1
|
Schutt KL, Queen KA, Fisher K, Budington O, Mao W, Liu W, Gu X, Xiao Y, Aswad F, Joseph J, Stumpff J. Identification of the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as a therapeutic target for chromosomally unstable tumor cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1328077. [PMID: 38410188 PMCID: PMC10896213 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1328077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The mitotic kinesin, KIF18A, is required for proliferation of cancer cells that exhibit chromosome instability (CIN), implicating it as a promising target for treatment of a subset of aggressive tumor types. Determining regions of the KIF18A protein to target for inhibition will be important for the design and optimization of effective small molecule inhibitors. Methods: In this study, we used cultured cell models to investigate the effects of mutating S284 within the alpha-4 helix of KIF18A, which was previously identified as a phosphorylated residue. Results: Mutations in S284 cause relocalization of KIF18A from the plus-ends of spindle microtubules to the spindle poles. Furthermore, KIF18A S284 mutants display loss of KIF18A function and fail to support proliferation in CIN tumor cells. Interestingly, similar effects on KIF18A localization and function were seen after treatment of CIN cells with KIF18A inhibitory compounds that are predicted to interact with residues within the alpha-4 helix. Conclusion: These data implicate the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as an effective target for inhibition and demonstrate that small molecules targeting KIF18A selectively limit CIN tumor cell proliferation and result in phenotypically similar effects on mitosis at the single cell level compared to genetic perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Katelyn A Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kira Fisher
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Olivia Budington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Apeiron Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Fred Aswad
- Apeiron Therapeutics, Burlingame, CA, United States
| | - James Joseph
- Apeiron Therapeutics, Burlingame, CA, United States
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the neck-linker of KIF18A alters Microtubule subpopulation preference. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar3. [PMID: 37903223 PMCID: PMC10881168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, posttranslational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to nonkinetochore microtubules at the periphery of the spindle. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker-like state that decreases KIF18A accumulation at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that posttranslational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schutt K, Queen KA, Fisher K, Budington O, Mao W, Liu W, Xiao Y, Aswad F, Joseph J, Stumpff J. Identification of the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as a therapeutic target for chromosomally unstable tumor cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.16.562576. [PMID: 37905069 PMCID: PMC10614886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic kinesin, KIF18A, is required for proliferation of cancer cells that exhibit chromosome instability (CIN), implicating it as a promising target for treatment of a subset of aggressive tumor types. Determining regions of the KIF18A protein to target for inhibition will be important for the design and optimization of effective small molecule inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the effects of mutating S284 within the alpha-4 helix of KIF18A, which was previously identified as a phosphorylated residue. Mutations in S284 cause relocalization of KIF18A from the plus-ends of spindle microtubules to the spindle poles. Furthermore, KIF18A S284 mutants display loss of KIF18A function and fail to support proliferation in CIN tumor cells. Interestingly, similar effects on KIF18A localization and function were seen after treatment of CIN cells with KIF18A inhibitory compounds that are predicted to interact with residues within the alpha-4 helix. These data implicate the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as an effective target for inhibition and demonstrate that small molecules targeting KIF18A selectively limit CIN tumor cell proliferation and result in phenotypically similar effects on mitosis at the single cell level compared to genetic perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Katelyn A Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Kira Fisher
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Olivia Budington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Apeiron Therapeutics, Shanghai, CN
| | | | | | | | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the Neck Linker of KIF18A Alters Microtubule Subpopulation Preference. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.02.539080. [PMID: 37205510 PMCID: PMC10187232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, post-translational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to peripheral microtubules. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker like state that prevents KIF18A from accumulating at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that post-translational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
- Current Institution: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson AF, Blackburn PR, Arons NS, Stevens SN, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Lian JB, Klee EW, Stumpff J. Pathogenic mutations in the chromokinesin KIF22 disrupt anaphase chromosome segregation. eLife 2022; 11:78653. [PMID: 35730929 PMCID: PMC9302971 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromokinesin KIF22 generates forces that contribute to mitotic chromosome congression and alignment. Mutations in the α2 helix of the motor domain of KIF22 have been identified in patients with abnormal skeletal development, and we report the identification of a patient with a novel mutation in the KIF22 tail. We demonstrate that pathogenic mutations do not result in a loss of KIF22’s functions in early mitosis. Instead, mutations disrupt chromosome segregation in anaphase, resulting in reduced proliferation, abnormal daughter cell nuclear morphology, and, in a subset of cells, cytokinesis failure. This phenotype could be explained by a failure of KIF22 to inactivate in anaphase. Consistent with this model, constitutive activation of the motor via a known site of phosphoregulation in the tail phenocopied the effects of pathogenic mutations. These results suggest that the motor domain α2 helix may be an important site for regulation of KIF22 activity at the metaphase to anaphase transition. In support of this conclusion, mimicking phosphorylation of α2 helix residue T158 also prevents inactivation of KIF22 in anaphase. These findings demonstrate the importance of both the head and tail of the motor in regulating the activity of KIF22 and offer insight into the cellular consequences of preventing KIF22 inactivation and disrupting force balance in anaphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Thompson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | | | - Noah S Arons
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Sarah N Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | | | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Eric W Klee
- Biomedical Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan Z, Solon A, Schutt K, Jepsen L, Haynes S, Nesvizhskii A, Sept D, Stumpff J, Ohi R, Cianfrocco M. Kinesin-binding protein remodels the kinesin motor to prevent microtubule-binding. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
7
|
Abstract
The chromokinesin KIF22 (Kid, kinesin-10 family) is the primary generator of polar ejection forces, which contribute to chromosome positioning and alignment in mitotic cells. Assessment of KIF22 function requires quantitative comparison of relative polar ejection forces between experimental conditions. This is facilitated by the generation of monopolar spindles to reduce the impact of bioriented microtubule attachment at kinetochores on chromosome positions and increase the dependence of chromosome positions on chromokinesin activity. Radial profile plots measure the intensity of chromatin signal in concentric circles around the poles of monopolar cells and represent an expedient quantitative measure of relative polar ejection forces. As such, this assay can be used to measure changes in polar ejection forces resulting from chromokinesin depletion or perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Thompson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sarah Vandal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solon AL, Tan Z, Schutt KL, Jepsen L, Haynes SE, Nesvizhskii AI, Sept D, Stumpff J, Ohi R, Cianfrocco MA. Kinesin-binding protein remodels the kinesin motor to prevent microtubule binding. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj9812. [PMID: 34797717 PMCID: PMC8604404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are regulated in space and time to ensure activation only in the presence of cargo. Kinesin-binding protein (KIFBP), which is mutated in Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome, binds to and inhibits the catalytic motor heads of 8 of 45 kinesin superfamily members, but the mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we used cryo–electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry to determine high-resolution structures of KIFBP alone and in complex with two mitotic kinesins, revealing structural remodeling of kinesin by KIFBP. We find that KIFBP remodels kinesin motors and blocks microtubule binding (i) via allosteric changes to kinesin and (ii) by sterically blocking access to the microtubule. We identified two regions of KIFBP necessary for kinesin binding and cellular regulation during mitosis. Together, this work further elucidates the molecular mechanism of KIFBP-mediated kinesin inhibition and supports a model in which structural rearrangement of kinesin motor domains by KIFBP abrogates motor protein activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April L. Solon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine L. Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sepaniac LA, Martin W, Dionne LA, Stearns TM, Reinholdt LG, Stumpff J. Micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable micronuclear envelopes and do not promote tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212637. [PMID: 34515734 PMCID: PMC8441830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei, whole or fragmented chromosomes spatially separated from the main nucleus, are associated with genomic instability and have been identified as drivers of tumorigenesis. Paradoxically, Kif18a mutant mice produce micronuclei due to asynchronous segregation of unaligned chromosomes in vivo but do not develop spontaneous tumors. We report here that micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable nuclear envelopes. Challenging Kif18a mutant mice via deletion of the Trp53 gene led to formation of thymic lymphoma with elevated levels of micronuclei. However, loss of Kif18a had modest or no effect on survival of Trp53 homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively. Micronuclei in cultured KIF18A KO cells form stable nuclear envelopes characterized by increased recruitment of nuclear envelope components and successful expansion of decondensing chromatin compared with those induced by nocodazole washout or radiation. Lagging chromosomes were also positioned closer to the main chromatin masses in KIF18A KO cells. These data suggest that not all micronuclei actively promote tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Sepaniac
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marquis C, Fonseca CL, Queen KA, Wood L, Vandal SE, Malaby HLH, Clayton JE, Stumpff J. Chromosomally unstable tumor cells specifically require KIF18A for proliferation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1213. [PMID: 33619254 PMCID: PMC7900194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of tumor cells caused by changes in the dynamics and control of microtubules that compromise the mitotic spindle. Thus, CIN cells may respond differently than diploid cells to treatments that target mitotic spindle regulation. Here, we test this idea by inhibiting a subset of kinesin motor proteins involved in mitotic spindle control. KIF18A is required for proliferation of CIN cells derived from triple negative breast cancer or colorectal cancer tumors but is not required in near-diploid cells. Following KIF18A inhibition, CIN tumor cells exhibit mitotic delays, multipolar spindles, and increased cell death. Sensitivity to KIF18A knockdown is strongly correlated with centrosome fragmentation, which requires dynamic microtubules but does not depend on bipolar spindle formation or mitotic arrest. Our results indicate the altered spindle microtubule dynamics characteristic of CIN tumor cells can be exploited to reduce the proliferative capacity of CIN cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Marquis
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Cindy L. Fonseca
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Katelyn A. Queen
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Lisa Wood
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Sarah E. Vandal
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Heidi L. H. Malaby
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Joseph E. Clayton
- grid.288134.40000 0004 0569 7230BioTek Instruments Inc, Winooski, VT USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cohen-Sharir Y, McFarland JM, Abdusamad M, Marquis C, Bernhard SV, Kazachkova M, Tang H, Ippolito MR, Laue K, Zerbib J, Malaby HLH, Jones A, Stautmeister LM, Bockaj I, Wardenaar R, Lyons N, Nagaraja A, Bass AJ, Spierings DCJ, Foijer F, Beroukhim R, Santaguida S, Golub TR, Stumpff J, Storchová Z, Ben-David U. Aneuploidy renders cancer cells vulnerable to mitotic checkpoint inhibition. Nature 2021; 590:486-491. [PMID: 33505028 PMCID: PMC8262644 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting of aneuploid cells is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment1. However, it is unclear whether aneuploidy generates any clinically relevant vulnerabilities in cancer cells. Here we mapped the aneuploidy landscapes of about 1,000 human cancer cell lines, and analysed genetic and chemical perturbation screens2-9 to identify cellular vulnerabilities associated with aneuploidy. We found that aneuploid cancer cells show increased sensitivity to genetic perturbation of core components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis10. Unexpectedly, we also found that aneuploid cancer cells were less sensitive than diploid cells to short-term exposure to multiple SAC inhibitors. Indeed, aneuploid cancer cells became increasingly sensitive to inhibition of SAC over time. Aneuploid cells exhibited aberrant spindle geometry and dynamics, and kept dividing when the SAC was inhibited, resulting in the accumulation of mitotic defects, and in unstable and less-fit karyotypes. Therefore, although aneuploid cancer cells could overcome inhibition of SAC more readily than diploid cells, their long-term proliferation was jeopardized. We identified a specific mitotic kinesin, KIF18A, whose activity was perturbed in aneuploid cancer cells. Aneuploid cancer cells were particularly vulnerable to depletion of KIF18A, and KIF18A overexpression restored their response to SAC inhibition. Our results identify a therapeutically relevant, synthetic lethal interaction between aneuploidy and the SAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Cohen-Sharir
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James M McFarland
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mai Abdusamad
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn Marquis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sara V Bernhard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserlautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany
| | - Mariya Kazachkova
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen Tang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marica R Ippolito
- Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Kathrin Laue
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Johanna Zerbib
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Irena Bockaj
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Lyons
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ankur Nagaraja
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Todd R Golub
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserlautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany
| | - Uri Ben-David
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Day C, Langfald A, Grigore F, Fadness S, Sepaniac L, Stumpff J, Vaughan K, Robinson J, Hinchcliffe E. DIPG-05. HISTONE H3.3 K27M IMPAIRS SER31 PHOSPHORYLATION, RESULTING IN CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY, LOSS OF CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINT CONTROL, AND TUMOR FORMATION. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715219 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas with the H3.3 K27M mutation are lethal brain tumors in children. H3 K27M causes global loss of Lys27 triple methylation (Lys27me3), inducing epigenetic reprograming. Here we show that H3.3 K27M also causes decreased H3.3 Ser31 phosphorylation on mitotic chromosomes. We show that H3.3 K27M DIPG cells have reduced pericentromeric phospho-Ser31 and increased rates of chromosome missegregation compared to normal, diploid human cells. CRISPR-editing K27M to M27K restored phospho-Ser31 to WT levels and dramatically decreased the rate of chromosome missegregation. We confirm that Chk1 is the H3.3 Ser31 kinase: K27M mutant H3.3 protein exhibits ~60% reduced Chk1 phosphorylation of Ser31 in vitro. Chk1 knockdown completely abolishes phospho-Ser31 in cells and these have increased rates of chromosome missegregation. In normal, diploid cells, expression of K27M or an S31A non-phosphorylatable mutant increased chromosome missegregation; this is suppressed by expressing a phosphomimetic double mutant (K27M/S31E) that restores phospho-Ser31. WT cells arrest following chromosome missegregation. However, cells expressing H3.3 K27M or S31A fail to arrest - despite having WT p53. Finally, we expressed H3F3AS31A and PDGFb in an RCAS/TVA mouse model of DIPG and ~80% developed diffuse high-grade brain tumors and show significantly decreased survival. Our results suggest that loss of phospho-Ser31 alone is oncogenic because H3.3 S31A-expressing cells are WT for K27me3. Our results demonstrate that H3.3 K27M inhibits Ser31 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo, leading to both chromosome missegregation and loss of subsequent G1 arrest – thus creating diffuse midline gliomas with both dynamic, complex karyotypes and epigenetic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Day
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Sela Fadness
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward Hinchcliffe
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Day C, Langfald A, Grigore F, Sepaniac L, Stumpff J, Vaughan K, Robinson J, Hinchcliffe E. CBIO-16. SUPPRESSION OF HISTONE H3.3 MITOTIC PHOSPHORYLATION DRIVES DEVELOPMENT OF H3K27M-MUTANT DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pediatric midline gliomas – including DIPG – are lethal brain tumors in children, with poor prognosis and limited treatment options that provide only short-term benefits. The majority have a lysine-to-methionine substitution at residue 27 (H3K27M) in genes expressing histone H3 – predominantly in the H3.3 variant. This causes a global reduction in H3 Lys27 tri-methylation (H3K27Me3), comprehensive epigenetic reprogramming, and is a key driver in gliomagenesis. We show that the H3.3K27M mutation also induces chromosome segregation defects, which in high-grade tumors, results in extensive copy number alterations (CNAs). Ser31 is one of five amino acid substitutions differentiating H3.3 from canonical H3.1. Mitotic phosphorylation of H3.3 Ser31 by Chk1 kinase is restricted to pericentromeric heterochromatin, where it plays a role in chromosome segregation. We show that the K27M mutation affects neighboring Ser31 phosphorylation and pericentromeric heterochromatin organization. We demonstrate that (i) H3.3 K27M protein is defective for Ser31 phosphorylation by Chk1 kinase in vitro; (ii) DIPG cell lines have significantly decreased mitotic Ser31 phosphorylation, and are chromosomally unstable; and (iii) CRISPR-reversion of H3.3K27M to Lys27 restores phospho-Ser31 (and Lys27 tri-methylation) and significantly decreases chromosome instability. Expression of H3.3K27M or non-phosphorylatable H3.3S31A mutants in WT cells results in chromosome missegregation; this is suppressed by co-expression of phospho-mimetic H3.3K27M/S31E. In normal cells, chromosome missegregation stimulates p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in G1 to prevent the proliferation of aneuploid daughters. However, cells expressing H3.3 K27M or S31A failed to arrest following missegregation - despite having WT p53. Finally, in a novel mouse model of glioma, mean survival of mice with tumors induced with H3.3K27M and H3.3S31A was 81 and 68 days: 100% of H3.3S31A mice developed high-grade tumors. H3.3 WT controls developed only low-grade tumors and all survived 100 days. H3.3S31A is WT for Lys27 tri-methylation and thus, loss of Ser31 phosphorylation alone is oncogenic.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bodrug T, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Nithianantham S, Thompson AF, Alfieri A, Gaska I, Major J, Debs G, Inagaki S, Gutierrez P, Gheber L, McKenney RJ, Sindelar CV, Milligan R, Stumpff J, Rosenfeld SS, Forth ST, Al-Bassam J. The kinesin-5 tail domain directly modulates the mechanochemical cycle of the motor domain for anti-parallel microtubule sliding. eLife 2020; 9:e51131. [PMID: 31958056 PMCID: PMC7015671 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motors organize mitotic spindles by sliding apart microtubules. They are homotetramers with dimeric motor and tail domains at both ends of a bipolar minifilament. Here, we describe a regulatory mechanism involving direct binding between tail and motor domains and its fundamental role in microtubule sliding. Kinesin-5 tails decrease microtubule-stimulated ATP-hydrolysis by specifically engaging motor domains in the nucleotide-free or ADP states. Cryo-EM reveals that tail binding stabilizes an open motor domain ATP-active site. Full-length motors undergo slow motility and cluster together along microtubules, while tail-deleted motors exhibit rapid motility without clustering. The tail is critical for motors to zipper together two microtubules by generating substantial sliding forces. The tail is essential for mitotic spindle localization, which becomes severely reduced in tail-deleted motors. Our studies suggest a revised microtubule-sliding model, in which kinesin-5 tails stabilize motor domains in the microtubule-bound state by slowing ATP-binding, resulting in high-force production at both homotetramer ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Elizabeth M Wilson-Kubalek
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyScripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Stanley Nithianantham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Alex F Thompson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of VermontBurlingtonUnited States
| | - April Alfieri
- Department of Biological SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUnited States
| | - Ignas Gaska
- Department of Biological SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUnited States
| | - Jennifer Major
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicLorainUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Garrett Debs
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and BiochemistryYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sayaka Inagaki
- Department of PharmacologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Pedro Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevNegevIsrael
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | | | - Ronald Milligan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyScripps Research InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of VermontBurlingtonUnited States
| | - Steven S Rosenfeld
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicLorainUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleUnited States
| | - Scott T Forth
- Department of Biological SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUnited States
| | - Jawdat Al-Bassam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Day C, Langfald A, Fadness S, Zykova T, Sepaniac L, Stumpff J, Dong Z, Vaughan K, Robinson J, Hinchcliffe E. PDTM-38. HISTONE H3.3 SER31 PHOSPHORYLATION REGULATES CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION AND CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINT CONTROL AND IS IMPAIRED IN PEDIATRIC GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) carries a signature mutation in histone H3.3 (K27M) that induces epigenetic reprogramming via suppressed Lys27 triple methylation (K27me3). H3.3 has a Ser at position 31, which is adjacent to the K27M DIPG mutation. H3.3 Ser31 is phosphorylated beginning in prophase. This phosphorylation is restricted to pericentromeric heterochromatin and becomes dephosphorylated in anaphase. Surprisingly, chromosome missegregation triggers Ser31 hyperphosphorylation on the lagging chromosome, and masking phosphoS31 prevents p53 accumulation; part of the G1 checkpoint response to aneuploidy. Whether the K27M mutation influences Ser31 phosphorylation, chromosome segregation or G1 checkpoint control is unknown. We show that K27M DIPG cells have reduced pericentromeric phosphoS31 and increased chromosome instability (CIN) compared to normal, diploid human cells. CRISPR-editing of K27M to M27K restored phosphoS31 to WT levels and dramatically decreased the rate of CIN. We also demonstrate that Chk1 is the H3.3 Ser31 kinase. S31A abolishes Ser31 phosphorylation by Chk1, while K27M reduces it by ~60% in vitro. Chk1 knockdown abolishes phosphoS31 in normal, diploid mitotic cells, and induces CIN. In normal, diploid cells, expression of S31A or K27M mutations increased chromosome missegregation, whereas cells expressing a phosphomimetic double mutant (K27M/S31E) divide normally. WT cells arrest following chromosome missegregation. Yet, normal cells expressing H3.3 K27M or S31A do not arrest - despite having wild-type p53. Finally, using RCAS/TVA, we expressed H3F3AS31A in the brains of BRAFV600E mice, and ~50% developed tumors, suggesting that loss of phosphoS31 alone is oncogenic. Importantly, H3.3 S31A-expressing cells are WT for K27me3. Our results demonstrate that expressing H3.3 K27M reduces the population of H3.3 that is phosphorylatable at Ser31, leading to chromosome missegregation and preventing G1 arrest – thus creating proliferating CIN cells. We propose that a single amino acid substitution drives oncogenesis of DIPG, at least impart, by triggering the evolution of complex karyotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Day
- Hormel Institute - U. of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Tatyana Zykova
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Zigang Dong
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | | - James Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fonseca CL, Malaby HLH, Sepaniac LA, Martin W, Byers C, Czechanski A, Messinger D, Tang M, Ohi R, Reinholdt LG, Stumpff J. Mitotic chromosome alignment ensures mitotic fidelity by promoting interchromosomal compaction during anaphase. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1148-1163. [PMID: 30733233 PMCID: PMC6446859 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The alignment of chromosomes at the center of the mitotic spindle is a highly conserved step during cell division. Fonseca et al. find that mammalian cells with alignment defects due to lack of KIF18A function display interchromosomal compaction problems during anaphase and form abnormal nuclei after cell division. Chromosome alignment at the equator of the mitotic spindle is a highly conserved step during cell division; however, its importance to genomic stability and cellular fitness is not understood. Normal mammalian somatic cells lacking KIF18A function complete cell division without aligning chromosomes. These alignment-deficient cells display normal chromosome copy numbers in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that chromosome alignment is largely dispensable for maintenance of euploidy. However, we find that loss of chromosome alignment leads to interchromosomal compaction defects during anaphase, abnormal organization of chromosomes into a single nucleus at mitotic exit, and the formation of micronuclei in vitro and in vivo. These defects slow cell proliferation and are associated with impaired postnatal growth and survival in mice. Our studies support a model in which the alignment of mitotic chromosomes promotes proper organization of chromosomes into a single nucleus and continued proliferation by ensuring that chromosomes segregate as a compact mass during anaphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Leslie A Sepaniac
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | - Dana Messinger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Mary Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN.,The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malaby HLH, Dumas ME, Ohi R, Stumpff J. Kinesin-binding protein ensures accurate chromosome segregation by buffering KIF18A and KIF15. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1218-1234. [PMID: 30709852 PMCID: PMC6446846 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-binding protein (KBP) is identified as a regulator of the kinesins KIF18A and KIF15 during mitosis. KBP buffers the activity of these motors to control chromosome alignment and spindle integrity in metaphase and prevent lagging chromosomes in anaphase. Mitotic kinesins must be regulated to ensure a precise balance of spindle forces and accurate segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. Here, we demonstrate that kinesin-binding protein (KBP) reduces the activity of KIF18A and KIF15 during metaphase. Overexpression of KBP disrupts the movement and alignment of mitotic chromosomes and decreases spindle length, a combination of phenotypes observed in cells deficient for KIF18A and KIF15, respectively. We show through gliding filament and microtubule co-pelleting assays that KBP directly inhibits KIF18A and KIF15 motor activity by preventing microtubule binding. Consistent with these effects, the mitotic localizations of KIF18A and KIF15 are altered by overexpression of KBP. Cells depleted of KBP exhibit lagging chromosomes in anaphase, an effect that is recapitulated by KIF15 and KIF18A overexpression. Based on these data, we propose a model in which KBP acts as a protein buffer in mitosis, protecting cells from excessive KIF18A and KIF15 activity to promote accurate chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Megan E Dumas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Malaby HL, Lessard DV, Berger CL, Stumpff J. KIF18A's neck linker permits navigation of microtubule-bound obstacles within the mitotic spindle. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800169. [PMID: 30655363 PMCID: PMC6337737 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF18A (kinesin-8) is required for mammalian mitotic chromosome alignment. KIF18A confines chromosome movement to the mitotic spindle equator by accumulating at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubule bundles (K-fibers), where it functions to suppress K-fiber dynamics. It is not understood how the motor accumulates at K-fiber plus-ends, a difficult feat requiring the motor to navigate protein dense microtubule tracks. Our data indicate that KIF18A's relatively long neck linker is required for the motor's accumulation at K-fiber plus-ends. Shorter neck linker (sNL) variants of KIF18A display a deficiency in accumulation at the ends of K-fibers at the center of the spindle. Depletion of K-fiber-binding proteins reduces the KIF18A sNL localization defect, whereas their overexpression reduces wild-type KIF18A's ability to accumulate on this same K-fiber subset. Furthermore, single-molecule assays indicate that KIF18A sNL motors are less proficient in navigating microtubules coated with microtubule-associated proteins. Taken together, these results support a model in which KIF18A's neck linker length permits efficient navigation of obstacles to reach K-fiber ends during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lh Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dominique V Lessard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christopher L Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou J, Chan J, Lambelé M, Yusufzai T, Stumpff J, Opresko PL, Thali M, Wallace SS. NEIL3 Repairs Telomere Damage during S Phase to Secure Chromosome Segregation at Mitosis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2044-2056. [PMID: 28854357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to telomere DNA compromises telomere integrity. We recently reported that the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 preferentially repairs oxidative lesions in telomere sequences in vitro. Here, we show that loss of NEIL3 causes anaphase DNA bridging because of telomere dysfunction. NEIL3 expression increases during S phase and reaches maximal levels in late S/G2. NEIL3 co-localizes with TRF2 and associates with telomeres during S phase, and this association increases upon oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies reveal that NEIL3 binds to single-stranded DNA via its intrinsically disordered C terminus in a telomere-sequence-independent manner. Moreover, NEIL3 is recruited to telomeres through its interaction with TRF1, and this interaction enhances the enzymatic activity of purified NEIL3. Finally, we show that NEIL3 interacts with AP Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and the long-patch base excision repair proteins PCNA and FEN1. Taken together, we propose that NEIL3 protects genome stability through targeted repair of oxidative damage in telomeres during S/G2 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jany Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marie Lambelé
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Markus Thali
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tracy KM, Tye CE, Ghule PN, Malaby HLH, Stumpff J, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Mitotically-Associated lncRNA (MANCR) Affects Genomic Stability and Cell Division in Aggressive Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:587-598. [PMID: 29378907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive breast cancer is difficult to treat as it is unresponsive to many hormone-based therapies; therefore, it is imperative to identify novel, targetable regulators of progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are important regulators in breast cancer and have great potential as therapeutic targets; however, little is known about how the majority of lncRNAs function within breast cancer. This study characterizes a novel lncRNA, MANCR (mitotically-associated long noncoding RNA; LINC00704), which is upregulated in breast cancer patient specimens and cells. Depletion of MANCR in triple-negative breast cancer cells significantly decreases cell proliferation and viability, with concomitant increases in DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis, based on RNA sequencing, following MANCR knockdown reveals significant differences in the expression of >2,000 transcripts, and gene set enrichment analysis identifies changes in multiple categories related to cell-cycle regulation. Furthermore, MANCR expression is highest in mitotic cells by both RT-qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Consistent with a role in cell-cycle regulation, MANCR-depleted cells have a lower mitotic index and higher incidences of defective cytokinesis and cell death. Taken together, these data reveal a role for the novel lncRNA, MANCR, in genomic stability of aggressive breast cancer, and identify it as a potential therapeutic target.Implications: The novel lncRNA, MANCR (LINC00704), is upregulated in breast cancer and is functionally linked with cell proliferation, viability, and genomic stability. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 587-98. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Prachi N Ghule
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The alignment of chromosomes during metaphase is a hallmark of mitosis. For this reason, chromosome alignment has served as an informative functional assay for evaluating mitotic fidelity. The common approach of quantifying the number of mitotic cells with unaligned chromosomes within a population has led to the identification of many proteins required for this conserved process. However, more sensitive assays are now required to dissect the complex molecular control of chromosome alignment. In this chapter, we describe a microscopy-based method for objectively quantifying the distribution of fluorescently labeled chromosomes within the mitotic spindle that can be used to evaluate the extent of chromosome alignment within individual mitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building, RM E217F, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building, RM E217F, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Czechanski A, Kim H, Byers C, Greenstein I, Stumpff J, Reinholdt LG. Kif18a is specifically required for mitotic progression during germ line development. Dev Biol 2015; 402:253-262. [PMID: 25824710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity in the developing germ line is strictly required for fecundity. In proliferating somatic cells and in germ cells, there are mitotic checkpoint mechanisms that ensure accurate chromosome segregation and euploidy. There is growing evidence of mitotic cell cycle components that are uniquely required in the germ line to ensure genome integrity. We previously showed that the primary phenotype of germ cell deficient 2 (gcd2) mutant mice is infertility due to germ cell depletion during embryogenesis. Here we show that the underlying mutation is a mis-sense mutation, R308K, in the motor domain of the kinesin-8 family member, KIF18A, a protein that is expressed in a variety of proliferative tissues and is a key regulator of chromosome alignment during mitosis. Despite the conservative nature of the mutation, we show that its functional consequences are equivalent to KIF18A deficiency in HeLa cells. We also show that somatic cells progress through mitosis, despite having chromosome alignment defects, while germ cells with similar chromosome alignment defects undergo mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Our data provide evidence for differential requirements for chromosome alignment in germ and somatic cells and show that Kif18a is one of a growing number of genes that are specifically required for cell cycle progression in proliferating germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Czechanski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Haein Kim
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Candice Byers
- The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Ian Greenstein
- The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Laura G Reinholdt
- The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Malaby HLH, Stumpff J. Microtubule recognition: a curvy attraction. Curr Biol 2014; 24:R998-1000. [PMID: 25442855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L H Malaby
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stumpff J, Ghule PN, Shimamura A, Stein JL, Greenblatt M. Spindle microtubule dysfunction and cancer predisposition. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1881-3. [PMID: 24905602 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation and spindle microtubule dynamics are strictly coordinated during cell division in order to preserve genomic integrity. Alterations in the genome that affect microtubule stability and spindle assembly during mitosis may contribute to genomic instability and cancer predisposition, but directly testing this potential link poses a significant challenge. Germ-line mutations in tumor suppressor genes that predispose patients to cancer and alter spindle microtubule dynamics offer unique opportunities to investigate the relationship between spindle dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Mutations in two such tumor suppressors, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS), affect multifunctional proteins that have been well characterized for their roles in Wnt signaling and interphase ribosome assembly, respectively. Less understood, however, is how their shared involvement in stabilizing the microtubules that comprise the mitotic spindle contributes to cancer predisposition. Here, we briefly discuss the potential for mutations in APC and SBDS as informative tools for studying the impact of mitotic spindle dysfunction on cellular transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Vermont Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Kif18A and Kif4A display a similar ability to attenuate the dynamics of microtubules but function to control the lengths of distinct subsets of spindle microtubules during mitosis. Kif18A and Kif4A are not functionally equivalent for chromosome alignment, and Kif18A's function in this process depends on its loop2 region. Microtubule length control is essential for the assembly and function of the mitotic spindle. Kinesin-like motor proteins that directly attenuate microtubule dynamics make key contributions to this control, but the specificity of these motors for different subpopulations of spindle microtubules is not understood. Kif18A (kinesin-8) localizes to the plus ends of the relatively slowly growing kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) and attenuates their dynamics, whereas Kif4A (kinesin-4) localizes to mitotic chromatin and suppresses the growth of highly dynamic, nonkinetochore microtubules. Although Kif18A and Kif4A similarly suppress microtubule growth in vitro, it remains unclear whether microtubule-attenuating motors control the lengths of K-fibers and nonkinetochore microtubules through a common mechanism. To address this question, we engineered chimeric kinesins that contain the Kif4A, Kif18B (kinesin-8), or Kif5B (kinesin-1) motor domain fused to the C-terminal tail of Kif18A. Each of these chimeric kinesins localizes to K-fibers; however, K-fiber length control requires an activity specific to kinesin-8s. Mutational studies of Kif18A indicate that this control depends on both its C-terminus and a unique, positively charged surface loop, called loop2, within the motor domain. These data support a model in which microtubule-attenuating kinesins are molecularly “tuned” to control the dynamics of specific subsets of spindle microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Kim
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Cindy Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bissonette S, Stumpff J. Quantifying Mitotic Chromosome Dynamics and Positioning. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1301-5. [PMID: 24683081 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bissonette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cunniff B, Snider GW, Fredette N, Stumpff J, Hondal RJ, Heintz NH. Resolution of oxidative stress by thioredoxin reductase: Cysteine versus selenocysteine. Redox Biol 2014; 2:475-84. [PMID: 24624337 PMCID: PMC3949094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX), which in turn reduces mammalian typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRXs 1-4), thiol peroxidases implicated in redox homeostasis and cell signaling. Typical 2-Cys PRXs are inactivated by hyperoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine to cysteine-sulfinic acid, and regenerated in a two-step process involving retro-reduction by sulfiredoxin (SRX) and reduction by TRX. Here transient exposure to menadione and glucose oxidase was used to examine the dynamics of oxidative inactivation and reactivation of PRXs in mouse C10 cells expressing various isoforms of TR, including wild type cytoplasmic TR1 (Sec-TR1) and mitochondrial TR2 (Sec-TR2) that encode selenocysteine, as well as mutants of TR1 and TR2 in which the selenocysteine codon was changed to encode cysteine (Cys-TR1 or Cys-TR2). In C10 cells endogenous TR activity was insensitive to levels of hydrogen peroxide that hyperoxidize PRXs. Expression of Sec-TR1 increased TR activity, reduced the basal cytoplasmic redox state, and increased the rate of reduction of a redox-responsive cytoplasmic GFP probe (roGFP), but did not influence either the rate of inactivation or the rate of retro-reduction of PRXs. In comparison to roGFP, which was reduced within minutes once oxidants were removed reduction of 2-Cys PRXs occurred over many hours. Expression of wild type Sec-TR1 or Sec-TR2, but not Cys-TR1 or TR2, increased the rate of reduction of PRXs and improved cell survival after menadione exposure. These results indicate that expression levels of TR do not reduce the severity of initial oxidative insults, but rather govern the rate of reduction of cellular factors required for cell viability. Because Sec-TR is completely insensitive to cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide, we suggest TR functions at the top of a redox pyramid that governs the oxidation state of peroxiredoxins and other protein factors, thereby dictating a hierarchy of phenotypic responses to oxidative insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gregg W. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas Fredette
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cunniff B, Benson K, Stumpff J, Newick K, Held P, Taatjes D, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B, Heintz NH. Mitochondrial-targeted nitroxides disrupt mitochondrial architecture and inhibit expression of peroxiredoxin 3 and FOXM1 in malignant mesothelioma cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:835-45. [PMID: 23018647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an intractable tumor of the peritoneal and pleural cavities primarily linked to exposure to asbestos. Recently, we described an interplay between mitochondrial-derived oxidants and expression of FOXM1, a redox-responsive transcription factor that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in solid malignancies. Here we have investigated the effects of nitroxides targeted to mitochondria via triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moieties on mitochondrial oxidant production, expression of FOXM1 and peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3), and cell viability in MM cells in culture. Both Mito-carboxy-proxyl (MCP) and Mito-TEMPOL (MT) caused dose-dependent increases in mitochondrial oxidant production that was accompanied by inhibition of expression of FOXM1 and PRX3 and loss of cell viability. At equivalent concentrations TPP, CP, and TEMPOL had no effect on these endpoints. Live cell ratiometric imaging with a redox-responsive green fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria (mito-roGFP) showed that MCP and MT, but not CP, TEMPOL, or TPP, rapidly induced mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling, morphological transitions that were associated with diminished ATP levels and increased production of mitochondrial oxidants. Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, did not rescue mitochondria from fragmentation by MCP. Immunofluorescence microscopy experiments indicate a fraction of FOXM1 coexists in the cytoplasm with mitochondrial PRX3. Our results indicate that MCP and MT inhibit FOXM1 expression and MM tumor cell viability via perturbations in redox homeostasis caused by marked disruption of mitochondrial architecture, and suggest that both compounds, either alone or in combination with thiostrepton or other agents, may provide credible therapeutic options for the management of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule-associated protein, is essential for neuronal migration, although a clear mechanistic understanding of this requirement remains elusive. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Bechstedt and Brouhard (2012) report that DCX relies on cooperative binding and an affinity for growing microtubule ends to nucleate and stabilize 13-protofilament microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stumpff J, Wagenbach M, Franck A, Asbury CL, Wordeman L. Kif18A and chromokinesins confine centromere movements via microtubule growth suppression and spatial control of kinetochore tension. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1017-29. [PMID: 22595673 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate is a signature of cell division in metazoan cells, yet the mechanisms controlling this process remain ambiguous. Here we use a combination of quantitative live-cell imaging and reconstituted dynamic microtubule assays to investigate the molecular control of mitotic centromere movements. We establish that Kif18A (kinesin-8) attenuates centromere movement by directly promoting microtubule pausing in a concentration-dependent manner. This activity provides the dominant mechanism for restricting centromere movement to the spindle midzone. Furthermore, polar ejection forces spatially confine chromosomes via position-dependent regulation of kinetochore tension and centromere switch rates. We demonstrate that polar ejection forces are antagonistically modulated by chromokinesins. These pushing forces depend on Kid (kinesin-10) activity and are antagonized by Kif4A (kinesin-4), which functions to directly suppress microtubule growth. These data support a model in which Kif18A and polar ejection forces synergistically promote centromere alignment via spatial control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stumpff J, Du Y, English CA, Maliga Z, Wagenbach M, Asbury CL, Wordeman L, Ohi R. A tethering mechanism controls the processivity and kinetochore-microtubule plus-end enrichment of the kinesin-8 Kif18A. Mol Cell 2011; 43:764-75. [PMID: 21884977 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Metaphase chromosome positioning depends on Kif18A, a kinesin-8 that accumulates at and suppresses the dynamics of K-MT plus ends. By engineering Kif18A mutants that suppress MT dynamics but fail to concentrate at K-MT plus ends, we identify a mechanism that allows Kif18A to accumulate at K-MT plus ends to a level required to suppress chromosome movements. Enrichment of Kif18A at K-MT plus ends depends on its C-terminal tail domain, while the ability of Kif18A to suppress MT growth is conferred by the N-terminal motor domain. The Kif18A tail contains a second MT-binding domain that diffuses along the MT lattice, suggesting that it tethers the motor to the MT track. Consistently, the tail enhances Kif18A processivity and is crucial for it to accumulate at K-MT plus ends. The heightened processivity of Kif18A, conferred by its tail domain, thus promotes concentration of Kif18A at K-MT plus ends, where it suppresses their dynamics to control chromosome movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mattison CP, Stumpff J, Wordeman L, Winey M. Mip1 associates with both the Mps1 kinase and actin, and is required for cell cortex stability and anaphase spindle positioning. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:783-93. [PMID: 21325884 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.5.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mps1 family of protein kinases contributes to cell cycle control by regulating multiple microtubule cytoskeleton activities. We have uncovered a new Mps1 substrate that provides a novel link between Mps1 and the actin cytoskeleton. We have identified a conserved human Mps1 (hMps1) interacting protein we have termed Mps1 interacting protein-1 (Mip1). Mip1 defines an uncharacterized family of conserved proteins that contain coiled-coil and calponin homology domains. We demonstrate that Mip1 is a phosphoprotein that interacts with hMps1 in vitro and in vivo and is a hMps1 substrate. Mip1 exhibits dynamic localization during the cell cycle; Mip1 localizes to the actin cytoskeleton during interphase, the spindle in early mitosis, and the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Mip1 function is required to ensure proper spindle positioning at the onset of anaphase after cells begin furrow ingression. Cells depleted of Mip1 exhibit aberrant mitotic actin filament organization, excessive membrane blebbing, dramatic spindle rocking, and chromosome distribution errors during early cytokinesis producing high numbers of binucleate cells. Our data indicate that Mip1 is a newly recognized component of the actin cytoskeleton that interacts with hMps1 and that it is essential to ensure proper segregation of the genome during cell cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Mattison
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Kinesin-8 family members function in microtubule length control and exhibit highly processive plus-end directed motility in conjunction with microtubule dissassembly activity. In a recent issue of Cell, Varga and colleagues describe how these two activities may be used to simultaneously measure and adjust the length of cellular microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics. University of Washington School of Medicine. Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Establishment of proper attachments between chromosomes and microtubules is essential for the accurate division of the genome. Two recent studies indicate that these attachments are facilitated by the geometry of chromosomes and the bipolar arrangement of spindle microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stumpff J, von Dassow G, Wagenbach M, Asbury C, Wordeman L. The kinesin-8 motor Kif18A suppresses kinetochore movements to control mitotic chromosome alignment. Dev Cell 2008; 14:252-62. [PMID: 18267093 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate cell division, chromosomes oscillate with periods of smooth motion interrupted by abrupt reversals in direction. These oscillations must be spatially constrained in order to align and segregate chromosomes with high fidelity, but the molecular mechanism for this activity is uncertain. We report here that the human kinesin-8 Kif18A has a primary role in the control of chromosome oscillations. Kif18A accumulates as a gradient on kinetochore microtubules in a manner dependent on its motor activity. Quantitative analyses of kinetochore movements reveal that Kif18A reduces the amplitude of preanaphase oscillations and slows poleward movement during anaphase. Thus, the microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif18A has the unexpected function of suppressing chromosome movements. Based on these findings, we propose a molecular model in which Kif18A regulates kinetochore microtubule dynamics to control mitotic chromosome positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosomes must become aligned at the equator of the mitotic spindle before segregation. Recent work suggests that a kinesin-8 motor uses a unique combination of activities to regulate this process.
Collapse
|
37
|
Stumpff J, Kellogg DR, Krohne KA, Su TT. Drosophila Wee1 interacts with members of the gammaTURC and is required for proper mitotic-spindle morphogenesis and positioning. Curr Biol 2006; 15:1525-34. [PMID: 16139207 PMCID: PMC3242738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wee1 kinases delay entry into mitosis by phosphorylating and inactivating cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). Loss of this activity in many systems, including Drosophila, leads to premature mitotic entry. RESULTS We report here that Drosophila Wee1 (dwee1) mutant embryos show mitotic-spindle defects that include ectopic foci of microtubule organization, formation of multipolar spindles from adjacent centrosome pairs, and promiscuous interactions between neighboring spindles. Furthermore, centrosomes are displaced from the embryo cortex in dwee1 mutants. These defects are not observed to the same extent in embryos in which nuclei also enter mitosis prematurely as a result of a lack of checkpoint control or in embryos with elevated Cdk1 activity. dWee1 physically interacts with members of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gammaTuRC), and gamma-tubulin is phosphorylated in a dwee1-dependent manner in embryo extracts. CONCLUSIONS Some of the abnormalities in dwee1 mutant embryos cannot be explained by premature entry into mitosis or bulk elevation of Cdk1 activity. Instead, dWee1 is also required for phosphorylation of gamma-tubulin, centrosome positioning, and mitotic-spindle integrity. We propose a model to account for these requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 347 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Douglas R. Kellogg
- Department of Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Kathleen A. Krohne
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 347 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 347 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stumpff J, Duncan T, Homola E, Campbell SD, Su TT. Drosophila Wee1 kinase regulates Cdk1 and mitotic entry during embryogenesis. Curr Biol 2005; 14:2143-8. [PMID: 15589158 PMCID: PMC3242732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the central regulators of the cell division cycle. Inhibitors of Cdks ensure proper coordination of cell cycle events and help regulate cell proliferation in the context of tissues and organs. Wee1 homologs phosphorylate a conserved tyrosine to inhibit the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Loss of Wee1 function in fission or budding yeast causes premature entry into mitosis. The importance of metazoan Wee1 homologs for timing mitosis, however, has been demonstrated only in Xenopus egg extracts and via ectopic Cdk1 activation . Here, we report that Drosophila Wee1 (dWee1) regulates Cdk1 via phosphorylation of tyrosine 15 and times mitotic entry during the cortical nuclear cycles of syncytial blastoderm embryos, which lack gap phases. Loss of maternal dwee1 leads to premature entry into mitosis, mitotic spindle defects, chromosome condensation problems, and a Chk2-dependent block of subsequent development, and then embryonic lethality. These findings modify previous models about cell cycle regulation in syncytial embryos and demonstrate that Wee1 kinases can regulate mitotic entry in vivo during metazoan development even in cycles that lack a G2 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347
| | - Tod Duncan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347
| | - Ellen Homola
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Shelagh D. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The canonical view of the mammalian cell cycle arose from studies of cultured cells rather than mutant organisms. It depicts the many complexes of cyclin and Cdk (cyclin/Cdk) as fulfilling unique and essential steps that dictate the sequential order of cell cycle events. Recent analyses of knockout mice challenge this view. Cdk2 and cyclin E, long thought to be essential, are largely dispensable. Here, we discuss the phenotypes of these and other cyclin/Cdk mutants in genetically tractable metazoa (mouse, fly, and nematode) and explore possible reasons behind similarities and differences among experimental systems and cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Tin Su
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The evolutionary advent of uterine support of embryonic growth in mammals is relatively recent. Nonetheless, striking differences in the earliest steps of embryogenesis make it difficult to draw parallels even with other chordates. We suggest that use of fertilization as a reference point misaligns the earliest stages and masks parallels that are evident when development is aligned at conserved stages surrounding gastrulation. In externally deposited eggs from representatives of all the major phyla, gastrulation is preceded by specialized extremely rapid cleavage cell cycles. Mammals also exhibit remarkably fast cell cycles in close association with gastrulation, but instead of beginning development with these rapid cycles, the mammalian egg first devotes itself to the production of extraembryonic structures. Previous attempts to identify common features of cleavage cycles focused on post-fertilization divisions of the mammalian egg. We propose that comparison to the rapid peri-gastrulation cycles is more appropriate and suggest that these cycles are related by evolutionary descent to the early cleavage stages of embryos such as those of frog and fly. The deferral of events in mammalian embryogenesis might be due to an evolutionary shift in the timing of fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H O'Farrell
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, GH-S372C Genentech Hall, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in unicellular systems have established that DNA damage by irradiation invokes a checkpoint that acts to stall cell division. During metazoan development, the modulation of cell division by checkpoints must occur in the context of gastrulation, differential gene expression and changes in cell cycle regulation. To understand the effects of checkpoint activation in a developmental context, we examined the effect of X-rays on post-blastoderm embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS In Drosophila, DNA damage was previously found to delay anaphase chromosome separation during cleavage cycles that lack a G2 phase. In post-blastoderm cycles that included a G2 phase, we found that irradiation delayed the entry into mitosis. Gastrulation and the developmental program of string (Cdc25) gene expression, which normally regulates the timing of mitosis, occurred normally after irradiation. The radiation-induced delay of mitosis accompanied the exclusion of mitotic cyclins from the nucleus. Furthermore, a mutant form of the mitotic kinase Cdk1 that cannot be inhibited by phosphorylation drove a mitotic cyclin into the nucleus and overcame the delay of mitosis induced by irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Developmental changes in the cell cycle, for example, the introduction of a G2 phase, dictate the response to checkpoint activation, for example, delaying mitosis instead of or in addition to delaying anaphase. This unprecedented finding suggests that different mechanisms are used at different points during metazoan development to stall cell division in response to checkpoint activation. The delay of mitosis in post-blastoderm embryos is due primarily to inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1, whereas nuclear exclusion of a cyclin-Cdk1 complex might play a secondary role. Delaying cell division has little effect on gastrulation and developmentally regulated string gene expression, supporting the view that development generally dictates cell proliferation and not vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Su
- Campus Box 0347, MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|