1
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Keller KE, Peters DM. Pathogenesis of glaucoma: Extracellular matrix dysfunction in the trabecular meshwork-A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:163-182. [PMID: 35037377 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork regulates aqueous humour outflow from the anterior chamber of the eye. It does this by establishing a tunable outflow resistance, defined by the interplay between cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) milieu, and the molecular interactions between ECM proteins. During normal tissue homeostasis, the ECM is remodelled and trabecular cell behaviour is modified, permitting increased aqueous fluid outflow to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) within a relatively narrow physiological pressure. Dysfunction in the normal homeostatic process leads to increased outflow resistance and elevated IOP, which is a primary risk factor for glaucoma. This review delineates some of the changes in the ECM that lead to gross as well as some more subtle changes in the structure and function of the ECM, and their impact on trabecular cell behaviour. These changes are discussed in the context of outflow resistance and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Donna M Peters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Stanislovas J, Kermorgant S. c-Met-integrin cooperation: Mechanisms, tumorigenic effects, and therapeutic relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994528. [PMID: 36330337 PMCID: PMC9624249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase which upon activation by its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, mediates many important signalling pathways that regulate cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Its oncogenic and tumorigenic signalling mechanisms, greatly contributing to cancer development and progression, are well documented. Integrins, heterogeneous adhesion receptors which facilitate cell-extracellular matrix interactions, are important in biomechanically sensitive cell adhesion and motility but also modulate diverse cell behaviour. Here we review the studies which reported cooperation between c-Met and several integrins, particularly β1 and β4, in various cell models including many tumour cell types. From the various experimental models and results analysed, we propose that c-Met-integrin cooperation occurs via inside-out or outside-in signalling. Thus, either c-Met activation triggers integrin activation and cell adhesion or integrin adhesion to its extracellular ligand triggers c-Met activation. These two modes of cooperation require the adhesive function of integrins and mostly lead to cell migration and invasion. In a third, less conventional, mode of cooperation, the integrin plays the role of a signalling adaptor for c-Met, independently from its adhesive property, leading to anchorage independent survival. Recent studies have revealed the influence of endocytic trafficking in c-Met-integrin cooperation including the adaptor function of integrin occurring on endomembranes, triggering an inside-in signalling, believed to promote survival of metastatic cells. We present the evidence of the cooperation in vivo and in human tissues and highlight its therapeutic relevance. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating c-Met-integrin cooperation in cancer progression could lead to the design of new therapies targeting this cooperation, providing more effective therapeutic approaches than c-Met or integrin inhibitors as monotherapies used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Stanislovas
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Mushtaq U, Bashir M, Nabi S, Khanday FA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins meet redox signaling through P66shc and Rac1. Cytokine 2021; 146:155625. [PMID: 34157521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the concerted role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and integrins in regulating Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through different signaling pathways. ROS as such are not always deleterious to the cells but they also act as signaling molecules, that regulates numerous indespensible physiological fuctions of life. Many adaptor proteins, particularly Shc and Grb2, are involved in mediating the downstream signaling pathways stimulated by EGFR and integrins. Integrin-induced activation of EGFR and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of a class of acceptor sites on EGFR leads to alignment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, PLCγ, the p85 subunit of PI-3 K, and Cbl, followed by activation of the downstream targets Erk and Akt/PKB. Functional interactions between these receptors result in the activation of Rac1 via these adaptor proteins, thereby leading to Reactive Oxygen Species. Both GF and integrin activation can produce oxidants independently, however synergistically there is increased ROS generation, suggesting a mutual cooperation between integrins and GFRs for redox signalling. The ROS produced further promotes feed-forward stimulation of redox signaling events such as MAPK activation and gene expression. This relationship has not been reviewed previously. The literature presented here can have multiple implications, ranging from looking at synergistic effects of integrin and EGFR mediated signaling mechanisms of different proteins to possible therapeutic interventions operated by these two receptors. Furthermore, such mutual redox regulation of crosstalk between EGFR and integrins not only add to the established models of pathological oxidative stress, but also can impart new avenues and opportunities for targeted antioxidant based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, JK 191201, India
| | - Muneesa Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Sumaiya Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India.
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4
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Inchanalkar S, Balasubramanian N. Adhesion-growth factor crosstalk regulates AURKB activation and ERK signalling in re-adherent fibroblasts. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Sarker FA, Prior VG, Bax S, O'Neill GM. Forcing a growth factor response - tissue-stiffness modulation of integrin signaling and crosstalk with growth factor receptors. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/23/jcs242461. [PMID: 33310867 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research throughout the 90s established that integrin crosstalk with growth factor receptors stimulates robust growth factor signaling. These insights were derived chiefly from comparing adherent versus suspension cell cultures. Considering the new understanding that mechanosensory inputs tune adhesion signaling, it is now timely to revisit this crosstalk in different mechanical environments. Here, we present a brief historical perspective on integrin signaling against the backdrop of the mechanically diverse extracellular microenvironment, then review the evidence supporting the mechanical regulation of integrin crosstalk with growth factor signaling. We discuss early studies revealing distinct signaling consequences for integrin occupancy (binding to matrix) and aggregation (binding to immobile ligand). We consider how the mechanical environments encountered in vivo intersect with this diverse signaling, focusing on receptor endocytosis. We discuss the implications of mechanically tuned integrin signaling for growth factor signaling, using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an illustrative example. We discuss how the use of rigid tissue culture plastic for cancer drug screening may select agents that lack efficacy in the soft in vivo tissue environment. Tuning of integrin signaling via external mechanical forces in vivo and subsequent effects on growth factor signaling thus has implications for normal cellular physiology and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana A Sarker
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria G Prior
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel Bax
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia .,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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6
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cell growth, motility, differentiation, and survival. These single-pass membrane proteins are grouped into subfamilies based on the similarity of their extracellular domains. They are generally thought to be activated by ligand binding, which promotes homodimerization and then autophosphorylation in trans. However, RTK interactions are more complicated, as RTKs can interact in the absence of ligand and heterodimerize within and across subfamilies. Here, we review the known cross-subfamily RTK heterointeractions and their possible biological implications, as well as the methodologies which have been used to study them. Moreover, we demonstrate how thermodynamic models can be used to study RTKs and to explain many of the complicated biological effects which have been described in the literature. Finally, we discuss the concept of the RTK interactome: a putative, extensive network of interactions between the RTKs. This RTK interactome can produce unique signaling outputs; can amplify, inhibit, and modify signaling; and can allow for signaling backups. The existence of the RTK interactome could provide an explanation for the irreproducibility of experimental data from different studies and for the failure of some RTK inhibitors to produce the desired therapeutic effects. We argue that a deeper knowledge of RTK interactome thermodynamics can lead to a better understanding of fundamental RTK signaling processes in health and disease. We further argue that there is a need for quantitative, thermodynamic studies that probe the strengths of the interactions between RTKs and their ligands and between different RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Paul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
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7
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Palchetti S, Caputo D, Digiacomo L, Capriotti AL, Coppola R, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G. Protein Corona Fingerprints of Liposomes: New Opportunities for Targeted Drug Delivery and Early Detection in Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E31. [PMID: 30650541 PMCID: PMC6358751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth cause of cancer-related mortality in the Western world and is envisaged to become the second cause by 2030. Although our knowledge about the molecular biology of PDAC is continuously increasing, this progress has not been translated into better patients' outcome. Liposomes have been used to circumvent concerns associated with the low efficiency of anticancer drugs such as severe side effects and damage of healthy tissues, but they have not resulted in improved efficacy as yet. Recently, the concept is emerging that the limited success of liposomal drugs in clinical practice is due to our poor knowledge of the nano⁻bio interactions experienced by liposomes in vivo. After systemic administration, lipid vesicles are covered by plasma proteins forming a biomolecular coating, referred to as the protein corona (PC). Recent studies have clarified that just a minor fraction of the hundreds of bound plasma proteins, referred to as "PC fingerprints" (PCFs), enhance liposome association with cancer cells, triggering efficient particle internalization. In this study, we synthesized a library of 10 liposomal formulations with systematic changes in lipid composition and exposed them to human plasma (HP). Size, zeta-potential, and corona composition of the resulting liposome⁻protein complexes were thoroughly characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), micro-electrophoresis, and nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC MS/MS). According to the recent literature, enrichment in PCFs was used to predict the targeting ability of synthesized liposomal formulations. Here we show that the predicted targeting capability of liposome⁻protein complexes clearly correlate with cellular uptake in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PANC-1) and insulinoma (INS-1) cells as quantified by flow-assisted cell sorting (FACS). Of note, cellular uptake of the liposomal formulation with the highest abundance of PCFs was much larger than that of Onivyde®, an Irinotecan liposomal drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015 for the treatment of metastatic PDAC. Given the urgent need of efficient nanocarriers for the treatment of PDAC, we envision that our results will pave the way for the development of more efficient PC-based targeted nanomaterials. Here we also show that some BCs are enriched with plasma proteins that are associated with the onset and progression of PDAC (e.g., sex hormone-binding globulin, Ficolin-3, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, etc.). This could open the intriguing possibility to identify novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Damiano Caputo
- Department of General Surgery, University Campus-Biomedico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Coppola
- Department of General Surgery, University Campus-Biomedico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri, Istituto Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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8
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HGF promotes HTR-8/SVneo cell migration through activation of MAPK/PKA signaling leading to up-regulation of WNT ligands and integrins that target β-catenin. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:11-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Souid S, Elsayed HE, Ebrahim HY, Mohyeldin MM, Siddique AB, Karoui H, El Sayed KA, Essafi-Benkhadir K. 13 1 -Oxophorbine protopheophorbide A from Ziziphus lotus as a novel mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor inhibitory lead for the control of breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1507-1524. [PMID: 29978911 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The failure of chemotherapy especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has been correlated with the overexpression of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) receptor. Thus, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling axis has gained considerable attention as a valid molecular target for breast cancer therapy. This study reports for the first time the discovery of the 131 -oxophorbines pheophorbide A and protopheophorbide A along with chlorophyllide A from Ziziphus lotus, an edible typical Tunisian plant, as the potent antiproliferative compounds against the human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Compared to other compounds, protopheophorbide A exerted the highest light-independent antiproliferative effect against the metastatic TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 6.5 μM). In silico, this compound targeted the kinase domain of multiple c-Met crystal structures. It potently inhibited the kinase domain phosphorylation of wild and mutant c-Met in Z-LYTE kinase assay. Protopheophorbide A inhibited HGF-induced downstream c-Met-dependent cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration through RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways modulation, ROS generation and activation of JNK and p38 pathways. Interestingly, this compound impaired the ability of the MDA-MB-231 cells to adhere at different extracellular matrix proteins by reducing the HGF-induced expression of integrins αv, β3, α2, and β1. Moreover, protopheophorbide A exhibited anti-migratory properties (IC50 = 2.2 μM) through impacting the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin, FAK, Brk, Rac, and Src proteins. Importantly, treatment with protopheophorbide A significantly inhibited the MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. Our results suggest that protopheophorbide A could be a novel c-Met inhibitory lead with promise to control c-Met/HGF-dependent breast malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Souid
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Habib Karoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Zhang X, Li X, Hua H, Wang A, Liu W, Li Y, Fu F, Shi Y, Sun K. Cyclic hexapeptide-conjugated nanoparticles enhance curcumin delivery to glioma tumor cells and tissue. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5717-5732. [PMID: 28848349 PMCID: PMC5557616 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma has one of the highest mortality rates among primary brain tumors. The clinical treatment for glioma is very difficult due to its infiltration and specific growth locations. To achieve improved drug delivery to a brain tumor, we report the preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs). The cyclic hexapeptide c(RGDf(N-me) VK)-C (cHP) has increased affinity for cells that overexpress integrins and was designed to target Cur-NPs to tumors. Functional polyethyleneglycol-modified poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) conjugated to cHP was synthesized, and targeted Cur-NPs were prepared using a self-assembly nanoprecipitation process. The physicochemical properties and the in vitro cytotoxicity, accuracy, and penetration capabilities of Cur-NPs targeting cells with high levels of integrin expression were investigated. The in vivo targeting and penetration capabilities of the NPs were also evaluated against glioma in rats using in vivo imaging equipment. The results showed that the in vitro cytotoxicity of the targeted cHP-modified curcumin nanoparticles (cHP/Cur-NPs) was higher than that of either free curcumin or non-targeted Cur-NPs due to the superior ability of the cHP/Cur-NPs to target tumor cells. The targeted cHP/Cur-NPs, c(RGDf(N-me)VK)-C-modified Cur-NPs, exhibited improved binding, uptake, and penetration abilities than non-targeting NPs for glioma cells, cell spheres, and glioma tissue. In conclusion, c(RGDf(N-me)VK)-C can serve as an effective targeting ligand, and cHP/Cur-NPs can be exploited as a potential drug delivery system for targeting gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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HGF/Met Signaling in Cancer Invasion: The Impact on Cytoskeleton Remodeling. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050044. [PMID: 28475121 PMCID: PMC5447954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and the vasculature is essential for tumor metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces cancer cell migration and invasion. A broad spectrum of mechanisms underlies cancer cell migration and invasion. Cytoskeletal reorganization is of central importance in the development of the phenotype of cancer cells with invasive behavior. Through their roles in cell mechanics, intracellular trafficking, and signaling, cytoskeleton proteins participate in all essential events leading to cell migration. HGF has been involved in cytoskeleton assembly and reorganization, and its role in regulating cytoskeleton dynamics is still expanding. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HGF in regulating cytoskeleton remodeling, distribution, and interactions.
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12
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Bianconi D, Unseld M, Prager GW. Integrins in the Spotlight of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122037. [PMID: 27929432 PMCID: PMC5187837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that bind to different extracellular ligands depending on their composition and regulate all processes which enable multicellular life. In cancer, integrins trigger and play key roles in all the features that were once described as the Hallmarks of Cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of integrins to these hallmarks, including uncontrolled and limitless proliferation, invasion of tumor cells, promotion of tumor angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis and resistance to growth suppressors, by highlighting the latest findings. Further on, given the paramount role of integrins in cancer, we will present novel strategies for integrin inhibition that are starting to emerge, promising a hopeful future regarding cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bianconi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Barrow-McGee R, Kishi N, Joffre C, Ménard L, Hervieu A, Bakhouche BA, Noval AJ, Mai A, Guzmán C, Robert-Masson L, Iturrioz X, Hulit J, Brennan CH, Hart IR, Parker PJ, Ivaska J, Kermorgant S. Beta 1-integrin-c-Met cooperation reveals an inside-in survival signalling on autophagy-related endomembranes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11942. [PMID: 27336951 PMCID: PMC4931016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins cooperate to stimulate cell migration and tumour metastasis. Here we report that an integrin influences signalling of an RTK, c-Met, from inside the cell, to promote anchorage-independent cell survival. Thus, c-Met and β1-integrin co-internalize and become progressively recruited on LC3B-positive 'autophagy-related endomembranes' (ARE). In cells growing in suspension, β1-integrin promotes sustained c-Met-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation on ARE. This signalling is dependent on ATG5 and Beclin1 but not on ATG13, suggesting ARE belong to a non-canonical autophagy pathway. This β1-integrin-dependent c-Met-sustained signalling on ARE supports anchorage-independent cell survival and growth, tumorigenesis, invasion and lung colonization in vivo. RTK-integrin cooperation has been assumed to occur at the plasma membrane requiring integrin 'inside-out' or 'outside-in' signalling. Our results report a novel mode of integrin-RTK cooperation, which we term 'inside-in signalling'. Targeting integrin signalling in addition to adhesion may have relevance for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Barrow-McGee
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Naoki Kishi
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Carine Joffre
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ludovic Ménard
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexia Hervieu
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bakhouche A. Bakhouche
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alejandro J. Noval
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anja Mai
- University of Turku, Centre for Biotechnology and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- University of Turku, Centre for Biotechnology and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Luisa Robert-Masson
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xavier Iturrioz
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - James Hulit
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ian R. Hart
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College School of Medicine, St Thomas Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- University of Turku, Centre for Biotechnology and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute—A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Rho CR, Park MY, Kang S. Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating (GM-CSF) Factor on Corneal Epithelial Cells in Corneal Wound Healing Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138020. [PMID: 26376304 PMCID: PMC4574106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that activates granulocyte and macrophage cell lineages. It is also known to have an important function in wound healing. This study investigated the effect of GM-CSF in wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). We used human GM-CSF derived from rice cells (rice cell-derived recombinant human GM-CSF; rhGM-CSF). An in vitro migration assay was performed to investigate the migration rate of HCECs treated with various concentrations of rhGM-CSF (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg/ml). MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the proliferative effect of rhGM-CSF. The protein level of p38MAPK was analyzed by western blotting. For in vivo analysis, 100 golden Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups, and their corneas were de-epithelialized with alcohol and a blade. The experimental groups were treated with 10, 20, or 50 μg/ml rhGM-CSF four times daily, and the control group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline. The corneal wound-healing rate was evaluated by fluorescein staining at the initial wounding and 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after epithelial debridement. rhGM-CSF accelerated corneal epithelial wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis revealed that rhGM-CSF treatment had no effects on HCEC proliferation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression level of phosphorylated p38MAPK increased with rhGM-CSF treatment. These findings indicate that rhGM-CSF enhances corneal wound healing by accelerating cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Rae Rho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-young Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zorzetto M, Ferrari S, Saracino L, Inghilleri S, Stella GM. MET genetic lesions in non-small-cell lung cancer: pharmacological and clinical implications. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:194-207. [PMID: 25806181 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death for solid tumors worldwide with an annual mortality of over one million. Lung carcinoma includes a series of different diseases which are roughly divided into two groups based on clinical and histo-pathological features: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for almost 80% of lung cancer diagnosis and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) responsible for the remaining 20%. The NSCLC molecular profile has been deeply investigated; alterations in several oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and transcription factors have been detected, mainly in adenocarcinomas. Dissection of such a complex scenario represents a still open challenge for both researchers and clinicians. MET, the receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), has been recently identified as a novel promising target in several human malignancies, including NSCLC. Deregulation of the HGF/MET signaling pathway can occur via different mechanisms, including HGF and/or MET overexpression, MET gene amplification, mutations or rearrangements. While the role of MET mutations in NSCLC is not yet fully understood, MET amplification emerged as a critical event in driving cell survival, with preclinical data suggesting that MET-amplified cell lines are exquisitely sensitive to MET inhibition. True MET amplification, which has been associated with poor prognosis in different retrospective series, is a relatively uncommon event in NSCLC, occurring in 1-7% of unselected cases. Nevertheless, in highly selected cohorts of patients, such as those harboring somatic mutations of EGFR with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MET amplification can be observed in up to 20% of cases. Preclinical data suggested that a treatment approach including a combination of EGFR and MET tyrosine kinases could be an effective strategy in this setting and led to the clinical investigation of multiple MET inhibitors in combination with anti-EGFR agents. Results from ongoing and future trials will clarify the role of anti-MET molecules for the treatment of NSCLC and will provide insights into the most appropriate timing for their use. The present review recapitulates the current knowledge on the role of MET signaling in NSCLC mainly focusing on its implications in molecular diagnostic approach and on the novel targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zorzetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Simona Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Simona Inghilleri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Giulia M Stella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
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16
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Baldanzi G, Graziani A. Physiological Signaling and Structure of the HGF Receptor MET. Biomedicines 2014; 3:1-31. [PMID: 28536396 PMCID: PMC5344233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "hepatocyte growth factor" also known as "scatter factor", is a multifunctional cytokine with the peculiar ability of simultaneously triggering epithelial cell proliferation, movement and survival. The combination of those proprieties results in the induction of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in target cells, fundamental for embryogenesis but also exploited by tumor cells during metastatization. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, MET, is a proto-oncogene and a prototypical transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Inhere we discuss the MET molecular structure and the hepatocyte growth factor driven physiological signaling which coordinates epithelial proliferation, motility and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Ruco L, Scarpino S. The Pathogenetic Role of the HGF/c-Met System in Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid. Biomedicines 2014; 2:263-274. [PMID: 28548071 PMCID: PMC5344270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes for Met protein, a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase identified as the high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that Met protein is intensely expressed in tumor cells of >95% cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma. High density of Met protein in tumor cells is the result of increased transcription of a normal MET gene, probably due to a combination of intracellular and extracellular signals. Over-expression of Met protein is more pronounced at the invading front of the tumor and can profoundly affect the tumorigenesis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. In fact, Met protein-positive papillary carcinoma cells are highly responsive to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is effective in stimulating tumor cell adhesion, migration and invasiveness. In addition, HGF stimulation of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (PTC) cells causes up-regulation of COX-2 and down-regulation of CD82/KAI-1; both these molecules have a major role in controlling tumor cell invasiveness. Finally, HGF stimulation of tumor cells may significantly affect the tumor microenvironment. In fact, HGF induces tumor cells to release chemokines active in the recruitment of dendritic cells, and is involved in regulating the production of proangiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ruco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scarpino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Hu X, Li N, Tao K, Fang X, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang H, Shi J, Wang Y, Ji P, Cai W, Bai X, Zhu X, Han J, Hu D. Effects of integrin ανβ3 on differentiation and collagen synthesis induced by connective tissue growth factor in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1323-34. [PMID: 25174803 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN2 is a matricellular protein that appears to be important in scar formation. CCN2 mediates the pro-fibrotic effects in hypertrophic scars (HTSs) through an unknown mechanism. However, many activities of CCN2 protein are known to be mediated by direct binding to integrin receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of integrin α(ν)β(3) in the differentiation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HTSFs) induced by CCN2. The levels of integrin α(ν)β(3) between normal skin and hypertrophic scar (HTS) tissues were compared, and integrin α(ν)β(3) was found to be upregulated in HTS. CCN2 was shown to induce HTSF differentiation and collagen (COL) synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels. Based on these results, the expression of integrin α(ν)β(3) was upregulated by CCN2 stimulation during HTSF differentiation. Blockade of integrin α(ν)β(3) prevented CCN2-induced HTSF differentiation and COL synthesis. Furthermore, the CCN2-induced increase in contractility of the HTSF in COL lattices was inhibited by integrin α(ν)β(3) blocking antibodies. HTSs were established in a rabbit ear model, and the inhibitor of integrin α(ν)β(3) significantly improved the architecture of the rabbit ear scar. Results of the present study showed that integrin α(ν)β(3) contributes to pro-fibrotic CCN2 signaling. Blocking this pathway may therefore be beneficial for the treatment of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yaojun Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiongxiang Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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19
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Higuchi M, Kihara R, Okazaki T, Aoki I, Suetsugu S, Gotoh Y. Akt1 promotes focal adhesion disassembly and cell motility through phosphorylation of FAK in growth factor-stimulated cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:745-55. [PMID: 23264741 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between spatial adhesion signals and temporal soluble signals is key in regulating cellular responses such as cell migration. Here we show that soluble growth factors enhance integrin signaling through Akt phosphorylation of FAK at Ser695 and Thr700. PDGF treatment or overexpression of active Akt1 in fibroblasts increased autophosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397, an essential event for integrin turnover and cell migration. Phosphorylation-defective mutants of FAK (S695A and T700A) underwent autophosphorylation at Tyr397 and promoted cell migration in response to the integrin ligand fibronectin, but importantly, not in response to PDGF. This study has unveiled a novel function of Akt as an 'ignition kinase' of FAK in growth factor signaling and may shed light on the mechanism by which growth factors regulate integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Higuchi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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20
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Kasaoka M, Ma J, Lashkari K. c-Met modulates RPE migratory response to laser-induced retinal injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40771. [PMID: 22808260 PMCID: PMC3396594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal laser injuries are often associated with aberrant migration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which can cause expansion of the scar beyond the confines of the original laser burn. In this study, we devised a novel method of laser-induced injury to the RPE layer in mouse models and began to dissect the mechanisms associated with pathogenesis and progression of laser-induced RPE injury. We have hypothesized that the proto-oncogene receptor, c-Met, is intimately involved with migration of RPE cells, and may be an early responder to injury. Using transgenic mouse models, we show that constitutive activation of c-Met induces more robust RPE migration into the outer retina of laser-injured eyes, while abrogation of the receptor using a cre-lox method reduces these responses. We also demonstrate that retinal laser injury increases expression of both HGF and c-Met, and activation of c-Met after injury is correlated with RPE cell migration. RPE migration may be responsible for clinically significant anatomic changes observed after laser injury. Abrogation of c-Met activity may be a therapeutic target to minimize retinal damage from aberrant RPE cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kasaoka
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jie Ma
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kameran Lashkari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Miyamoto K, Kobayashi T, Hayashi Y, Zhang Y, Hara Y, Higashine M, Shiraishi A, Ohashi Y. Involvement of stem cell factor and c-kit in corneal wound healing in mice. Mol Vis 2012; 18:1505-15. [PMID: 22736941 PMCID: PMC3381705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the roles played by stem cell factor (SCF) and SCF receptor c-kit in wound healing of corneal epithelial cells. METHODS A 2 mm corneal epithelial wound was made in control (WBB6F1(+/+)), SCF (Sl/Sl(d))-, and c-kit (W/W(v)) mutant mice, and the speed of wound healing, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphology of the corneas were examined. The incorporation of BrdU and the degree of cell attachment in cultured mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCECs) isolated from WBB6F1(+/+), Sl/Sl(d), and W/W(v) mice were examined. Cultured immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were examined by a cell attachment assay after their exposure to anti-SCF antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein), and competitive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, as well as on cultures treated with extracellular matrix. RESULTS The speed of corneal wound healing was slower in Sl/Sl(d) and W/W(v) mice than in controls (p<0.01) and the speed of healing in Sl/Sl(d) mice recovered after topical application of SCF (8 ng/ml). No significant difference was found in the BrdU incorporation assay either in vivo or in vitro. Loosened epithelial cells were detected at wound margins in W/W(v) mice by SEM. The cell attachment rate was increased by 157% in cells from WBB6F1(+/+) and 252% in Sl/Sl(d) MCECs by recombinant mouse SCF; however, no significant difference was found in W/W(v) MCECs. Anti-SCF antibodies (Ab), genistein, and RGD peptide reduced the percentage of attached HCECs. Anti-SCF Ab inhibited the attachment of HCECs on fibronectin, laminin, or type IV collagen coated dishes. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the SCF/c-kit system may play a role in corneal wound healing through epithelial cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Miyamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Regenerative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuko Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Higashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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22
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Chang MW, Lo JM, Juan HF, Chang HY, Chuang CY. Combination of RGD compound and low-dose paclitaxel induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37935. [PMID: 22655084 PMCID: PMC3360022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins are a family of transmembrane adhesion proteins that mediate cell adhesion and intracellular signaling. Integrin-αvβ3 is expressed on the surface of human glioblastoma cells, and can be further induced by chemical stress. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif-containing peptides are specifically bound to integrin-αvβ3, and to inhibit neovasculature underlying competition to normal extracellular matrix proteins. This study employed two types of RGD peptides, cyclic RGD (c(RGDyK)) and bi-cyclic RGD (E[c(RGDyK)]2) peptide, to human glioblastoma U87MG cells with combination of low dose Paclitaxel (PTX) pre-treatment to augment therapeutic activity for RGD peptide-induced apoptosis. Principal Findings Human glioblastoma U87MG cells were treated with RGD peptides in the absence or presence of initial exposure to low-dose 10 nM PTX. Results showed that integrin-αvβ3 expressing on the surface of U87MG cells was induced by 10 nM PTX pre-treatment for 12 hrs. Additionally, the U87MG cells pre-treated with PTX and followed by RGD peptides exhibited greater expression of caspases-3, -8 and -9 than those merely treated with single agent of PTX or RGD peptide. Furthermore, the caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitor presented significant protection against E[c(RGDyK)]2 peptide induced U87MG programmed cell death. The increased expression of PTX-induced integrin-αvβ3 was correlated with the enhanced apoptosis in U87MG cells. Conclusions This study provides a novel concept of targeting integrin-αvβ3 with RGD peptides in combination with low-dose PTX pre-treatment to improve efficiency in human glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Mau Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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The role of β3-integrins in tumor angiogenesis: context is everything. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011; 23:630-7. [PMID: 21565482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion molecules that play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. αvβ3-Integrin has received much attention as a potential anti-angiogenic target because it is upregulated in tumor-associated blood vessels. Agents targeting αvβ3-integrin are now showing some success in phase III clinical trails for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the exact function of this integrin in tumor angiogenesis is still relatively unknown. This review highlights some of the recent data illustrating that β3-integrins play both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic roles in tumor angiogenesis depending on the context. Specifically we will discuss how the following differentially influence β3-integrin's role in tumor angiogenesis: first, cell-matrix interactions, second, β3-integrin inhibitor doses, third, cell type, and fourth, other interacting molecules.
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Valdembri D, Sandri C, Santambrogio M, Serini G. Regulation of integrins by conformation and traffic: it takes two to tango. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2539-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Sen T, Chatterjee A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) downregulates EGF-induced MMP-9 in breast cancer cells: involvement of integrin receptor α5β1 in the process. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:465-78. [PMID: 21170718 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) is a transmembrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity activated mainly by ligand, EGF. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteinases that catalyses the destruction of ECM, among which MMP-9 has important role in tumor cell invasion. Secretion of MMP-9 is stimulated by a variety of factors, EGFR being significant. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol of green tea that inhibits cell proliferation and invasion. Here, we study the effect of EGFR alone and in collaboration with fibronectin on the status of MMP-9 in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and its molecular mechanism; study the role of EGCG on the induced MMP-9; and elucidate the signaling molecules involved in the process. METHODS We performed zymography, immunoblots, real-time RT-PCR, cell adhesion assay, siRNA studies, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay to demonstrate the findings. RESULT EGF induces MMP-9 activity and expression; FAK, PI3 K, and ERK are mainly involved in the process. EGF also causes the transactivation of MMP-9 gene by increasing the DNA binding activity of the transcription factors. EGCG downregulates EGF-induced MMP-9 expression by inhibiting the involved regulatory kinases. EGF collaborates with fibronectin to create a synergistic response, and EGCG inhibits the synergistic response in MDA-MB-231. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the requirement of cross talk between cell matrix adhesion molecules and growth factor receptors to improve biological responses and shows FAK/ERK as the pivotal point of this convergence in human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. We also establish EGCG as the potential anti-tumor agent in human breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triparna Sen
- Department of Receptor Biology & Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
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Vellón L, Royo F, Matthiesen R, Torres-Fuenzalida J, Lorenti A, Parada LA. Functional blockade of α5β1 integrin induces scattering and genomic landscape remodeling of hepatic progenitor cells. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:81. [PMID: 20958983 PMCID: PMC2967514 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell scattering is a physiological process executed by stem and progenitor cells during embryonic liver development and postnatal organ regeneration. Here, we investigated the genomic events occurring during this process induced by functional blockade of α5β1 integrin in liver progenitor cells. Results Cells treated with a specific antibody against α5β1 integrin exhibited cell spreading and scattering, over-expression of liver stem/progenitor cell markers and activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs signaling cascades, in a similar manner to the process triggered by HGF/SF1 stimulation. Gene expression profiling revealed marked transcriptional changes of genes involved in cell adhesion and migration, as well as genes encoding chromatin remodeling factors. These responses were accompanied by conspicuous spatial reorganization of centromeres, while integrin genes conserved their spatial positioning in the interphase nucleus. Conclusion Collectively, our results demonstrate that α5β1 integrin functional blockade induces cell migration of hepatic progenitor cells, and that this involves a dramatic remodeling of the nuclear landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Vellón
- Cytogenomics, CIC bioGUNE-CIBEREHD, Par, Tec, Bizkaia Ed, 801 A, 48160 - Derio, Spain
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The glycoprotein B disintegrin-like domain binds beta 1 integrin to mediate cytomegalovirus entry. J Virol 2010; 84:10026-37. [PMID: 20660204 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00710-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular integrins were identified as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) entry receptors and signaling mediators in both fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The goal of these studies was to determine the mechanism by which HCMV binds to cellular integrins to mediate virus entry. HCMV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) has sequence similarity to the integrin-binding disintegrin-like domain found in the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of proteins. To test the ability of this region to bind to cellular integrins, we generated a recombinant soluble version of the gB disintegrin-like domain (gB-DLD). The gB-DLD protein bound to human fibroblasts in a specific, dose-dependent and saturable manner that required the expression of an intact beta1 integrin ectodomain. Furthermore, a physical association between gB-DLD and beta1 integrin was demonstrated through in vitro pull-down assays. The function of this interaction was shown by the ability of cell-bound gB-DLD to efficiently block HCMV entry and the infectivity of multiple in vivo target cells. Additionally, rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against gB-DLD neutralized HCMV infection. Mimicry of the ADAM family disintegrin-like domain by HCMV gB represents a novel mechanism for integrin engagement by a virus and reveals a unique therapeutic target for HCMV neutralization. The strong conservation of the DLD across beta- and gammaherpesviruses suggests that integrin recognition and utilization may be a more broadly conserved feature throughout the Herpesviridae.
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Das SK. Regional development of uterine decidualization: molecular signaling by Hoxa-10. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:387-96. [PMID: 19921737 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Uterine decidualization, a key event in implantation, is critically controlled by stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the molecular mechanism that controls this event is not well understood, the general consensus is that the factors derived locally at the site of implantation influence aspects of decidualization. Hoxa-10, a developmentally regulated homeobox transcription factor, is highly expressed in decidualizing stromal cells, and targeted deletion of Hoxa-10 in mice shows severe decidualization defects, primarily due to the reduced stromal cell responsiveness to progesterone (P(4)). While the increased stromal cell proliferation is considered to be an initiator of decidualization, the establishment of a full-grown functional decidua appears to depend on the aspects of regional proliferation and differentiation. In this regard, this article provides an overview of potential signaling mechanisms mediated by Hoxa-10 that can influence a host of genes and cell functions necessary for propagating regional decidual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy K Das
- Reproductive Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Kippenberger S, Hofmann M, Zöller N, Thaçi D, Müller J, Kaufmann R, Bernd A. Ligation of beta4 integrins activates PKB/Akt and ERK1/2 by distinct pathways-relevance of the keratin filament. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:940-50. [PMID: 20307589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In normal epithelial cells hemidesmosomes mediate stable adhesion to the underlying basement membrane. In carcinoma cells a functional and spatial dissociation of the hemidesmosomal complex is observed stimulating the hypothesis that the beta4 integrin may trigger essential signalling cascades determining cell fate. In the present study we dissected the signalling pathways giving rise to PKB/Akt and ERK1/2 activation in response to beta4 ligation by 3E1. It was found that the activation of PKB/Akt is sensitive towards alterations of the keratin filament as demonstrated by using KEB-7 cells that carry a keratin mutation typical for epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Similar results were achieved by chemically induced keratin aggregations. Of note, the signalling to ERK1/2 was not affected. ERK1/2 activation utilizes an EGF-R transactivation mechanism as shown by dominant-negative expression experiments and also by treatment with a specific inhibitor (AG1478). Downstream from the EGF-R the activation of ERK1/2 takes the prototypical signalling cascade via Shc, Ras and Raf-1 as demonstrated by dominant-negative expression experiments. Taken together our data define a new model of beta4-dependent PKB/Akt and ERK1/2 activation demonstrating the keratin filament as a structure necessary in signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Caccavari F, Valdembri D, Sandri C, Bussolino F, Serini G. Integrin signaling and lung cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:124-9. [PMID: 20139694 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.1.10976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of most non small cell lung carcinomas is due to their ability to efficiently invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels, finally metastasizing to distant organs. Integrin mediated adhesive interaction with the surrounding extracellular matrix is a key limiting step in the regulation of the invasive properties of several cancer cell types. Here, we examine the rising evidences about the role that integrins can play in the physiopathology of non small cell lung carcinomas by regulating cell adhesion as well as the activation of growth factors and the traffic of their cognate receptors. Modulation of the signaling pathways controlled by integrins in lung cancer cells might offer the opportunity to design and develop new drugs that might be successfully combined with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caccavari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
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Somanath PR, Malinin NL, Byzova TV. Cooperation between integrin alphavbeta3 and VEGFR2 in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:177-85. [PMID: 19267251 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases and integrin receptors are known to be crucial for a number of cellular functions. On endothelial cells, an interaction between integrin alphavbeta3 and VEGFR2 seems to be particularly important process during vascularization. Importantly, the functional association between VEGFR2 and integrin alphavbeta3 is of reciprocal nature since each receptor is able to promote activation of its counterpart. This mutually beneficial relationship regulates a number of cellular activities involved in angiogenesis, including endothelial cell migration, survival and tube formation, and hematopoietic cell functions within vasculature. This article discusses several possible mechanisms reported by different labs which mediate formation of the complex between VEGFR-2 and alphavbeta3 on endothelial cells. The pathological consequences and regulatory events involved in this receptor cross-talk are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaningal R Somanath
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Pechkovsky DV, Scaffidi AK, Hackett TL, Ballard J, Shaheen F, Thompson PJ, Thannickal VJ, Knight DA. Transforming growth factor beta1 induces alphavbeta3 integrin expression in human lung fibroblasts via a beta3 integrin-, c-Src-, and p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:12898-908. [PMID: 18353785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708226200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta) stimulation, fibroblasts modify their integrin repertoire and adhesive capabilities to certain extracellular matrix proteins. Although TGFbeta has been shown to increase the expression of specific alphav integrins, the mechanisms underlying this are unknown. In this study we demonstrate that TGFbeta1 increased both beta3 integrin subunit mRNA and protein levels as well as surface expression of alphavbeta3 in human lung fibroblasts. TGFbeta1-induced alphavbeta3 expression was strongly adhesion-dependent and associated with increased focal adhesion kinase and c-Src kinase phosphorylation. Inhibition of beta3 integrin activation by the Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide motif-specific disintegrin echistatin or alphavbeta3 blocking antibody prevented the increase in beta3 but not beta5 integrin expression. In addition, echistatin inhibited TGFbeta1-induced p38 MAPK but not Smad3 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of the Src family kinases, but not focal adhesion kinase, completely abrogated TGFbeta1-induced expression of alphavbeta3 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not beta5 integrin expression and Smad3 activation. The TGFbeta1-induced alphavbeta3 expression was blocked by pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK- but not Smad2/3-, Sp1-, ERK-, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and NF-kappaB-dependent pathways. Our results demonstrate that TGFbeta1 induces alphavbeta3 integrin expression via a beta3 integrin-, c-Src-, and p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. These data identify a novel mechanism for TGFbeta1 signaling in human lung fibroblasts by which they may contribute to normal and pathological wound healing.
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Lin H, Wang X, Liu G, Fu J, Wang A. Expression of alphaV and beta3 integrin subunits during implantation in pig. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:1379-85. [PMID: 17440962 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrin are adhesion molecules involved in uterine-conceptus interactions during the perimplantation period. In this study, the expression of alphaV and beta3 integrin subunits in endometrium during implantation in pigs was investigated. The immunohistochemical location was performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and the mRNA expression of alphaV was detected in endometrium. In addition, serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured on Days 0, 12, 18, and 25 of pregnancy. The results indicate that endometrium expressed integrin alphaV and beta3 in all stages examined. The most intensive staining for integrin alphaV and beta3 was observed in endometrial stroma in porcine pregnancy on Day 18. The mRNA of alphaV integrin strongly expressed on Day 18, and moderately expressed on Days 12 and 25. The correlation between serum hormone level and the mRNA expression of alphaV integrin was not significant. The expression patterns of integrin alphaV and beta3 during implantation provide insights into the important physiological function of alphaVbeta3 integrin in pig, and the strong expression of integrin alphaV and beta3 in mid-implantation may indicate its crucial role in successful implantation and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Alam N, Goel HL, Zarif MJ, Butterfield JE, Perkins HM, Sansoucy BG, Sawyer TK, Languino LR. The integrin-growth factor receptor duet. J Cell Physiol 2007; 213:649-53. [PMID: 17886260 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion receptors, referred to as integrins, are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes including growth and differentiation. Integrins communicate with growth factor receptors (GFRs) to control specific cellular responses to stimuli originating in the extracellular environment. In this article, we review the role of integrins as molecular switches that modulate GFR activation and specificity. We also examine the reciprocal modulation of integrin functions by GFRs and the mechanisms through which those actions are fine-tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naved Alam
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Koria P, Andreadis ST. KGF promotes integrin alpha5 expression through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1020-31. [PMID: 17596295 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00169.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin are not expressed in normal skin but they are both highly upregulated in the migrating epidermis during wound healing. Here we report that KGF increased alpha(5) mRNA and protein levels in epidermoid carcinoma cells and stratified bioengineered epidermis. Interestingly, KGF increased integrin alpha(5) in the basal as well as suprabasal cell epidermal layers. Promoter studies indicated that KGF-induced integrin alpha(5) promoter activation was dependent on the C/EBP transcription factor binding site. Accordingly, KGF induced sustained phosphorylation of C/EBP-beta that was dependent on activation of ERK1/2. In addition, a dominant negative form of C/EBP-beta inhibited alpha(5) promoter activity and blocking C/EBP-beta with siRNA diminished integrin alpha(5) expression. Taken together, our data indicate that KGF increased integrin alpha(5) expression by phosphorylating C/EBP-beta. Interestingly, KGF-induced upregulation of integrin alpha(5) was more pronounced in three-dimensional tissue analogues than in conventional two-dimensional culture suggesting that stratified epidermis may be useful in understanding the effects of growth factors in the local tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Koria
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 908 Furnas Hall, Univ. at Buffalo, State Univ. of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA
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36
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Xu KP, Yu FSX. Cross talk between c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor during retinal pigment epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007. [PMID: 17460286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs06-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors sought to determine how hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cross talk in response to injury in human ARPE-19 cells. METHODS A scratch wound was made on a cell monolayer of ARPE-19 cells using a sequence-comb or a pipet tip, and it was allowed to heal in the presence or absence of HGF and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). The activation of EGFR was analyzed by immunoprecipitation with EGFR antibody, followed by Western blotting with phosphotyrosine-specific antibody. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT (a major substrate of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) was assessed by Western blotting. The release of c-Met ectodomain into the culture media was determined by Western blotting using an antibody against the extracellular region. Cell migration was assessed by Boyden chamber migration assay. RESULTS ARPE-19 cells underwent spontaneous wound healing in basal medium, and exogenously added HB-EGF and HGF significantly enhanced wound closure. Basal and growth factor-enhanced wound closures were attenuated but not slowed by hydroxyurea, a cell proliferation inhibitor. RPE cells expressed all four erbBs, and wounding induced EGFR transactivation and downstream ERK and PI3K phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. HGF also induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. The EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478 blocked wound- and HGF-stimulated EGFR transactivation and attenuated spontaneous and growth factor-induced wound closure. Wounding and EGFR ligands induced the release of c-Met into the culture media. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with HB-EGF impaired ARPE-19 migration toward HGF in a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-sensitive manner. CONCLUSIONS EGFR modulates HGF/c-Met activity by inducing c-Met ectodomain shedding, and HGF/c-Met transactivates EGFR, leading to an enhanced activation of downstream signaling pathways. Cross talk between EGFR and c-Met may play a key role in regulating RPE cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ping Xu
- Kresge Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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37
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Xu KP, Yu FSX. Cross talk between c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor during retinal pigment epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:2242-8. [PMID: 17460286 PMCID: PMC2215058 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors sought to determine how hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cross talk in response to injury in human ARPE-19 cells. METHODS A scratch wound was made on a cell monolayer of ARPE-19 cells using a sequence-comb or a pipet tip, and it was allowed to heal in the presence or absence of HGF and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). The activation of EGFR was analyzed by immunoprecipitation with EGFR antibody, followed by Western blotting with phosphotyrosine-specific antibody. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT (a major substrate of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) was assessed by Western blotting. The release of c-Met ectodomain into the culture media was determined by Western blotting using an antibody against the extracellular region. Cell migration was assessed by Boyden chamber migration assay. RESULTS ARPE-19 cells underwent spontaneous wound healing in basal medium, and exogenously added HB-EGF and HGF significantly enhanced wound closure. Basal and growth factor-enhanced wound closures were attenuated but not slowed by hydroxyurea, a cell proliferation inhibitor. RPE cells expressed all four erbBs, and wounding induced EGFR transactivation and downstream ERK and PI3K phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. HGF also induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. The EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478 blocked wound- and HGF-stimulated EGFR transactivation and attenuated spontaneous and growth factor-induced wound closure. Wounding and EGFR ligands induced the release of c-Met into the culture media. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with HB-EGF impaired ARPE-19 migration toward HGF in a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-sensitive manner. CONCLUSIONS EGFR modulates HGF/c-Met activity by inducing c-Met ectodomain shedding, and HGF/c-Met transactivates EGFR, leading to an enhanced activation of downstream signaling pathways. Cross talk between EGFR and c-Met may play a key role in regulating RPE cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ping Xu
- Kresge Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ye L, Peng L, Tan H, Zhou X. HGF enhanced proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp cells. J Endod 2006; 32:736-41. [PMID: 16861072 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is mesenchymal-derived growth factor acting through a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, c-met. HGF has multiple effects on different cells. However, its function in dentinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, the expression of HGF in human dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro was studied by immunostaining and RT-PCR. The effect of HGF on DPCs proliferation was determined by MTT, while its effect on cell differentiation was analyzed using ALPase activity, and further confirmed with ALP and DSPP mRNA and protein expression. Immunostaining revealed that HGF was found mainly in the cytoplasm of DPCs. RT-PCR analysis showed that both HGF and c-met were expressed from the DPCs. Exogenous addition of HGF enhanced proliferation and differentiation of DPCs by up-regulating CREB, ELK-1, and PPAR-gamma. U0126, an ERK/MAPK inhibitor, inhibited the effects of HGF on DPCs. It was concluded that HGF stimulated both proliferation and differentiation of DPCs, at least partially through the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Ulisse S, Baldini E, Toller M, Marchioni E, Giacomelli L, De Antoni E, Ferretti E, Marzullo A, Graziano FM, Trimboli P, Biordi L, Curcio F, Gulino A, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, D'Armiento M. Differential expression of the components of the plasminogen activating system in human thyroid tumour derived cell lines and papillary carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2631-8. [PMID: 16928445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We characterised the expression of the plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA), the uPA receptor (uPAR) and the PAs inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in human thyroid cell lines derived from normal thyroid, follicular adenoma, follicular, papillary and anaplastic carcinomas. Urokinase PA activity was detected in the supernatant of normal thyrocytes and augmented in those of all tumour cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 mRNAs increased in all carcinoma cells. Similar results were found in 13 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues which were mirrored in Western blot experiments. A correlation was found between tumour size and uPA mRNA increase, and higher levels of uPA and uPAR mRNAs were found in metastatic PTC. In conclusion, thyroid carcinoma cell lines and PTC overexpress uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 and the correlation of uPA and its cognate receptor with tumour size and metastasis may suggest their potential prognostic relevance in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100-L'Aquila, Italy
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Chan PC, Chen SY, Chen CH, Chen HC. Crosstalk between hepatocyte growth factor and integrin signaling pathways. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:215-23. [PMID: 16496226 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-9061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most types of normal cells require integrin-mediated attachment to extracellular matrix to be able to respond to growth factor stimulation for proliferation and survival. Therefore, a consensus that integrins are close collaborators with growth factors in signal transduction has gradually emerged. Some integrins and growth factor receptors appear to be normally in relatively close proximity, which can be induced to form complexes upon cell adhesion or growth factor stimulation. Moreover, since integrins and growth factor receptors share many common elements in their signaling pathways, it is clear tzhat there are many opportunities for integrin signals to modulate growth factor signals and vice versa. Increasing evidence indicates that integrins can crosstalk with receptor tyrosine kinases in a cell- and integrin-type-dependent manner through a variety of specific mechanisms. This review is intended specifically for summarizing recent progress uncovering how the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-Met coordinates with integrins to transmit signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chao Chan
- Department of Life Sciences and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Brandsma D, Ulfman L, Reijneveld JC, Bracke M, Taphoorn MJB, Zwaginga JJ, Gebbink MFB, de Boer H, Koenderman L, Voest EE. Constitutive integrin activation on tumor cells contributes to progression of leptomeningeal metastases. Neuro Oncol 2006; 8:127-36. [PMID: 16533879 PMCID: PMC1871936 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2005-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastases are a serious neurological complication in cancer patients and associated with a dismal prognosis. Tumor cells that enter the subarachnoid space adhere to the leptomeninges and form tumor deposits. It is largely unknown which adhesion molecules mediate tumor cell adhesion to leptomeninges. We studied the role of integrin expression and activation in the progression of leptomeningeal metastases. For this study, we used a mouse acute lymphocytic leukemic cell line that was grown in suspension (L1210-S cell line) to develop an adherent L1210 cell line (L1210-A) by selectively culturing the few adherent cells in the cell culture. beta1, beta2, and beta3 integrins were in a constitutively high active state on L1210-A cells and in a low, but inducible, active state on L1210-S cells. Expression levels of these integrins were comparable in the two cell lines. Static adhesion levels of L1210-A cells on a leptomeningeal cell layer were significantly higher than those of L1210-S cells. All mice that were injected intrathecally with L1210-A cells died rapidly of leptomeningeal leukemia. In contrast, 45% long-term survival was seen after intrathecal injection of mice with L1210-S cells. Our data indicate that constitutive integrin activation on leukemic cells promotes progression of leptomeningeal leukemia by increased tumor cell adhesion to the leptomeninges. We argue that an aberrantly regulated inside-out signaling pathway underlies constitutive integrin activation on the adherent leukemic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieta Brandsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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42
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Grimaldi C, Pisanti S, Laezza C, Malfitano AM, Santoro A, Vitale M, Caruso MG, Notarnicola M, Iacuzzo I, Portella G, Di Marzo V, Bifulco M. Anandamide inhibits adhesion and migration of breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:363-73. [PMID: 16343481 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system regulates cell proliferation in human breast cancer cells. We reasoned that stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors could induce a non-invasive phenotype in breast metastatic cells. In a model of metastatic spreading in vivo, the metabolically stable anandamide analogue, 2-methyl-2'-F-anandamide (Met-F-AEA), significantly reduced the number and dimension of metastatic nodes, this effect being antagonized by the selective CB1 antagonist SR141716A. In MDA-MB-231 cells, a highly invasive human breast cancer cell line, and in TSA-E1 cells, a murine breast cancer cell line, Met-F-AEA inhibited adhesion and migration on type IV collagen in vitro without modifying integrin expression: both these effects were antagonized by SR141716A. In order to understand the molecular mechanism involved in these processes, we analyzed the phosphorylation of FAK and Src, two tyrosine kinases involved in migration and adhesion. In Met-F-AEA-treated cells, we observed a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of both FAK and Src, this effect being attenuated by SR141716A. We propose that CB1 receptor agonists inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis by modulating FAK phosphorylation, and that CB1 receptor activation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to slow down the growth of breast carcinoma and to inhibit its metastatic diffusion in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arachidonic Acids/chemistry
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/chemistry
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocannabinoids
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Integrins/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Rimonabant
- Time Factors
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano (Sa), Italy
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43
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Riemenschneider MJ, Mueller W, Betensky RA, Mohapatra G, Louis DN. In situ analysis of integrin and growth factor receptor signaling pathways in human glioblastomas suggests overlapping relationships with focal adhesion kinase activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 167:1379-87. [PMID: 16251422 PMCID: PMC1603783 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated integrin signaling is common in cancers, including glioblastoma. Integrin binding and growth factor receptor signaling activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and subsequently up-regulate extracellular regulated kinases (ERK-1/2), leading to cell-cycle progression and cell migration. Most studies of this pathway have used in vitro systems or tumor lysate-based approaches. We examined these pathways primarily in situ using a panel of 30 glioblastomas and gene expression arrays, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, emphasizing the histological distribution of molecular changes. Within individual tumors, increased expression of FAK, p-FAK, paxillin, ERK-1/2, and p-ERK-1/2 occurred in regions of elevated EGFR and/or PDGFRA expression. Moreover, FAK activation levels correlated with EGFR and PDGFRA expression, and p-FAK and EGFR expression co-localized at the single-cell level. In addition, integrin expression was enriched in EGFR/PDGFRA-overexpressing areas but was more regionally confined than FAK, p-FAK, and paxillin. Integrins beta8 and alpha5beta1 were most commonly expressed, often in a perinecrotic or perivascular pattern. Taken together, our data suggest that growth factor receptor overexpression facilitates alterations in the integrin signaling pathway. Thus, FAK may act in glioblastoma as a downstream target of growth factor signaling, with integrins enhancing the impact of such signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, 149-7151, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Cristiani C, Rusconi L, Perego R, Schiering N, Kalisz HM, Knapp S, Isacchi A. Regulation of the Wild-Type and Y1235D Mutant Met Kinase Activation. Biochemistry 2005; 44:14110-9. [PMID: 16245927 DOI: 10.1021/bi051242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Met receptor tyrosine kinase plays a crucial role in the regulation of a large number of cellular processes and, when deregulated by overexpression or mutations, leads to tumor growth and invasion. The Y1235D mutation identified in metastases was shown to induce constitutive activation and a motile-invasive phenotype on transduced carcinoma cells. Wild-type Met activation requires phosphorylation of both Y1234 and Y1235 in the activation loop. We mapped the major phosphorylation sites in the kinase domain of a recombinant Met protein and identified the known residues Y1234 and Y1235 as well as a new phosphorylation site at Y1194 in the hinge region. Combining activating and silencing mutations at these sites, we characterized in depth the mechanism of activation of wild-type and mutant Met proteins. We found that the phosphotyrosine mimetic mutation Y1235D is sufficient to confer constitutive kinase activity, which is not influenced by phosphorylation at Y1234. However, the specific activity of this mutant was lower than that observed for fully activated wild-type Met and induced less phosphorylation of Y1349 in the signaling site, indicating that this mutation cannot entirely compensate for a phosphorylated tyrosine at this position. The Y1194F silencing mutation yielded an enzyme that could be activated to a similar extent as the wild type but with significantly slower activation kinetics, underlying the importance of this residue, which is conserved among different tyrosine kinase receptors. Finally, we observed different interactions of wild-type and mutant Met with the inhibitor K252a that may have therapeutic implications for the selective inhibition of this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cristiani
- Biology Department, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milan, Italy.
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45
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Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the Met protein tyrosine kinase, form a classic ligand-receptor system for epithelial-mesenchymal communications in the normal and cancerous prostate. This review illustrates the expression and activities of HGF/SF and Met during prostate development, homeostasis, and carcinogenesis. The participation of HGF/SF in the morphogenetic program of rodent prostate development, the role of Met in normal human prostate epithelium, and underlying mechanisms of deregulated Met expression in localized and metastatic prostate cancer are discussed. On the basis of the commonly observed overexpression of Met in metastatic prostate cancer, HGF/SF-Met-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents can now be applied toward diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S Knudsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98125, USA
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46
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Clemmons DR, Maile LA. Interaction between insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and alphaVbeta3 integrin linked signaling pathways: cellular responses to changes in multiple signaling inputs. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 19:1-11. [PMID: 15528274 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate cell attachment to extracellular matrix, migration, division, and inhibition of apoptosis. Because growth factors are also important for these processes, there has been interest in cooperative signaling between growth factor receptors and integrins. IGF-I is an important growth factor for vascular cells. One integrin, alphaVbeta3, that is expressed in smooth muscle cells modulates IGF-I actions. Ligand occupancy of alphaVbeta3 is required for IGF-I to stimulate cell migration and division. Src homology 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) is a tyrosine phosphatase whose recruitment to signaling molecules is stimulated by growth factors including IGF-I. If alphaVbeta3 ligand occupancy is inhibited, there is no recruitment of SHP-2 to alphaVbeta3 and its transfer to downstream signaling molecules is blocked. Ligand occupancy of alphaVbeta3 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta3-subunit, resulting in recruitment of SHP-2. This transfer is mediated by an insulin receptor substrate-1-related protein termed DOK-1. Subsequently, SHP-2 is transferred to another transmembrane protein, SHPS-1. This transfer requires IGF-I receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPS-1, which contains two YXXL motifs that mediate SHP-2 binding. The transfer of SHP-2 to SHPS-1 is also required for recruitment of Shc to SHPS-1. Ligand occupancy of alphaVbeta3 results in sustained Shc phosphorylation and enhanced Shc recruitment. Shc activation results in induction of MAPK. Inhibition of the Shc/SHPS-1 complex formation results in failure to achieve sustained MAPK activation and an attenuated mitogenic response. Thus, within the vessel wall, a mechanism exists whereby ligand occupancy of the alphaVbeta3 integrin is required for assembly of a multicomponent membrane signaling complex that is necessary for cells to respond optimally to IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7170, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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47
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Bill HM, Knudsen B, Moores SL, Muthuswamy SK, Rao VR, Brugge JS, Miranti CK. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent regulation of integrin-mediated signaling and cell cycle entry in epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:8586-99. [PMID: 15367678 PMCID: PMC516761 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.19.8586-8599.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins induces prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation and partial activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in an integrin-dependent and EGFR ligand-independent manner. Integrin-mediated activation of EGFR in epithelial cells is required for multiple signal transduction events previously shown to be induced by cell adhesion to matrix proteins, including tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, Cbl, and phospholipase Cgamma, and activation of the Ras/Erk and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. In contrast, activation of focal adhesion kinase, Src, and protein kinase C, adhesion to matrix proteins, cell spreading, migration, and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements are induced independently of EGFR kinase activity. The ability of integrins to induce the activation of EGFR and its subsequent regulation of Erk and Akt activation permitted adhesion-dependent induction of cyclin D1 and p21, Rb phosphorylation, and activation of cdk4 in epithelial cells in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Adhesion of epithelial cells to the ECM failed to efficiently induce degradation of p27, to induce cdk2 activity, or to induce Myc and cyclin A synthesis; subsequently, cells did not progress into S phase. Treatment of ECM-adherent cells with EGF, or overexpression of EGFR or Myc, resulted in restoration of late-G(1) cell cycle events and progression into S phase. These results indicate that partial activation of EGFR by integrin receptors plays an important role in mediating events triggered by epithelial cell attachment to ECM; EGFR is necessary for activation of multiple integrin-induced signaling enzymes and sufficient for early events in G(1) cell cycle progression. Furthermore, these findings suggest that EGFR or Myc overexpression may provoke ligand-independent proliferation in matrix-attached cells in vivo and could contribute to carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Bill
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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48
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Scaffidi AK, Petrovic N, Moodley YP, Fogel-Petrovic M, Kroeger KM, Seeber RM, Eidne KA, Thompson PJ, Knight DA. alpha(v)beta(3) Integrin interacts with the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) type II receptor to potentiate the proliferative effects of TGFbeta1 in living human lung fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:37726-33. [PMID: 15187087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin is known to cooperate with receptor tyrosine kinases to enhance cellular responses. To determine whether alpha(v)beta(3) regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) 1-induced responses, we investigated the interaction between alpha(v)beta(3) and TGFbeta type II receptor (TGFbetaIIR) in primary human lung fibroblasts. We report that TGFbeta1 up-regulates cell surface and mRNA expression of alpha(v)beta(3) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy showed that TGFbetaRII associates and clusters with alpha(v)beta(3), following TGFbeta1 exposure. This association was not observed with alpha(v)beta(5) or alpha(5)beta(1). We also used a novel molecular proximity assay, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), to quantify this dynamic interaction in living cells. TGFbeta1 stimulation resulted in a BRET signal within 5 min, whereas tenascin, which binds alpha(v)beta(3), did not induce a substantial BRET signal. Co-exposure to tenascin and TGFbeta1 produced no further increases in BRET than TGFbeta1 alone. Cyclin D1 was rapidly induced in cells co-exposed to TGFbeta1 and tenascin, and as a consequence proliferation induced by TGFbeta1 was dramatically enhanced in cells co-exposed to tenascin or vitronectin. Cholesterol depletion inhibited the interaction between TGFbetaRII and alpha(v)beta(3) and abrogated the proliferative effect. The cyclic RGD peptide, GpenGRGDSPCA, which blocks alpha(v)beta(3), also abolished the synergistic proliferative effect seen. These results indicate a new interaction partner for the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, the TGFbetaIIR, in which TGFbeta1-induced responses are potentiated in the presence alpha(v)beta(3) ligands. Our data provide a novel mechanism by which TGFbeta1 may contribute to abnormal wound healing and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Scaffidi
- Asthma and Allergy Research Institute and Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia
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49
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Crouch S, Spidel CS, Lindsey JS. HGF and ligation of alphavbeta5 integrin induce a novel, cancer cell-specific gene expression required for cell scattering. Exp Cell Res 2004; 292:274-87. [PMID: 14697335 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytokine involved in tumorigenesis and most metastases, initiates cell migration by binding to the protooncogene c-Met receptor. In epithelial carcinoma cells, c-Met activation causes the breakdown of E-cadherin cell-cell contacts leading to cell spreading. While the breakdown of E-cadherin contacts is immediate, HGF-induced migration requires transcription. To test the hypothesis that this de novo mRNA synthesis includes cancer cell-specific transcripts, we performed subtraction hybridization to isolate HGF-induced transcripts from an endometrial epithelial carcinoma cell line, RL95-2 (RL95), known to migrate but not to proliferate with HGF treatment. One novel cDNA we call Mig-7 is induced by HGF in endometrial epithelial carcinoma cell lines RL95 and HEC-1A before migration ensues. Ovarian, oral squamous cell, and colon metastatic tumors but not normal tissues express Mig-7. HGF did not induce Mig-7 in normal primary endometrial epithelial cells. In addition, blocking antibodies to alphavbeta5 integrin inhibited HGF induction of Mig-7 in RL95 cells. Most importantly, Mig-7-specific antisense oligonucleotides inhibited scattering of RL95 cells in vitro. These results are the first to demonstrate that Mig-7 expression may be used as a cancer cell-specific target to inhibit cell scattering.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Base Sequence/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Integrins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Integrins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/isolation & purification
- Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/cytology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Crouch
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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50
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Serini G, Valdembri D, Zanivan S, Morterra G, Burkhardt C, Caccavari F, Zammataro L, Primo L, Tamagnone L, Logan M, Tessier-Lavigne M, Taniguchi M, Püschel AW, Bussolino F. Class 3 semaphorins control vascular morphogenesis by inhibiting integrin function. Nature 2003; 424:391-7. [PMID: 12879061 DOI: 10.1038/nature01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2003] [Accepted: 05/28/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The motility and morphogenesis of endothelial cells is controlled by spatio-temporally regulated activation of integrin adhesion receptors, and integrin activation is stimulated by major determinants of vascular remodelling. In order for endothelial cells to be responsive to changes in activator gradients, the adhesiveness of these cells to the extracellular matrix must be dynamic, and negative regulators of integrins could be required. Here we show that during vascular development and experimental angiogenesis, endothelial cells generate autocrine chemorepulsive signals of class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3 proteins) that localize at nascent adhesive sites in spreading endothelial cells. Disrupting endogenous SEMA3 function in endothelial cells stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion and migration to extracellular matrices, whereas exogenous SEMA3 proteins antagonize integrin activation. Misexpression of dominant negative SEMA3 receptors in chick embryo endothelial cells locks integrins in an active conformation, and severely impairs vascular remodelling. Sema3a null mice show vascular defects as well. Thus during angiogenesis endothelial SEMA3 proteins endow the vascular system with the plasticity required for its reshaping by controlling integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Serini
- Division of Molecular Angiogenesis, IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy.
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