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Spatial-Temporal Changes in Removal of Fecal Indicators and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in a Constructed Wetland with Ornamental Plants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in a constructed wetland (CW), setup in a tourism house, for domestic wastewater treatment. The influence of season variations on the abundance of fecal indicator organisms (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) in the wastewater and in the substrate and the roots of plants inhabiting the inlet and outlet zones of the CW was evaluated along three consecutive years. The structure and diversity of bacterial communities associated to the CW’s substrate of inlet and outlet zones was also analyzed overtime. Wastewater was characterized for physicochemical and microbiological parameters and the bacterial communities colonizing the substrate surface, were analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The CW was effective in removing COD, BOD5, TSS, PO43−, NH4+, NO3−, and NO2−. It was also effective in removing fecal indicators, with a generalized decrease of total coliforms and E. coli in the substrate and in the wastewater from inlet to outlet of up to 2–3 log. The structure and composition of bacterial communities associated with the substrate was mainly influenced by the year rather than by the season or the CW zone.
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Influences of Dimethyl Phthalate on Bacterial Community and Enzyme Activity in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), belonging to the family of Phthalate esters (PAEs), is a plasticizer and has been widely used in the world for many years. Nowadays, it has become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and is listed as an environmental priority pollutant by China’s Environmental Monitoring Center. The purpose of this study is to estimate the responses of the bacterial community and enzyme activity to DMP contamination in three vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW), namely the constructed wetland A (planted with Pennisetum sinese Roxb), constructed wetland B (planted with Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), and constructed wetland C (unplanted), respectively. The results showed that the relative percentages of some genera associated with nitrogen metabolism and the function of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons were increased by DMP contamination, such as Dechloromonas agitata, Pleomorphomonas sp., Denitratisoma oestradiolicum, Plasticicumulans lactativorans, Novosphingobium sp., Alicycliphilus denitrificans, and Thauera sp. Meanwhile, principal coordinate analysis (PCA) analysis showed that the addition of DMP divided 12 samples into two groups as followed: one was the DMP group containing a-1, a-2, b-1, b-2, c-1 and c-2 while the other was no DMP group including A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, C-1 and C-2. It indicated that DMP was the main reason for this change. In addition, by monitoring the activity of substrate enzymes, the activity of urease, phosphatase, catalase, and invertase in the wetlands before and after the experiment, these were significantly higher in the upper layer than in the lower layer and maintained high activity. Ultimately, the average influent concentration of DMP in three VFCWs was 8.12 mg/L and the average removal efficiency of the effluent was over 90%. Our results suggested that DMP was an important factor affecting the microbial community structure of wetland and the upper layer of the VFCW was the main site for the degradation of DMP. VFCW has great potential for the removal of the high concentration of DMP and it can be a good choice for the treatment of PAEs.
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Ramírez S, Torrealba G, Lameda-Cuicas E, Molina-Quintero L, Stefanakis AI, Pire-Sierra MC. Investigation of pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating simulated pre-treated tannery wastewater under tropical climate. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:496-504. [PMID: 31229710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tannery wastewater is characterized by high and variable concentrations of diverse pollutants, which makes it difficult and costly to treat. In the search for sustainable treatment options for tannery effluents, two pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) constructed wetlands (CW) were built and operated for the treatment of synthetic water of quality similar to that of pre-treated tannery effluents. Five different loading phases were examined with gradual increase of inflow COD, NH4+-N and Cr loads until reaching and exceeding the typical composition of a tannery effluent. High COD and NH4+-N removals were observed (82 and 96%, respectively), and almost complete Cr removal in the outflow, which met the Venezuela national standards for environmental discharge. Plant uptake was measured, but microbial processes appear to be the main ammonium transformation/removal mechanism. Nitrogen, chlorophyll and Cr in the plant aerial parts and roots indicated the capacity of Phragmites sp. to grow and survive even under high loads. The measured heterotrophic bacteria in the substrate and rhizomes indicated the biofilm development and the oxidation of organic matter and nitrogen. Water losses via evapotraspiration were also measured and reached 14%. Overall, the tested CW design proved to be a sustainable and feasible alternative for the treatment of tannery wastewater in tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramírez
- Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Graciela Torrealba
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Eudimar Lameda-Cuicas
- Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela; Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Luisa Molina-Quintero
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | | | - Maria Carolina Pire-Sierra
- Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Quality Control, Agroindustrial Engineering Program, Centroccidental University "Lisandro Alvarado", Barquisimeto, Venezuela
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Correlating microbial community with physicochemical indices and structures of a full-scale integrated constructed wetland system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6917-6926. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ibekwe AM, Ma J, Murinda S, Reddy GB. Bacterial community dynamics in surface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of swine waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:68-76. [PMID: 26657250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are generally used for the removal of waste from contaminated water. In the swine production system, wastes are traditionally flushed into an anaerobic lagoon which is then sprayed on agricultural fields. However, continuous spraying of lagoon wastewater on fields can lead to high N and P accumulations in soil or lead to runoff which may contaminate surface or ground water with pathogens and nutrients. In this study, continuous marsh constructed wetland was used for the removal of contaminants from swine waste. Using pyrosequencing, we assessed bacterial composition within the wetland using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) which showed that bacterial composition from manure influent and lagoon water were significantly different (P=0.001) from the storage pond to the final effluent. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that different bacterial populations were significantly impacted by ammonium--NH4 (P=0.035), phosphate--PO4(3-) (P=0.010), chemical oxygen demand--COD (P=0.0165), total solids--TS (P=0.030), and dissolved solids--DS (P=0.030) removal, with 54% of the removal rate explained by NH4+PO4(3-) according to a partial CCA. Our results showed that different bacterial groups were responsible for the composition of different wetland nutrients and decomposition process. This may be the major reason why most wetlands are very efficient in waste decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ibekwe
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
| | - J Ma
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Shelton Murinda
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - G B Reddy
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Li X, Zhang M, Liu F, Li Y, He Y, Zhang S, Wu J. The Significance of Myriophyllum elatinoides for Swine Wastewater Treatment: Abundance and Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Sediments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139778. [PMID: 26444015 PMCID: PMC4596523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myriophyllum elatinoides was reported to effectively treat wastewater by removing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). However, little is known about the abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms associated with M. elatinoides purification systems. The objective of this research was to characterize the abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in swine wastewater and determine the main nitrogen removal pathways. In this study, five different waters were treated by M. elatinoides in microcosms for one month. The five waters included tap water (Control), swine wastewater (SW), 50% diluted swine wastewater (50% SW), and two synthetic wastewaters: 200 mg NH4+-N L−1 (200 NH4+-N) and 400 mg NH4+-N L−1 (400 NH4+-N). The most dramatic changes were in NH4+-N and total N (TN) concentrations, with average removal rates of 84% and 90%, respectively, in the treatments containing swine wastewater. On days 7, 14, and 28, the dissolved oxygen (DO) increased by 81.8%, 210.4% and 136.5%, respectively, compared with on day 0, in the swine wastewater. The results also showed that the bacterial amoA (AOB) copy numbers in the sediments of the treatments were significantly higher than those of archaeal amoA (AOA) copy numbers (p = 0.015). In addition, the high DO concentrations in swine wastewater responded well to the high abundance of AOB. The AOA and AOB community distributions were positively related with NO3-N and were negatively related with DO in swine wastewater treatments. In summary, our experimental results suggested that the M. elatinoides purification system could improve the activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and consequently might contribute to the significant N removal from the swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FL); (YL); (JW)
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FL); (YL); (JW)
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FL); (YL); (JW)
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Arroyo P, Sáenz de Miera LE, Ansola G. Influence of environmental variables on the structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in natural and constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:380-90. [PMID: 25460973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are key players in wetland ecosystems, however many essential aspects regarding the ecology of wetland bacterial communities remain unknown. The present study characterizes soil bacterial communities from natural and constructed wetlands through the pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA genes in order to evaluate the influence of wetland variables on bacterial community composition and structure. The results show that the composition of soil bacterial communities was significantly associated with the wetland type (natural or constructed wetland), the type of environment (lagoon, Typha or Salix) and three continuous parameters (SOM, COD and TKN). However, no clear associations were observed with soil pH. Bacterial diversity values were significantly lower in the constructed wetland with the highest inlet nutrient concentrations. The abundances of particular metabolic groups were also related to wetland characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arroyo
- Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Calle La Serna, no. 56, CP 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Luis E Sáenz de Miera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, CP 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Gemma Ansola
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, CP 24071, León, Spain.
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Chang JJ, Liang K, Wu SQ, Zhang SH, Liang W. Comparative evaluations of organic matters and nitrogen removal capacities of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands: Domestic and nitrified wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:757-766. [PMID: 25901854 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1012009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two groups of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) microcosms were established for treating two types of representative wastewater: domestic and nitrified wastewater under two loading rates (LRs) over about two years. Their removal capacities of organic substance and nitrogen as well as the effects of loading rate (LR), outflow temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration were investigated and compared. Efficient chemical oxygen demand (COD) eliminations were achieved by the IVCWs, with the mass removal rates increasing linearly with the increasing LRs strongly, achieving average value of 56.07 g m(-2) d(-1) at the highest loading rate. Nevertheless, the effluent COD concentrations also increased, with the average value exceeding Class I A discharge standard (< 50 mg L(-1)) for municipal wastewater treatment plants in China at the highest loading rate. Greater total nitrogen (TN) mass removal rates but lower efficiencies were obtained at the high LR for both types of wastewater, and better removal was achieved for nitrified wastewater (NW) in comparison to domestic wastewater (DW), probably due to the prevailing anoxic conditions inside the IVCW beds restricted nitrification process of DW. The influences of LR, temperature and DO on COD removal were slight, but all remarkable on TN reduction. As compared to DO, temperature was more crucial for nitrogen removal, and the temperature dependence coefficient for TN removal of low LR of NW was significantly greater than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun J Chang
- a Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yunnan University , Kunming , China
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9
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Wei M, Harnisch F, Vogt C, Ahlheim J, Neu TR, Richnow HH. Harvesting electricity from benzene and ammonium-contaminated groundwater using a microbial fuel cell with an aerated cathode. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was successfully applied for the treatment of benzene and ammonium co-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wei
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Jörg Ahlheim
- Department of Groundwater Remediation
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Thomas R. Neu
- Department of River Ecology
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Magdeburg
- Germany
| | - Hans H. Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
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10
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Despland LM, Clark MW, Vancov T, Aragno M. Nutrient removal and microbial communities' development in a young unplanted constructed wetland using Bauxsol™ pellets to treat wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:167-175. [PMID: 24705299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater was treated over a six month period in an unplanted constructed wetland with a lower soil layer and an upper Bauxsol™ pellet layer. The interactions between Bauxsol™ pellets, soil, effluent and microbial communities demonstrated a positive influence on contaminant removal. Bauxsol™ treated effluent showed >95% phosphate removal and ~26% nitrogen removal during the trial. Substantial quantities of nitrate, trace-metals and Colwell P were bound to the pellets, whereas only ammonium was bound to the soil. The structure of microbial communities analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed distinct bacterial communities attached to Bauxsol™ pellets and soil owing to differences in geochemistry and micro-environmental conditions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of specific marker genes (i.e. bacterial and archaeal amoA genes, nosZ gene, and hzo gene) was used to evaluate the presence of microbial communities associated with nitrogen transformation. Data revealed the co-existence of aerobic ammonia-oxidising bacteria, anaerobic ammonia-oxidising bacteria (anammox) and denitrifiers attached to Bauxsol™ pellets and ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea attached to soil. This study successfully demonstrates that Bauxsol™ pellets are a suited alternative media for constructed wetland to treat wastewater effectively removing phosphate and serving as biomass support particles for bacterial communities associated with nitrogen-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure M Despland
- School of Environment, Science & Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Department of Primary Industries NSW, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia; Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, PO Box 158, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm W Clark
- School of Environment, Science & Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Tony Vancov
- Department of Primary Industries NSW, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Michel Aragno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, PO Box 158, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Dalahmeh SS, Jönsson H, Hylander LD, Hui N, Yu D, Pell M. Dynamics and functions of bacterial communities in bark, charcoal and sand filters treating greywater. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 54:21-32. [PMID: 24531077 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of greywater application on the dynamics and functions of biofilms developed in bark, activated charcoal and sand filters used for removal of organic matter and nitrogen. Duplicate columns (20 cm diameter, 60 cm deep) were packed with bark, charcoal or sand with effective size 1.4 mm and uniformity coefficient 2.2, and dosed with 32 L m(-2) day(-1) of an artificial greywater (14 g BOD5 m(-2) day(-1)) for 116 days. Potential respiration rate (PRR), determined in filter samples after addition of excess glucose, and bacterial diversity and composition, analysed by 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA, were measured at different times and depths in the filters. The bark and charcoal filters were more efficient in removing BOD5 than the sand (98, 97% and 75%, respectively). The highest PRR in the 0-2 cm layer of the columns on day 84 was found in the bark filters, followed by the charcoal and sand filters (632 ± 66, 222 ± 34 and 56 ± 2 mg O2 L(-1), respectively; n = 2). Bacterial community in the bark filters showed the highest richness. The charcoal and sand filters both developed more diverse and dynamic (changing over time and depth) bacterial communities than the bark. In addition to the greywater, the lignocelluosic composition of the bark and its lower pH probably selected for the bacterial community structure and the organic content provided additional substrate, as shown by its higher PRR and its different nitrifying bacterial genera. In the oligotrophic charcoal and sand, the composition of the greywater itself defined the bacterial community. Thus, the initially low bacterial biomass in the latter filters was enriched over time, allowing a diversified bacterial community to develop. The top layers of the bark and charcoal filters displayed a high dominance of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, which were less evident in the 60 cm layer, whereas in the sand filters these genera were prominent at both 0-2 cm and 60 cm. The PRR, bacterial diversity and composition profiles indicated that organic matter degradation occurred mainly in the top 20 cm of the bark and charcoal filters. This means that bark and charcoal filters could be designed to be shallower than sand filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Dalahmeh
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Jönsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars D Hylander
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7032, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nan Hui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Mikael Pell
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wu SQ, Chang JJ, Dai Y, Wu ZB, Liang W. Treatment performance and microorganism community structure of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3789-3798. [PMID: 23179215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the treatment performance and microorganism mechanism of IVCW for domestic wastewater in central of China, two parallel pilot-scale IVCW systems were built to evaluate purification efficiencies, microbial community structure and enzyme activities. The results showed that mean removal efficiencies were 81.03 % for COD, 51.66 % for total nitrogen (TN), 42.50 % for NH4 (+)-N, and 68.01 % for TP. Significant positive correlations between nitrate reductase activities and TN and NH4 (+)-N removal efficiencies, along with a significant correlation between substrate enzyme activity and operation time, were observed. Redundancy analysis demonstrated gram-negative bacteria were mainly responsible for urease and phosphatase activities, and also played a major role in dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase activities. Meanwhile, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and saturated FA groups, gram-positive bacteria exhibited good correlations with the removal of COD (p=0.388), N (p=0.236), and TP (p=0.074), respectively. The IVCW system can be used to treat domestic wastewater effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Aguiar-Pinto Mina I, Costa M, Matos A, Sousa Coutinho Calheiros C, Castro PML. Polishing domestic wastewater on a subsurface flow constructed wetland: organic matter removal and microbial monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13:947-958. [PMID: 21972563 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2010.532182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial monitoring of constructed wetlands (CWs) treating domestic wastewater is generally scarce, despite the need of more knowledge about its biocenosis. The sanitation quality of a wastewater treated in a CW is a crucial aspect, mainly when the receiving water body is used as a swimming and/or recreation area. The present study was carried out in a horizontal subsurface flow CWplanted with Phragmites australis receiving pre-treated domestic wastewater (mean flow 50 m3 day(-1)), from a population of about 300 inhabitants. The monitoring programme undertaken during the first year operation, revealed removal efficiencies of 61% BOD5, 44% COD, and 65% TSS for inlet water with ca. 90 mg L(-1) BOD5, 157 mg L(-1) COD, and 17 mg L(-1) TSS. Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) bacteria were removed from wastewater (mean inlet values of 5 x 10(6) CFU 100 mL(-1) TC and of 9 x 10(5) CFU 100 mL(-1) FC), with efficiencies of 92 and 97%, respectively. The dynamics of microbial communities established in the system assessed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), had revealed a high bacterial diversity within the system, with no relevant differences in composition at the CW inlet and outlet but exhibiting temporal differences in bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aguiar-Pinto Mina
- CITAB/Departamento de Biologia-Escola de Ciêkncias, Universidade do Minho (DB-ECUM), Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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Ren YX, Zhang H, Wang C, Yang YZ, Qin Z, Ma Y. Effects of the substrate depth on purification performance of a hybrid constructed wetland treating domestic sewage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:777-782. [PMID: 21644156 DOI: 10.1080/13632469.2011.571960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The depth of substrate in constructed wetlands (CWs) has a significant effect on the construction investment and the purification performance of CWs. In this study, a pilot scale CW system was operated in a domestic sewage treatment plant in Xi'an, China. The experimental systems included three-series CWs systems with substrate depths of 0.1m, 0.3 m and 0.6 m, respectively. Each series was composed of a hydroponic ditch, a horizontal subsurface flow CW and a vertical flow CW. The effluent from the primary clarifier in the sewage treatment plant was intermittently conducted to the wetlands at a flow rate of 0.3 m(3)/d. The hydraulic loading rate of each CWs system was regulated at 0.1 m(3)/m(2).d and the hydraulic retention time was 3 days. Canna indica L. was planted both in the hydroponic ditches and the CWs systems. Results showed that the highest removal efficiency of NH(+)(4)-N and TP was obtained in the hybrid CW with 0.1 m substrate depth. The average removal efficiency for NH(+)(4)-N and TP were 90.6 % and 80.0 %, respectively. The highest average removal efficiency of COD was obtained in hybrid CWs system with 0.6 m substrate depth. Therefore, a simultaneous removal of COD and nutrients can be achieved through the combination of different wetlands using different substrate depths. In addition, the substrate depth presents significant effects on the concentration of DO and root growth characteristics of canna in the system. As a result, the highest concentration of DO (>2 mg/L) and the highest amount of roots production were achieved in the 0.1 m substrate depth horizontal and vertical flow CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Northwestern Water Resource and Environment Ecology of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
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Iasur-Kruh L, Hadar Y, Milstein D, Gasith A, Minz D. Microbial population and activity in wetland microcosms constructed for improving treated municipal wastewater. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2010; 59:700-709. [PMID: 19946683 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The idea of using constructed wetlands for the treatment and improving of wastewater emerged in the second half of the last century. Despite relatively wide use of this environmentally friendly technology, relatively little is known about the microbial populations involved in biotransformation and removal of contaminants in this system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the assembly and function of microbial populations in vertical-flow constructed wetland microcosms designed to improve the quality of wastewater after activated sludge treatment. Also, the performance of 3-year-old wetland ponds was investigated. Even though the quality of the influent water was relatively high, improvement in water parameters such as coliform level, ammonia concentration, BOD, and TSS was observed. The performance of the wetland ponds was comparable to that of the microcosms. The microbial community composition of the biofilm formed on the surface of gravel particles in vegetated and plant-free microcosms was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Highly complex bacterial diversity was observed in the biofilm. Cluster analysis of DGGE patterns demonstrated that depth within the wetland microcosm has a stronger effect on microbial community composition of the biofilm formed on wetland matrix than vegetation. Measurements of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity and nitrification potential revealed that hydrolytic activity was affected by both microcosm depth and vegetation presence, whereas nitrification potential was mostly influenced by depth. Resolving the bacterial assemblage of wetland biofilm, which often is considered a black box, will help to understand the interactions involved in the development of diverse and mature biofilm and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- Institute for Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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Imfeld G, Aragonés CE, Fetzer I, Mészáros É, Zeiger S, Nijenhuis I, Nikolausz M, Delerce S, Richnow HH. Characterization of microbial communities in the aqueous phase of a constructed model wetland treating 1,2-dichloroethene-contaminated groundwater. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 72:74-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Calheiros CSC, Duque AF, Moura A, Henriques IS, Correia A, Rangel AOSS, Castro PML. Changes in the bacterial community structure in two-stage constructed wetlands with different plants for industrial wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3228-3235. [PMID: 19303772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the diversity of bacterial communities from two series of two-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) treating tannery wastewater, under different hydraulic conditions. Series were separately planted with Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis in expanded clay aggregates and operated for 31 months. The effect of plant species, hydraulic loading and unit stage on bacterial communities was addressed through bacterial enumeration and denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Diverse and distinct bacterial communities were found in each system unit, which was related in part to the type of plant and stage position (first or second unit in the series). Numerical analysis of DGGE profiles showed high diversity in each unit with an even distribution of species. No clear relation was established between the sample collection time, hydraulic loading applied and the bacterial diversity. Isolates retrieved from plant roots and substrates of CWs were affiliated with gamma-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, alpha-Proteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Both series were effective in removing organic matter from the inlet wastewater, however, based on batch degradation experiments it seems that biodegradation was limited by the recalcitrant properties of the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S C Calheiros
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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Truu M, Juhanson J, Truu J. Microbial biomass, activity and community composition in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:3958-3971. [PMID: 19157517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current article is to give an overview about microbial communities and their functioning but also about factors affecting microbial activity in the three most common types (surface flow and two types of sub-surface flow) of constructed wetlands. The paper reviews the community composition and structural diversity of the microbial biomass, analyzing different aspects of microbial activity with respect to wastewater properties, specific wetland type, and environmental parameters. A brief introduction about the application of different novel molecular techniques for the assessment of microbial communities in constructed wetlands is also given. Microbially mediated processes in constructed wetlands are mainly dependent on hydraulic conditions, wastewater properties, including substrate and nutrient quality and availability, filter material or soil type, plants, and different environmental factors. Microbial biomass is within similar ranges in both horizontal and vertical subsurface flow and surface flow constructed wetlands. Stratification of the biomass but also a stratified structural pattern of the bacterial community can be seen in subsurface flow systems. Microbial biomass C/N ratio is higher in horizontal flow systems compared to vertical flow systems, indicating the structural differences in microbial communities between those two constructed wetland types. The total activity of the microbial community is in the same range, but heterotrophic growth is higher in the subsurface (vertical flow) system compared to the surface flow systems. Available species-specific data about microbial communities in different types of wetlands is scarce and therefore it is impossible make any general conclusions about the dynamics of microbial community structure in wetlands, its relationship to removal processes and operational parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia Str, Tartu, Estonia
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Tietz A, Kirschner A, Langergraber G, Sleytr K, Haberl R. Characterisation of microbial biocoenosis in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 380:163-72. [PMID: 17223185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study a quantitative description of the microbial biocoenosis in subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands fed with municipal wastewater was carried out. Three different methods (substrate induced respiration, ATP measurement and fumigation-extraction) were applied to measure the microbial biomass at different depths of planted and unplanted systems. Additionally, bacterial biomass was determined by epifluorescence microscopy and productivity was measured via (14)C leucine incorporation into bacterial biomass. All methods showed that >50% of microbial biomass and bacterial activity could be found in the first cm and about 95% in the first 10 cm of the filter layer. Bacterial biomass in the first 10 cm of the filter body accounted only for 16-19% of the total microbial biomass. Whether fungi or methodical uncertainties are mainly responsible for the difference between microbial and bacterial biomass remains to be examined. A comparison between the purification performance of planted and unplanted pilot-scale subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (PSCWs) showed no significant difference with the exception of the reduction of enterococci. The microbial biomass in all depths of the filter body was also not different in planted and unplanted systems. Compared with data from soils the microbial biomass in the PSCWs was high, although the specific surface area of the used sandy filter material available for biofilm growth was lower, especially in the beginning of the set-up of the PSCWs, due to missing clay and silt fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tietz
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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