Synthesis, spectroscopic, X-ray crystal structure, biological and DNA interaction studies of organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid

Six organotin(IV) carboxylates of the type R2SnL2 [R=CH3 (1), n-C4H9 (2), n-C8H17 (3)] and R3SnL [R=CH3 (4), n-C4H9 (5), C6H5 (6), where L=2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR ((1)H, (13)C). The complex (1) was also analyzed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The complexes were screened for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. The results showed significant activity in each area of the activity with few exceptions. DNA interactions studies of ligand HL and representative complex 2 were investigated by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results showed that both ligand HL and complex 2 interact with SS-DNA via intercalation as well as minor groove binding.

Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities of Bimetallic Complexes of Sarcosine with Zn(II) and Sn(IV)

Heterobimetallic complexes of Zn(II) and Sn(IV) with sarcosine have been synthesized at room temperature under stirring conditions by the reaction of sarcosine and zinc acetate in 2 : 1 molar ratio followed by the stepwise addition of CS₂ and organotin(IV) halides, where R = Me, n-Bu, and Ph. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectroscopy. IR data showed that the ligand acts in a bidentate manner. NMR data revealed the four coordinate geometry in solution state. In vitro antimicrobial activities data showed that complexes (3) and (4) were effective against bacterial and fungal strains with few exceptions.

Diorganotin(IV) derivatives of N-methyl p-fluorobenzo-hydroxamic acid: preparation, spectral characterization, X-ray diffraction studies and antitumor activity

Three diorganotin(IV) complexes of the general formula R₂Sn[RcC(O)N(RN)O] (Rc = aryl, RN = Alkyl) have been synthesized by refluxing in toluene the corresponding diorganotin(IV) oxides with the free ligand N-methyl p-fluorobenzohydroxamic acid, using a Dean and Stark water separator. The ligand was derived from the reaction of the corresponding p-fluorobenzoyl chloride and N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The isolated free ligand and its respective diorganotin compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H-, ¹³C-, ¹¹⁹Sn-NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of the diorganotin complexes have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The investigations carried out on the diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-methyl p-fluorobenzohydroxamic acid confirmed a 1:2 stoichiometry. The complex formation took place through the O,O-coordination via the carbonyl oxygen and subsequent deprotonated hydroxyl group to the tin atom. The crystal structures of three diorganotin complexes were determined and were found to adopt six coordination geometries at the tin centre with coordination to two ligand moieties.

Organotin(IV) complexes of carboxylic acid derivatives

A comprehensive review, >100 references, on organotin(IV) complexes of the carboxylic acid derivatives are presented with special reference to their methods of synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies and their biological activities. The structures of these complexes are discussed on the basis of IR, multinuclear (1H-, 13C- and 119Sn-) NMR.

Synthesis, chemical characterization and biological screening for cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of organotin (IV) derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxy 6-nitrophenylpropenoic acid

A series of mono-, di- and triorganotin compounds with general formulae [RSnL(2)Cl], R = Bu (compound 3), [R(2)SnL(2)], where R = Me, Et, Bu, Oct (compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6) and [R(3)SnL], where R = Bu, Cy and Ph (compounds 5, 7 and 8) and where L = 3,4-methylenedioxy-6-nitrophenylpropenoic acid have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear ((1)H-, (13)C- and (119)Sn-) NMR and mass spectrometry. The ligand and its respective organotin complexes were screened for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay and for antitumor activity using the crown gall tumor inhibition (potato disc) assay. The bioassay results support the conclusion that the biological activities of these synthetic compounds are in the following order: [RSnL(2)Cl] < [R(2)SnL(2)] < [R(3)SnL].

Use of a sample translation technique to minimize adverse effects of laser irradiation in surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has proven to be a very powerful tool in the analysis of a wide range of compounds. However, continuous irradiation of the laser beam over the SERS substrate can promote the gross decomposition of the sample analytes and significantly broaden and diminish the intensities of observed spectral bands. In addition, the incident radiation can promote thermal or photolytic fragmentation of analytes, thereby altering the observable bands and possibly leading to a misinterpretation of analytical data. Finally, chemical or morphological changes in the SERS substrate are possible. This work presents the use of a sample translation technique (STT) as a means to minimize these adverse effects. By spinning the sample rapidly, the effective residence time of analytes and substrate within the irradiated zone is dramatically decreased without reduction of spectral acquisition time or the density of analyte in the zone. The technique is studied by acquiring SERS spectra of Naproxen USP, riboflavin, folic acid, Rhodamine 6G, and 4-aminothiophenol using silver islands on glass and silver-poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite substrates under various spinning and stationary conditions. In all cases, spectra show improvements upon spinning at laser powers as low as 4.2 (+/- 0.1) mW. Specific differences in the appearance of the spectra and the potential use of STT for improved SERS qualitative and quantitative determinations are presented.