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Arora UP, Dumont BL. Molecular evolution of the mammalian kinetochore complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.600994. [PMID: 38979348 PMCID: PMC11230421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.600994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian centromeres are satellite-rich chromatin domains that serve as sites for kinetochore complex assembly. Centromeres are highly variable in sequence and satellite organization across species, but the processes that govern the co-evolutionary dynamics between rapidly evolving centromeres and their associated kinetochore proteins remain poorly understood. Here, we pursue a course of phylogenetic analyses to investigate the molecular evolution of the complete kinetochore complex across primate and rodent species with divergent centromere repeat sequences and features. We show that many protein components of the core centromere associated network (CCAN) harbor signals of adaptive evolution, consistent with their intimate association with centromere satellite DNA and roles in the stability and recruitment of additional kinetochore proteins. Surprisingly, CCAN and outer kinetochore proteins exhibit comparable rates of adaptive divergence, suggesting that changes in centromere DNA can ripple across the kinetochore to drive adaptive protein evolution within distant domains of the complex. Our work further identifies kinetochore proteins subject to lineage-specific adaptive evolution, including rapidly evolving proteins in species with centromere satellites characterized by higher-order repeat structure and lacking CENP-B boxes. Thus, features of centromeric chromatin beyond the linear DNA sequence may drive selection on kinetochore proteins. Overall, our work spotlights adaptively evolving proteins with diverse centromere-associated functions, including centromere chromatin structure, kinetochore protein assembly, kinetochore-microtubule association, cohesion maintenance, and DNA damage response pathways. These adaptively evolving kinetochore protein candidates present compelling opportunities for future functional investigations exploring how their concerted changes with centromere DNA ensure the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma P Arora
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor ME 04609
- Tufts University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston MA 02111
| | - Beth L Dumont
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor ME 04609
- Tufts University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston MA 02111
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469
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2
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Lakshmi RB, Nayak P, Raz L, Sarkar A, Saroha A, Kumari P, Nair VM, Kombarakkaran DP, Sajana S, M G S, Agasti SS, Paul R, Ben-David U, Manna TK. CKAP5 stabilizes CENP-E at kinetochores by regulating microtubule-chromosome attachments. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1909-1935. [PMID: 38424231 PMCID: PMC11014917 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of microtubule plus end-directed kinesin CENP-E at the metaphase kinetochores is important for chromosome alignment, but its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that CKAP5, a conserved microtubule plus tip protein, regulates CENP-E at kinetochores in human cells. Depletion of CKAP5 impairs CENP-E localization at kinetochores at the metaphase plate and results in increased kinetochore-microtubule stability and attachment errors. Erroneous attachments are also supported by computational modeling. Analysis of CKAP5 knockout cancer cells of multiple tissue origins shows that CKAP5 is preferentially essential in aneuploid, chromosomally unstable cells, and the sensitivity to CKAP5 depletion is correlated to that of CENP-E depletion. CKAP5 depletion leads to reduction in CENP-E-BubR1 interaction and the interaction is rescued by TOG4-TOG5 domain of CKAP5. The same domain can rescue CKAP5 depletion-induced CENP-E removal from the kinetochores. Interestingly, CKAP5 depletion facilitates recruitment of PP1 to the kinetochores and furthermore, a PP1 target site-specific CENP-E phospho-mimicking mutant gets stabilized at kinetochores in the CKAP5-depleted cells. Together, the results support a model in which CKAP5 controls mitotic chromosome attachment errors by stabilizing CENP-E at kinetochores and by regulating stability of the kinetochore-attached microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhagya Lakshmi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Pinaki Nayak
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Linoy Raz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Apurba Sarkar
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Akshay Saroha
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Vishnu M Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Delvin P Kombarakkaran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - S Sajana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sanusha M G
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Raja Paul
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Uri Ben-David
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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3
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Zhang JL, Xu MF, Chen J, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I. Chromosoma 2024; 133:149-168. [PMID: 38456964 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiosis is the genetic basis for sexual reproduction, which is important for chromosome stability and species evolution. The defects in meiosis usually lead to chromosome aneuploidy, reduced gamete number, and genetic diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well clarified. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is a key regulator in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in cell division. However, the functions and mechanisms of CENP-E in male meiosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we have revealed that the CENP-E gene was highly expressed in the rat testis. CENP-E inhibition influences chromosome alignment and spindle organization in metaphase I spermatocytes. We have found that a portion of misaligned homologous chromosomes is located at the spindle poles after CENP-E inhibition, which further activates the spindle assembly checkpoint during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat spermatocytes. Furthermore, CENP-E depletion leads to abnormal spermatogenesis, reduced sperm count, and abnormal sperm head structure. Our findings have elucidated that CENP-E is essential for homologous chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatocytes, which further contribute to chromosome stability and sperm cell quality during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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4
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Yang YH, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E in tumorigenesis: Chromosome instability, spindle assembly checkpoint, and applications. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1366113. [PMID: 38560520 PMCID: PMC10978661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1366113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motors are a large family of molecular motors that walk along microtubules to fulfill many roles in intracellular transport, microtubule organization, and chromosome alignment. Kinesin-7 CENP-E (Centromere protein E) is a chromosome scaffold-associated protein that is located in the corona layer of centromeres, which participates in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint. Over the past 3 decades, CENP-E has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target for cancer therapy and drug development. In this review, we describe expression patterns of CENP-E in multiple tumors and highlight the functions of CENP-E in cancer cell proliferation. We summarize recent advances in structural domains, roles, and functions of CENP-E in cell division. Notably, we describe the dual functions of CENP-E in inhibiting and promoting tumorigenesis. We summarize the mechanisms by which CENP-E affects tumorigenesis through chromosome instability and spindle assembly checkpoints. Finally, we overview and summarize the CENP-E-specific inhibitors, mechanisms of drug resistances and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Liang J, Tian C, Liu L, Zeng X, Zhang Y. Targeting CENP-E augments immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer via stabilizing PD-L1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111294. [PMID: 38043265 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) plays a critical role in mitosis and chromosome misalignment, which may represent a potential therapeutic target in tumors. CENP-E is frequently overexpressed in lung cancer and act as a driver gene. However, it remains unclear whether CENP-E regulates the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study revealed that CENP-E is highly expressed and predicts a worse survival in NSCLC patients; inhibition of CENP-E leads to an upregulation of PD-L1 expression, consequently impacting the immune microenvironment of NSCLC by modulating the balance between CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, we demonstrated that downregulation of CENP-E could stabilize PD-L1 mRNA through the targeting of its 3'UTR by TTP. The genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CENP-E, in combination with PD-L1 antibody, could enhance the antitumor effect in NSCLC. Thus, our findings have revealed a role of CENP-E in immunotherapy and suggest that combination of CENP-E inhibitor with PD-L1 antibody could be an effective treatment option for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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6
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Wu J, Raas MW, Alcaraz PS, Vos HR, Tromer EC, Snel B, Kops GJ. A farnesyl-dependent structural role for CENP-E in expansion of the fibrous corona. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202303007. [PMID: 37934467 PMCID: PMC10630089 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct chromosome segregation during cell division depends on proper connections between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. During prometaphase, kinetochores are temporarily covered with a dense protein meshwork known as the fibrous corona. Formed by oligomerization of ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH-SPINDLY (RZZ-S) complexes, the fibrous corona promotes spindle assembly, chromosome orientation, and spindle checkpoint signaling. The molecular requirements for formation of the fibrous corona are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibrous corona depends on the mitotic kinesin CENP-E and that poorly expanded fibrous coronas after CENP-E depletion are functionally compromised. This previously unrecognized role for CENP-E does not require its motor activity but instead is driven by farnesyl modification of its C-terminal kinetochore- and microtubule-binding domain. We show that in cells, CENP-E binds Spindly and recruits RZZ-S complexes to ectopic locations in a farnesyl-dependent manner. CENP-E is recruited to kinetochores following RZZ-S, and-while not required for RZZ-S oligomerization per se-promotes subsequent fibrous corona expansion. Our comparative genomics analyses suggest that the farnesylation motif in CENP-E orthologs emerged alongside the full RZZ-S module in an ancestral lineage close to the fungi-animal split (Obazoa), revealing potential conservation of the mechanisms for fibrous corona formation. Our results show that proper spindle assembly has a potentially conserved non-motor contribution from the kinesin CENP-E through stabilization of the fibrous corona meshwork during its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian W.D. Raas
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eelco C. Tromer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert J.P.L. Kops
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Nair VM, Sabu AS, Hussain A, Kombarakkaran DP, Lakshmi RB, Manna TK. E3-ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 regulates mitotic progression by targeting BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:374. [PMID: 38008853 PMCID: PMC11072012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires correct attachment of kinetochores with the spindle microtubules. Erroneously-attached kinetochores recruit proteins to activate Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which senses the errors and signals cells to delay anaphase progression for error correction. Temporal control of the levels of SAC activating-proteins is critical for checkpoint activation and silencing, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCF-FBXW7 targets BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and thereby controls SAC in human cells. Depletion of FBXW7 results in prolonged metaphase arrest with increased stabilization of BubR1 at kinetochores. Similar kinetochore stabilization is also observed for BubR1-interacting protein, CENP-E. FBXW7 induced ubiquitination of both BubR1 and the BubR1-interacting kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E, but CENP-E domain degradation is dependent on BubR1. Interestingly, Cdk1 inhibition disrupts FBXW7-mediated BubR1 targeting and further, phospho-resistant mutation of Cdk1-targeted phosphorylation site, Thr 620 impairs BubR1-FBXW7 interaction and FBXW7-mediated BubR1 ubiquitination, supporting its role as a phosphodegron for FBXW7. The results demonstrate SCF-FBXW7 as a key regulator of spindle assembly checkpoint that controls stability of BubR1 and its associated CENP-E at kinetochores. They also support that upstream Cdk1 specific BubR1 phosphorylation signals the ligase to activate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu M Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Amit Santhu Sabu
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Delvin P Kombarakkaran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - R Bhagya Lakshmi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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8
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Gluszek‐Kustusz A, Craske B, Legal T, McHugh T, Welburn JPI. Phosphorylation controls spatial and temporal activities of motor-PRC1 complexes to complete mitosis. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113647. [PMID: 37592895 PMCID: PMC10620760 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, spindle architecture alters as chromosomes segregate into daughter cells. The microtubule crosslinker protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is essential for spindle stability, chromosome segregation and completion of cytokinesis, but how it recruits motors to the central spindle to coordinate the segregation of chromosomes is unknown. Here, we combine structural and cell biology approaches to show that the human CENP-E motor, which is essential for chromosome capture and alignment by microtubules, binds to PRC1 through a conserved hydrophobic motif. This binding mechanism is also used by Kinesin-4 Kif4A:PRC1. Using in vitro reconstitution, we demonstrate that CENP-E slides antiparallel PRC1-crosslinked microtubules. We find that the regulation of CENP-E -PRC1 interaction is spatially and temporally coupled with relocalization to overlapping microtubules in anaphase. Finally, we demonstrate that the PRC1-microtubule motor interaction is essential in anaphase to control chromosome partitioning, retain central spindle integrity and ensure cytokinesis. Taken together our findings reveal the molecular basis for the cell cycle regulation of motor-PRC1 complexes to couple chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gluszek‐Kustusz
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Benjamin Craske
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Toni McHugh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Julie PI Welburn
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Zhou AS, Tucker JB, Scribano CM, Lynch AR, Carlsen CL, Pop-Vicas ST, Pattaswamy SM, Burkard ME, Weaver BA. Diverse microtubule-targeted anticancer agents kill cells by inducing chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002339. [PMID: 37883329 PMCID: PMC10602348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeted agents are commonly used for cancer treatment, though many patients do not benefit. Microtubule-targeted drugs were assumed to elicit anticancer activity via mitotic arrest because they cause cell death following mitotic arrest in cell culture. However, we recently demonstrated that intratumoral paclitaxel concentrations are insufficient to induce mitotic arrest and rather induce chromosomal instability (CIN) via multipolar mitotic spindles. Here, we show in metastatic breast cancer and relevant human cellular models that this mechanism is conserved among clinically useful microtubule poisons. While multipolar divisions typically produce inviable progeny, multipolar spindles can be focused into near-normal bipolar spindles at any stage of mitosis. Using a novel method to quantify the rate of CIN, we demonstrate that cell death positively correlates with net loss of DNA. Spindle focusing decreases CIN and causes resistance to diverse microtubule poisons, which can be counteracted by addition of a drug that increases CIN without affecting spindle polarity. These results demonstrate conserved mechanisms of action and resistance for diverse microtubule-targeted agents. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03393741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S. Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John B. Tucker
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Scribano
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Lynch
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Caleb L. Carlsen
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sophia T. Pop-Vicas
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Srishrika M. Pattaswamy
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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10
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Guruvaiah P, Chava S, Sun CW, Singh N, Penn CA, Gupta R. ATAD2 is a driver and a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer that functions by upregulating CENPE. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:456. [PMID: 37479754 PMCID: PMC10362061 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a complex disease associated with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. The emergence of treatment resistance in most patients causes ovarian cancer to become incurable, and novel therapies remain necessary. We identified epigenetic regulator ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is associated with increased incidences of metastasis and recurrence. Genetic knockdown of ATAD2 or its pharmacological inhibition via ATAD2 inhibitor BAY-850 suppressed ovarian cancer growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling of ovarian cancer cells treated with BAY-850 revealed that ATAD2 inhibition predominantly alters the expression of centromere regulatory genes, particularly centromere protein E (CENPE). In ovarian cancer cells, changes in CENPE expression following ATAD2 inhibition resulted in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, which led to the suppression of ovarian cancer growth. Pharmacological CENPE inhibition phenotypically recapitulated the cellular changes induced by ATAD2 inhibition, and combined pharmacological inhibition of both ATAD2 and CENPE inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth more potently than inhibition of either alone. Thus, our study identified ATAD2 as regulators of ovarian cancer growth and metastasis that can be targeted either alone or in combination with CENPE inhibitors for effective ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guruvaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Nirupama Singh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Courtney A Penn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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11
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Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies centromere associated protein E as a novel prognostic and immunological biomarker in human tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130346. [PMID: 36931353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), a core component of the kinetochore, mediates chromosome congression and spindle microtubule capture during mitosis. Partial experimental evidence has illustrated the carcinogenic effects of CENPE in tumors, but the corresponding pan-cancer analysis of CENPE still lacking. Based on public databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), we take an array of bioinformatics methods to investigate the potential oncogenic roles of CENPE. Then, we validated CENPE, cell cycle-related proteins, and immune checkpoint molecule findings expression in clinical colon cancer samples by western blot. Our results showed that CENPE was up-regulated in almost all tumors, and the expression level of CENPE was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients. The strong relationship between CENPE with gene mutation and MMR has also been validated. Moreover, CENPE gene expression was positively correlated with immune checkpoint molecular, and reversely correlated with infiltration levels of most immune cells. In the human colon cancer tissues, the expression of CENPE, cell cycle-related proteins, and immune checkpoint molecules were significantly higher than in the adjacent normal tissues. Our results indicated that CENPE can function as an oncogene in various cancers, and may be regarded as a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in cancer treatment.
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12
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Donker L, Godinho SA. Too close for comfort? Endomembranes promote missegregation by enclosing lost chromosomes. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202204114. [PMID: 35536317 PMCID: PMC9097545 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis is essential to prevent aneuploidy. In this issue, Ferrandiz et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202203021) show that endomembranes can promote chromosome missegregation by "ensheathing" misaligned chromosomes, preventing their integration into the metaphase plate. Their findings point toward endomembranes as a potential risk factor for aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Donker
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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CellDynaMo–stochastic reaction-diffusion-dynamics model: Application to search-and-capture process of mitotic spindle assembly. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010165. [PMID: 35657997 PMCID: PMC9200364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion-Dynamics Model (SRDDM) for simulations of cellular mechanochemical processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The SRDDM is mapped into the CellDynaMo package, which couples the spatially inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion master equation to account for biochemical reactions and molecular transport within the Langevin Dynamics (LD) framework to describe dynamic mechanical processes. This computational infrastructure allows the simulation of hours of molecular machine dynamics in reasonable wall-clock time. We apply SRDDM to test performance of the Search-and-Capture of mitotic spindle assembly by simulating, in three spatial dimensions, dynamic instability of elastic microtubules anchored in two centrosomes, movement and deformations of geometrically realistic centromeres with flexible kinetochores and chromosome arms. Furthermore, the SRDDM describes the mechanics and kinetics of Ndc80 linkers mediating transient attachments of microtubules to the chromosomal kinetochores. The rates of these attachments and detachments depend upon phosphorylation states of the Ndc80 linkers, which are regulated in the model by explicitly accounting for the reactions of Aurora A and B kinase enzymes undergoing restricted diffusion. We find that there is an optimal rate of microtubule-kinetochore detachments which maximizes the accuracy of the chromosome connections, that adding chromosome arms to kinetochores improve the accuracy by slowing down chromosome movements, that Aurora A and kinetochore deformations have a small positive effect on the attachment accuracy, and that thermal fluctuations of the microtubules increase the rates of kinetochore capture and also improve the accuracy of spindle assembly. The CellDynaMo package models, in 3D, any cellular subsystem where sufficient detail of the macromolecular players and the kinetics of relevant reactions are available. The package is based on the Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion-Dynamics model that combines the stochastic description of chemical kinetics, Brownian diffusion-based description of molecular transport, and Langevin dynamics-based representation of mechanical processes most pertinent to the system. We apply the model to test the Search-and-Capture mechanism of mitotic spindle assembly. We find that there is an optimal rate of microtubule-kinetochore detachments which maximizes the accuracy of chromosome connections, that chromosome arms improve the attachment accuracy by slowing down chromosome movements, that Aurora A kinase and kinetochore deformations have small positive effects on the accuracy, and that thermal fluctuations of the microtubules increase the rates of kinetochore capture and also improve the accuracy.
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14
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Iegiani G, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. Inhibiting microcephaly genes as alternative to microtubule targeting agents to treat brain tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:956. [PMID: 34663805 PMCID: PMC8523548 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) and gliomas are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors (HGBT) in children and adulthood, respectively. The general treatment for these tumors consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the improvement in patient survival, these therapies are only partially effective, and many patients still die. In the last decades, microtubules have emerged as interesting molecular targets for HGBT, as various microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been developed and tested pre-clinically and clinically with encouraging results. Nevertheless, these treatments produce relevant side effects since they target microtubules in normal as well as in cancerous cells. A possible strategy to overcome this toxicity could be to target proteins that control microtubule dynamics but are required by HGBT cells much more than in normal cell types. The genes mutated in primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) are ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, but under normal conditions are selectively required during brain development, in neural progenitors. There is evidence that MB and glioma cells share molecular profiles with progenitors of cerebellar granules and of cortical radial glia cells, in which MCPH gene functions are fundamental. Moreover, several studies indicate that MCPH genes are required for HGBT expansion. Among the 25 known MCPH genes, we focus this review on KNL1, ASPM, CENPE, CITK and KIF14, which have been found to control microtubule stability during cell division. We summarize the current knowledge about the molecular basis of their interaction with microtubules. Moreover, we will discuss data that suggest these genes are promising candidates as HGBT-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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15
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Ferreira LT, Maiato H. Prometaphase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:52-61. [PMID: 34127384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a metaphase plate in which all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle microtubules and aligned at the cell equator is required for faithful chromosome segregation in metazoans. The achievement of this configuration relies on the precise coordination between several concurrent mechanisms that start upon nuclear envelope breakdown, mediate chromosome capture at their kinetochores during mitotic spindle assembly and culminate with the congression of all chromosomes to the spindle equator. This period is called 'prometaphase'. Because the nature of chromosome capture by mitotic spindle microtubules is error prone, the cell is provided of error correction mechanisms that sense and correct most erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments before committing to separate sister chromatids in anaphase. In this review, aimed for newcomers in the field, more than providing an exhaustive mechanistic coverage of each and every concurrent mechanism taking place during prometaphase, we provide an integrative overview of these processes that ultimately promote the subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa T Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Barisic M, Rajendraprasad G, Steblyanko Y. The metaphase spindle at steady state - Mechanism and functions of microtubule poleward flux. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:99-117. [PMID: 34053864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is a bipolar cellular structure, built from tubulin polymers, called microtubules, and interacting proteins. This macromolecular machine orchestrates chromosome segregation, thereby ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material into the two daughter cells during cell division. Powered by GTP hydrolysis upon tubulin polymerization, the microtubule ends exhibit a metastable behavior known as the dynamic instability, during which they stochastically switch between the growth and shrinkage phases. In the context of the mitotic spindle, dynamic instability is furthermore regulated by microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, which enables the spindle to undergo profound changes during mitosis. This highly dynamic behavior is essential for chromosome capture and congression in prometaphase, as well as for chromosome alignment to the spindle equator in metaphase and their segregation in anaphase. In this review we focus on the mechanisms underlying microtubule dynamics and sliding and their importance for the maintenance of shape, structure and dynamics of the metaphase spindle. We discuss how these spindle properties are related to the phenomenon of microtubule poleward flux, highlighting its highly cooperative molecular basis and role in keeping the metaphase spindle at a steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yulia Steblyanko
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Subramonian D, Chen TA, Paolini N, Zhang XDD. Poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:855-873. [PMID: 33910471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1907509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO modification is required for the kinetochore localization of the kinesin-like motor protein CENP-E, which subsequently mediates the alignment of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sumoylation regulates CENP-E kinetochore localization are still unclear. In this study, we first elucidate that the kinetochore protein Nuf2 is not only required for CENP-E kinetochore localization but also preferentially modified by poly-SUMO-2/3 chains. In addition, poly-SUMO-2/3 modification of Nuf2 is significantly upregulated during mitosis, which is temporally correlated to the kinetochore localization of CENP-E during mitosis. We further show that the mitotic defects in CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression caused by global inhibition of sumoylation can be rescued by expressing a fusion protein between Nuf2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 for stimulating Nuf2 SUMO-2/3 modification. Moreover, the expression of another fusion protein between Nuf2 and three SUMO-2 moieties (SUMO-2 trimer), which mimics the trimeric SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2, can also rescue the mitotic defects due to global inhibition of sumoylation. Conversely, expressing the other forms of Nuf2-SUMO fusion proteins, which imitate Nuf2 modifications by SUMO-2/3 monomer, SUMO-2/3 dimer, and SUMO-1 trimer, respectively, cannot rescue the same mitotic defects. Lastly, compared to Nuf2, the fusion protein simulating the trimeric SUMO-2 chain-modified Nuf2 exhibits a significantly higher binding affinity to CENP-E wild type containing a functional SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) but not the CENP-E SIM mutant. Hence, our results support a model that poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis.Abbreviations: CENP-E, centromere-associated protein E; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; SIM, SUMO-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Te-An Chen
- Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Dong David Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Bloom CR, North BJ. Physiological relevance of post-translational regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:76. [PMID: 33892776 PMCID: PMC8066494 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BubR1 is an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) during mitosis where it functions to prevent anaphase onset to ensure proper chromosome alignment and kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Loss or mutation of BubR1 results in aneuploidy that precedes various potential pathologies, including cancer and mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA). BubR1 is also progressively downregulated with age and has been shown to be directly involved in the aging process through suppression of cellular senescence. Post-translational modifications, including but not limited to phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, play a critical role in the temporal and spatial regulation of BubR1 function. In this review, we discuss the currently characterized post-translational modifications to BubR1, the enzymes involved, and the biological consequences to BubR1 functionality and implications in diseases associated with BubR1. Understanding the molecular mechanisms promoting these modifications and their roles in regulating BubR1 is important for our current understanding and future studies of BubR1 in maintaining genomic integrity as well as in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia R Bloom
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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19
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Gama Braga L, Prifti DK, Garand C, Saini PK, Elowe S. A quantitative and semiautomated method for determining misaligned and lagging chromosomes during mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:880-891. [PMID: 33085580 PMCID: PMC8108530 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome alignment at metaphase facilitates the equal segregation of sister chromatids to each of the nascent daughter cells. Lack of proper metaphase alignment is an indicator of defective chromosome congression and aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachments which in turn promotes chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, hallmarks of cancer. Tools to sensitively, accurately, and quantitatively measure chromosome alignment at metaphase will facilitate understanding of the contribution of chromosome segregation errors to the development of aneuploidy. In this work, we have developed and validated a method based on analytical geometry to measure several indicators of chromosome misalignment. We generated semiautomated and flexible ImageJ2/Fiji pipelines to quantify kinetochore misalignment at metaphase plates as well as lagging chromosomes at anaphase. These tools will ultimately allow sensitive and systematic quantitation of these chromosome segregation defects in cells undergoing mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Gama Braga
- Programme en Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Diogjena Katerina Prifti
- Programme en Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar Saini
- Programme en Médicine moléculaire, Faculté de Médicine Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de réproduction, santé de la mère et de l’enfant, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Pédiatire, Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval et le Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
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20
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Lu J, Huang Y, Zhan L, Wang M, Xu L, Mullen M, Zang J, Fang G, Dou Z, Liu X, Liu W, Garcia-Barrio M, Yao X. AMPKα2 activation by an energy-independent signal ensures chromosomal stability during mitosis. iScience 2021; 24:102363. [PMID: 33898950 PMCID: PMC8059055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses energy status and impacts energy-consuming events by initiating metabolism regulatory signals in cells. Accumulating evidences suggest a role of AMPK in mitosis regulation, but the mechanism of mitotic AMPK activation and function remains elusive. Here we report that AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, is sequentially phosphorylated and activated by CDK1 and PLK1, which enables AMPKα2 to accurately guide chromosome segregation in mitosis. Phosphorylation at Thr485 by activated CDK1-Cyclin B1 brings the ST-stretch of AMPKα2 to the Polo box domain of PLK1 for subsequent Thr172 phosphorylation by PLK1. Inserting of the AMPKα2 ST-stretch into AMPKα1, which lacks the ST-stretch, can correct mitotic chromosome segregation defects in AMPKα2-depleted cells. These findings uncovered a specific signaling cascade integrating sequential phosphorylation by CDK1 and PLK1 of AMPKα2 with mitosis to maintain genomic stability, thus defining an isoform-specific AMPKα2 function, which will facilitate future research on energy sensing in mitosis. AMPKα2 is selectively activated during mitosis by CDK1 and PLK1 A conserved motif in AMPKα2 determines its interaction with and activation by PLK1 Mitotic AMPK activation contributes to maintain genomic stability in normal mitosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 Anhui, China
| | - Ming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - McKay Mullen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianye Zang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 Anhui, China
| | - Guowei Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author
| | | | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Corresponding author
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21
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Owa M, Dynlacht B. A non-canonical function for Centromere-associated protein-E controls centrosome integrity and orientation of cell division. Commun Biol 2021; 4:358. [PMID: 33742057 PMCID: PMC7979751 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is a kinesin motor localizing at kinetochores. Although its mitotic functions have been well studied, it has been challenging to investigate direct consequences of CENP-E removal using conventional methods because CENP-E depletion resulted in mitotic arrest. In this study, we harnessed an auxin-inducible degron system to achieve acute degradation of CENP-E. We revealed a kinetochore-independent role for CENP-E that removes pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) from centrosomes in late S/early G2 phase. After acute loss of CENP-E, centrosomal Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) localization is abrogated through accumulation of PCM1, resulting in aberrant phosphorylation and destabilization of centrosomes, which triggers shortened astral microtubules and oblique cell divisions. Furthermore, we also observed centrosome and cell division defects in cells from a microcephaly patient with mutations in CENPE. Orientation of cell division is deregulated in some microcephalic patients, and our unanticipated findings provide additional insights into how microcephaly can result from centrosomal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Iegiani G, Gai M, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. CENPE Inhibition Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe and DNA Damage in Medulloblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051028. [PMID: 33804489 PMCID: PMC7957796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective, since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. CENPE is a gene critical for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB cells are very similar to neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In MB cell lines, CENPE depletion induced defects in division and resulted in cell death. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, a specific inhibitor already in clinical trials for other cancer types. GSK923295 induced effects similar to CENPE depletion at low nM levels, supporting the idea that CENPE’s inhibition could be a viable strategy for MB treatment. Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in 25 different genes. Centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) heterozygous mutations cause the MCPH13 syndrome. As for other MCPH genes, CENPE is required for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB shares many molecular features with neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In ONS-76 and DAOY cells, CENPE knockdown induced mitotic defects and apoptosis. Moreover, CENPE depletion induced endogenous DNA damage accumulation, activating TP53 or TP73 as well as cell death signaling pathways. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, an allosteric inhibitor already in clinical trial for other cancer types. GSK923295, induced effects similar to CENPE depletion with higher penetrance, at low nM levels, suggesting that CENPE’s inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
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Shibuya A, Ogo N, Sawada JI, Asai A, Yokoyama H. Structure and comparison of the motor domain of centromere-associated protein E. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:280-287. [PMID: 33645531 PMCID: PMC7919405 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) plays an essential role in mitosis and is a target candidate for anticancer drugs. However, it is difficult to design small-molecule inhibitors of CENP-E kinesin motor ATPase activity owing to a lack of structural information on the CENP-E motor domain in complex with its inhibitors. Here, the CENP-E motor domain was crystallized in the presence of an ATP-competitive inhibitor and the crystal structure was determined at 1.9 Å resolution. In the determined structure, ADP was observed instead of the inhibitor in the nucleotide-binding site, even though no ADP was added during protein preparation. Structural comparison with the structures of previously reported CENP-E and those of other kinesins indicates that the determined structure is nearly identical except for several loop regions. However, the retention of ADP in the nucleotide-binding site of the structure strengthens the biochemical view that the release of ADP is a rate-limiting step in the ATPase cycle of CENP-E. These results will contribute to the development of anticancer drugs targeting CENP-E and to understanding the function of kinesin motor domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shibuya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sawada
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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24
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Leaving no-one behind: how CENP-E facilitates chromosome alignment. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:313-324. [PMID: 32347304 PMCID: PMC7475649 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome alignment and biorientation is essential for mitotic progression and genomic stability. Most chromosomes align at the spindle equator in a motor-independent manner. However, a subset of polar kinetochores fail to bi-orient and require a microtubule motor-based transport mechanism to move to the cell equator. Centromere Protein E (CENP-E/KIF10) is a kinesin motor from the Kinesin-7 family, which localizes to unattached kinetochores during mitosis and utilizes plus-end directed microtubule motility to slide mono-oriented chromosomes to the spindle equator. Recent work has revealed how CENP-E cooperates with chromokinesins and dynein to mediate chromosome congression and highlighted its role at aligned chromosomes. Additionally, we have gained new mechanistic insights into the targeting and regulation of CENP-E motor activity at the kinetochore. Here, we will review the function of CENP-E in chromosome congression, the pathways that contribute to CENP-E loading at the kinetochore, and how CENP-E activity is regulated during mitosis.
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25
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Steblyanko Y, Rajendraprasad G, Osswald M, Eibes S, Jacome A, Geley S, Pereira AJ, Maiato H, Barisic M. Microtubule poleward flux in human cells is driven by the coordinated action of four kinesins. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105432. [PMID: 33073400 PMCID: PMC7705458 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) undergo continuous poleward flux, whose driving force and function in humans remain unclear. Here, we combined loss-of-function screenings with analysis of MT-dynamics in human cells to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying MT-flux. We report that kinesin-7/CENP-E at kinetochores (KTs) is the predominant driver of MT-flux in early prometaphase, while kinesin-4/KIF4A on chromosome arms facilitates MT-flux during late prometaphase and metaphase. Both these activities work in coordination with kinesin-5/EG5 and kinesin-12/KIF15, and our data suggest that the MT-flux driving force is transmitted from non-KT-MTs to KT-MTs by the MT couplers HSET and NuMA. Additionally, we found that the MT-flux rate correlates with spindle length, and this correlation depends on the establishment of stable end-on KT-MT attachments. Strikingly, we find that MT-flux is required to regulate spindle length by counteracting kinesin 13/MCAK-dependent MT-depolymerization. Thus, our study unveils the long-sought mechanism of MT-flux in human cells as relying on the coordinated action of four kinesins to compensate for MT-depolymerization and regulate spindle length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Osswald
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Susana Eibes
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ariana Jacome
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of PathophysiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - António J Pereira
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Experimental Biology UnitDepartment of BiomedicineFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Marin Barisic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC)CopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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26
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She ZY, Yu KW, Wei YL, Zhong N, Lin Y. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates the formation and structural maintenance of the acrosome. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1167-1182. [PMID: 33237480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The acrosome is a special organelle that develops from the Golgi apparatus and the endolysosomal compartment in the spermatids. Centromere protein E (CENP-E) is an essential kinesin motor in chromosome congression and alignment. This study is aimed at investigating the roles and mechanisms of kinesin-7 CENP-E in the formation of the acrosome during spermatogenesis. Male ICR mice are injected with GSK923295 for long-term inhibition of CENP-E. Chemical inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of CENP-E are carried out in the GC-2 spd cells. The morphology of the acrosomes is determined by the HE staining, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We have identified CENP-E is a key factor in the formation and structural maintenance of the acrosome during acrosome biogenesis. Long-term inhibition of CENP-E by GSK923295 results in the asymmetric acrosome and the dispersed acrosome. CENP-E depletion leads to the malformation of the Golgi complex and abnormal targeting of the PICK1- and PIST-positive Golgi-associated vesicles. Our findings uncover an essential role of CENP-E in membrane trafficking and structural organization of the acrosome in the spermatids during spermatogenesis. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in vesicle trafficking and architecture maintenance of the acrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350011, Fujian, China.,Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
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27
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Rondelet A, Lin YC, Singh D, Porfetye AT, Thakur HC, Hecker A, Brinkert P, Schmidt N, Bendre S, Müller F, Mazul L, Widlund PO, Bange T, Hiller M, Vetter IR, Bird AW. Clathrin's adaptor interaction sites are repurposed to stabilize microtubules during mitosis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133599. [PMID: 31932847 PMCID: PMC7041688 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin ensures mitotic spindle stability and efficient chromosome alignment, independently of its vesicle trafficking function. Although clathrin localizes to the mitotic spindle and kinetochore fiber microtubule bundles, the mechanisms by which clathrin stabilizes microtubules are unclear. We show that clathrin adaptor interaction sites on clathrin heavy chain (CHC) are repurposed during mitosis to directly recruit the microtubule-stabilizing protein GTSE1 to the spindle. Structural analyses reveal that these sites interact directly with clathrin-box motifs on GTSE1. Disruption of this interaction releases GTSE1 from spindles, causing defects in chromosome alignment. Surprisingly, this disruption destabilizes astral microtubules, but not kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and chromosome alignment defects are due to a failure of chromosome congression independent of kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability. GTSE1 recruited to the spindle by clathrin stabilizes microtubules by inhibiting the microtubule depolymerase MCAK. This work uncovers a novel role of clathrin adaptor-type interactions to stabilize nonkinetochore fiber microtubules to support chromosome congression, defining for the first time a repurposing of this endocytic interaction mechanism during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rondelet
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Divya Singh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Harish C Thakur
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Hecker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pia Brinkert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Shweta Bendre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Mazul
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Per O Widlund
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tanja Bange
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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28
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Legal T, Hayward D, Gluszek-Kustusz A, Blackburn EA, Spanos C, Rappsilber J, Gruneberg U, Welburn JPI. The C-terminal helix of BubR1 is essential for CENP-E-dependent chromosome alignment. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246025. [PMID: 32665320 PMCID: PMC7473641 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell division, misaligned chromosomes are captured and aligned by motors before their segregation. The CENP-E motor is recruited to polar unattached kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. The spindle checkpoint protein BubR1 (also known as BUB1B) has been reported as a CENP-E interacting partner, but the extent to which BubR1 contributes to CENP-E localization at kinetochores has remained controversial. Here we define the molecular determinants that specify the interaction between BubR1 and CENP-E. The basic C-terminal helix of BubR1 is necessary but not sufficient for CENP-E interaction, and a minimal key acidic patch on the kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E is also essential. We then demonstrate that BubR1 is required for the recruitment of CENP-E to kinetochores to facilitate chromosome alignment. This BubR1-CENP-E axis is critical for alignment of chromosomes that have failed to congress through other pathways and recapitulates the major known function of CENP-E. Overall, our studies define the molecular basis and the function for CENP-E recruitment to BubR1 at kinetochores during mammalian mitosis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Legal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Agata Gluszek-Kustusz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
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29
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Liu X, Liu X, Wang H, Dou Z, Ruan K, Hill DL, Li L, Shi Y, Yao X. Phase separation drives decision making in cell division. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13419-13431. [PMID: 32699013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomolecules drives the formation of subcellular compartments with distinct physicochemical properties. These compartments, free of lipid bilayers and therefore called membraneless organelles, include nucleoli, centrosomes, heterochromatin, and centromeres. These have emerged as a new paradigm to account for subcellular organization and cell fate decisions. Here we summarize recent studies linking LLPS to mitotic spindle, heterochromatin, and centromere assembly and their plasticity controls in the context of the cell division cycle, highlighting a functional role for phase behavior and material properties of proteins assembled onto heterochromatin, centromeres, and central spindles via LLPS. The techniques and tools for visualizing and harnessing membraneless organelle dynamics and plasticity in mitosis are also discussed, as is the potential for these discoveries to promote new research directions for investigating chromosome dynamics, plasticity, and interchromosome interactions in the decision-making process during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haowei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Donald L Hill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Science, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale, Hefei, China; Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China.
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30
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She ZY, Yu KW, Zhong N, Xiao Y, Wei YL, Lin Y, Li YL, Lu MH. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates chromosome alignment and genome stability of spermatogenic cells. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:25. [PMID: 32351712 PMCID: PMC7171076 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-7 CENP-E is an essential kinetochore motor required for chromosome alignment and congression. However, the specific functions of CENP-E in the spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we find that CENP-E proteins are expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and the elongating spermatids. CENP-E inhibition by specific inhibitor GSK923295 results in the disruption of spermatogenesis and cell cycle arrest of spermatogenic cells. Both spermatogonia and spermatocytes are arrested in metaphase and several chromosomes are not aligned at the equatorial plate. We find that CENP-E inhibition leads to chromosome misalignment, the spindle disorganization, and the formation of the aneuploidy cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of CENP-E results in the defects in the formation of spermatids, including the sperm head condensation and the sperm tail formation. We have revealed that kinesin-7 CENP-E is essential for chromosome alignment and genome stability of the spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001 China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Provincial Children’s Hospital, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001 China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122 China
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31
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Vishwakarma R, McManus KJ. Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040824. [PMID: 32235397 PMCID: PMC7226245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Vishwakarma
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2833
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32
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Nellikka RK, Sreeja JS, Dharmapal D, John R, Monteiro A, Macedo JC, Conde C, Logarinho E, Sunkel CE, Sengupta S. α-Fodrin is required for the organization of functional microtubules during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2713-2726. [PMID: 31455186 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1656476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton protein α-fodrin plays a major role in maintaining structural stability of membranes. It was also identified as part of the brain γ-tubulin ring complex, the major microtubule nucleator. Here, we investigated the requirement of α-fodrin for microtubule spindle assembly during mitotic progression. We found that α-fodrin depletion results in abnormal mitosis with uncongressed chromosomes, leading to prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and a severe mitotic delay. Further, α-fodrin repression led to the formation of shortened spindles with unstable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. We also found that the mitotic kinesin CENP-E had reduced levels at kinetochores to likely account for the chromosome misalignment defects in α-fodrin-depleted cells. Importantly, we showed these cells to exhibit reduced levels of detyrosinated α-tubulin, which primarily drives CENP-E localization. Since proper microtubule dynamics and chromosome alignment are required for completion of normal mitosis, this study reveals an unforeseen role of α-fodrin in regulating mitotic progression. Future studies on these lines of observations should reveal important mechanistic insight for fodrin's involvement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Kumar Nellikka
- Cancer Research Program-III, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Jamuna S Sreeja
- Cancer Research Program-III, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Dhrishya Dharmapal
- Cancer Research Program-III, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Rince John
- Cancer Research Program-III, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | | | | | - Carlos Conde
- i3S-IBMC, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - Claudio E Sunkel
- i3S-IBMC, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Cancer Research Program-III, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, University of Kerala , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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33
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BubR1 phosphorylates CENP-E as a switch enabling the transition from lateral association to end-on capture of spindle microtubules. Cell Res 2019; 29:562-578. [PMID: 31201382 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, powered congression of those chromosomes, their segregation in anaphase, and assembly of a spindle midzone at mitotic exit. The centromere-associated kinesin motor CENP-E, whose binding partner is BubR1, has been implicated in congression of misaligned chromosomes and the transition from lateral kinetochore-microtubule association to end-on capture. Although previously proposed to be a pseudokinase, here we report the structure of the kinase domain of Drosophila melanogaster BubR1, revealing its folding into a conformation predicted to be catalytically active. BubR1 is shown to be a bona fide kinase whose phosphorylation of CENP-E switches it from a laterally attached microtubule motor to a plus-end microtubule tip tracker. Computational modeling is used to identify bubristatin as a selective BubR1 kinase antagonist that targets the αN1 helix of N-terminal extension and αC helix of the BubR1 kinase domain. Inhibition of CENP-E phosphorylation is shown to prevent proper microtubule capture at kinetochores and, surprisingly, proper assembly of the central spindle at mitotic exit. Thus, BubR1-mediated CENP-E phosphorylation produces a temporal switch that enables transition from lateral to end-on microtubule capture and organization of microtubules into stable midzone arrays.
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34
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Fonseca CL, Malaby HLH, Sepaniac LA, Martin W, Byers C, Czechanski A, Messinger D, Tang M, Ohi R, Reinholdt LG, Stumpff J. Mitotic chromosome alignment ensures mitotic fidelity by promoting interchromosomal compaction during anaphase. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1148-1163. [PMID: 30733233 PMCID: PMC6446859 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome alignment at the equator of the mitotic spindle is a highly conserved step during cell division; however, its importance to genomic stability and cellular fitness is not understood. Normal mammalian somatic cells lacking KIF18A function complete cell division without aligning chromosomes. These alignment-deficient cells display normal chromosome copy numbers in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that chromosome alignment is largely dispensable for maintenance of euploidy. However, we find that loss of chromosome alignment leads to interchromosomal compaction defects during anaphase, abnormal organization of chromosomes into a single nucleus at mitotic exit, and the formation of micronuclei in vitro and in vivo. These defects slow cell proliferation and are associated with impaired postnatal growth and survival in mice. Our studies support a model in which the alignment of mitotic chromosomes promotes proper organization of chromosomes into a single nucleus and continued proliferation by ensuring that chromosomes segregate as a compact mass during anaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Leslie A Sepaniac
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | - Dana Messinger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Mary Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
- The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Guo X, Dai X, Ni J, Ma X, Xue J, Wang X. Geraniin Differentially Modulates Chromosome Stability of Colon Cancer and Noncancerous Cells by Oppositely Regulating their Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:254-268. [PMID: 30403302 DOI: 10.1002/em.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geraniin has been reported to specifically induce apoptosis in multiple human cancers, but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance system to ensure high-fidelity chromosome segregation during mitosis. Weakening of SAC to enhance chromosome instability (CIN) can be therapeutic because very high levels of CIN are lethal. In this study, we have investigated the effects of geraniin on the SAC of colorectal cancer HCT116 cells and noncancerous colon epithelial CCD841 cells. We find that treatment of HCT116 cells with geraniin leads to dose-dependent decrease of cell proliferation, colony formation, and anchorage-independent growth. Geraniin is found to induce apoptosis in mitotic and postmitotic HCT116 cells. Furthermore, geraniin weakens the SAC function of HCT116 cells by decreasing the transcriptional expression of several SAC kinases (particularly Mad2 and Bub1), which in turn leads to premature anaphase entry, mitotic aberrations, and CIN in HCT116 cells. In contrast, the proliferation of CCD841 cells is slightly inhibited by geraniin. Even more interestingly, geraniin increases the transcriptional expression of several SAC kinases (e.g., Mad1 and BubR1) to strengthen SAC efficiency, which contributes to the reduction of mitotic aberrations and CIN in CCD841 cells. Altogether, our findings reveal that the SAC pathway in human colon cancer and noncancerous cell lineages responses oppositely to geraniin treatment, resulting CIN promotion and suppression, respectively. Specific abrogation of SAC to induce catastrophic CIN in HCT116 cells may account for the selective anticancer action of geraniin.. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:254-268, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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36
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Yu KW, Zhong N, Xiao Y, She ZY. Mechanisms of kinesin-7 CENP-E in kinetochore-microtubule capture and chromosome alignment during cell division. Biol Cell 2019; 111:143-160. [PMID: 30784092 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome congression is essential for faithful chromosome segregation and genomic stability in cell division. Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), a plus-end-directed kinesin motor, is required for congression of pole-proximal chromosomes in metaphase. CENP-E accumulates at the outer plate of kinetochores and mediates the kinetochore-microtubule capture. CENP-E also transports the chromosomes along spindle microtubules towards the equatorial plate. CENP-E interacts with Bub1-related kinase, Aurora B and core kinetochore components during kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In this review, we introduce the structures and mechanochemistry of kinesin-7 CENP-E. We highlight the complicated interactions between CENP-E and partner proteins during chromosome congression. We summarise the detailed roles and mechanisms of CENP-E in mitosis and meiosis, including the kinetochore-microtubule capture, chromosome congression/alignment in metaphase and the regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint. We also shed a light on the roles of CENP-E in tumourigenesis and CENP-E's specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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37
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Veneziano L, Barra V, Cilluffo D, Di Leonardo A. Proliferation of aneuploid cells induced by CENP-E depletion is counteracted by the p14 ARF tumor suppressor. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:149-158. [PMID: 30264192 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of chromosomes segregation. Reduced expression of some of its components weakens the SAC and induces chromosome instability and aneuploidy, which are both well-known hallmarks of cancer cells. Centromere protein-E (CENP-E) is a crucial component of the SAC and its function is to facilitate kinetochore microtubule attachment required to achieve and maintain chromosome alignment. The present study investigates the possible role of p14ARF as a controller of aneuploid cells proliferation. We used RNA interference to induce aneuploidy by partial depletion of CENP-E in human primary fibroblasts (IMR90) and in near diploid tumor cells (HCT116). In contrast to IMR90 aneuploid cell number, which was drastically reduced and leaned towards the WT condition, HCT116 aneuploid cell numbers were slightly decreased at later time points. This euploidy restoration was accompanied by increased p14ARF expression in IMR90 cells and followed ectopic p14ARF re-expression in p14ARF-null HCT116 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that hampering proliferation of aneuploid cells could be an additional role of the p14ARF tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Veneziano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8200, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy.
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38
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Ciossani G, Overlack K, Petrovic A, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Koerner C, Wohlgemuth S, Maffini S, Musacchio A. The kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F directly and specifically interact with distinct BUB mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10084-10101. [PMID: 29748388 PMCID: PMC6028960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of chromosomes during cell division relies on the function of the kinetochores, protein complexes that physically connect chromosomes with microtubules of the spindle. The metazoan proteins, centromere protein E (CENP-E) and CENP-F, are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores named the corona. Several of their features suggest that CENP-E and CENP-F are paralogs: they are very large (comprising ∼2700 and 3200 residues, respectively), contain abundant predicted coiled-coil structures, are C-terminally prenylated, and are endowed with microtubule-binding sites at their termini. Moreover, CENP-E contains an ATP-hydrolyzing motor domain that promotes microtubule plus end–directed motion. Here, we show that both CENP-E and CENP-F are recruited to mitotic kinetochores independently of the main corona constituent, the Rod/Zwilch/ZW10 (RZZ) complex. We identified specific interactions of CENP-F and CENP-E with budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1-related (BUBR1) mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases, respectively, paralogous proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint control and chromosome alignment. Whereas BUBR1 was dispensable for kinetochore localization of CENP-E, BUB1 was stringently required for CENP-F localization. Through biochemical reconstitution, we demonstrated that the CENP-E/BUBR1 and CENP-F/BUB1 interactions are direct and require similar determinants, a dimeric coiled-coil in CENP-E or CENP-F and a kinase domain in BUBR1 or BUB1. Our findings are consistent with the existence of structurally similar BUB1/CENP-F and BUBR1/CENP-E complexes, supporting the notion that CENP-E and CENP-F are evolutionarily related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciossani
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Katharina Overlack
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Carolin Koerner
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Stefano Maffini
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and .,the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany
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39
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Amin MA, McKenney RJ, Varma D. Antagonism between the dynein and Ndc80 complexes at kinetochores controls the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5755-5765. [PMID: 29475948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis require kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments that are mediated by the molecular motor dynein and the kMT-binding complex Ndc80. The Rod-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex is central to this coordination as it has an important role in dynein recruitment and has recently been reported to have a key function in the regulation of stable kMT attachments in Caenorhabditis elegans besides its role in activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the mechanism by which these protein complexes control kMT attachments to drive chromosome motility during early mitosis is still unclear. Here, using in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we observed that higher concentrations of Ndc80 inhibited dynein binding to MTs, providing evidence that Ndc80 and dynein antagonize each other's function. High-resolution microscopy and siRNA-mediated functional disruption revealed that severe defects in chromosome alignment induced by depletion of dynein or the dynein adapter Spindly are rescued by codepletion of the RZZ component Rod in human cells. Interestingly, rescue of the chromosome alignment defects was independent of Rod function in SAC activation and was accompanied by a remarkable restoration of stable kMT attachments. Furthermore, the chromosome alignment rescue depended on the plus-end-directed motility of centromere protein E (CENP-E) because cells codepleted of CENP-E, Rod, and dynein could not establish stable kMT attachments or align their chromosomes properly. Our findings support the idea that dynein may control the function of the Ndc80 complex in stabilizing kMT attachments directly by interfering with Ndc80-MT binding or indirectly by controlling the Rod-mediated inhibition of Ndc80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Dileep Varma
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
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40
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Ohashi A, Ohori M, Iwai K. Motor activity of centromere-associated protein-E contributes to its localization at the center of the midbody to regulate cytokinetic abscission. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79964-79980. [PMID: 27835888 PMCID: PMC5346764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of cytokinesis is critical for genomic stability to complete high-fidelity transmission of genetic material to the next generation. A number of proteins accumulate in the intercellular bridge (midbody) during cytokinesis, and the dynamics of these proteins are temporally and spatially orchestrated to complete the process. In this study, we demonstrated that localization of centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) at the midbody is involved in cytokinetic abscission. The motor activity of CENP-E and the C-terminal midbody localization domain, which includes amino acids 2659-2666 (RYFDNSSL), are involved in the anchoring of CENP-E to the center of the midbody. Furthermore, CENP-E motor activity contributes to the accumulation of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in the midbody during cytokinesis. Midbody localization of PRC1 is critical to the antiparallel microtubule structure and recruitment of other midbody-associated proteins. Therefore, CENP-E motor activity appears to play important roles in the organization of these proteins to complete cytokinetic abscission. Our findings will be helpful for understanding how each step of cytokinesis is regulated to complete cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
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41
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DeLuca KF, Meppelink A, Broad AJ, Mick JE, Peersen OB, Pektas S, Lens SMA, DeLuca JG. Aurora A kinase phosphorylates Hec1 to regulate metaphase kinetochore-microtubule dynamics. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:163-177. [PMID: 29187526 PMCID: PMC5748988 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201707160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments is essential for successful chromosome segregation. Central to this regulation is Aurora B kinase, which phosphorylates kinetochore substrates to promote microtubule turnover. A critical target of Aurora B is the N-terminal "tail" domain of Hec1, which is a component of the NDC80 complex, a force-transducing link between kinetochores and microtubules. Although Aurora B is regarded as the "master regulator" of kinetochore-microtubule attachment, other mitotic kinases likely contribute to Hec1 phosphorylation. In this study, we demonstrate that Aurora A kinase regulates kinetochore-microtubule dynamics of metaphase chromosomes, and we identify Hec1 S69, a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation target site in the Hec1 tail, as a critical Aurora A substrate for this regulation. Additionally, we demonstrate that Aurora A kinase associates with inner centromere protein (INCENP) during mitosis and that INCENP is competent to drive accumulation of the kinase to the centromere region of mitotic chromosomes. These findings reveal that both Aurora A and B contribute to kinetochore-microtubule attachment dynamics, and they uncover an unexpected role for Aurora A in late mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Amanda Meppelink
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Broad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Jeanne E Mick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Olve B Peersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sibel Pektas
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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42
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Zöllner SK, Selvanathan SP, Graham GT, Commins RMT, Hong SH, Moseley E, Parks S, Haladyna JN, Erkizan HV, Dirksen U, Hogarty MD, Üren A, Toretsky JA. Inhibition of the oncogenic fusion protein EWS-FLI1 causes G 2-M cell cycle arrest and enhanced vincristine sensitivity in Ewing's sarcoma. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/499/eaam8429. [PMID: 28974650 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a rare and highly malignant cancer that grows in the bones or surrounding tissues mostly affecting adolescents and young adults. A chimeric fusion between the RNA binding protein EWS and the ETS family transcription factor FLI1 (EWS-FLI1), which is generated from a chromosomal translocation, is implicated in driving most ES cases by modulation of transcription and alternative splicing. The small-molecule YK-4-279 inhibits EWS-FLI1 function and induces apoptosis in ES cells. We aimed to identify both the underlying mechanism of the drug and potential combination therapies that might enhance its antitumor activity. We tested 69 anticancer drugs in combination with YK-4-279 and found that vinca alkaloids exhibited synergy with YK-4-279 in five ES cell lines. The combination of YK-4-279 and vincristine reduced tumor burden and increased survival in mice bearing ES xenografts. We determined that independent drug-induced events converged to cause this synergistic therapeutic effect. YK-4-279 rapidly induced G2-M arrest, increased the abundance of cyclin B1, and decreased EWS-FLI1-mediated generation of microtubule-associated proteins, which rendered cells more susceptible to microtubule depolymerization by vincristine. YK-4-279 reduced the expression of the EWS-FLI1 target gene encoding the ubiquitin ligase UBE2C, which, in part, contributed to the increase in cyclin B1. YK-4-279 also increased the abundance of proapoptotic isoforms of MCL1 and BCL2, presumably through inhibition of alternative splicing by EWS-FLI1, thus promoting cell death in response to vincristine. Thus, a combination of vincristine and YK-4-279 might be therapeutically effective in ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K Zöllner
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saravana P Selvanathan
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ryan M T Commins
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sung Hyeok Hong
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Moseley
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sydney Parks
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jessica N Haladyna
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hayriye V Erkizan
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 3020, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Agarwal S, Varma D. Targeting mitotic pathways for endocrine-related cancer therapeutics. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T65-T82. [PMID: 28615236 PMCID: PMC5557717 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A colossal amount of basic research over the past few decades has provided unprecedented insights into the highly complex process of cell division. There is an ever-expanding catalog of proteins that orchestrate, participate and coordinate in the exquisite processes of spindle formation, chromosome dynamics and the formation and regulation of kinetochore microtubule attachments. Use of classical microtubule poisons has still been widely and often successfully used to combat a variety of cancers, but their non-selective interference in other crucial physiologic processes necessitate the identification of novel druggable components specific to the cell cycle/division pathway. Considering cell cycle deregulation, unscheduled proliferation, genomic instability and chromosomal instability as a hallmark of tumor cells, there lies an enormous untapped terrain that needs to be unearthed before a drug can pave its way from bench to bedside. This review attempts to systematically summarize the advances made in this context so far with an emphasis on endocrine-related cancers and the avenues for future progress to target mitotic mechanisms in an effort to combat these dreadful cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
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Guo X, Ni J, Xue J, Wang X. Extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa perturbs spindle assembly checkpoint, induces mitotic aberrations and genomic instability in human colon epithelial cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:163-171. [PMID: 28073664 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) has been used in China as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough and asthma for more than 2000 years. The antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of BFC have been reported before, nevertheless its toxicity and safety have not been documented. This study investigated the possible effects of BFC on spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), mitotic fidelity and genomic stability in human NCM460 colon epithelial cells. METHODS Cells were treated with BFC (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72h and harvested differently according to the biomarkers observed. Mitotic aberrations were assessed by the biomarkers of chromosome misalignment (CMA), chromosome lagging (CL) and chromatin bridge (CB). Frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud (NB) in cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay were used as indicators of genomic instability (GIN). SAC activity was determined by anaphase to metaphase ratio (AMR) and the expression of several SAC genes, including CENP-E, Mps1, Bub1, Mad-1, BubR1 and Mad-2. RESULTS Compared with the control, cells in BFC treated groups (80 and 160μg/ml) showed: 1) increased AMR (p<0.05), up-regulated expression of Mps1, Bub1 and Mad-1 (p<0.05) and down-regulated expression of CENP-E, BubR1 and Mad-2 (p<0.05); 2) increased frequencies of CMA, CL and CB (p<0.01); 3) increased incidences of MN and NB (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that BFC causes mitotic aberrations and GIN in human colon epithelial cells and these effects maybe the result of SAC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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XAB2 functions in mitotic cell cycle progression via transcriptional regulation of CENPE. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2409. [PMID: 27735937 PMCID: PMC5133980 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA)-binding protein 2 (XAB2) is a multi-functional protein that plays critical role in processes including transcription, transcription-coupled DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing, homologous recombination and mRNA export. Microarray analysis on gene expression in XAB2 knockdown cells reveals that many genes with significant change in expression function in mitotic cell cycle regulation. Fluorescence-activated cell scanner analysis confirmed XAB2 depletion led to cell arrest in G2/M phase, mostly at prophase or prometaphase. Live cell imaging further disclosed that XAB2 knockdown induced severe mitotic defects including chromosome misalignment and defects in segregation, leading to mitotic arrest, mitotic catastrophe and subsequent cell death. Among top genes down-regulated by XAB2 depletion is mitotic motor protein centrosome-associated protein E (CENPE). Knockdown CENPE showed similar phenotypes to loss of XAB2, but CENPE knockdown followed by XAB2 depletion did not further enhance cell cycle arrest. Luciferase assay on CENPE promoter showed that overexpression of XAB2 increased luciferase activity, whereas XAB2 depletion resulted in striking reduction of luciferase activity. Further mapping revealed a region in CENPE promoter that is required for the transcriptional regulation by XAB2. Moreover, ChIP assay showed that XAB2 interacted with CENPE promoter. Together, these results support a novel function of XAB2 in mitotic cell cycle regulation, which is partially mediated by transcription regulation on CENPE.
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Gene knockdown of CENPA reduces sphere forming ability and stemness of glioblastoma initiating cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepig.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Design and synthesis of fused bicyclic inhibitors targeting the L5 loop site of centromere-associated protein E. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4296-300. [PMID: 27476141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is a mitotic kinesin which plays roles in cell division, and is regarded as a promising therapeutic target for the next generation of anti-mitotic agents. We designed novel fused bicyclic CENP-E inhibitors starting from previous reported dihydrobenzofuran derivative (S)-(+)-1. Our design concept was to adjust the electron density distribution on the benzene ring of the dihydrobenzofuran moiety to increase the positive charge for targeting the negatively charged L5 loop of CENP-E, using predictions from electrostatic potential map (EPM) analysis. For the efficient synthesis of our 2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide derivatives, a new synthetic method was developed. As a result, we discovered 6-cyano-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide derivative (+)-5d (Compound A) as a potent CENP-E inhibitor with promising potential for in vivo activity. In this Letter, we discuss the design and synthetic strategy used in the discovery of (+)-5d and structure-activity relationships for its analogs possessing various fused bicyclic L5 binding moieties.
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Barisic M, Maiato H. Dynein prevents erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3356-61. [PMID: 26397382 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1089369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Equal distribution of the genetic material during cell division relies on efficient congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. Prior to their alignment, the Dynein motor recruited to kinetochores transports a fraction of laterally-attached chromosomes along microtubules toward the spindle poles. By doing that, Dynein not only contributes to chromosome movements, but also prevents premature stabilization of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This is achieved by 2 parallel mechanisms: 1) Dynein-mediated poleward movement of chromosomes counteracts opposite polar-ejection forces (PEFs) on chromosome arms by the microtubule plus-end-directed motors chromokinesins. Otherwise, they could stabilize erroneous syntelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments and lead to the random ejection of chromosomes away from the spindle poles; and 2) By transporting chromosomes to the spindle poles, Dynein brings the former to the zone of highest Aurora A kinase activity, further destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Thus, Dynein plays an important role in keeping chromosome segregation error-free by preventing premature stabilization of kinetochore-microtubule attachments near the spindle poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- a Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal.,b Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S; Universidade do Porto ; Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- a Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal.,b Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S; Universidade do Porto ; Portugal.,c Cell Division Unit ; Department of Experimental Biology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Porto ; Porto , Portugal
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50
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Phillips RK, Peter LG, Gilbert SP, Rayment I. Family-specific Kinesin Structures Reveal Neck-linker Length Based on Initiation of the Coiled-coil. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20372-86. [PMID: 27462072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1, -2, -5, and -7 generate processive hand-over-hand 8-nm steps to transport intracellular cargoes toward the microtubule plus end. This processive motility requires gating mechanisms to coordinate the mechanochemical cycles of the two motor heads to sustain the processive run. A key structural element believed to regulate the degree of processivity is the neck-linker, a short peptide of 12-18 residues, which connects the motor domain to its coiled-coil stalk. Although a shorter neck-linker has been correlated with longer run lengths, the structural data to support this hypothesis have been lacking. To test this hypothesis, seven kinesin structures were determined by x-ray crystallography. Each included the neck-linker motif, followed by helix α7 that constitutes the start of the coiled-coil stalk. In the majority of the structures, the neck-linker length differed from predictions because helix α7, which initiates the coiled-coil, started earlier in the sequence than predicted. A further examination of structures in the Protein Data Bank reveals that there is a great disparity between the predicted and observed starting residues. This suggests that an accurate prediction of the start of a coiled-coil is currently difficult to achieve. These results are significant because they now exclude simple comparisons between members of the kinesin superfamily and add a further layer of complexity when interpreting the results of mutagenesis or protein fusion. They also re-emphasize the need to consider factors beyond the kinesin neck-linker motif when attempting to understand how inter-head communication is tuned to achieve the degree of processivity required for cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Phillips
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and
| | - Logan G Peter
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and
| | - Susan P Gilbert
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Ivan Rayment
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and
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