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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Nuclear Envelope Proteins in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2024; 102:e209202. [PMID: 38330281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
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2
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Wang SY, Xiang QM, Zhu JQ, Mu CK, Wang CL, Hou CC. The Functions of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in Spermatogenesis of Portunus trituberculatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:112. [PMID: 38203284 PMCID: PMC10778907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Dynein is a multiple-subunit macromolecular motor protein involved in the transport process of cells. The Dynein intermediate chain (DIC) is one of the subunits of Dynein-1. In our previous studies, we showed that Pt-DIC may play an important role in the nuclear deformation of spermiogenesis in Portunus trituberculatus. Lamin B is essential for maintaining nuclear structure and functions. Surprisingly, Pt-Lamin B was expressed not only in the perinucleus but also in the pro-acrosome during spermiogenesis in P. trituberculatus. Studies have also shown that Dynein-1 can mediate the transport of Lamin B in mammals. Thus, to study the relationship of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, we knocked down the Pt-DIC gene in P. trituberculatus by RNAi. The results showed that the distribution of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in spermiogenesis was abnormal, and the colocalization was weakened. Moreover, we verified the interaction of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B via coimmunoprecipitation. Therefore, our results suggested that both Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B were involved in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, and one of the functions of Dynein-1 is to mediate the transport of Lamin B in the spermiogenesis of P. trituberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cong-Cong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.-Y.W.); (Q.-M.X.); (J.-Q.Z.); (C.-K.M.); (C.-L.W.)
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3
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Rastegarpouyani H, Chase PB, Irianto J, Pinto JR. Nucleus Mechanosensing in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13341. [PMID: 37686151 PMCID: PMC10487505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is distinct from the contraction of other muscle types. The heart continuously undergoes contraction-relaxation cycles throughout an animal's lifespan. It must respond to constantly varying physical and energetic burdens over the short term on a beat-to-beat basis and relies on different mechanisms over the long term. Muscle contractility is based on actin and myosin interactions that are regulated by cytoplasmic calcium ions. Genetic variants of sarcomeric proteins can lead to the pathophysiological development of cardiac dysfunction. The sarcomere is physically connected to other cytoskeletal components. Actin filaments, microtubules and desmin proteins are responsible for these interactions. Therefore, mechanical as well as biochemical signals from sarcomeric contractions are transmitted to and sensed by other parts of the cardiomyocyte, particularly the nucleus which can respond to these stimuli. Proteins anchored to the nuclear envelope display a broad response which remodels the structure of the nucleus. In this review, we examine the central aspects of mechanotransduction in the cardiomyocyte where the transmission of mechanical signals to the nucleus can result in changes in gene expression and nucleus morphology. The correlation of nucleus sensing and dysfunction of sarcomeric proteins may assist the understanding of a wide range of functional responses in the progress of cardiomyopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Prescott Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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4
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Kliszczak M, Moralli D, Jankowska JD, Bryjka P, Subha Meem L, Goncalves T, Hester SS, Fischer R, Clynes D, Green CM. Loss of FAM111B protease mutated in hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma negatively regulates telomere length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175069. [PMID: 37342232 PMCID: PMC10277729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP) is a rare human dominant negative disorder caused by mutations in the FAM111B gene that encodes a nuclear trypsin-like serine protease. HFP patients present with symptoms including skin abnormalities, tendon contractures, myopathy and lung fibrosis. We characterized the cellular roles of human FAM111B using U2OS and MCF7 cell lines and report here that the protease interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex. Loss of FAM111B expression resulted in abnormal nuclear shape and reduced telomeric DNA content suggesting that FAM111B protease is required for normal telomere length; we show that this function is independent of telomerase or recombination driven telomere extension. Even though FAM111B-deficient cells were proficient in DNA repair, they showed hallmarks of genomic instability such as increased levels of micronuclei and ultra-fine DNA bridges. When mutated as in HFP, FAM111B was more frequently localized to the nuclear envelope, suggesting that accumulation of the mutated protease at the nuclear periphery may drive the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia D. Jankowska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Bryjka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Subha Meem
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Goncalves
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Clynes
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M. Green
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The Nuclear Envelope as a Regulator of Immune Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840069. [PMID: 35757775 PMCID: PMC9226455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of the nuclear envelope (NE) was that it represented a relatively inert physical barrier within the cell, whose main purpose was to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, recent research suggests that this is far from the case, with new and important cellular functions being attributed to this organelle. In this review we describe research suggesting an important contribution of the NE and its constituents in regulating the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the standout properties of immune cells is their ability to migrate around the body, allowing them to carry out their physiological/pathophysiology cellular role at the appropriate location. This together with the physiological role of the tissue, changes in tissue matrix composition due to disease and aging, and the activation status of the immune cell, all result in immune cells being subjected to different mechanical forces. We report research which suggests that the NE may be an important sensor/transducer of these mechanical signals and propose that the NE is an integrator of both mechanical and chemical signals, allowing the cells of the innate immune system to precisely regulate gene transcription and functionality. By presenting this overview we hope to stimulate the interests of researchers into this often-overlooked organelle and propose it should join the ranks of mitochondria and phagosome, which are important organelles contributing to immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selezneva
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Graziano S, Coll-Bonfill N, Teodoro-Castro B, Kuppa S, Jackson J, Shashkova E, Mahajan U, Vindigni A, Antony E, Gonzalo S. Lamin A/C recruits ssDNA protective proteins RPA and RAD51 to stalled replication forks to maintain fork stability. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101301. [PMID: 34648766 PMCID: PMC8571089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C provides a nuclear scaffold for compartmentalization of genome function that is important for genome integrity. Lamin A/C dysfunction is associated with cancer, aging, and degenerative diseases. The mechanisms whereby lamin A/C regulates genome stability remain poorly understood. We demonstrate a crucial role for lamin A/C in DNA replication. Lamin A/C binds to nascent DNA, especially during replication stress (RS), ensuring the recruitment of replication fork protective factors RPA and RAD51. These ssDNA-binding proteins, considered the first and second responders to RS respectively, function in the stabilization, remodeling, and repair of the stalled fork to ensure proper restart and genome stability. Reduced recruitment of RPA and RAD51 upon lamin A/C depletion elicits replication fork instability (RFI) characterized by MRE11 nuclease–mediated degradation of nascent DNA, RS-induced DNA damage, and sensitivity to replication inhibitors. Importantly, unlike homologous recombination–deficient cells, RFI in lamin A/C-depleted cells is not linked to replication fork reversal. Thus, the point of entry of nucleases is not the reversed fork but regions of ssDNA generated during RS that are not protected by RPA and RAD51. Consistently, RFI in lamin A/C-depleted cells is rescued by exogenous overexpression of RPA or RAD51. These data unveil involvement of structural nuclear proteins in the protection of ssDNA from nucleases during RS by promoting recruitment of RPA and RAD51 to stalled forks. Supporting this model, we show physical interaction between RPA and lamin A/C. We suggest that RS is a major source of genomic instability in laminopathies and lamin A/C-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Barbara Teodoro-Castro
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sahiti Kuppa
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Shashkova
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Urvashi Mahajan
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Edwin Antony
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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7
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Faria JRC. A nuclear enterprise: zooming in on nuclear organization and gene expression control in the African trypanosome. Parasitology 2021; 148:1237-1253. [PMID: 33407981 PMCID: PMC8311968 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
African trypanosomes are early divergent protozoan parasites responsible for high mortality and morbidity as well as a great economic burden among the world's poorest populations. Trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation in their mammalian hosts, a highly sophisticated immune evasion mechanism. Their nuclear organization and mechanisms for gene expression control present several conventional features but also a number of striking differences to the mammalian counterparts. Some of these unorthodox characteristics, such as lack of controlled transcription initiation or enhancer sequences, render their monogenic antigen transcription, which is critical for successful antigenic variation, even more enigmatic. Recent technological developments have advanced our understanding of nuclear organization and gene expression control in trypanosomes, opening novel research avenues. This review is focused on Trypanosoma brucei nuclear organization and how it impacts gene expression, with an emphasis on antigen expression. It highlights several dedicated sub-nuclear bodies that compartmentalize specific functions, whilst outlining similarities and differences to more complex eukaryotes. Notably, understanding the mechanisms underpinning antigen as well as general gene expression control is of great importance, as it might help designing effective control strategies against these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. C. Faria
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DundeeDD1 5EH, UK
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8
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The Cytoskeleton and Its Roles in Self-Organization Phenomena: Insights from Xenopus Egg Extracts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092197. [PMID: 34571847 PMCID: PMC8465277 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, Xenopus laevis, have flourished as a major experimental system to study the various facets of cytoskeleton-dependent self-organization. Over the years, the many investigations that have used these extracts uniquely benefited from their simplified cell cycle, large experimental volumes, biochemical tractability and cell-free nature. Here, we review the contributions of egg extracts to our understanding of the cytoplasmic aspects of self-organization by the microtubule and the actomyosin cytoskeletons as well as the importance of cytoskeletal filaments in organizing nuclear structure and function.
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9
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Gauthier BR, Comaills V. Nuclear Envelope Integrity in Health and Disease: Consequences on Genome Instability and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147281. [PMID: 34298904 PMCID: PMC8307504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope (NE) is often underestimated. The NE protects, regulates, and organizes the eukaryote genome and adapts to epigenetic changes and to its environment. The NE morphology is characterized by a wide range of diversity and abnormality such as invagination and blebbing, and it is a diagnostic factor for pathologies such as cancer. Recently, the micronuclei, a small nucleus that contains a full chromosome or a fragment thereof, has gained much attention. The NE of micronuclei is prone to collapse, leading to DNA release into the cytoplasm with consequences ranging from the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, an innate immune response, to the creation of chromosomal instability. The discovery of those mechanisms has revolutionized the understanding of some inflammation-related diseases and the origin of complex chromosomal rearrangements, as observed during the initiation of tumorigenesis. Herein, we will highlight the complexity of the NE biology and discuss the clinical symptoms observed in NE-related diseases. The interplay between innate immunity, genomic instability, and nuclear envelope leakage could be a major focus in future years to explain a wide range of diseases and could lead to new classes of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.G.); (V.C.)
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10
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Kychygina A, Dall'Osto M, Allen JAM, Cadoret JC, Piras V, Pickett HA, Crabbe L. Progerin impairs 3D genome organization and induces fragile telomeres by limiting the dNTP pools. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13195. [PMID: 34162976 PMCID: PMC8222272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization within the nuclear volume is essential to regulate many aspects of its function and to safeguard its integrity. A key player in this spatial scattering of chromosomes is the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE tethers large chromatin domains through interaction with the nuclear lamina and other associated proteins. This organization is perturbed in cells from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Here, we show that HGPS-related lamina defects trigger an altered 3D telomere organization with increased contact sites between telomeres and the nuclear lamina, and an altered telomeric chromatin state. The genome-wide replication timing signature of these cells is perturbed, with a shift to earlier replication for regions that normally replicate late. As a consequence, we detected a higher density of replication forks traveling simultaneously on DNA fibers, which relies on limiting cellular dNTP pools to support processive DNA synthesis. Remarkably, increasing dNTP levels in HGPS cells rescued fragile telomeres, and improved the replicative capacity of the cells. Our work highlights a functional connection between NE dysfunction and telomere homeostasis in the context of premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kychygina
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, UT3, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Dall'Osto
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Joshua A M Allen
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Piras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Laure Crabbe
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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11
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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12
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Wintner O, Hirsch‐Attas N, Schlossberg M, Brofman F, Friedman R, Kupervaser M, Kitsberg D, Buxboim A. A Unified Linear Viscoelastic Model of the Cell Nucleus Defines the Mechanical Contributions of Lamins and Chromatin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901222. [PMID: 32328409 PMCID: PMC7175345 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell nucleus is constantly subjected to externally applied forces. During metazoan evolution, the nucleus has been optimized to allow physical deformability while protecting the genome under load. Aberrant nucleus mechanics can alter cell migration across narrow spaces in cancer metastasis and immune response and disrupt nucleus mechanosensitivity. Uncovering the mechanical roles of lamins and chromatin is imperative for understanding the implications of physiological forces on cells and nuclei. Lamin-knockout and -rescue fibroblasts and probed nucleus response to physiologically relevant stresses are generated. A minimal viscoelastic model is presented that captures dynamic resistance across different cell types, lamin composition, phosphorylation states, and chromatin condensation. The model is conserved at low and high loading and is validated by micropipette aspiration and nanoindentation rheology. A time scale emerges that separates between dominantly elastic and dominantly viscous regimes. While lamin-A and lamin-B1 contribute to nucleus stiffness, viscosity is specified mostly by lamin-A. Elastic and viscous association of lamin-B1 and lamin-A is supported by transcriptional and proteomic profiling analyses. Chromatin decondensation quantified by electron microscopy softens the nucleus unless lamin-A is expressed. A mechanical framework is provided for assessing nucleus response to applied forces in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Wintner
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- Alexander Grass Center for BioengineeringThe Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalem9190416Israel
| | - Nivi Hirsch‐Attas
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Miriam Schlossberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Fani Brofman
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Roy Friedman
- Alexander Grass Center for BioengineeringThe Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalem9190416Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- The de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Danny Kitsberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Amnon Buxboim
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyThe Alexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- Alexander Grass Center for BioengineeringThe Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalem9190416Israel
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13
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Gil L, Niño SA, Chi-Ahumada E, Rodríguez-Leyva I, Guerrero C, Rebolledo AB, Arias JA, Jiménez-Capdeville ME. Perinuclear Lamin A and Nucleoplasmic Lamin B2 Characterize Two Types of Hippocampal Neurons through Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1841. [PMID: 32155994 PMCID: PMC7084765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports point to a nuclear origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aged postmitotic neurons try to repair their damaged DNA by entering the cell cycle. This aberrant cell cycle re-entry involves chromatin modifications where nuclear Tau and the nuclear lamin are involved. The purpose of this work was to elucidate their participation in the nuclear pathological transformation of neurons at early AD. METHODOLOGY The study was performed in hippocampal paraffin embedded sections of adult, senile, and AD brains at I-VI Braak stages. We analyzed phospho-Tau, lamins A, B1, B2, and C, nucleophosmin (B23) and the epigenetic marker H4K20me3 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Two neuronal populations were found across AD stages, one is characterized by a significant increase of Lamin A expression, reinforced perinuclear Lamin B2, elevated expression of H4K20me3 and nuclear Tau loss, while neurons with nucleoplasmic Lamin B2 constitute a second population. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal cell cycle reentry in early AD implies a fundamental neuronal transformation. This implies the reorganization of the nucleo-cytoskeleton through the expression of the highly regulated Lamin A, heterochromatin repression and building of toxic neuronal tangles. This work demonstrates that nuclear Tau and lamin modifications in hippocampal neurons are crucial events in age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gil
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad “Alfonso X el Sabio”, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.)
| | - Sandra A. Niño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Erika Chi-Ahumada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Guerrero
- Banco de cerebros (Biobanco), Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Rebolledo
- Banco de cerebros (Biobanco), Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Arias
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad “Alfonso X el Sabio”, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.)
| | - María E. Jiménez-Capdeville
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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14
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Graziano S, Kreienkamp R, Coll-Bonfill N, Gonzalo S. Causes and consequences of genomic instability in laminopathies: Replication stress and interferon response. Nucleus 2019; 9:258-275. [PMID: 29637811 PMCID: PMC5973265 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1454168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian nuclei are equipped with a framework of intermediate filaments that function as a karyoskeleton. This nuclear scaffold, formed primarily by lamins (A-type and B-type), maintains the spatial and functional organization of the genome and of sub-nuclear compartments. Over the past decade, a body of evidence has highlighted the significance of these structural nuclear proteins in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and mechanical stability, as well as genome function and integrity. The importance of these structures is now unquestioned given the wide range of degenerative diseases that stem from LMNA gene mutations, including muscular dystrophy disorders, peripheral neuropathies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging syndromes. Here, we review our knowledge about how alterations in nuclear lamins, either by mutation or reduced expression, impact cellular mechanisms that maintain genome integrity. Despite the fact that DNA replication is the major source of DNA damage and genomic instability in dividing cells, how alterations in lamins function impact replication remains minimally explored. We summarize recent studies showing that lamins play a role in DNA replication, and that the DNA damage that accumulates upon lamins dysfunction is elicited in part by deprotection of replication forks. We also discuss the emerging model that DNA damage and replication stress are “sensed” at the cytoplasm by proteins that normally survey this space in search of foreign nucleic acids. In turn, these cytosolic sensors activate innate immune responses, which are materializing as important players in aging and cancer, as well as in the response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Ray Kreienkamp
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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15
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Genomic instability and innate immune responses to self-DNA in progeria. GeroScience 2019; 41:255-266. [PMID: 31280482 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, we have seen increasing evidence of the importance of structural nuclear proteins such as lamins in nuclear architecture and compartmentalization of genome function and in the maintenance of mechanical stability and genome integrity. With over 400 mutations identified in the LMNA gene (encoding for A-type lamins) associated with more than ten distinct degenerative disorders, the role of lamins as genome caretakers and the contribution of lamins dysfunction to disease are unarguable. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby lamins mutations cause pathologies remain less understood. Here, we review pathways and mechanisms recently identified as playing a role in the pathophysiology of laminopathies, with special emphasis in Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating incurable accelerated aging disease is caused by a silent mutation in the LMNA gene that generates a truncated lamin A protein "progerin" that exerts profound cellular toxicity and organismal decline. Patients usually die in their teens due to cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke. To date, there are no efficient therapies that ameliorate disease progression, stressing the need to understand molecularly disease mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically. We will summarize data supporting that replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability in laminopathies, which contributes to the activation of innate immune responses to self-DNA that in turn accelerate the aging process.
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16
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Kreienkamp R, Gonzalo S. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Challenges at Bench and Bedside. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:435-451. [PMID: 30888661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural nuclear proteins known as "lamins" (A-type and B-type) provide a scaffold for the compartmentalization of genome function that is important to maintain genome stability. Mutations in the LMNA gene -encoding for A-type lamins- are associated with over a dozen of degenerative disorders termed laminopathies, which include muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, neuropathies, and premature ageing diseases such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating disease is caused by the expression of a truncated lamin A protein named "progerin". To date, there is no effective treatment for HGPS patients, who die in their teens from cardiovascular disease. At a cellular level, progerin expression impacts nuclear architecture, chromatin organization, response to mechanical stress, and DNA transactions such as transcription, replication and repair. However, the current view is that key mechanisms behind progerin toxicity still remain to be discovered. Here, we discuss new findings about pathological mechanisms in HGPS, especially the contribution of replication stress to cellular decline, and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate progerin toxicity. In particular, we present evidence for retinoids and calcitriol (hormonal vitamin D metabolite) being among the most potent compounds to ameliorate HGPS cellular phenotypes in vitro, providing the rationale for testing these compounds in preclinical models of the disease in the near term, and in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Alvarado-Kristensson M, Rosselló CA. The Biology of the Nuclear Envelope and Its Implications in Cancer Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2586. [PMID: 31137762 PMCID: PMC6566445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent compartmentalization of the genome is a defining feature of eukaryotes. Traditionally, the nuclear envelope was purely viewed as a physical barrier to preserve genetic material in eukaryotic cells. However, in the last few decades, it has been revealed to be a critical cellular component in controlling gene expression and has been implicated in several human diseases. In cancer, the relevance of the cell nucleus was first reported in the mid-1800s when an altered nuclear morphology was observed in tumor cells. This review aims to give a current and comprehensive view of the role of the nuclear envelope on cancer first by recapitulating the changes of the nuclear envelope during cell division, second, by reviewing the role of the nuclear envelope in cell cycle regulation, signaling, and the regulation of the genome, and finally, by addressing the nuclear envelope link to cell migration and metastasis and its use in cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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18
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Kinesin-14 motor protein KIFC1 participates in DNA synthesis and chromatin maintenance. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:402. [PMID: 31127080 PMCID: PMC6534603 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear localization signal (NLS) in kinesin-14 KIFC1 is associated with nuclear importins and Ran gradient, but detailed mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that KIFC1 proteins have specific transport characteristics during cell cycle. In the absence of KIFC1, cell cycle kinetics decrease significantly with a prolonged S phase. After KIFC1 overexpression, the duration of S phase becomes shorten. KIFC1 may transport the recombinant/replicate-related proteins into the nucleus, meanwhile avoiding excessive KIFC1 in the cytoplasm, which results in aberrant microtubule bundling. Interestingly, the deletion of kifc1 in human cells results in a higher ratio of aberrant nuclear membrane, and the degradation of lamin B and lamin A/C. We also found that kifc1 deletion leads to defects in metaphase mitotic spindle assembly, and then results in chromosome structural abnormality. The kifc1-/- cells finally form micronuclei in daughter cells, and results in aneuploidy and chromosome loss in cell cycle. In this study, we demonstrate that kinesin-14 KIFC1 proteins involve in regulating DNA synthesis in S phase, and chromatin maintenance in mitosis, and maintain cell growth in a nuclear transport-independent way.
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19
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Sui T, Liu D, Liu T, Deng J, Chen M, Xu Y, Song Y, Ouyang H, Lai L, Li Z. LMNA-mutated Rabbits: A Model of Premature Aging Syndrome with Muscular Dystrophy and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Aging Dis 2019; 10:102-115. [PMID: 30705772 PMCID: PMC6345340 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging syndromes are rare genetic disorders mimicking clinical and molecular features of aging. Products of the LMNA gene, primarily lamin A and C, are major components of the nuclear lamina. A recently identified group of premature aging syndromes was related to mutations of the LMNA gene. Although LMNA disorders have been identified in premature aging syndromes, affect specifically the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and lipodystrophy, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Here, to establish a rabbit knockout (KO) model of premature aging syndromes, we performed precise LMNA targeting in rabbits via co-injection of Cas9/sgRNA mRNA into zygotes. The LMNA-KO rabbits exhibited reduced locomotion activity with abnormal stiff walking posture and a shortened stature, all of them died within 22 days. In addition, cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, bone and joint abnormalities, as well as lipodystrophy were observed in LMNA-KO rabbits. In conclusion, the novel rabbit LMNA-KO model, displayed typical features of histopathological defects that are observed in premature aging syndromes, and may be utilized as a valuable resource for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of premature aging syndromes and elucidating mysteries of the normal process of aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sui
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Di Liu
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jichao Deng
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mao Chen
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.,2Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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20
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Manley HR, Keightley MC, Lieschke GJ. The Neutrophil Nucleus: An Important Influence on Neutrophil Migration and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2867. [PMID: 30564248 PMCID: PMC6288403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil nuclear morphology has historically been used in haematology for neutrophil identification and characterisation, but its exact role in neutrophil function has remained enigmatic. During maturation, segmentation of the neutrophil nucleus into its mature, multi-lobulated shape is accompanied by distinct changes in nuclear envelope composition, resulting in a unique nucleus that is believed to be imbued with extraordinary nuclear flexibility. As a rate-limiting factor for cell migration, nuclear morphology and biomechanics are particularly important in the context of neutrophil migration during immune responses. Being an extremely plastic and fast migrating cell type, it is to be expected that neutrophils have an especially deformable nucleus. However, many questions still surround the dynamic capacities of the neutrophil nucleus, and which nuclear and cytoskeletal elements determine these dynamics. The biomechanics of the neutrophil nucleus should also be considered for their influences on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), given this process sees the release of chromatin "nets" from nucleoplasm to extracellular space. Although past studies have investigated neutrophil nuclear composition and shape, in a new era of more sophisticated biomechanical and genetic techniques, 3D migration studies, and higher resolution microscopy we now have the ability to further investigate and understand neutrophil nuclear plasticity at an unprecedented level. This review addresses what is currently understood about neutrophil nuclear structure and its role in migration and the release of NETs, whilst highlighting open questions surrounding neutrophil nuclear dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R Manley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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21
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Barton LJ, Duan T, Ke W, Luttinger A, Lovander KE, Soshnev AA, Geyer PK. Nuclear lamina dysfunction triggers a germline stem cell checkpoint. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3960. [PMID: 30262885 PMCID: PMC6160405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LEM domain (LEM-D) proteins are conserved components of the nuclear lamina (NL) that contribute to stem cell maintenance through poorly understood mechanisms. The Drosophila emerin homolog Otefin (Ote) is required for maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) and gametogenesis. Here, we show that ote mutants carry germ cell-specific changes in nuclear architecture that are linked to GSC loss. Strikingly, we found that both GSC death and gametogenesis are rescued by inactivation of the DNA damage response (DDR) kinases, ATR and Chk2. Whereas the germline checkpoint draws from components of the DDR pathway, genetic and cytological features of the GSC checkpoint differ from the canonical pathway. Instead, structural deformation of the NL correlates with checkpoint activation. Despite remarkably normal oogenesis, rescued oocytes do not support embryogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that NL dysfunction caused by Otefin loss triggers a GSC-specific checkpoint that contributes to maintenance of gamete quality. Otefin is a nuclear lamina protein required for survival of Drosophila germ stem cells. Here the authors show that nuclear lamina dysfunction resulting from loss of Otefin activates a DNA damage-independent germ stem cell-specific checkpoint, mediated by the ATR and Chk2 kinases, which ensures that healthy gametes are passed on to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J Barton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tingting Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Wenfan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Amy Luttinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kaylee E Lovander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexey A Soshnev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pamela K Geyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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22
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Krishnamoorthy V, Khanna R, Parnaik VK. E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW2 targets PCNA and lamin B1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1088-1104. [PMID: 29753763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamins constitute the major architectural proteins of the nuclear lamina that help in maintaining nuclear organization. Mutations in lamins are associated with diverse degenerative diseases, collectively termed laminopathies. HECW2, a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is transcriptionally upregulated in HeLa cells expressing Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy-causing-lamin A mutants. However, the role of HECW2 upregulation in mediating downstream effects in lamin mutant-expressing cells was previously unexplored. Here, we show that HECW2 interacts with two lamin A-binding proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), via a canonical PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif, and lamin B1. HECW2 mediates their ubiquitination and targets them for proteasomal degradation. Cells expressing lamin A mutants G232E and Q294P, in which HECW2 is upregulated, show increased proteasomal degradation of PCNA and lamin B1 most likely mediated by HECW2. Our findings establish HECW2 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCNA and lamin B1 which regulates their levels in laminopathic cells. We also found that HECW2 interacts with wild-type lamin A and ubiquitinates it and this interaction is reduced in case of lamin mutants G232E and Q294P. Our findings suggest that interplay among HECW2, lamin A, PCNA, and lamin B1 determines their respective homeostatic levels in the cell and dysregulation of these interactions may contribute to the pathogenicity of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richa Khanna
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena K Parnaik
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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23
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Burla R, La Torre M, Merigliano C, Vernì F, Saggio I. Genomic instability and DNA replication defects in progeroid syndromes. Nucleus 2018; 9:368-379. [PMID: 29936894 PMCID: PMC7000143 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1476793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes induced by mutations in lamin A or in its interactors – named progeroid laminopathies – are model systems for the dissection of the molecular pathways causing physiological and premature aging. A large amount of data, based mainly on the Hutchinson Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS), one of the best characterized progeroid laminopathy, has highlighted the role of lamins in multiple DNA activities, including replication, repair, chromatin organization and telomere function. On the other hand, the phenotypes generated by mutations affecting genes directly acting on DNA function, as mutations in the helicases WRN and BLM or in the polymerase polδ, share many of the traits of progeroid laminopathies. These evidences support the hypothesis of a concerted implication of DNA function and lamins in aging. We focus here on these aspects to contribute to the comprehension of the driving forces acting in progeroid syndromes and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy.,c Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
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24
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Laurini E, Martinelli V, Lanzicher T, Puzzi L, Borin D, Chen SN, Long CS, Lee P, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Sbaizero O, Pricl S. Biomechanical defects and rescue of cardiomyocytes expressing pathologic nuclear lamins. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:846-857. [PMID: 29432544 PMCID: PMC5909658 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Given the clinical impact of LMNA cardiomyopathies, understanding lamin function will fulfill a clinical need and will lead to advancement in the treatment of heart failure. A multidisciplinary approach combining cell biology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and molecular modeling was used to analyse the biomechanical properties of human lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations (E161K, D192G, N195K) using an in vitro neonatal rat ventricular myocyte model. Methods and results The severity of biomechanical defects due to the three LMNA mutations correlated with the severity of the clinical phenotype. AFM and molecular modeling identified distinctive biomechanical and structural changes, with increasing severity from E161K to N195K and D192G, respectively. Additionally, the biomechanical defects were rescued with a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Conclusions AFM and molecular modeling were able to quantify distinct biomechanical and structural defects in LMNA mutations E161K, D192G, and N195K and correlate the defects with clinical phenotypic severity. Improvements in cellular biomechanical phenotype was demonstrated and may represent a mechanism of action for p38 MAPK inhibition therapy that is now being used in human clinical trials to treat laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Lanzicher
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Puzzi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Borin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carlin S Long
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrice Lee
- Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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25
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Kalsbeek D, Golsteyn RM. G2/M-Phase Checkpoint Adaptation and Micronuclei Formation as Mechanisms That Contribute to Genomic Instability in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2344. [PMID: 29113112 PMCID: PMC5713313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common characteristics of cancer cells is genomic instability. Recent research has revealed that G2/M-phase checkpoint adaptation-entering mitosis with damaged DNA-contributes to genomic changes in experimental models. When cancer cells are treated with pharmacological concentrations of genotoxic agents, they undergo checkpoint adaptation; however, a small number of cells are able to survive and accumulate micronuclei. These micronuclei harbour damaged DNA, and are able to replicate and reincorporate their DNA into the main nucleus. Micronuclei are susceptible to chromothripsis, which is a phenomenon characterised by extensively rearranged chromosomes that reassemble from pulverized chromosomes in one cellular event. These processes contribute to genomic instability in cancer cells that survive a genotoxic anti-cancer treatment. This review provides insight into checkpoint adaptation and its connection to micronuclei and possibly chromothripsis. Knowledge about these mechanisms is needed to improve the poor cancer treatment outcomes that result from genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danî Kalsbeek
- Cancer Cell Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Roy M Golsteyn
- Cancer Cell Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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26
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Hong YR, Lam CH, Tan KT. Fluorogenic Protein Labeling Probes to Study the Morphological Interplay between PreLamin and Mature Lamin. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Hong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chak Hin Lam
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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27
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Bhattacharjee P, Dasgupta D, Sengupta K. DCM associated LMNA mutations cause distortions in lamina structure and assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2598-2608. [PMID: 28844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A and B-type lamins are integral scaffolding components of the nuclear lamina which impart rigidity and shape to all metazoan nuclei. Over 450 mutations in A-type lamins are associated with 16 human diseases including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Here, we show that DCM mutants perturb the self-association of lamin A (LA) and it's binding with lamin B1 (LB1). METHODS We used confocal and superresolution microscopy (NSIM) to study the effect of LA mutants on the nuclear lamina. We further used circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to probe the structural modulations, self-association and heteropolymeric association of mutant LA. RESULTS Transfection of mutants in cultured cell lines result in the formation of nuclear aggregates of varied size and distribution. Endogenous LB1 is sequestered into these aggregates. This is consistent with the ten-fold increase in association constant of the mutant proteins compared to the wild type. These mutants exhibit differential heterotypic interaction with LB1, along with significant secondary and tertiary structural alterations of the interacting proteins. Thermodynamic studies demonstrate that the mutants bind to LB1 with different stoichiometry, affinity and energetics. CONCLUSIONS In this report we show that increased self-association propensity of mutant LA modulates the LA-LB1 interaction and precludes the formation of an otherwise uniform laminar network. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results might highlight the role of homotypic and heterotypic interactions of LA in the pathogenesis of DCM and hence laminopathies in the broader sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Ma Y, Fei L, Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Wang C, Luo Y, Zhang H, Han Y. Lamin B2 binding to minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 promotes non-small cell lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104813-104830. [PMID: 29285216 PMCID: PMC5739603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of lamin B2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We detected higher lamin B2 expression in 20 NSCLC tumor tissues obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas than in adjacent normal lung tissues. LMNB2-RNAi knockdown in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation and G1-S cell cycle progression while increasing apoptosis. LMNB2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Tumor xenograft experiments showed diminished tumor growth with LMNB2 knockdown H1299 cells than with controls. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) to be a binding partner of lamin B2, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies. Lamin B2 binding enhanced DNA binding and helicase activities of MCM7. Deletion analysis with MCM7-N, MCM7-M or MCM7-C mutant proteins showed that lamin B2 binds to the C-terminus of MCM7, and competes with the binding of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of 150 NSCLC patient samples revealed that both lamin B2 and MCM7 levels positively correlated with histological grade and tumor TNM stage. Moreover, high lamin B2 and MCM7 levels correlated with shorter overall survival of NSCLC patients. In sum, these results show that lamin B2 interaction with MCM7 promotes NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ma
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangru Fei
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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30
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Progerin-Induced Replication Stress Facilitates Premature Senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00659-16. [PMID: 28483909 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00659-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by a mutation in LMNA that produces an aberrant lamin A protein, progerin. The accumulation of progerin in HGPS cells leads to an aberrant nuclear morphology, genetic instability, and p53-dependent premature senescence. How p53 is activated in response to progerin production is unknown. Here we show that young cycling HGPS fibroblasts exhibit chronic DNA damage, primarily in S phase, as well as delayed replication fork progression. We demonstrate that progerin binds to PCNA, altering its distribution away from replicating DNA in HGPS cells, leading to γH2AX formation, ATR activation, and RPA Ser33 phosphorylation. Unlike normal human cells that can be immortalized by enforced expression of telomerase alone, immortalization of HGPS cells requires telomerase expression and p53 repression. In addition, we show that the DNA damage response in HGPS cells does not originate from eroded telomeres. Together, these results establish that progerin interferes with the coordination of essential DNA replication factors, causing replication stress, and is the primary signal for p53 activation leading to premature senescence in HGPS. Furthermore, this damage response is shown to be independent of progerin farnesylation, implying that unprocessed lamin A alone causes replication stress.
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31
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Hilton BA, Liu J, Cartwright BM, Liu Y, Breitman M, Wang Y, Jones R, Tang H, Rusinol A, Musich PR, Zou Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3882-3893. [PMID: 28515154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene, resulting in production of a truncated farnesylated-prelamin A protein (progerin). We previously reported that XPA mislocalized to the progerin-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, blocking DSB repair, which led to DSB accumulation, DNA damage responses, and early replication arrest in HGPS. In this study, the XPA mislocalization to DSBs occurred at stalled or collapsed replication forks, concurrent with a significant loss of PCNA at the forks, whereas PCNA efficiently bound to progerin. This PCNA sequestration likely exposed ds-ssDNA junctions at replication forks for XPA binding. Depletion of XPA or progerin each significantly restored PCNA at replication forks. Our results suggest that although PCNA is much more competitive than XPA in binding replication forks, PCNA sequestration by progerin may shift the equilibrium to favor XPA binding. Furthermore, we demonstrated that progerin-induced apoptosis could be rescued by XPA, suggesting that XPA-replication fork binding may prevent apoptosis in HGPS cells. Our results propose a mechanism for progerin-induced genome instability and accelerated replicative senescence in HGPS.-Hilton, B. A., Liu, J., Cartwright, B. M., Liu, Y., Breitman, M., Wang, Y., Jones, R., Tang, H., Rusinol, A., Musich, P. R., Zou, Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Hilton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Breitman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Youjie Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rowdy Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio Rusinol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA;
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Cobb AM, Murray TV, Warren DT, Liu Y, Shanahan CM. Disruption of PCNA-lamins A/C interactions by prelamin A induces DNA replication fork stalling. Nucleus 2017; 7:498-511. [PMID: 27676213 PMCID: PMC5120601 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1239685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of prelamin A is linked to disruption of cellular homeostasis, tissue degeneration and aging. Its expression is implicated in compromised genome stability and increased levels of DNA damage, but to date there is no complete explanation for how prelamin A exerts its toxic effects. As the nuclear lamina is important for DNA replication we wanted to investigate the relationship between prelamin A expression and DNA replication fork stability. In this study we report that the expression of prelamin A in U2OS cells induced both mono-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and subsequent induction of Pol η, two hallmarks of DNA replication fork stalling. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that cells expressing prelamin A presented with high levels of colocalisation between PCNA and γH2AX, indicating collapse of stalled DNA replication forks into DNA double-strand breaks. Subsequent protein-protein interaction assays showed prelamin A interacted with PCNA and that its presence mitigated interactions between PCNA and the mature nuclear lamina. Thus, we propose that the cytotoxicity of prelamin A arises in part, from it actively competing against mature lamin A to bind PCNA and that this destabilises DNA replication to induce fork stalling which in turn contributes to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Cobb
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas V Murray
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Derek T Warren
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Yiwen Liu
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
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Dixon CR, Platani M, Makarov AA, Schirmer EC. Microinjection of Antibodies Targeting the Lamin A/C Histone-Binding Site Blocks Mitotic Entry and Reveals Separate Chromatin Interactions with HP1, CenpB and PML. Cells 2017; 6:cells6020009. [PMID: 28346356 PMCID: PMC5492013 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins form a scaffold lining the nucleus that binds chromatin and contributes to spatial genome organization; however, due to the many other functions of lamins, studies knocking out or altering the lamin polymer cannot clearly distinguish between direct and indirect effects. To overcome this obstacle, we specifically targeted the mapped histone-binding site of A/C lamins by microinjecting antibodies specific to this region predicting that this would make the genome more mobile. No increase in chromatin mobility was observed; however, interestingly, injected cells failed to go through mitosis, while control antibody-injected cells did. This effect was not due to crosslinking of the lamin polymer, as Fab fragments also blocked mitosis. The lack of genome mobility suggested other lamin-chromatin interactions. To determine what these might be, mini-lamin A constructs were expressed with or without the histone-binding site that assembled into independent intranuclear structures. HP1, CenpB and PML proteins accumulated at these structures for both constructs, indicating that other sites supporting chromatin interactions exist on lamin A. Together, these results indicate that lamin A-chromatin interactions are highly redundant and more diverse than generally acknowledged and highlight the importance of trying to experimentally separate their individual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Dixon
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Swann 5.22, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Melpomeni Platani
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Swann 5.22, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Alexandr A Makarov
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Swann 5.22, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Swann 5.22, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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34
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Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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35
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Pecorari I, Puzzi L, Sbaizero O. Atomic force microscopy and lamins: A review study towards future, combined investigations. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:97-108. [PMID: 27859883 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) underwent a rapid and stunning development, especially for studying mechanical properties of biological samples. The numerous discoveries relying to this approach, have increased the credit of AFM as a versatile tool, and potentially eligible as a diagnostic equipment. Meanwhile, it has become strikingly evident that lamins are involved on the onset and development of certain diseases, including cancer, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, cardiovascular pathologies, and muscular dystrophy. A new category of pathologies has been defined, the laminopathies, which are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for A-type lamins. As the majority of medical issues, lamins, and all their related aspects can be considered as a quite complex problem. Indeed, there are many facets to explore, and this definitely requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the most intriguing aspects concerning lamins is their remarkable contribute to cells mechanics. Over the years, this has led to the speculation of the so-called "structural hypothesis", which attempts to elucidate the etiology and some features of the laminopathies. Among the various techniques tried to figure out the role of lamins in the cells mechanics, the AFM has been already successfully applied, proving its versatility. Therefore, the present work aims both to highlight the qualities of AFM and to review the most relevant knowledge about lamins, in order to promote the study of the latter, taking advantage from the former. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:97-108, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pecorari
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Puzzi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Lamins are major components of the nuclear lamina, a network of proteins that supports the nuclear envelope in metazoan cells. Over the past decade, biochemical studies have provided support for the view that lamins are not passive bystanders providing mechanical stability to the nucleus but play an active role in the organization of the genome and the function of fundamental nuclear processes. It has also become apparent that lamins are critical for human health, as a large number of mutations identified in the gene that encodes for A-type lamins are associated with tissue-specific and systemic genetic diseases, including the accelerated aging disorder known as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Recent years have witnessed great advances in our understanding of the role of lamins in the nucleus and the functional consequences of disease-associated A-type lamin mutations. Many of these findings have been presented in comprehensive reviews. In this mini-review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the role of lamins in health and disease and what lies ahead in lamin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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37
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Maishman L, Obado SO, Alsford S, Bart JM, Chen WM, Ratushny AV, Navarro M, Horn D, Aitchison JD, Chait BT, Rout MP, Field MC. Co-dependence between trypanosome nuclear lamina components in nuclear stability and control of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10554-10570. [PMID: 27625397 PMCID: PMC5159534 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a filamentous structure subtending the nuclear envelope and required for chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation and maintaining nuclear structure. The trypanosomatid coiled-coil NUP-1 protein is a lamina component functionally analogous to lamins, the major lamina proteins of metazoa. There is little evidence for shared ancestry, suggesting the presence of a distinct lamina system in trypanosomes. To find additional trypanosomatid lamina components we identified NUP-1 interacting proteins by affinity capture and mass-spectrometry. Multiple components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and a second coiled-coil protein, which we termed NUP-2, were found. NUP-2 has a punctate distribution at the nuclear periphery throughout the cell cycle and is in close proximity to NUP-1, the NPCs and telomeric chromosomal regions. RNAi-mediated silencing of NUP-2 leads to severe proliferation defects, gross alterations to nuclear structure, chromosomal organization and nuclear envelope architecture. Further, transcription is altered at telomere-proximal variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) expression sites (ESs), suggesting a role in controlling ES expression, although NUP-2 silencing does not increase VSG switching. Transcriptome analysis suggests specific alterations to Pol I-dependent transcription. NUP-1 is mislocalized in NUP-2 knockdown cells and vice versa, implying that NUP-1 and NUP-2 form a co-dependent network and identifying NUP-2 as a second trypanosomatid nuclear lamina component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maishman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Samson O Obado
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sam Alsford
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jean-Mathieu Bart
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 18100 Grenada, Spain
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexander V Ratushny
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Miguel Navarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 18100 Grenada, Spain
| | - David Horn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael P Rout
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
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Role of Intermediate Filaments in Vesicular Traffic. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020020. [PMID: 27120621 PMCID: PMC4931669 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are an important component of the cellular cytoskeleton. The first established role attributed to intermediate filaments was the mechanical support to cells. However, it is now clear that intermediate filaments have many different roles affecting a variety of other biological functions, such as the organization of microtubules and microfilaments, the regulation of nuclear structure and activity, the control of cell cycle and the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, a number of intermediate filament proteins have been involved in the acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Over the last years, a strong involvement of intermediate filament proteins in the regulation of several aspects of intracellular trafficking has strongly emerged. Here, we review the functions of intermediate filaments proteins focusing mainly on the recent knowledge gained from the discovery that intermediate filaments associate with key proteins of the vesicular membrane transport machinery. In particular, we analyze the current understanding of the contribution of intermediate filaments to the endocytic pathway.
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Uchino R, Sugiyama S, Katagiri M, Chuman Y, Furukawa K. Non-farnesylated B-type lamin can tether chromatin inside the nucleus and its chromatin interaction requires the Ig-fold region. Chromosoma 2016; 126:125-144. [PMID: 26892013 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are thought to direct heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina (NL); however, this function of lamin has not been clearly demonstrated in vivo. To address this, we analyzed polytene chromosome morphology when artificial lamin variants were expressed in Drosophila endoreplicating cells. We found that the CaaX-motif-deleted B-type lamin Dm0, but not A-type lamin C, was able to form a nuclear envelope-independent layer that was closely associated with chromatin. Other nuclear envelope proteins were not detected in this "ectopic lamina," and the associated chromatin showed a repressive histone modification maker but not a permissive histone modification marker nor RNA polymerase II proteins. Furthermore, deletion of the C-terminal lamin-Ig-fold domain prevents chromatin association with this ectopic lamina. Thus, non-farnesylated B-type lamin Dm0 can form an ectopic lamina and induce changes to chromatin structure and status inside the interphase nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Uchino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shin Sugiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Motoi Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
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40
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Zwerger M, Roschitzki-Voser H, Zbinden R, Denais C, Herrmann H, Lammerding J, Grütter MG, Medalia O. Altering lamina assembly reveals lamina-dependent and -independent functions for A-type lamins. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3607-20. [PMID: 26275827 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that form a fibrous meshwork, called the nuclear lamina, between the inner nuclear membrane and peripheral heterochromatin of metazoan cells. The assembly and incorporation of lamin A/C into the lamina, as well as their various functions, are still not well understood. Here, we employed designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as new experimental tools for lamin research. We screened for DARPins that specifically bound to lamin A/C, and interfered with lamin assembly in vitro and with incorporation of lamin A/C into the native lamina in living cells. The selected DARPins inhibited lamin assembly and delocalized A-type lamins to the nucleoplasm without modifying lamin expression levels or the amino acid sequence. Using these lamin binders, we demonstrate the importance of proper integration of lamin A/C into the lamina for nuclear mechanical properties and nuclear envelope integrity. Finally, our study provides evidence for cell-type-specific differences in lamin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zwerger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Roschitzki-Voser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Reto Zbinden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Celine Denais
- Cornell University, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Functional Architecture of the Cell, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Cornell University, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Markus G Grütter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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41
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Guo Y, Zheng Y. Lamins position the nuclear pores and centrosomes by modulating dynein. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3379-89. [PMID: 26246603 PMCID: PMC4591684 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins counterbalance dynein forces on nuclear pore complexes through BICD2 and ensure even nuclear pore complex distribution and proper centrosome separation at prophase. Lamins, the type V nuclear intermediate filament proteins, are reported to function in both interphase and mitosis. For example, lamin deletion in various cell types can lead to an uneven distribution of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the interphase nuclear envelope, whereas deletion of B-type lamins results in spindle orientation defects in mitotic neural progenitor cells. How lamins regulate these functions is unknown. Using mouse cells deleted of different combinations or all lamins, we show that lamins are required to prevent the aggregation of NPCs in the nuclear envelope near centrosomes in late G2 and prophase. This asymmetric NPC distribution in the absence of lamins is caused by dynein forces acting on NPCs via the dynein adaptor BICD2. We further show that asymmetric NPC distribution upon lamin depletion disrupts the distribution of BICD2 and p150 dynactin on the nuclear envelope at prophase, which results in inefficient dynein-driven centrosome separation during prophase. Therefore lamins regulate microtubule-based motor forces in vivo to ensure proper NPC distribution in interphase and centrosome separation in the mitotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
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42
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Butin-Israeli V, Adam SA, Jain N, Otte GL, Neems D, Wiesmüller L, Berger SL, Goldman RD. Role of lamin b1 in chromatin instability. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:884-98. [PMID: 25535332 PMCID: PMC4323489 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01145-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins play important roles in the organization and structure of the nucleus; however, the specific mechanisms linking lamin structure to nuclear functions are poorly defined. We demonstrate that reducing nuclear lamin B1 expression by short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing in cancer cell lines to approximately 50% of normal levels causes a delay in the cell cycle and accumulation of cells in early S phase. The S phase delay appears to be due to the stalling and collapse of replication forks. The double-strand DNA breaks resulting from replication fork collapse were inefficiently repaired, causing persistent DNA damage signaling and the assembly of extensive repair foci on chromatin. The expression of multiple factors involved in DNA replication and repair by both nonhomologous end joining and homologous repair is misregulated when lamin B1 levels are reduced. We further demonstrate that lamin B1 interacts directly with the promoters of some genes associated with DNA damage response and repair, including BRCA1 and RAD51. Taken together, the results suggest that the maintenance of lamin B1 levels is required for DNA replication and repair through regulation of the expression of key factors involved in these essential nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen A Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriel L Otte
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Neems
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shelly L Berger
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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43
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Camps J, Erdos MR, Ried T. The role of lamin B1 for the maintenance of nuclear structure and function. Nucleus 2015; 6:8-14. [PMID: 25602590 PMCID: PMC4615282 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2014.1003510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins constitute an integral structural component of the nuclear lamina. However, their impact on the structure and stability of chromosome territories, and on the regulation of gene expression is explored to a lesser extent. By 3D-FISH, Camps and colleagues showed that lamin B1 (LMNB1) is required for proper chromosome condensation in interphase nuclei, and deficiency of LMNB1 triggers the relocation of the epigenetic mark of facultative heterochromatin, H3K27me3, toward the interior of the nucleus. Additionally, LMNB1 repression slowed cellular growth due to S-phase delays and increased genomic instability. Finally, silencing of LMNB1 resulted in enlarged nuclear speckles and in extensive changes in alternative splicing of multiple genes. Altogether, the data suggest a central role of LMNB1 for the condensation of chromosome territories, for the distribution of heterochromatin, and for the regulation of gene expression and splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology; Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERehd; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael R Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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44
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45
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Camps J, Wangsa D, Falke M, Brown M, Case CM, Erdos MR, Ried T. Loss of lamin B1 results in prolongation of S phase and decondensation of chromosome territories. FASEB J 2014; 28:3423-34. [PMID: 24732130 PMCID: PMC4101663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamin B1 (LMNB1) constitutes one of the major structural proteins in the lamina mesh. We silenced the expression of LMNB1 by RNA interference in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1 and showed a dramatic redistribution of H3K27me3 from the periphery to a more homogeneous nuclear dispersion. In addition, we observed telomere attrition and an increased frequency of micronuclei and nuclear blebs. By 3D-FISH analyses, we demonstrated that the volume and surface of chromosome territories were significantly larger in LMNB1-depleted cells, suggesting that LMNB1 is required to maintain chromatin condensation in interphase nuclei. These changes led to a prolonged S phase due to activation of Chk1. Finally, silencing of LMNB1 resulted in extensive changes in alternative splicing of multiple genes and in a higher number of enlarged nuclear speckles. Taken together, our results suggest a mechanistic role of the nuclear lamina in the organization of chromosome territories, maintenance of genome integrity and proper gene splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
| | - Martin Falke
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
| | - Markus Brown
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
| | - Chanelle M Case
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
| | - Michael R Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, and
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46
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Abstract
For over two decades, B-type lamins were thought to have roles in fundamental processes including correct assembly of nuclear envelopes, DNA replication, transcription and cell survival. Recent studies have questioned these roles and have instead emphasised the role of these proteins in tissue building and tissue integrity, particularly in tissues devoid of A-type lamins. Other studies have suggested that the expression of B-type lamins in somatic cells influences the rate of entry into states of cellular senescence. In humans duplication of the LMNB1 gene (encoding lamin B1) causes an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder, termed autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, whilst very recently, LMNB1 has been implicated as a susceptibility gene in neural tube defects. This is consistent with studies in mice that reveal a critical role for B-type lamins in neuronal migration and brain development. In this review, I will consider how different model systems have contributed to our understanding of the functions of B-type lamins and which of those functions are critical for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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47
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Guo Y, Kim Y, Shimi T, Goldman RD, Zheng Y. Concentration-dependent lamin assembly and its roles in the localization of other nuclear proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1287-97. [PMID: 24523288 PMCID: PMC3982994 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) consists of lamin polymers and proteins that bind to the polymers. Disruption of NL proteins such as lamin and emerin leads to developmental defects and human diseases. However, the expression of multiple lamins, including lamin-A/C, lamin-B1, and lamin-B2, in mammals has made it difficult to study the assembly and function of the NL. Consequently, it has been unclear whether different lamins depend on one another for proper NL assembly and which NL functions are shared by all lamins or are specific to one lamin. Using mouse cells deleted of all or different combinations of lamins, we demonstrate that the assembly of each lamin into the NL depends primarily on the lamin concentration present in the nucleus. When expressed at sufficiently high levels, each lamin alone can assemble into an evenly organized NL, which is in turn sufficient to ensure the even distribution of the nuclear pore complexes. By contrast, only lamin-A can ensure the localization of emerin within the NL. Thus, when investigating the role of the NL in development and disease, it is critical to determine the protein levels of relevant lamins and the intricate shared or specific lamin functions in the tissue of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
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48
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Kuga T, Nie H, Kazami T, Satoh M, Matsushita K, Nomura F, Maeshima K, Nakayama Y, Tomonaga T. Lamin B2 prevents chromosome instability by ensuring proper mitotic chromosome segregation. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e94. [PMID: 24637494 PMCID: PMC4038388 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of human cancer shows chromosomal instability (CIN). Although the precise mechanism remains largely uncertain, proper progression of mitosis is crucial. B-type lamins were suggested to be components of the spindle matrix of mitotic cells and to be involved in mitotic spindle assembly; thus, B-type lamins may contribute to the maintenance of chromosome integrity. Here, using a proteomic approach, we identified lamin B2 as a novel protein involved in CIN. Lamin B2 expression decreased in colorectal cancer cell lines exhibiting CIN, as compared with colorectal cancer cell lines exhibiting microsatellite instability (MIN), which is mutually exclusive to CIN. Importantly, lamin B2 knockdown in MIN-type colorectal cancer cells induced CIN phenotypes such as aneuploidy, chromosome mis-segregation and aberrant spindle assembly, whereas ectopic expression of lamin B2 in CIN-type colorectal cancer cells prevented their CIN phenotypes. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis showed a lower expression of lamin B2 in cancer tissues extracted from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (CIN-type) than that from patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; MIN type). Intriguingly, mitotic lamin B2 in MIN cancer cells was localized outside the spindle poles and mitotic lamin B2 localization was diminished in CIN cancer cells, suggesting an important role of lamin B2 in proper mitotic spindle formation. The obtained results suggest that lamin B2 maintains chromosome integrity by ensuring proper spindle assembly and that its downregulation causes CIN in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuga
- 1] Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan [3] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Nie
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Kazami
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Satoh
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - F Nomura
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Maeshima
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Tomonaga
- 1] Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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49
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RB and Lamins in Cell Cycle Regulation and Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:127-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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50
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Hatch EM, Fischer AH, Deerinck TJ, Hetzer MW. Catastrophic nuclear envelope collapse in cancer cell micronuclei. Cell 2013; 154:47-60. [PMID: 23827674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During mitotic exit, missegregated chromosomes can recruit their own nuclear envelope (NE) to form micronuclei (MN). MN have reduced functioning compared to primary nuclei in the same cell, although the two compartments appear to be structurally comparable. Here we show that over 60% of MN undergo an irreversible loss of compartmentalization during interphase due to NE collapse. This disruption of the MN, which is induced by defects in nuclear lamina assembly, drastically reduces nuclear functions and can trigger massive DNA damage. MN disruption is associated with chromatin compaction and invasion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules into the chromatin. We identified disrupted MN in both major subtypes of human non-small-cell lung cancer, suggesting that disrupted MN could be a useful objective biomarker for genomic instability in solid tumors. Our study shows that NE collapse is a key event underlying MN dysfunction and establishes a link between aberrant NE organization and aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Hatch
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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