimate goal, to provide rational tools for the design of improved zeolite-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Christophe Bouchy
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Kim Larmier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
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Du L, Han Y, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Bai X, Ouyang Y, Luo Y, Shu X. Reaction Pathway of 1-Decene Cracking to Produce Light Olefins over H-ZSM-5 at Ultrahigh Temperature. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7093-7101. [PMID: 36844522 PMCID: PMC9948201 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the reaction of 1-decene cracking to ethylene and propylene over H-ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated. Also, the thermal cracking reaction of 1-decene was studied by cracking over quartz sand as blank. It was observed that 1-decene undergoes a significant thermal cracking reaction above 600 °C over quartz sand. In the range of 500-750 °C, the conversion remained above 99% for 1-decene cracking over H-ZSM-5, and the catalytic cracking dominated even at 750 °C. With the increase in temperature, the yields of ethylene and propylene gradually increased, and the yields of alkanes and aromatics also increased. The low WHSV was favorable for the yield of light olefins. With the increase of the WHSV, the yields of ethylene and propylene decrease. However, at low WHSV, secondary reactions were accelerated, and the yields of alkanes and aromatics increased significantly. In addition, the possible main and side reaction routes of the 1-decene cracking reaction were proposed based on product distribution.
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Zhao R, Khare R, Zhang Y, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Bermejo-Deval R, Liu Y, Lercher JA. Promotion of adsorptive and catalytic properties of zeolitic Brønsted acid sites by proximal extra-framework Si(OH)x groups. Nat Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Dong Z, Chen W, Xu K, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang F. Understanding the Structure–Activity Relationships in Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefin Plastics by Zeolite-Based Catalysts: A Critical Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqing Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Increased Light Olefin Production by Sequential Dehydrogenation and Cracking Reactions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a sequential reaction using selected metal oxides, followed by ZSM-5-based catalysts, was employed to demonstrate a promising route for enhancing light olefin production in the catalytic cracking of naphtha. The rationale for the reaction is based on the induction of alkenes into hydrocarbon feeds prior to cracking. The optimum olefin induction was achieved by carefully optimizing the dehydrogenation active sites Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. The formed alkenes have a lower activation energy for C-H/C-C bond breaking compared to alkanes. This could accelerate the formation of carbenium ions, thus promoting the conversion of n-octane to produce light olefins. Detailed product distribution and DFT calculation indicated a remarkable increase in ethylene and propylene production in the final product through a modified reaction pathway. Compared with the common metal-promoted zeolite catalysts, the new route could avoid the block of zeolite channels and corresponding decreased catalytic cracking activity. The feasibility of the proposed route was confirmed with different ratios of dehydrogenation catalyst to the reactant. The highest yields of ethylene and propylene reached 13.22% and 33.12% with ratios of Mo/Al2O3 and ZSM-5-based catalyst to n-octane both 10:1 at 600 °C. Stability tests showed that the catalytic activity of the double-bed system was stable over 10 cycles.
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9
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Lin LC. Computational Study of Alkane Adsorption in Brønsted Acid Zeolites for More Efficient Alkane Cracking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7665-7677. [PMID: 35708497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkane cracking using Brønsted acid zeolites, catalytically converting long-chain molecules into smaller ones, is critical to fuel and chemical production. To enable more energy-efficient cracking processes, developing zeolite catalysts with enhanced performance (i.e., a faster reaction rate with reduced methane formation) plays a substantial role. Given the adsorption thermodynamics of alkanes onto the protons of Brønsted acid zeolites is a key step in the overall cracking reactions; therefore, catalysts possessing a more negative Gibbs free energy of adsorption for alkanes with a larger central-to-terminal bond adsorption selectivity to promote central cracking are of particular interest. This Feature Article discusses recent computational developments and discoveries by Lin and co-workers in studying the adsorption of alkanes in Brønsted acid zeolites. Their developed approach, employing configurational bias Monte Carlo with domain decomposition, with a newly parametrized molecular potential to compute the adsorption properties is first introduced. With these developments, the roles of the Si/Al ratio and Al sitting are explored and discussed. Subsequently, the Feature Article discusses the key findings obtained from a large-scale computational screening of studying more than 100 000 possible zeolite structures. The performance of identified top candidates and associated key structural features leading to desirable adsorption properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chiang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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10
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Li W, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang H, Jiang F, Liu B, Xu Y, Zheng A, Liu X. Pore-Confined and Diffusion-Dependent Olefin Catalytic Cracking for the Production of Propylene over SAPO Zeolites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuebing Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Xu YY, Hua KJ, Huang Z, Zhou PP, Wen JB, Jin C, Bao J. Cellulosic hydrocarbons production by engineering dual synthesis pathways in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35292099 PMCID: PMC8922798 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lignocellulose provides the only practical carbohydrates feedstock for sustainable bioproduction of hydrocarbons as future alternative of fossil fuels. Production of hydrocarbons from lignocellulose is achieved by a biorefinery process chain including pretreatment to breakdown the crystalline structure for cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis, detoxification of inhibitory compounds generated during pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis to fermentable monosaccharide sugars, and fermentation to hydrocarbon products. The major barriers on fermentative production of hydrocarbons from lignocellulose include two aspects: one is the inherent stress of pretreatment-derived inhibitors on microbial cells, the other is the toxicity of hydrocarbons to cell membranes. The microbial cell factory should be tolerant to both inhibitor stress and hydrocarbons toxicity. Results Corynebacterium glutamicum was selected as the starting strain of hydrocarbons synthesis since it is well adapted to lignocellulose hydrolysate environment. The dual hydrocarbon synthesis pathways were constructed in an industrial C. glutamicum S9114 strain. The first pathway was the regular one in microalgae composed of fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (fatty acyl-ACP) reductase (AAR) and aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) with fatty acyl-ACP as precursor. The second pathway was the direct decarboxylation of free fatty acid by fatty acid decarboxylase (OleT) using the rich fatty acids from the disruption of the transcriptional regulator fasR gene. The transmembrane transportation of hydrocarbon products was avoided by secretively expressing the fatty acid decarboxylase (OleT) to the extracellular space. The hydrocarbons generation from glucose reached 29.2 mg/L, in which the direct decarboxylation pathway contributed more than 70% of the total hydrocarbons generation, and the AAR–ADO pathway contributed the rest 30%. Conclusion The dual hydrocarbon synthesis pathways (OleT and AAR–ADO pathways) were constructed in the inhibitors tolerant C. glutamicum S9114 strain for hydrocarbon production using lignocellulose feedstock as the starting feedstock. When corn stover was used for hydrocarbons production after dry acid pretreatment and biodetoxification, the hydrocarbons generation reached 16.0 mg/L. This study provided a new strategy for hydrocarbons synthesis using microbial cell factory suitable for lignocellulose feedstock. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02129-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ke-Jun Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,College of Food and Biology Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 6 Longzihu North Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Bai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, 576 Xuefu Road, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ci Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Rosen MS. Catalyst coaxed to make branched α-olefins. Science 2022; 375:978. [PMID: 35239396 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Process conditions allow a titanium catalyst to add just two ethylene molecules to an α-olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Rosen
- Packaging & Specialty Plastics and Hydrocarbons, The Dow Chemical Company, 240 Abner Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, TX 77566, USA
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13
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Costa CS, Muñoz M, Ribeiro MR, Silva JM. A thermogravimetric study of HDPE conversion under a reductive atmosphere. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Yi F, He P, Chen H, He Y, Tao Z, Li T, Zhao G, Yun Y, Wen X, Yang Y, Li Y. Mechanisms of Double-Bond Isomerization Reactions of n-Butene on Different Lewis Acids. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P. R. China
| | - Yurong He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Information S & T University, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Tao
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Yun
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yongwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Research Center for Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, P. R. China
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15
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Chen K, Gan Z, Horstmeier S, White JL. Distribution of Aluminum Species in Zeolite Catalysts: 27Al NMR of Framework, Partially-Coordinated Framework, and Non-Framework Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6669-6680. [PMID: 33881305 PMCID: PMC8212420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The structure of aluminum-containing moieties in and within zeolite H-ZSM-5 catalysts is a complex function of the elemental composition of the catalyst, synthesis conditions, exposure to moisture, and thermal history. 27Al NMR data collected at field strengths ranging from 7.05 to 35.2 T, i.e., 1H Larmor frequencies from 300 to 1500 MHz, reveal that Al primarily exists as framework or partially coordinated framework species in commercially available dehydrated H-ZSM-5 catalysts with Si/Al ranging from 11.5 to 40. Quantitative direct-excitation and sensitivity-enhanced 27Al NMR techniques applied over the wide range of magnetic field strengths used in this study show that prior to significant hydrothermal exposure, detectable amounts of nonframework Al species do not exist. Two-dimensional 27Al multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) along with 1H-27Al and 29Si-27Al dipolar correlation (D-HMQC) NMR experiments confirm this conclusion and show that generation of nonframework species following varying severities of hydrothermal exposure are clearly resolved from partially coordinated framework sites. The impact of hydration on the appearance and interpretation of conventional direct-excitation 27Al spectra, commonly used to assess framework and nonframework Al, is discussed. Aluminum sites in dehydrated catalysts, which are representative of typical operating conditions, are characterized by large quadrupole interactions and are best assigned by obtaining data at multiple field strengths. On the basis of the results here, an accurate initial assessment of Al sites in high-Al content MFI catalysts prior to any hydrothermal treatment can be used to guide reaction conditions, anticipate potential water impacts, and identify contributions from hydroxyl groups other than those associated with the framework bridging acid site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ;
| | | | | | - Jeffery L. White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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16
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Heterogeneous Ru Catalysts as the Emerging Potential Superior Catalysts in the Selective Hydrogenation of Bio-Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone: Effect of Particle Size, Solvent, and Support on Activity, Stability, and Selectivity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of a biomass-derived molecule, levulinic acid (LA), to γ-valerolactone (GVL) has been getting much attention from researchers across the globe recently. This is because GVL has been identified as one of the potential molecules for replacing fossil fuels. For instance, GVL can be catalytically converted into liquid alkenes in the molecular weight range close to that found in transportation fuels via a process that does not require an external hydrogen source. Noble and non-noble metals have been used as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL. Of these, Ru has been reported to be the most active metal for this reaction. The type of metal supports and solvents has been proved to affect the activity, selectivity, and yields of GVL. Water has been identified as a potential, effective “green” solvent for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL. The use of different sources of H2 other than molecular hydrogen (such as formic acid) has also been explored. In a few instances, the product, GVL, is hydrogenated further to other useful products such as 1,4-pentanediol (PD) and methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF). This review selectively focuses on the potential of immobilized Ru catalysts as a potential superior catalyst for selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL.
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17
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Insights into the unique carboxylation reactions in the metabolism of propylene and acetone. Biochem J 2020; 477:2027-2038. [PMID: 32497192 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and ketones are two classes of ubiquitous, toxic organic compounds in natural environments produced in several biological and anthropogenic processes. In spite of their toxicity, these compounds are utilized as primary carbon and energy sources or are generated as intermediate metabolites in the metabolism of other compounds by many diverse bacteria. The aerobic metabolism of some of the smallest and most volatile of these compounds (propylene, acetone, isopropanol) involves novel carboxylation reactions resulting in a common product acetoacetate. Propylene is metabolized in a four-step pathway involving five enzymes where the penultimate step is a carboxylation reaction catalyzed by a unique disulfide oxidoreductase that couples reductive cleavage of a thioether linkage with carboxylation to produce acetoacetate. The carboxylation of isopropanol begins with conversion to acetone via an alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetone is converted to acetoacetate in a single step by an acetone carboxylase which couples the hydrolysis of MgATP to the activation of both acetone and bicarbonate, generating highly reactive intermediates that are condensed into acetoacetate at a Mn2+ containing the active site. Acetoacetate is then utilized in central metabolism where it is readily converted to acetyl-coenzyme A and subsequently converted into biomass or utilized in energy metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This review summarizes recent structural and biochemical findings that have contributed significant insights into the mechanism of these two unique carboxylating enzymes.
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18
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Basri RS, Rahman RNZRA, Kamarudin NHA, Ali MSM. Cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenase: Structure, function, and potential in biofuels production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3155-3162. [PMID: 32841666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of aldehydes to valuable alkanes via cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenase is of great interest. The availability of fossil reserves that keep on decreasing due to human exploitation is worrying, and even more troubling is the combustion emission from the fuel, which contributes to the environmental crisis and health issues. Hence, it is crucial to use a renewable and eco-friendly alternative that yields compound with the closest features as conventional petroleum-based fuel, and that can be used in biofuels production. Cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) is a metal-dependent enzyme with an α-helical structure that contains di‑iron at the active site. The substrate enters the active site of every ADO through a hydrophobic channel. This enzyme exhibits catalytic activity toward converting Cn aldehyde to Cn-1 alkane and formate as a co-product. These cyanobacterial enzymes are small and easy to manipulate. Currently, ADOs are broadly studied and engineered for improving their enzymatic activity and substrate specificity for better alkane production. This review provides a summary of recent progress in the study of the structure and function of ADO, structural-based engineering of the enzyme, and highlight its potential in producing biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Syuhada Basri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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19
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Inhibition effect of Na+ form in ZSM-5 zeolite on hydrogen transfer reaction via 1-butene cracking. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Garba MD, Jackson SD. Transhydrogenation of pentane with 1,5- and 2,4-hexadiene over CrOx/Al2O3. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-020-00259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTranshydrogenation of pentane (P) and 1,5-hexadiene (1,5HD) and pentane and 2,4-hexadiene (2,4HD) was studied over a CrOx/alumina catalyst at 523–773 K. Thermodynamic stability differences between the conjugated (2,4-hexadiene) and non-conjugated (1,5-hexadiene) isomers indicated that transhydrogenation was favoured between pentane and 1,5-hexadiene but not pentane and 2,4-hexadiene (+ ve ∆G). At 773 K a significantly enhanced alkene yield was observed for the P/1,5HD system, clearly showing the effect of transhydrogenation. The yield of alkenes was ~ 50% and included alkylated and isomerized alkenes. Alkylation and isomerization were significant reactions under reaction conditions. Pentane was shown to affect the chemistry of 1,5HD and vice versa with the conversion of pentane significantly enhanced at all reaction temperatures, indicating a molecular interaction between the reactants even when transhydrogenation was not obvious. In contrast, no effect on the conversion of pentane was observed when the co-feed was 2,4HD. An unexpected effect of pentane on 2,4HD conversion was observed, with all reactions of cis-2,4-hexadiene (including alkylation and isomerization) being completely inhibited at low reaction temperatures (573 K and 523 K) by the presence of pentane, suggesting that pentane competes for the same sites as cis-2,4-hexadiene. Transhydrogenation activity between pentane and 1,5-hexadiene was less obvious at the lower reaction temperature, which appeared to be a kinetic effect. Direct hydrogenation of 1,5-hexadiene revealed that 1,5HD sampled the same hydrogen population for hydrogenation and transhydrogenation. Comparisons of transhydrogenation of 1-hexyne, 1,5-hexadiene, and 2,4-hexadiene with pentane have revealed significant differences in the adsorption and reaction chemistry of the three isomers.
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21
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Noreen A, Li M, Fu Y, Amoo CC, Wang J, Maturura E, Du C, Yang R, Xing C, Sun J. One-Pass Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Multibranched Isoparaffins over Bifunctional Zeolite-Based Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Noreen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Mingquan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Fu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Cederick Cyril Amoo
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Elton Maturura
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Ce Du
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Xing
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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22
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Rey J, Bignaud C, Raybaud P, Bučko T, Chizallet C. Dynamic Features of Transition States for β-Scission Reactions of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Revealed by AIMD Simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18938-18942. [PMID: 32568440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zeolite-catalyzed alkene cracking is key to optimize the size of hydrocarbons. The nature and stability of intermediates and transition states (TS) are, however, still debated. We combine transition path sampling and blue moon ensemble density functional theory simulations to unravel the behavior of C7 alkenes in CHA zeolite. Free energy profiles are determined, linking π-complexes, alkoxides and carbenium ions, for B1 (secondary to tertiary) and B2 (tertiary to secondary) β-scissions. B1 is found to be easier than B2 . The TS for B1 occurs at the breaking of the C-C bond, while for B2 it is the proton transfer from propenium to the zeolite. We highlight the dynamic behaviors of the various intermediates along both pathways, which reduce activation energies with respect to those previously evaluated by static approaches. We finally revisit the ranking of isomerization and cracking rate constants, which are crucial for future kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rey
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Charles Bignaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360, Solaize, France.,Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84236, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360, Solaize, France
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23
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Acid/Base-Treated Activated Carbon Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Endothermic Cracking of N-Dodecane with Applications in Hypersonic Vehicle Heat Management Systems. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersonic aircrafts suffer from heat management problems caused by the air friction produced at high speeds. The supercritical catalytic cracking of fuel is endothermic and can be exploited to remove heat from the aircraft surfaces using specially designed heat management systems. Here, we report that an acid/base-treated activated carbon (AC) catalyst shows superior performance to the conventional ZSM-5 catalyst at 4 MPa and 450 °C. Further, under these conditions, coke formation is thermodynamically avoided. Of the prepared catalysts, the AC catalyst treated with NaOH and subsequently with HNO3 (denoted AC-3Na-N) was the most active catalyst, showing the highest selectivity toward light olefins and best heat sink capacity. The acid/base-treated ACs and ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Characterization reveals the importance of acid strength and density in promoting the cracking reaction pathway to light olefins observed over the acid/base-treated AC catalysts, which show comparable activity at 450 °C to that of the ZSM-5 catalyst operated above 550 °C. The low-temperature activity suppressed coke and aromatic compound (coke precursors) formation. The stability of the acid/base-treated activated carbon catalysts was confirmed over a time-on-stream of 30 min.
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24
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Olivera M, Musso M, De León A, Volonterio E, Amaya A, Tancredi N, Bussi J. Catalytic assessment of solid materials for the pyrolytic conversion of low-density polyethylene into fuels. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05080. [PMID: 33024865 PMCID: PMC7527577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis techniques provide an interesting way of recycling plastic wastes (PW) by transforming them into liquid fuels with high calorific values. Catalysts are employed in PW pyrolysis in order to favor cracking reactions; in that regard, cheap and abundant natural resources are being investigated as potential catalyst precursors. This article explores the pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in a semibatch reactor under a reduced pressure of 300 torr and temperatures in the range of 370 °C-430 °C. Three different solid materials, an activated carbon (AC1), a commercial Fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) and an aluminum- pillared clay (Al-PILC), were tested as catalysts for the pyrolysis process. Thermogravimetric analyzes were previously performed to select the most catalytically active materials. AC1 displayed very low catalytic activity while FCC and Al-PILC displayed high activity and conversion to liquid products. Hydrocarbons ranging from C5 to C28 were identified in the liquid products as well as significant changes in their composition when FCC and Al-PILC catalyst were used. Differences in the catalytic activity of the 3 solid materials are ascribed mainly to differences in their acid properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Olivera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Musso
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea De León
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elisa Volonterio
- Área Grasas y Aceites, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Amaya
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Udelar, By pass Ruta 8 y Ruta 101 s/n, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Nestor Tancredi
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Udelar, By pass Ruta 8 y Ruta 101 s/n, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Juan Bussi
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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25
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Rey J, Bignaud C, Raybaud P, Bučko T, Chizallet C. Dynamic Features of Transition States for β‐Scission Reactions of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Revealed by AIMD Simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rey
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Charles Bignaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3 69360 Solaize France
- Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9 84236 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3 69360 Solaize France
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26
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An Eco-Friendly Fluidizable FexOy/CaO-γ-Al2O3 Catalyst for Tar Cracking during Biomass Gasification. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the development, characterization, and performance evaluation of an eco-friendly catalyst, using 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (2M4MP) as a surrogate tar. The 2M4MP was selected due to its chemical functionalities and the fact that it is a good model compound to represent the tar formed during biomass low temperature gasification. The eco-friendly catalyst was prepared using the typical Fe and Ca minerals which are present in ash. These ash components were added to a fluidizable γ-Al2O3 support using a multistep incipient impregnation, yielding Fe oxides as an active phase and CaO as the promoter. The prepared catalyst displayed a 120 m2/g BET specific surface area, with few γ-Al2O3 bulk phase changes, as observed with XRD. TPD-NH3 and pyridine FTIR allowed us to show the significant influence of CaO reduced support acidity. A TPR analysis provided evidence of catalyst stability during consecutive reduction–oxidation cycles. Furthermore, catalyst evaluation vis-à-vis catalytic steam 2M4MP gasification was performed using the fluidized CREC riser simulator. The obtained results confirm the high performance of the developed catalyst, with 2M4MP conversion being close to 100% and with selectivities of up to 98.6% for C1-C2 carbon-containing species, at 500 °C, with a 7.5 s reaction time and 1.5 g steam/g 2M4MP. These high tar conversions are promising efficiency indicators for alumina catalysts doped with Fe and Ca. In addition, the used catalyst particles could be blended with biochar to provide an integrated solid supplement that could return valuable mineral supplements to the soil.
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27
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Zaker A, Guerra P, Tompsett GA, Huang X, Bond JQ, Timko MT. Chemicals from heavy oils by
ZSM
‐5 catalysis in supercritical water: Model compound and reaction engineering. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Zaker
- Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Patricia Guerra
- Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Tompsett
- Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse NY USA
| | - Jesse Q. Bond
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse NY USA
| | - Michael T. Timko
- Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Massachusetts USA
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28
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Ibarra Á, Palos R, Arandes JM, Olazar M, Bilbao J, de Lasa H. Synergy in the Cocracking under FCC Conditions of a Phenolic Compound in the Bio-oil and a Model Compound for Vacuum Gasoil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Ibarra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Palos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José M. Arandes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hugo de Lasa
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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29
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Chen K, Horstmeier S, Nguyen VT, Wang B, Crossley SP, Pham T, Gan Z, Hung I, White JL. Structure and Catalytic Characterization of a Second Framework Al(IV) Site in Zeolite Catalysts Revealed by NMR at 35.2 T. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7514-7523. [PMID: 32233465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh field 27Al{1H} 2D correlation NMR experiments demonstrate that at least two framework Al(IV) sites with hydroxyl groups can exist in acidic zeolite catalysts in their dehydrated and catalytically active states. In addition to the known Al(IV) at the framework bridging acid site (BAS), a new site created by a second tetrahedral Al atom and its hydroxyl group protons in zeolite HZSM-5 is clearly resolved at 35.2 T field strengths, enabled by recently developed series-connected hybrid (SCH) magnet technology. Coupled with computational modeling, extensive 27Al MQMAS experiments at multiple field strengths, and 1H MAS NMR experiments, these data indicate that this second tetrahedrally coordinated Al site (denoted Al(IV)-2) experiences an increased chemical shift and unique quadrupolar parameters relative to the BAS in both dehydrated and hydrated states. These new experimental data, supported by computational and catalytic reaction work, indicate that the second site arises from partially bonded framework (SiO)4-n-Al(OH)n species that significantly increase catalyst reactivity in benzene hydride-transfer and n-hexane cracking reactions. Al(IV)-2 sites result either from framework crystallization defects or from incomplete postsynthetic hydrolysis of a framework Al, prior to the formation of extraframework Al. Populations of this second acidic proton site created by the Al(IV)-2 species are shown to be controlled via postsynthetic catalyst treatments, should be general to different catalyst structures, and significantly enhance catalyst reactivity in the cited probe reactions when they are present. The results herein communicate the highest magnetic field strength data on active zeolite catalyst structures to date and enable for the first time the detection of Al and H association on a dry HZSM-5 catalyst, i.e., under conditions representative of typical end-use processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sarah Horstmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Vy T Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Steven P Crossley
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Tram Pham
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery L White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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30
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Kinetic parameters of the formation of oxygen-containing compounds in the vacuum gas oil oxycracking process. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Rodríguez E, Palos R, Gutiérrez A, Arandes JM, Bilbao J. Scrap tires pyrolysis oil as a co-feeding stream on the catalytic cracking of vacuum gasoil under fluid catalytic cracking conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:18-26. [PMID: 32014796 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The co-feeding of scrap tires pyrolysis oil (STPO) on the catalytic cracking of vacuum gasoil (VGO) has been investigated with the aim of exploring the capacity of the refinery fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit to upgrade discarded tires at large-scale. The runs have been carried out in a CREC (Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre) riser simulator reactor that mimics the behavior of the industrial unit at the following conditions: 500-560 °C; catalyst/oil ratio, 3-7 gcat goil-1; contact time, 6 s. Obtained results with the blend of 20 wt% STPO in VGO have been compared with those obtained in the cracking of the pure streams, i.e., STPO and VGO, to get a proper idea of the synergetic effects that could be involved in the co-feeding. This way, when the STPO is co-fed with the VGO the production of naphtha (C5-C12) and light cycle oil (C13-C20) lumps are maximized, as the over-cracking reactions that convert them into gaseous products (C1-C4) are mitigated. Consequently, the co-feeding promotes the production of high-interest hydrocarbons for refineries. Additionally, the naphtha obtained in the cracking of the blend shows a lower content of paraffins and naphthenes than that obtained with the VGO, and higher of olefins and aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Palos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alazne Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - José M Arandes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Zou H, Pan T, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li X. Light olefin production by catalytic co-cracking of Fischer–Tropsch distillate with methanol and the reaction kinetics investigation. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramirez A, Dutta Chowdhury A, Caglayan M, Rodriguez-Gomez A, Wehbe N, Abou-Hamad E, Gevers L, Ould-Chikh S, Gascon J. Coated sulfated zirconia/SAPO-34 for the direct conversion of CO2 to light olefins. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 to light olefins via bifunctional catalysts (i.e. metal oxides/zeolites) is a promising approach to tackle CO2 emissions and, at the same time, reduce fossil-fuel dependence by closing the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ramirez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Caglayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Gomez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimer Wehbe
- Core Labs
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Core Labs
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Lieven Gevers
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Ould-Chikh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
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Singhvi MS, Gokhale DV. Lignocellulosic biomass: Hurdles and challenges in its valorization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9305-9320. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tuci G, Iemhoff A, Ba H, Luconi L, Rossin A, Papaefthimiou V, Palkovits R, Artz J, Pham-Huu C, Giambastiani G. Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO 2 adsorption properties and catalytic performance. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1217-1227. [PMID: 31293859 PMCID: PMC6604744 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and synthesis of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) from defined dicyano-aryl building blocks or their binary mixtures is of fundamental importance for a judicious tuning of the chemico-physical and morphological properties of this class of porous organic polymers. In fact, their gas adsorption capacity and their performance in a variety of catalytic transformations can be modulated through an appropriate selection of the building blocks. In this contribution, a set of five CTFs (CTF1-5) have been prepared under classical ionothermal conditions from single dicyano-aryl or heteroaryl systems. The as-prepared samples are highly micro-mesoporous and thermally stable materials featuring high specific surface area (up to 1860 m2·g-1) and N content (up to 29.1 wt %). All these features make them highly attractive samples for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) applications. Indeed, selected polymers from this series rank among the CTFs with the highest CO2 uptake at ambient pressure reported so far in the literature (up to 5.23 and 3.83 mmol·g-1 at 273 and 298 K, respectively). Moreover, following our recent achievements in the field of steam- and oxygen-free dehydrogenation catalysis using CTFs as metal-free catalysts, the new samples with highest N contents have been scrutinized in the process to provide additional insights to their complex structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano 10-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Andree Iemhoff
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Housseinou Ba
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS University of Strasbourg (UdS) 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Lapo Luconi
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano 10-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano 10-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Papaefthimiou
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS University of Strasbourg (UdS) 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Artz
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS University of Strasbourg (UdS) 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano 10-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS University of Strasbourg (UdS) 25 rue Becquerel 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Ramirez A, Dutta Chowdhury A, Dokania A, Cnudde P, Caglayan M, Yarulina I, Abou-Hamad E, Gevers L, Ould-Chikh S, De Wispelaere K, van Speybroeck V, Gascon J. Effect of Zeolite Topology and Reactor Configuration on the Direct Conversion of CO2 to Light Olefins and Aromatics. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ramirez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhay Dokania
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pieter Cnudde
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Mustafa Caglayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irina Yarulina
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lieven Gevers
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Ould-Chikh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristof De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Al Maksoud W, Gevers LE, Vittenet J, Ould-Chikh S, Telalovic S, Bhatte K, Abou-Hamad E, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Vishwanath V, Alhazmi A, Almusaiteer K, Basset JM. A strategy to convert propane to aromatics (BTX) using TiNp 4 grafted at the periphery of ZSM-5 by surface organometallic chemistry. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6611-6620. [PMID: 31017165 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of propane into aromatics (BTX) using modified ZSM-5 was achieved with a strategy of "catalysis by design". In contrast to the classical mode of action of classical aromatization catalysts which are purely based on acidity, we have designed the catalyst associating two functions: One function (Ti-hydride) was selected to activate the C-H bond of propane by σ-bond metathesis to further obtain olefin by β-H elimination and the other function (Brønsted acid) being responsible for the oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. This bifunctional catalyst was obtained by selectively grafting a bulky organometallic complex of tetrakis(neopentyl)titanium (TiNp4) at the external surface (external silanol ([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-OH) group) of [H-ZSM-5300] to obtain [Ti/ZSM-5] catalyst 1. This metal was chosen to activate the C-H bond of paraffin at the periphery of the ZSM-5 while maintaining the Brønsted acid properties of the internal [H-ZSM-5] for oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. Catalyst 2 [Ti-H/ZSM-5] was obtained after treatment under H2 at 550 °C of freshly prepared catalyst 1 ([Ti/ZSM-5]) and catalyst 1 was thoroughly characterized by ICP analysis, DRIFT, XRD, N2-physisorption, multinuclear solid-state NMR, XPS and HR-TEM analysis including STEM imaging. The conversion of propane to aromatics was studied in a dynamic flow reactor. With the pristine [H-ZSM-5300] catalyst, the conversion of propane is very low. However, with [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst 2 under the same reaction conditions, the conversion of propane remains significant during 60 h of the reaction (ca. 22%). Furthermore, the [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst shows a good and stable selectivity (55%) for aromatics (BTX) of time on stream. With 2, it was found that the Ti remains at the periphery of the [H-ZSM-5] even after reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al Maksoud
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Potapenko OV, Lutchenko AS, Doronin VP, Sorokina TP, Plekhanov MA, Gur’evskikh SY, Khrapov DV. Controlling the Ratio of the Reactions of Intermolecular Hydrogen Transfer and Cracking on Setups with Fixed and Recycled Catalyst Beds. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050419020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Plessow PN, Smith A, Tischer S, Studt F. Identification of the Reaction Sequence of the MTO Initiation Mechanism Using Ab Initio-Based Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5908-5915. [PMID: 30920821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process is investigated using a multiscale modeling approach where more than 100 ab initio computed (MP2:DFT) rate constants for H-SSZ-13 are used in a batch reactor model. The investigated reaction network includes the mechanism for initiation (42 steps) and a representative part of the autocatalytic olefin cycle (63 steps). The simulations unravel the dominant initiation pathway for H-SSZ-13: dehydrogenation of methanol to CO is followed by CO-methylation leading to the formation of the first C-C bond in methyl acetate despite high barriers of >200 kJ/mol. Our multiscale approach is able to shed light on the reaction sequence that ultimately leads to olefin formation and strikingly demonstrates that only with a full reactor model that includes autocatalysis with olefins as cocatalysts is one able to understand the initiation mechanism on the atomic scale. Importantly, the model also shows that autocatalysis takes over long before significant amounts of olefins are formed, thus guiding the interpretation of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Ashley Smith
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Steffen Tischer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131 , Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131 , Germany
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41
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Ilyina MG, Shayakhmetova RK, Khamitov EM, Galiakhmetov RN, Mustafin IA, Mustafin AG. Cracking of
n
‐octadecane: A molecular dynamics simulation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita G. Ilyina
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EcologyBashkir State University Ufa Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Dynamics of the Department of Chemistry and TechnologyInstitute of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry Ufa Russia
| | - Regina K. Shayakhmetova
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EcologyBashkir State University Ufa Russia
| | - Edward M. Khamitov
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EcologyBashkir State University Ufa Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Dynamics of the Department of Chemistry and TechnologyInstitute of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry Ufa Russia
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsUfa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Russia
| | - Rail N. Galiakhmetov
- Department of Quality Management, Engineering CollegeBashkir State University Ufa Russia
| | - Ildar A. Mustafin
- Technological Faculty, Department of Oil and Gas TechnologyUfa State Petroleum Technological University Ufa Russia
| | - Akhat G. Mustafin
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EcologyBashkir State University Ufa Russia
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42
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Celestian AJ, Lively J, Xu W. In Situ Cs and H Exchange into Gaidonnayite and Proposed Mechanisms of Ion Diffusion. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1919-1928. [PMID: 30653312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microporous mineral gaidonnayite Na2ZrSi3O9·2H2O was studied to better understand its ion-exchange mechanisms, specifically for Cs+ and H+ ions. In situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), and in situ X-ray fluorescence were used to determine the exchange processes involved. The Raman spectra contain strong peaks that can be attributed to the vibrational modes for the 3MR symmetric stretch at 500 cm-1, Si-O-Zr-O chain stretches at 938 cm-1, and Si-O stretching in the 1000-1100 cm-1 range. The most prominent Raman shift during ion exchange is found near the 520 cm-1 peak, which corresponds to distortions of the 3MR substructure of gaidonnayite. In all instances of this study, the 3MR exhibited the highest amount of distortion during ion exchange, and the evolution of this distortion is compared to unit-cell changes as measured from XRD data and elemental changes via XRF. The correlations between the Raman, XRD, and XRF data show rapid deformation of the 3MR during the onset of H+ ion exchange in the Na form of gaidonnayite. Even when unit-cell volume changes were small (<3 Å3) as in the cases for Cs+ into Na-gaidonnayite and Cs+ into H-gaidonnayite, significant changes in the ≈520 cm-1 peak were measured. By comparing XRD data and Raman data, and verifying the cation uptake by XRF, we were able to identify and confirm conformational changes and distortions in the crystal structure before, during, and after Cs+ and H+ exchange. Cs exchange occurred the fastest and with the greatest capacity when starting in the H-form at room temperature, and at elevated temperatures when starting in the Na-form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Celestian
- Department of Mineral Sciences , Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , 900 Exposition Boulevard , Los Angeles , California 90007 , United States
| | - Jason Lively
- Department of Geography and Geology , Western Kentucky University , 1906 College Heights Boulevard , Bowling Green , Kentucky 42101 , United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
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43
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Zhang Y, Zhao R, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Haller GL, Hu J, Bermejo-Deval R, Liu Y, Lercher JA. Promotion of protolytic pentane conversion on H-MFI zeolite by proximity of extra-framework aluminum oxide and Brønsted acid sites. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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He P, Wang A, Meng S, Bernard GM, Liu L, Michaelis VK, Song H. Impact of Al sites on the methane co-aromatization with alkanes over Zn/HZSM-5. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Li G, Pidko EA. The Nature and Catalytic Function of Cation Sites in Zeolites: a Computational Perspective. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanna Li
- Department Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Department Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
- ITMO University Lomonosova str. 9 St. Petersburg 191002 Russia
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46
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Xiao D, Xu S, Brownbill NJ, Paul S, Chen LH, Pawsey S, Aussenac F, Su BL, Han X, Bao X, Liu Z, Blanc F. Fast detection and structural identification of carbocations on zeolites by dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced solid-state NMR. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8184-8193. [PMID: 30568769 PMCID: PMC6254210 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic zeolites are porous aluminosilicates used in a wide range of industrial processes such as adsorption and catalysis. The formation of carbocation intermediates plays a key role in reactivity, selectivity and deactivation in heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, the observation and determination of carbocations remain a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalysis due to the lack of selective techniques of sufficient sensitivity to detect their low concentrations. Here, we combine 13C isotopic enrichment and efficient dynamic nuclear polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect carbocations in zeolites. We use two dimensional 13C-13C through-bond correlations to establish their structures and 29Si-13C through-space experiments to quantitatively probe the interaction between multiple surface sites of the zeolites and the confined hydrocarbon pool species. We show that a range of various membered ring carbocations are intermediates in the methanol to hydrocarbons reaction catalysed by different microstructural β-zeolites and highlight that different reaction routes for the formation of both targeted hydrocarbon products and coke exist. These species have strong van der Waals interaction with the zeolite framework demonstrating that their accumulation in the channels of the zeolites leads to deactivation. These results enable understanding of deactivation pathways and open up opportunities for the design of catalysts with improved performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Nick J Brownbill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Subhradip Paul
- DNP MAS NMR Facility , Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 122 Luoshi Road , 430070 , Wuhan , China
| | - Shane Pawsey
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker BioSpin , 34 rue de I'Industrie BP 10002 , 67166 Wissembourg Cedex , France
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 122 Luoshi Road , 430070 , Wuhan , China
- CMI (Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry) , University of Namur , 61 rue de Bruxelles , B-5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Xiuwen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK .
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK
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47
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Cnudde P, De Wispelaere K, Vanduyfhuys L, Demuynck R, Van der Mynsbrugge J, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. How Chain Length and Branching Influence the Alkene Cracking Reactivity on H-ZSM-5. ACS Catal 2018; 8:9579-9595. [PMID: 30319885 PMCID: PMC6179455 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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Catalytic alkene
cracking on H-ZSM-5 involves a complex reaction
network with many possible reaction routes and often elusive intermediates.
Herein, advanced molecular dynamics simulations at 773 K, a typical
cracking temperature, are performed to clarify the nature of the intermediates
and to elucidate dominant cracking pathways at operating conditions.
A series of C4–C8 alkene intermediates
are investigated to evaluate the influence of chain length and degree
of branching on their stability. Our simulations reveal that linear,
secondary carbenium ions are relatively unstable, although their lifetime
increases with carbon number. Tertiary carbenium ions, on the other
hand, are shown to be very stable, irrespective of the chain length.
Highly branched carbenium ions, though, tend to rapidly rearrange
into more stable cationic species, either via cracking or isomerization
reactions. Dominant cracking pathways were determined by combining
these insights on carbenium ion stability with intrinsic free energy
barriers for various octene β-scission reactions, determined
via umbrella sampling simulations at operating temperature (773 K).
Cracking modes A (3° → 3°) and B2 (3°
→ 2°) are expected to be dominant at operating conditions,
whereas modes B1 (2° → 3°), C (2°
→ 2°), D2 (2° → 1°), and E2 (3° → 1°) are expected to be less important.
All β-scission modes in which a transition state with primary
carbocation character is involved have high intrinsic free energy
barriers. Reactions starting from secondary carbenium ions will contribute
less as these intermediates are short living at the high cracking
temperature. Our results show the importance of simulations at operating
conditions to properly evaluate the carbenium ion stability for β-scission
reactions and to assess the mobility of all species in the pores of
the zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Cnudde
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kristof De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Ruben Demuynck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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48
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Mortén M, Mentel Ł, Lazzarini A, Pankin IA, Lamberti C, Bordiga S, Crocellà V, Svelle S, Lillerud KP, Olsbye U. A Systematic Study of Isomorphically Substituted H-MAlPO-5 Materials for the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Reaction. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:484-495. [PMID: 29250897 PMCID: PMC5838544 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituting metals for either aluminum or phosphorus in crystalline, microporous aluminophosphates creates Brønsted acid sites, which are well known to catalyze several key reactions, including the methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction. In this work, we synthesized a series of metal-substituted aluminophosphates with AFI topology that differed primarily in their acid strength and that spanned a predicted range from high Brønsted acidity (H-MgAlPO-5, H-CoAlPO-5, and H-ZnAlPO-5) to medium acidity (H-SAPO-5) and low acidity (H-TiAlPO-5 and H-ZrAlPO-5). The synthesis was aimed to produce materials with homogenous properties (e.g. morphology, crystallite size, acid-site density, and surface area) to isolate the influence of metal substitution. This was verified by extensive characterization. The materials were tested in the MTH reaction at 450 °C by using dimethyl ether (DME) as feed. A clear activity difference was found, for which the predicted stronger acids converted DME significantly faster than the medium and weak Brønsted acidic materials. Furthermore, the stronger Brønsted acids (Mg, Co and Zn) produced more light alkenes than the weaker acids. The weaker acids, especially H-SAPO-5, produced more aromatics and alkanes, which indicates that the relative rates of competing reactions change upon decreasing the acid strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Mortén
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
| | - Łukasz Mentel
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
| | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
| | - Ilia A. Pankin
- Department of ChemistryCrisDi Interdepartmental Centre, and INSRM referenceUniversity of Turinvia Pietro Giuria 710125TurinItaly
- International Research Center “Smart Materials”Southern Federal UniversityZorge Street 5344090Rostov-on-DonRussia
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of ChemistryCrisDi Interdepartmental Centre, and INSRM referenceUniversity of Turinvia Pietro Giuria 710125TurinItaly
- International Research Center “Smart Materials”Southern Federal UniversityZorge Street 5344090Rostov-on-DonRussia
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of ChemistryCrisDi Interdepartmental Centre, and INSRM referenceUniversity of Turinvia Pietro Giuria 710125TurinItaly
| | - Valentina Crocellà
- Department of ChemistryCrisDi Interdepartmental Centre, and INSRM referenceUniversity of Turinvia Pietro Giuria 710125TurinItaly
| | - Stian Svelle
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
| | - Karl Petter Lillerud
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033, Blindern0315OsloNorway
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49
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Luo W, van Eck ERH, Bruijnincx PCA, Weckhuysen BM. Influence of Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation on Aluminum Coordination in Zeolite-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts: A 27 Al 3QMAS Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:379-385. [PMID: 29164764 PMCID: PMC5836955 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of a highly oxygenated, polar protic reaction medium, that is, levulinic acid in 2-ethylhexanoic acid, on the dealumination of two zeolite-supported ruthenium catalysts, namely Ru/H-β and Ru/H-ZSM-5, has been investigated by 27 Al triple-quantum magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3QMAS NMR). Upon use of these catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, the heterogeneity in aluminum speciation is found to increase for both Ru/H-ZSM-5 and Ru/H-β. For Ru/H-ZSM-5, the symmetric, tetrahedral framework aluminum species (FAL) were found to be mainly converted into distorted tetrahedral FAL species, with limited loss of aluminum to the solution by leaching. A severe loss of both FAL and extra-framework aluminum (EFAL) species into the liquid phase was observed for Ru/H-β instead. The large decrease in tetrahedral FAL species, in particular, results in a significant decrease in strong acid sites, as corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This decrease in acidity, evidence of the inferior stability of the strongly acidic sites in Ru/H-β relative to Ru/H-ZSM-5 under the applied conditions, is considered as the main reason for differences seen in catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongshan Road 457Dalian116023China
| | - Ernst R. H. van Eck
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalsweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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50
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Plessow PN, Studt F. Olefin methylation and cracking reactions in H-SSZ-13 investigated with ab initio and DFT calculations. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The olefin cycle of the methanol-to-olefins process is investigated for the zeolite H-SSZ-13 using periodic, van-der-Waals corrected DFT calculations, together with MP2 corrections derived from cluster models, which are essential for accurate barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N. Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
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