Genome Editing Technology: A New Frontier for the Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Over the past two decades, genome-editing technique has proven to be a robust editing method that revolutionizes the field of biomedicine. At the genetic level, it can be efficiently utilized to generate various disease-resistance models to elucidate the mechanism of human diseases. It also develops an outstanding tool and enables the generation of genetically modified organisms for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The versatile and novel CRISPR/Cas9 system mitigates the challenges of various GETs such as ZFNs, and TALENs. For this reason, it has become a ground-breaking technology potentially employed to manipulate the desired gene of interest. Interestingly, this system has been broadly utilized due to its tremendous applications for treating and preventing tumors and various rare disorders; however, its applications for treating CVDs remain in infancy. More recently, two newly developed GETs, such as base editing and prime editing, have further broadened the accuracy range to treat CVDs under consideration. Furthermore, recently emerged CRISPR tools have been potentially applied in vivo and in vitro to treat CVDs. To the best of our knowledge, we strongly enlightened the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system that opened a new window in the field of cardiovascular research and, in detail, discussed the challenges and limitations of CVDs.

Synergetic effect of bismuth vanadate over copolymerized carbon nitride composites for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 and O2 generation

The development of copolymerized carbon nitride (CN)-based photocatalysts may support advances in photocatalytic overall water splitting. However, the recombination of charge carriers is the main bottleneck that reduces its overall photocatalytic activity. To overcome this problem, the construction of heterojunction technology has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the charge carrier recombination, thereby improving charge separation and transport efficiency. In this work, an innovative heterojunction was prepared between Quinolinic acid (QA) modified CN (CN-QA_x) and novel nanorod-shaped bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) (BiVO₄/CN-QA_x) for overall water splitting through a simple in-situ solvent evaporation technique. The obtained results show that the synthesized samples have efficient and improved activities for releasing H₂ (862.1 μmol/h) and O₂ (31.58 μmol/h) under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an exceptional apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 64.52 % has been recorded for BiVO₄/CN-QA_7.0 at 420 nm, which might be due to the substantial isolation of photoinducedcharge carriers. Therefore, this work opens up a new channel toward efficient CN-based photocatalysts in the sustainable energy production processes.

Nanostructured 3D-porous graphene hydrogel based Ti/Sb-SnO2-Gr electrode with enhanced electrocatalytic activity

Nanostructured highly porous 3D-Ti/Sb-SnO₂-Gr electrode, based on 3D porous graphene hydrogel was fabricated via a fast-evaporation technique through layer by layer (LBL) deposition. The 3D pores are uniformly distributed on the high fidelity of substrate with pore sizes of 7-12 nm, as confirmed by SEM analysis. Compared to Ti/Sb-SnO₂ electrode, the fabricated 3D porous electrode possesses high oxygen evolution potential (2.40 V), smaller charge transfer resistance (29.40 Ω cm^-2), higher porosity (0.90), enhanced roughness factor (181), and larger voltammetric charge value (57.4 mC cm^-2). Electrocatalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the fabricated 3D-Ti/Sb-SnO₂-Gr anode. The results show that the electrochemical reaction follows pseudo first order kinetics with rate constant (k) value of 4.93 × 10^-2 min^-1, which is about 3.91 times higher compared to flat Ti/Sb-SnO₂. The fabricated electrode demonstrates better stability and low specific energy consumption signifying its potential usage in electrocatalysis.

Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Sn-Doped ZnO Microstructures via Hydrothermal Method

Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and Sn-doped ZnO hexagonal sheets were synthesized by template free hydrothermal growth mechanism with controlled morphology by using zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂· 2H₂O), tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄ · 5H₂O), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and H₂O as precursors. The structural, physical, chemical, and magnetic characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM), respectively. The average crystalline size of hexagonal phase of ZnO sheets was calculated to be about 34 nm from XRD patterns. Energy dispersive spectroscopy provided the compositional analysis of pure and Sn-doped ZnO. Room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was observed by AGM for pure and Sn-doped ZnO hexagonal plates. RTFM increases monotonically for Sn doping and reaches maximum saturation magnetization 0.045 emu/g for 3% Sn-doped ZnO.

Controlled fabrication of hierarchically porous Ti/Sb–SnO2anode from honeycomb to network structure with high electrocatalytic activity

Hierarchically porous Ti/Sb–SnO₂-honeycomb and Ti/Sb–SnO₂-network anodes with high porosity, efficient electroactive sites, enlarged surface area are facilely fabricated.