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Binnersley C, Ashley S, Chard P, Lansdell A, O'Brien G, Shaughnessy P, Joyce M. Quantifying water in spent fuel assemblies with neutrons: A simulation-based approach. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Portu A, Rossini AE, Thorp SI, Curotto P, Pozzi ECC, Granell P, Golmar F, Cabrini RL, Martin GS. Simultaneous Observation of Cells and Nuclear Tracks from the Boron Neutron Capture Reaction by UV-C Sensitization of Polycarbonate. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:796-804. [PMID: 26155721 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of boron in tissue samples coming from boron neutron capture therapy protocols can be determined through the analysis of its autoradiography image on a nuclear track detector. A more precise knowledge of boron atom location on the microscopic scale can be attained by the observation of nuclear tracks superimposed on the sample image on the detector. A method to produce an "imprint" of cells cultivated on a polycarbonate detector was developed, based on the photodegradation properties of UV-C radiation on this material. Optimal conditions to generate an appropriate monolayer of Mel-J cells incubated with boronophenylalanine were found. The best images of both cells and nuclear tracks were obtained for a neutron fluence of 1013 cm-2, 6 h UV-C (254 nm) exposure, and 4 min etching time with a KOH solution. The imprint morphology was analyzed by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Similar samples, exposed to UV-A (360 nm) revealed no cellular imprinting. Etch pits were present only inside the cell imprints, indicating a preferential boron uptake (about threefold the incubation concentration). Comparative studies of boron absorption in different cell lines and in vitro evaluation of the effect of diverse boron compounds are feasible with this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Portu
- 1Department of Radiobiology,National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA),Av. General Paz 1499,B1650KNA,San Martín,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Andrés Eugenio Rossini
- 3Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN),Libertador 8250,C1429BNP,Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Thorp
- 4Department of Instrumentation and Control,CNEA,Presbítero Juan González Aragón,B1802AYA,Ezeiza,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- 5Department of Research and Production Reactors,CNEA,Presbítero Juan González Aragón,B1802AYA,Ezeiza,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Emiliano César Cayetano Pozzi
- 5Department of Research and Production Reactors,CNEA,Presbítero Juan González Aragón,B1802AYA,Ezeiza,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Pablo Granell
- 6Micro and Nanotechnology Centre of the Bicentennial (CNMB),National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI),Av. Gral. Paz 5445,Ed. 42,B1650JKA,San Martín,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Federico Golmar
- 2National Research Council (CONICET),Av. Rivadavia 1917,C1033AAJ,Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Rómulo Luis Cabrini
- 1Department of Radiobiology,National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA),Av. General Paz 1499,B1650KNA,San Martín,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Gisela Saint Martin
- 1Department of Radiobiology,National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA),Av. General Paz 1499,B1650KNA,San Martín,Buenos Aires,Argentina
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Delaune A, Cabin-Flaman A, Legent G, Gibouin D, Smet-Nocca C, Lefebvre F, Benecke A, Vasse M, Ripoll C. 50nm-scale localization of single unmodified, isotopically enriched, proteins in cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56559. [PMID: 23431383 PMCID: PMC3576336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging single proteins within cells is challenging if the possibility of artefacts due to tagging or to recognition by antibodies is to be avoided. It is generally believed that the biological properties of proteins remain unaltered when 14N isotopes are replaced with 15N. 15N-enriched proteins can be localised by dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (D-SIMS). We describe here a novel imaging analysis algorithm to detect a few 15N-enriched proteins - and even a single protein - within a cell using D-SIMS. The algorithm distinguishes statistically between a low local increase in 15N isotopic fraction due to an enriched protein and a stochastic increase due to the background. To determine the number of enriched proteins responsible for the increase in the isotopic fraction, we use sequential D-SIMS images in which we compare the measured isotopic fractions to those expected if 1, 2 or more enriched proteins are present. The number of enriched proteins is the one that gives the best fit between the measured and the expected values. We used our method to localise 15N-enriched thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) proteins delivered to COS-7 cells. We show that both a single TDG and a single RXRα can be detected. After 4 h incubation, both proteins were found mainly in the nucleus; RXRα as a monomer or dimer and TDG only as a monomer. After 7 h, RXRα was found in the nucleus as a monomer, dimer or tetramer, whilst TDG was no longer in the nucleus and instead formed clusters in the cytoplasm. After 24 h, RXRα formed clusters in the cytoplasm, and TDG was no longer detectable. In conclusion, single unmodified proteins in cells can be counted and localised with 50 nm resolution by combining D-SIMS with our method of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Delaune
- Laboratoire MERCI EA3829, équipe AMMIS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
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Wittig A, Michel J, Moss RL, Stecher-Rasmussen F, Arlinghaus HF, Bendel P, Mauri PL, Altieri S, Hilger R, Salvadori PA, Menichetti L, Zamenhof R, Sauerwein WAG. Boron analysis and boron imaging in biological materials for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 68:66-90. [PMID: 18439836 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is based on the ability of the stable isotope 10B to capture neutrons, which leads to a nuclear reaction producing an alpha- and a 7Li-particle, both having a high biological effectiveness and a very short range in tissue, being limited to approximately one cell diameter. This opens the possibility for a highly selective cancer therapy. BNCT strongly depends on the selective uptake of 10B in tumor cells and on its distribution inside the cells. The chemical properties of boron and the need to discriminate different isotopes make the investigation of the concentration and distribution of 10B a challenging task. The most advanced techniques to measure and image boron are described, both invasive and non-invasive. The most promising approach for further investigation will be the complementary use of the different techniques to obtain the information that is mandatory for the future of this innovative treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wittig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Wittendorp-Rechenmann E, Lam CD, Steibel J, Lasbennes F, Nehlig A. HIGH RESOLUTION TRACER TARGETING COMBINING MICROAUTORADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING BY CELLULAR14C-TRAJECTOGRAPHY WITH IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: A NOVEL PROTOCOL TO DEMONSTRATE METABOLISM OF [14C]2-DEOXYGLUCOSE BY NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/tma-120015612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thellier M, Chevallier A, His I, Jarvis MC, Lovell MA, Ripoll C, Robertson D, Sauerwein W, Verdus MC. METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL BORON AND TO BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/tma-100107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tafforeau M, Verdus MC, Norris V, Ripoll C, Thellier M. Memory processes in the response of plants to environmental signals. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2006; 1:9-14. [PMID: 19521470 PMCID: PMC2633694 DOI: 10.4161/psb.1.1.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sensitive to stimuli from the environment (e.g., wind, rain, contact, pricking, wounding). They usually respond to such stimuli by metabolic or morphogenetic changes. Sometimes the information corresponding to a stimulus may be "stored" in the plant where it remains inactive until a second stimulus "recalls" this information and finally allows it to take effect. Two experimental systems have proved especially useful in unravelling the main features of these memory-like processes.In the system based on Bidens seedlings, an asymmetrical treatment (e.g., pricking, or gently rubbing one of the seedling cotyledons) causes the cotyledonary buds to grow asymmetrically after release of apical dominance by decapitation of the seedlings. This information may be stored within the seedlings, without taking effect, for at least two weeks; then the information may be recalled by subjecting the seedlings to a second, appropriate, treatment that permits transduction of the signal into the final response (differential growth of the buds). Whilst storage is an irreversible, all-or-nothing process, recall is sensitive to a number of factors, including the intensity of these factors, and can readily be enabled or disabled. In consequence, it is possible to recall the stored message several times successively.In the system based on flax seedlings, stimulation such as manipulation stimulus, drought, wind, cold shock and radiation from a GSM telephone or from a 105 GHz Gunn oscillator, has no apparent effect. If, however, the seedlings are subjected at the same time to transient calcium depletion, numerous epidermal meristems form in their hypocotyls. When the calcium depletion treatment is applied a few days after the mechanical treatment, the time taken for the meristems to appear is increased by a number of days exactly equal to that between the application of the mechanical treatment and the beginning of the calcium depletion treatment. This means that a meristem-production information corresponding to the stimulation treatment has been stored in the plants, without any apparent effect, until the calcium depletion treatment recalls this information to allow it to take effect. Gel electrophoresis has shown that a few protein spots are changed (pI shift, appearance or disappearance of a spot) as a consequence of the application of the treatments that store or recall a meristem-production signal in flax seedlings. A SIMS investigation has revealed that the pI shift of one of these spots is probably due to protein phosphorylation. Modifications of the proteome have also been observed in Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to stimuli such as cold shock or radiation from a GSM telephone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tafforeau
- Laboratoire AMMIS (Assemblages Moléculaires, Modélisation et Imagerie SIMS); FRE CNRS 2829; Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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Thellier M, Vincent JC, Alexandre S, Lassalles JP, Deschrevel B, Norris V, Ripoll C. Biological processes in organised media. C R Biol 2003; 326:149-59. [PMID: 12754934 DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embedding a simple Michaelis-Menten enzyme in a gel slice may allow the catalysis of not only scalar processes but also vectorial ones, including uphill transport of a substrate between two compartments, and may make it seem as if two enzymes or transporters are present or as if an allosterically controlled enzyme/transporter is operating. The values of kinetic parameters of an enzyme in a partially hydrophobic environment are usually different from those actually measured in a homogeneous aqueous solution. This implies that fitting kinetic data (expressed in reciprocal co-ordinates) from in vivo studies of enzymes or transporters to two straight lines or a sigmoidal curve does not prove the existence of two different membrane mechanisms or allosteric control. In the artificial transport systems described here, a functional asymmetry was sufficient to induce uphill transport, therefore, although the active transport systems characterised so far correspond to proteins asymmetrically anchored in a membrane, the past or present existence of structurally symmetrical systems of transport in vivo cannot be excluded. The fact that oscillations can be induced in studies of the maintenance of the electrical potential of frog skin by addition of lithium allowed evaluation of several parameters fundamental to the functioning of the system in vivo (e.g., relative volumes of internal compartments, characteristic times of ionic exchanges between compartments). Hence, under conditions that approach real biological complexity, increasing the complexity of the behaviour of the system may provide information that cannot be obtained by a conventional, reductionist approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Thellier
- Laboratoire des Processus intégratifs cellulaires, faculté des sciences, université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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Uzun Karatepe A, Soylak M, Elci L. Separation/Preconcentration of Copper, Lead, and Iron in Natural Water Samples on Chromosorb-105 Resin Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determinations. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120018800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jbir N, Chaïbi W, Ammar S, Jemmali A, Ayadi A. Root growth and lignification of two wheat species differing in their sensitivity to NaCl, in response to salt stress. COMPTES RENDUS DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. SERIE III, SCIENCES DE LA VIE 2001; 324:863-8. [PMID: 11558333 DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(01)01355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of a 100-mM NaCl salt stress to wheat seedlings of a salt-tolerant (Triticum durum var. Ben Béchir) and a salt-sensitive (Triticum aestivum var. Tanit) species decreases the fresh and dry weights of roots especially in the salt-sensitive species, and slightly increases the ratio of dry to fresh weight, especially in the salt-resistant species. All peroxidase activities are increased by salt stress, the water-soluble peroxidase activity being increased much more in the salt-sensitive than in the salt-tolerant species, while the opposite result is observed with the cell-wall peroxidase activity. Some water-soluble peroxidases have been hypothesised to have auxin oxidase activity (which might explain the effect observed on the root biomass), while the cell-wall peroxidases would be involved in lignification. Histochemical observation confirms a more intense lignification in the root cells of the salt-tolerant species compared to the sensitive species, under the effect of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jbir
- Laboratoire de physiologie végétale, département de biologie, faculté des sciences de Tunis, campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisie.
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Jbir N, Ammar S, Chaïbi W, Ayadi A. PAL ACTIVITY AND IONIC CONTENTS OF TWO WHEAT SPECIES DIFFERING IN THEIR SENSITIVITY TO NaCl, IN RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS (CASE REPORT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/tma-100105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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