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Sumran G, Jain N, Kumar P, Aggarwal R. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as Versatile Synthons in Synthesis of Heterocycles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303599. [PMID: 38055226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl group relishes a privileged position in the realm of medicinal chemistry because its incorporation into organic molecules often enhances the bioactivity by altering pharmacological profile of molecule. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls have emerged as pivotal building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry due to their facile accessibility, stability and remarkable versatility. Owing to presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, they offer multifunctional sites for the reaction. This review covers a meticulous exploration of their multifaceted role, encompassing an in-depth analysis of mechanism, extensive scope, limitations and wide-ranging applications in diverse organic synthesis, covering the literature from the 21st century. This comprehensive review encapsulates the applications of trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls and their synthetic equivalents as precursors of complex and diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, fused heterocycles and spirocyclic compounds having medicinal and material importance. Their potent synthetic utility in cyclocondensation reactions with binucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, C-C bond formations, asymmetric multicomponent reactions using classical/solvent-free/catalytic synthesis have been presented. Influence of unsymmetrical trifluoromethyl-β-diketones on regioselectivity of transformation is also reviewed. This review will benefit the synthetic and pharmaceutical communities to explore trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as trifluoromethyl building blocks for fabrication of heterocyclic scaffolds having implementation into drug discovery programs in the imminent future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, 134 003, Haryana, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Stefanello FS, Kappenberg YG, Araújo JN, Franceschini SZ, Martins MA, Zanatta N, Iglesias BA, Bonacorso HG. Trifluoromethyl-substituted aryldiazenyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-amines: Regioselective synthesis, structure, and optical properties. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kumar SV, Muthusubramanian S, Perumal S. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridines and Their Derivatives. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1542517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Muthusubramanian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbu Perumal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khutoryanskiy VV, Biitseva AV, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Trifluoromethylquinolines and their Heteroaromatic Analogues. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Khutoryanskiy
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 01103 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivChemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Angelina V. Biitseva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivChemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 01103 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivChemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- UkrOrgSyntez Ltd. (UORSY) Shorsa 29 01103 Kyiv Ukraine
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De Rosa M, Arnold D, Hartline D, Truong L, Verner R, Wang T, Westin C. Effect of Bronsted Acids and Bases, and Lewis Acid (Sn(2+)) on the Regiochemistry of the Reaction of Amines with Trifluoromethyl-β-diketones: Reaction of 3-Aminopyrrole to Selectively Produce Regioisomeric 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12288-99. [PMID: 26575797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 3-aminopyrrole (as its salt) with trifluoromethyl-β-diketones gave γ-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridines via reaction at the less reactive carbonyl group. The trifluoromethyl group increased the electrophilicity of the adjacent carbonyl group and decreased the basicity of the hydroxyl group of the CF3 amino alcohol formed. This amino alcohol was formed faster, but its subsequent dehydration to the β-enaminone was slow resulting in the preferential formation of the γ-regioisomer. Reaction of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butadione with 3-aminopyrrole was carried out using a series of 6 amine buffers. Yields of the α-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine increased as the pKa of the amine buffer decreased. Surprisingly the yield went down at higher pKas. There was a change in mechanism as the reaction mixture became more basic. With strong amines trifluoromethyl-β-diketones were present mainly or completely as the enolate. Under reductive conditions (3-nitropyrrole/Sn/AcOH/trifluoromethyl-β-diketone) the α-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine was the major product as a result of Lewis acid catalysis by Sn(2+). Similar α-regiochemistry was observed when the reaction of the 3-aminopyrrole salt with trifluoromethyl-β-diketones was carried out in the presence of base and tin(II) acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - David Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Douglas Hartline
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Linda Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Roman Verner
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Christian Westin
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine , 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
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Kaur N. Benign Approaches for the Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Five-membered 1,2-N,N-heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry; Banasthali University; Banasthali 304022 Rajasthan India
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Kumar V, Gupta GK, Kaur K, Singh R. 4-Fluorophenylhydrazones as potential COX-2 inhibitors: a novel, efficient, one pot solid phase synthesis, docking study and pharmacological evaluation. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Exploration of antimicrobial potential of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine scaffold bearing benzenesulfonamide and trifluoromethyl moieties. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Multi-component solvent-free versus stepwise solvent mediated reactions: Regiospecific formation of 6-trifluoromethyl and 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Golubev AS, Starostin GS, Chunikhin KS, Peregudov AS, Rodygin KC, Rubtsova SA, Slepukhin PA, Kuchin AV, Chkanikov ND. Synthesis of new fluorine-containing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinones as promising drug precursors. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Emelina EE, Petrov AA, Selivanov SI, Filyukov DV. α-aminoazoles in synthesis of heterocycles: III. 4-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines: Synthesis and structure. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of bis-pyrazol pyrimidine derivatives via an N-alkylation reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-010-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma PK, Singh K, Kumar S, Kumar P, Dhawan SN, Lal S, Ulbrich H, Dannhardt G. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of some pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee S, Park SB. An efficient one-step synthesis of heterobiaryl pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via indole ring opening. Org Lett 2010; 11:5214-7. [PMID: 19835392 DOI: 10.1021/ol902147u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild one-step synthetic method to access privileged heterobiaryl pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines from indole-3-carboxaldehyde derivatives and a variety of aminopyrazoles has been developed. This novel method constructs heterobiaryls with the wide scope of substrate generality and excellent regioselectivity via indole ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Synthesis and structural characterization of pyrazol-1′-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and its structural analogues as TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tu S, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhu X, Shi F. Design and synthesis of new and significative bifunctional compounds containing two pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine nucleis through multicomponent reaction under microwave irradiation. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Soloshonok VA, Ohkura H, Yasumoto M. Novel sequence of two base-catalyzed 1,3 proton shifts and [1,2] Wittig rearrangement in the synthesis of 2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-6-phenylpyridine. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Soloshonok VA, Ohkura H, Yasumoto M. Unusual condensation of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione with (R)-phenylglycinol. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2006v016n03abeh002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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