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Oser C, Leukefeld C, Staton-Tindall M, Duvall J, Garrity T, Stoops W, Falck R, Wang J, Carlson R, Sexton R, Wright P, Booth B. Criminality Among Rural Stimulant Users in the United States. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 2011; 57:600-621. [PMID: 21686091 PMCID: PMC3115620 DOI: 10.1177/0011128708325048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increase in media attention on "meth cooking" in rural areas of the United States, little is known about rural stimulant use, particularly the criminality associated with stimulant use. Data were collected from community stimulant users in rural Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky (N=709). Findings from three logistic regression models indicate that younger stimulant users (x =32.55, SD = 10.35), those with more convictions, and those who used crack frequently were significantly more likely to have been arrested for committing a substance-related crime, a property crime, or another crime in the 6-months before entering the study. Implications include the need for longitudinal studies to further understand rural stimulant use as well as increasing community and corrections-based drug abuse prevention and treatment interventions for stimulant users who live in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Oser
- Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, 1531 Patterson Office Tower, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-323-3792, Fax: 859-323-1193
| | - Carl Leukefeld
- Professor, Department of Behavioral Science, 111 College of Medicine Office Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-257-2355, Fax: 859-323-1193
| | - Michele Staton-Tindall
- Assistant Professor, College of Social Work, 672 Patterson Office Tower, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-257-2483, Fax: 859-323-1193
| | - Jamieson Duvall
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Behavioral Science, 643 Maxwelton Court, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-533-1233, Fax: 859-323-1193
| | - Thomas Garrity
- Professor, Department of Behavioral Science, 120 College of Medicine Office Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-323-6100, Fax: 859-323-5350
| | - William Stoops
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Behavioral Science, 105 College of Medicine Office Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, , Phone: 859-257-5388, Fax: 859-323-5350
| | - Russel Falck
- Assistant Professor, Center for Interventions, Treatment and Addictions Research, Department of Community Health, Medical Sciences Building, 110, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, , Phone: 937-775-2066, Fax: 937-775-2214
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Professor, Center for Interventions, Treatment and Addictions Research, Department of Community Health, Medical Sciences Building 110, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, , Phone: 937-775-2066, Fax: 937-775-2214
| | - Robert Carlson
- Professor and Director, Center for Interventions, Treatment and Addictions Research, Department of Community Health, Medical Sciences Building 110, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, , Phone: 937-775-2066, Fax: 937-775-2214
| | - Rocky Sexton
- Research Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health, Medical Sciences Building 110, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, , Phone: 937-775-2066, Fax: 937-775-2214
| | - Patricia Wright
- Project Director, Division of Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, HSR&D Center for Mental Healthcare Outcomes and Research Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 5800 W. 10th St, Suite 605, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, , Phone: 501-686-5483, Fax: 501-686-8154
| | - Brenda Booth
- Professor, Division of Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, HSR&D Center for Mental Healthcare Outcomes and Research Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 5800 W. 10th St, Suite 605, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, , Phone: 501-686-5483, Fax: 501-686-8154
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Lawrinson P, Copeland J, Indig D. Regional differences in injecting practices and other substance use-related behaviour among entrants into opioid maintenance pharmacotherapy treatment in New South Wales, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 82 Suppl 1:S95-102. [PMID: 16769453 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(06)80015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations of injecting drug users (IDUs) have been conducted largely in urban areas. Those studies that compare rural and urban IDUs often utilise small and possibly unrepresentative samples. AIM To investigate regional differences in the characteristics of IDUs. METHODS The study compared the demographic, drug use-related, and treatment characteristics of 1045 urban, 213 regional, and 254 rural opioid maintenance pharmacotherapy (OMP) treatment entrants recruited as part of a feasibility study into the implementation of a state-based treatment outcome monitoring system. RESULTS Participants from regional and rural New South Wales (NSW) were significantly more likely to report sharing of needles and other injection equipment and higher non-opioid drug use and polydrug use than their urban counterparts. In addition, they were more likely to be living with dependent children, to be unemployed, and to be experiencing greater psychological problems than their urban counterparts. Needle sharing also was independently associated with being younger, female, having been arrested, or having non-opioid drugs of concern. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for the higher rates of blood-borne virus (BBV) transmission risk-related behaviour among rural and regional IDUs should be investigated further and considered when planning for the targeted provision of harm reduction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lawrinson
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 2001 Australia.
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