1
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Chen CC, Huang YR, Chan YT, Lin HY, Lin HJ, Hsiao CD, Ko TP, Lin TW, Lan YH, Lin HY, Chang HY. A distinct dimer configuration of a diatom Get3 forming a tetrameric complex with its tail-anchored membrane cargo. BMC Biol 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38867239 PMCID: PMC11170914 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins are delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum through a conserved posttranslational pathway. Although core mechanisms underlying the targeting and insertion of TA proteins are well established in eukaryotes, their role in mediating TA protein biogenesis in plants remains unclear. We reported the crystal structures of algal arsenite transporter 1 (ArsA1), which possesses an approximately 80-kDa monomeric architecture and carries chloroplast-localized TA proteins. However, the mechanistic basis of ArsA2, a Get3 (guided entry of TA proteins 3) homolog in plants, for TA recognition remains unknown. RESULTS Here, for the first time, we present the crystal structures of the diatom Pt-Get3a that forms a distinct ellipsoid-shaped tetramer in the open (nucleotide-bound) state through crystal packing. Pulldown assay results revealed that only tetrameric Pt-Get3a can bind to TA proteins. The lack of the conserved zinc-coordination CXXC motif in Pt-Get3a potentially leads to the spontaneous formation of a distinct parallelogram-shaped dimeric conformation in solution, suggesting a new dimer state for subsequent tetramerization upon TA targeting. Pt-Get3a nonspecifically binds to different subsets of TA substrates due to the lower hydrophobicity of its α-helical subdomain, which is implicated in TA recognition. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying TA protein shielding by tetrameric Get3 during targeting to the diatom's cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yuen Ting Chan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Lan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ya Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou Dist, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan.
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2
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Delgado JM, Shepard LW, Lamson SW, Liu SL, Shoemaker CJ. The ER membrane protein complex restricts mitophagy by controlling BNIP3 turnover. EMBO J 2024; 43:32-60. [PMID: 38177312 PMCID: PMC10883272 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of autophagy receptors is a common proxy for selective autophagy. However, we find that two established mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, are constitutively delivered to lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner. This alternative lysosomal delivery of BNIP3 accounts for nearly all its lysosome-mediated degradation, even upon mitophagy induction. To identify how BNIP3, a tail-anchored protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is delivered to lysosomes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for factors influencing BNIP3 flux. This screen revealed both known modifiers of BNIP3 stability as well as a pronounced reliance on endolysosomal components, including the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). Importantly, the endolysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteosome system regulated BNIP3 independently. Perturbation of either mechanism is sufficient to modulate BNIP3-associated mitophagy and affect underlying cellular physiology. More broadly, these findings extend recent models for tail-anchored protein quality control and install endosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation in the canon of pathways that tightly regulate endogenous tail-anchored protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Logan Wallace Shepard
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah W Lamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Samantha L Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Christopher J Shoemaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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3
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Somborac T, Lutfullahoglu Bal G, Fatima K, Vihinen H, Paatero A, Jokitalo E, Paavilainen VO, Konovalova S. The subset of peroxisomal tail-anchored proteins do not reach peroxisomes via ER, instead mitochondria can be involved. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295047. [PMID: 38039321 PMCID: PMC10691693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles with important roles in fatty acid breakdown, bile acid synthesis and biosynthesis of sterols and ether lipids. Defects in peroxisomes result in severe genetic diseases, such as Zellweger syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. However, many aspects of peroxisomal biogenesis are not well understood. Here we investigated delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to peroxisomes in mammalian cells. Using glycosylation assays we showed that peroxisomal TA proteins do not enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in both wild type (WT) and peroxisome-lacking cells. We observed that in cells lacking the essential peroxisome biogenesis factor, PEX19, peroxisomal TA proteins localize mainly to mitochondria. Finally, to investigate peroxisomal TA protein targeting in cells with fully functional peroxisomes we used a proximity biotinylation approach. We showed that while ER-targeted TA construct was exclusively inserted into the ER, peroxisome-targeted TA construct was inserted to both peroxisomes and mitochondria. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, our data suggest that some peroxisomal TA proteins do not insert to the ER prior to their delivery to peroxisomes, instead, mitochondria can be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Somborac
- HiLIFE, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaneez Fatima
- HiLIFE, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Paatero
- HiLIFE, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Svetlana Konovalova
- HiLIFE, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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McDowell MA, Heimes M, Enkavi G, Farkas Á, Saar D, Wild K, Schwappach B, Vattulainen I, Sinning I. The GET insertase exhibits conformational plasticity and induces membrane thinning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7355. [PMID: 37963916 PMCID: PMC10646013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) pathway mediates the biogenesis of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum. In the cytosol, the Get3 chaperone captures the TA protein substrate and delivers it to the Get1/Get2 membrane protein complex (GET insertase), which then inserts the substrate via a membrane-embedded hydrophilic groove. Here, we present structures, atomistic simulations and functional data of human and Chaetomium thermophilum Get1/Get2/Get3. The core fold of the GET insertase is conserved throughout eukaryotes, whilst thinning of the lipid bilayer occurs in the vicinity of the hydrophilic groove to presumably lower the energetic barrier of membrane insertion. We show that the gating interaction between Get2 helix α3' and Get3 drives conformational changes in both Get3 and the Get1/Get2 membrane heterotetramer. Thus, we provide a framework to understand the conformational plasticity of the GET insertase and how it remodels its membrane environment to promote substrate insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A McDowell
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Strasse 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Heimes
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ákos Farkas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Saar
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klemens Wild
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Zhou Q, Yang Y, Xu Z, Deng K, Zhang Z, Hao J, Li N, Wang Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Yang Y, Xiao F, Zhang X, Gao S, Li Y. ATAD1 inhibits hepatitis C virus infection by removing the viral TA-protein NS5B from mitochondria. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56614. [PMID: 37789674 PMCID: PMC10626439 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 1 (ATAD1) maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by removing mislocalized tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces mitochondrial fragmentation, and viral NS5B protein is a TA protein. Here, we investigate whether ATAD1 plays a role in regulating HCV infection. We find that HCV infection has no effect on ATAD1 expression, but knockout of ATAD1 significantly enhances HCV infection; this enhancement is suppressed by ATAD1 complementation. NS5B partially localizes to mitochondria, dependent on its transmembrane domain (TMD), and induces mitochondrial fragmentation, which is further enhanced by ATAD1 knockout. ATAD1 interacts with NS5B, dependent on its three internal domains (TMD, pore-loop 1, and pore-loop 2), and induces the proteasomal degradation of NS5B. In addition, we provide evidence that ATAD1 augments the antiviral function of MAVS upon HCV infection. Taken together, we show that the mitochondrial quality control exerted by ATAD1 can be extended to a novel antiviral function through the extraction of the viral TA-protein NS5B from the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., LtdZhengzhouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhanxue Xu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiawei Hao
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ni Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanling Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Haihang Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Infectious DiseaseThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Infectious DiseaseThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
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6
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Breeze E, Vale V, McLellan H, Pecrix Y, Godiard L, Grant M, Frigerio L. A tell tail sign: a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor domain targets a subset of pathogen effectors to the plant endoplasmic reticulum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3188-3202. [PMID: 36860200 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the entry point to the secretory pathway and, as such, is critical for adaptive responses to biotic stress, when the demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signalling components increases significantly. Successful phytopathogens have evolved an arsenal of small effector proteins which collectively reconfigure multiple host components and signalling pathways to promote virulence; a small, but important, subset of which are targeted to the endomembrane system including the ER. We identified and validated a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor motif in a set of pathogen effectors known to localize to the ER from the oomycetes Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of Arabidopsis and sunflower, respectively) and used this protein topology to develop a bioinformatic pipeline to identify putative ER-localized effectors within the effectorome of the related oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight. Many of the identified P. infestans tail-anchor effectors converged on ER-localized NAC transcription factors, indicating that this family is a critical host target for multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Breeze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Victoria Vale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee (at JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Yann Pecrix
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (UMR C53), Ligne Paradis, 97410 St Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Laurence Godiard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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7
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Delgado JM, Wallace Shepard L, Lamson SW, Liu SL, Shoemaker CJ. The ER membrane protein complex governs lysosomal turnover of a mitochondrial tail-anchored protein, BNIP3, to restrict mitophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533681. [PMID: 36993512 PMCID: PMC10055395 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of autophagy receptors is a common proxy for selective autophagy. However, we find that two established mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, violate this assumption. Rather, BNIP3 and NIX are constitutively delivered to lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner. This alternative lysosomal delivery of BNIP3 accounts for nearly all of its lysosome-mediated degradation, even upon mitophagy induction. To identify how BNIP3, a tail-anchored protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is delivered to lysosomes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for factors influencing BNIP3 flux. By this approach, we revealed both known modifiers of BNIP3 stability as well as a pronounced reliance on endolysosomal components, including the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). Importantly, the endolysosomal system regulates BNIP3 alongside, but independent of, the ubiquitin-proteosome system (UPS). Perturbation of either mechanism is sufficient to modulate BNIP3-associated mitophagy and affect underlying cellular physiology. In short, while BNIP3 can be cleared by parallel and partially compensatory quality control pathways, non-autophagic lysosomal degradation of BNIP3 is a strong post-translational modifier of BNIP3 function. More broadly, these data reveal an unanticipated connection between mitophagy and TA protein quality control, wherein the endolysosomal system provides a critical axis for regulating cellular metabolism. Moreover, these findings extend recent models for tail-anchored protein quality control and install endosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation in the canon of pathways that ensure tight regulation of endogenous TA protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Logan Wallace Shepard
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Sarah W Lamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Samantha L Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Christopher J Shoemaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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8
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Szabó Z, Balogh M, Domonkos Á, Csányi M, Kaló P, Kiss GB. The bs5 allele of the susceptibility gene Bs5 of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) encoding a natural deletion variant of a CYSTM protein conditions resistance to bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas species. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:64. [PMID: 36943531 PMCID: PMC10030403 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The bs5 resistance gene against bacterial spot was identified by map-based cloning. The recessive bs5 gene of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) conditions a non-hypersensitive resistance trait, characterized by a slightly swollen, pale green, photosynthetically active leaf tissue, following Xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection. The isolation of the bs5 gene by map-based cloning revealed that the bs5 protein was shorter by 2 amino acids as compared to the wild type Bs5 protein. The natural 2 amino acid deletion occurred in the cysteine-rich transmembrane domain of the tail-anchored (TA) protein, Ca_CYSTM1. The protein products of the wild type Bs5 and mutant bs5 genes were shown to be located in the cell membrane, indicating an unknown function in this membrane compartment. Successful infection of the Bs5 pepper lines was abolished by the 6 bp deletion in the TM encoding domain of the Ca_CYSTM1 gene in bs5 homozygotes, suggesting, that the resulting resistance might be explained by the lack of entry of the Xanthomonas specific effector molecules into the plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Márta Balogh
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ágota Domonkos
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Márta Csányi
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Péter Kaló
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György B Kiss
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi A. U. 4., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- AMBIS Biotechnology Research and Development Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Heo P, Culver JA, Miao J, Pincet F, Mariappan M. The Get1/2 insertase forms a channel to mediate the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111921. [PMID: 36640319 PMCID: PMC9932932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins contain a single C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) that is captured by the cytosolic Get3 in yeast (TRC40 in humans). Get3 delivers TA proteins to the Get1/2 complex for insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. How Get1/2 mediates insertion of TMDs of TA proteins into the membrane is poorly understood. Using bulk fluorescence and microfluidics assays, we show that Get1/2 forms an aqueous channel in reconstituted bilayers. We estimate the channel diameter to be ∼2.5 nm wide, corresponding to the circumference of two Get1/2 complexes. We find that the Get3 binding can seal the Get1/2 channel, which dynamically opens and closes. Our mutation analysis further shows that the Get1/2 channel activity is required to release TA proteins from Get3 for insertion into the membrane. Hence, we propose that the Get1/2 channel functions as an insertase for insertion of TMDs and as a translocase for translocation of C-terminal hydrophilic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Heo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jacob A. Culver
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jennifer Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Malaiyalam Mariappan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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10
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Su J, Tian X, Zhang Z, Xu W, Anwaier A, Ye S, Zhu S, Wang Y, Shi G, Qu Y, Zhang H, Ye D. A novel amino acid metabolism-related gene risk signature for predicting prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019949. [PMID: 36313638 PMCID: PMC9614380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRenal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers because of its atypical symptoms and metastatic potential. The metabolism of amino acids and their derivatives is essential for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Thus, the construction of the amino acid metabolism-related risk signature might enhance the accuracy of the prognostic model and shed light on the treatments of renal cancers.MethodsRNA expression and clinical data were downloaded from Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena, GEO, and ArrayExpress databases. The “DESeq2” package identified the differentially expressed genes. Univariate COX analysis selected prognostic genes related to the metabolism of amino acids. Patients were divided into two clusters using the “ConsensusClusterPlus” package, and the CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE methods were explored to assess the immune infiltrations. The LASSO regression analysis constructed a risk model which was evaluated the prediction accuracy in two independent cohorts. The genomic alterations and drug sensitivity of 18-LASSO-genes were assessed. The differentially expressed genes between two clusters were used to perform functional enrichment analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, external validation of TMEM72 expression was conducted in the FUSCC cohort containing 33 ccRCC patients.ResultsThe amino acid metabolism-related genes had significant correlations with prognosis. The patients in Cluster A demonstrated better survival, lower Treg cell proportion, higher ESTIMATE scores, and higher cuproptosis-related gene expressions. Amino acid metabolism-related genes with prognostic values were used to construct a risk model and patients in the low risk group were associated with improved outcomes. The Area Under Curve of the risk model was 0.801, 0.777, and 0.767 at the first, second, and third year respectively. The external validation cohort confirmed the stable prognostic value of the risk model. WGCNA identified four gene modules correlated with immune cell infiltrations and cuproptosis. We found that TMEM72 was downregulated in tumors by using TCGA, GEO datasets (p<0.001) and the FUSCC cohort (p=0.002).ConclusionOur study firstly constructed an 18 amino acid metabolism related signature to predict the prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We also identified four potential gene modules potentially correlated with cuproptosis and identified TMEM72 downregulation in ccRCC which deserved further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Su
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Qu, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Dingwei Ye,
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Qu, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Dingwei Ye,
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Qu, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Dingwei Ye,
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11
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Fry MY, Najdrová V, Maggiolo AO, Saladi SM, Doležal P, Clemons WM. Structurally derived universal mechanism for the catalytic cycle of the tail-anchored targeting factor Get3. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:820-830. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Sinning I, McDowell MA. Cryo-EM insights into tail-anchored membrane protein biogenesis in eukaryotes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102428. [PMID: 35850079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a biologically significant class of membrane proteins, which require specialised cellular pathways to insert their single C-terminal transmembrane domain into the correct membrane. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently provided new insights into the organelle-specific machineries for TA protein biogenesis. Structures of targeting and insertase complexes within the canonical guided entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway indicate how substrates are faithfully chaperoned into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in metazoans. The core of the GET insertase is conserved within structures of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), which acts in parallel to insert a different subset of TA proteins. Furthermore, structures of the dislocases Spf1 and Msp1 show how they remove mislocalised TA proteins from the ER and outer mitochondrial membranes respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Melanie A McDowell
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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13
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Sohn YS, Losub-Amir A, Cardenas AE, Karmi O, Yahana MD, Gruman T, Rowland L, Marjault HB, Webb LJ, Mittler R, Elber R, Friedler A, Nechushtai R. A peptide-derived strategy for specifically targeting the mitochondria and ER of cancer cells: a new approach in fighting cancer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6929-6941. [PMID: 35774163 PMCID: PMC9200128 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective anti-cancer therapy should exclusively target cancer cells and trigger in them a broad spectrum of cell death pathways that will prevent avoidance. Here, we present a new approach in cancer therapy that specifically targets the mitochondria and ER of cancer cells. We developed a peptide derived from the flexible and transmembrane domains of the human protein NAF-1/CISD2. This peptide (NAF-144-67) specifically permeates through the plasma membranes of human epithelial breast cancer cells, abolishes their mitochondria and ER, and triggers cell death with characteristics of apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis. In vivo analysis revealed that the peptide significantly decreases tumor growth in mice carrying xenograft human tumors. Computational simulations of cancer vs. normal cell membranes reveal that the specificity of the peptide to cancer cells is due to its selective recognition of their membrane composition. NAF-144-67 represents a promising anti-cancer lead compound that acts via a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sung Sohn
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Anat Losub-Amir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Alfredo E Cardenas
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Ola Karmi
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri. 1201 Rollins St Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Merav Darash Yahana
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Tal Gruman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Linda Rowland
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri. 1201 Rollins St Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 2506 Speedway STOP A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri. 1201 Rollins St Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Ron Elber
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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14
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Gaspar CJ, Vieira LC, Santos CC, Christianson JC, Jakubec D, Strisovsky K, Adrain C, Domingos PM. EMC is required for biogenesis of Xport-A, an essential chaperone of Rhodopsin-1 and the TRP channel. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53210. [PMID: 34918864 PMCID: PMC8728618 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is required for the biogenesis of a subset of tail anchored (TA) and polytopic membrane proteins, including Rhodopsin-1 (Rh1) and the TRP channel. To understand the physiological implications of EMC-dependent membrane protein biogenesis, we perform a bioinformatic identification of Drosophila TA proteins. From 254 predicted TA proteins, screening in larval eye discs identified two proteins that require EMC for their biogenesis: fan and Xport-A. Fan is required for male fertility in Drosophila and we show that EMC is also required for this process. Xport-A is essential for the biogenesis of both Rh1 and TRP, raising the possibility that disruption of Rh1 and TRP biogenesis in EMC mutants is secondary to the Xport-A defect. We show that EMC is required for Xport-A TMD membrane insertion and that EMC-independent Xport-A mutants rescue Rh1 and TRP biogenesis in EMC mutants. Finally, our work also reveals a role for Xport-A in a glycosylation-dependent triage mechanism during Rh1 biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina J Gaspar
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB‐NOVA)OeirasPortugal
- Membrane Traffic LabInstituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)OeirasPortugal
| | - Lígia C Vieira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB‐NOVA)OeirasPortugal
- Present address:
Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Cristiana C Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB‐NOVA)OeirasPortugal
| | - John C Christianson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesBotnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Jakubec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Kvido Strisovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Colin Adrain
- Membrane Traffic LabInstituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC)OeirasPortugal
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen’s UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB‐NOVA)OeirasPortugal
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15
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Zientara-Rytter KM, Mahalingam SS, Farré JC, Carolino K, Subramani S. Recognition and Chaperoning by Pex19, Followed by Trafficking and Membrane Insertion of the Peroxisome Proliferation Protein, Pex11. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010157. [PMID: 35011719 PMCID: PMC8750153 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pex11, an abundant peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP), is required for division of peroxisomes and is robustly imported to peroxisomal membranes. We present a comprehensive analysis of how the Pichia pastoris Pex11 is recognized and chaperoned by Pex19, targeted to peroxisome membranes and inserted therein. We demonstrate that Pex11 contains one Pex19-binding site (Pex19-BS) that is required for Pex11 insertion into peroxisomal membranes by Pex19, but is non-essential for peroxisomal trafficking. We provide extensive mutational analyses regarding the recognition of Pex19-BS in Pex11 by Pex19. Pex11 also has a second, Pex19-independent membrane peroxisome-targeting signal (mPTS) that is preserved among Pex11-family proteins and anchors the human HsPex11γ to the outer leaflet of the peroxisomal membrane. Thus, unlike most PMPs, Pex11 can use two mechanisms of transport to peroxisomes, where only one of them depends on its direct interaction with Pex19, but the other does not. However, Pex19 is necessary for membrane insertion of Pex11. We show that Pex11 can self-interact, using both homo- and/or heterotypic interactions involving its N-terminal helical domains. We demonstrate that Pex19 acts as a chaperone by interacting with the Pex19-BS in Pex11, thereby protecting Pex11 from spontaneous oligomerization that would otherwise cause its aggregation and subsequent degradation.
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16
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Tirincsi A, Sicking M, Hadzibeganovic D, Haßdenteufel S, Lang S. The Molecular Biodiversity of Protein Targeting and Protein Transport Related to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:143. [PMID: 35008565 PMCID: PMC8745461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Looking at the variety of the thousands of different polypeptides that have been focused on in the research on the endoplasmic reticulum from the last five decades taught us one humble lesson: no one size fits all. Cells use an impressive array of components to enable the safe transport of protein cargo from the cytosolic ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Safety during the transit is warranted by the interplay of cytosolic chaperones, membrane receptors, and protein translocases that together form functional networks and serve as protein targeting and translocation routes. While two targeting routes to the endoplasmic reticulum, SRP (signal recognition particle) and GET (guided entry of tail-anchored proteins), prefer targeting determinants at the N- and C-terminus of the cargo polypeptide, respectively, the recently discovered SND (SRP-independent) route seems to preferentially cater for cargos with non-generic targeting signals that are less hydrophobic or more distant from the termini. With an emphasis on targeting routes and protein translocases, we will discuss those functional networks that drive efficient protein topogenesis and shed light on their redundant and dynamic nature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tirincsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (A.T.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Mark Sicking
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (A.T.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Drazena Hadzibeganovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (A.T.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Sarah Haßdenteufel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (A.T.); (M.S.); (D.H.)
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17
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Mehlhorn DG, Asseck LY, Grefen C. Looking for a safe haven: tail-anchored proteins and their membrane insertion pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1916-1928. [PMID: 35235667 PMCID: PMC8644595 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insertion of membrane proteins into the lipid bilayer is a crucial step during their biosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells face many challenges in directing these proteins to their predestined target membrane. The hydrophobic signal peptide or transmembrane domain (TMD) of the nascent protein must be shielded from the aqueous cytosol and its target membrane identified followed by transport and insertion. Components that evolved to deal with each of these challenging steps range from chaperones to receptors, insertases, and sophisticated translocation complexes. One prominent translocation pathway for most proteins is the signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent pathway which mediates co-translational translocation of proteins across or into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This textbook example of protein insertion is stretched to its limits when faced with secretory or membrane proteins that lack an amino-terminal signal sequence or TMD. Particularly, a large group of so-called tail-anchored (TA) proteins that harbor a single carboxy-terminal TMD require an alternative, post-translational insertion route into the ER membrane. In this review, we summarize the current research in TA protein insertion with a special focus on plants, address challenges, and highlight future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar G Mehlhorn
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Botany, University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa Y Asseck
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Botany, University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Botany, University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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18
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Kumar T, Maitra S, Rahman A, Bhattacharjee S. A conserved guided entry of tail-anchored pathway is involved in the trafficking of a subset of membrane proteins in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009595. [PMID: 34780541 PMCID: PMC8629386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are defined by the absence of N-terminus signal sequence and the presence of a single transmembrane domain (TMD) proximal to their C-terminus. They play fundamental roles in cellular processes including vesicular trafficking, protein translocation and quality control. Some of the TA proteins are post-translationally integrated by the Guided Entry of TA (GET) pathway to the cellular membranes; with their N-terminus oriented towards the cytosol and C-terminus facing the organellar lumen. The TA repertoire and the GET machinery have been extensively characterized in the yeast and mammalian systems, however, they remain elusive in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we bioinformatically predicted a total of 63 TA proteins in the P. falciparum proteome and revealed the association of a subset with the P. falciparum homolog of Get3 (PfGet3). In addition, our proximity labelling studies either definitively identified or shortlisted the other eligible GET constituents, and our in vitro association studies validated associations between PfGet3 and the corresponding homologs of Get4 and Get2 in P. falciparum. Collectively, this study reveals the presence of proteins with hallmark TA signatures and the involvement of evolutionary conserved GET trafficking pathway for their targeted delivery within the parasite. Tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins are known to play essential cellular functions in the eukaryotes. These proteins are trafficked to their respective destinations by post-translational translocation pathways that are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. However, they remain unidentified in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We have used bioinformatic prediction algorithms in conjunction with functional validation studies to identify the candidate TA repertoire and some of the homologs of the trafficking machinery in P. falciparum. Initially, we predicted the presence of 63 putative TA proteins localized to distinct compartments within this parasite, including a few confirmed TA homologs in other eukaryotic systems. We then identified and characterized PfGet3 as a central component in the Guided-Entry of TA (GET) translocation machinery, and our bacterial co-expression and pulldown assays with two selected recombinant TA proteins, PfBOS1 and PfUSE1, showed co-association with PfGet3. We also identified PfGet2 and PfGet4 as the other two components of the GET machinery in P. falciparum using proximity biotinylation followed by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, we also found six TA proteins in the parasite enriched in this fraction. We further validated the direct interactions between a few TA candidates, PfGet4 and PfGet2 with PfGet3 using recombinant-based pulldown studies. In conclusion, this study classified a subset of membrane proteins with the TA nomenclature and implicated a previously unidentified GET pathway for their translocation in this apicomplexan parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Kumar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Satarupa Maitra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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19
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The Structures and Functions of VZV Glycoproteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 438:25-58. [PMID: 34731265 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The virions of all enveloped viruses, including those of the Herpesviridae, must bind to the cell surface then undergo a process of membrane fusion between the cell plasma membrane and the virus particle envelope. As for all herpesviruses, glycoproteins in the virion envelope are the modus operandi of these events.
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20
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Sicking M, Jung M, Lang S. Lights, Camera, Interaction: Studying Protein-Protein Interactions of the ER Protein Translocase in Living Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10358. [PMID: 34638699 PMCID: PMC8508666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various landmark studies have revealed structures and functions of the Sec61/SecY complex in all domains of live demonstrating the conserved nature of this ancestral protein translocase. While the bacterial homolog of the Sec61 complex resides in the plasma membrane, the eukaryotic counterpart manages the transfer of precursor proteins into or across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Sec61 complexes are accompanied by a set of dynamically recruited auxiliary proteins assisting the transport of certain precursor polypeptides. TRAP and Sec62/Sec63 are two auxiliary protein complexes in mammalian cells that have been characterized by structural and biochemical methods. Using these ER membrane protein complexes for our proof-of-concept study, we aimed to detect interactions of membrane proteins in living mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Bimolecular luminescence complementation and competition was used to demonstrate multiple protein-protein interactions of different topological layouts. In addition to the interaction of the soluble catalytic and regulatory subunits of the cytosolic protein kinase A, we detected interactions of ER membrane proteins that either belong to the same multimeric protein complex (intra-complex interactions: Sec61α-Sec61β, TRAPα-TRAPβ) or protein complexes in juxtaposition (inter-complex interactions: Sec61α-TRAPα, Sec61α-Sec63, and Sec61β-Sec63). In the process, we established further control elements like synthetic peptide complementation for expression profiling of fusion constructs and protease-mediated reporter degradation demonstrating the cytosolic localization of a reporter complementation. Ease of use and flexibility of the approach presented here will spur further research regarding the dynamics of protein-protein interactions in response to changing cellular conditions in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sven Lang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.J.)
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21
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Snijders KE, Fehér A, Táncos Z, Bock I, Téglási A, van den Berk L, Niemeijer M, Bouwman P, Le Dévédec SE, Moné MJ, Van Rossom R, Kumar M, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Verfaillie CM, Kobolák J, Ter Braak B, Dinnyés A, van de Water B. Fluorescent tagging of endogenous Heme oxygenase-1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells for high content imaging of oxidative stress in various differentiated lineages. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3285-3302. [PMID: 34480604 PMCID: PMC8448683 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tagging of endogenous stress response genes can provide valuable in vitro models for chemical safety assessment. Here, we present the generation and application of a fluorescent human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) reporter line for Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), which is considered a sensitive and reliable biomarker for the oxidative stress response. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to insert an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) at the C-terminal end of the endogenous HMOX1 gene. Individual clones were selected and extensively characterized to confirm precise editing and retained stem cell properties. Bardoxolone-methyl (CDDO-Me) induced oxidative stress caused similarly increased expression of both the wild-type and eGFP-tagged HMOX1 at the mRNA and protein level. Fluorescently tagged hiPSC-derived proximal tubule-like, hepatocyte-like, cardiomyocyte-like and neuron-like progenies were treated with CDDO-Me (5.62–1000 nM) or diethyl maleate (5.62–1000 µM) for 24 h and 72 h. Multi-lineage oxidative stress responses were assessed through transcriptomics analysis, and HMOX1-eGFP reporter expression was carefully monitored using live-cell confocal imaging. We found that eGFP intensity increased in a dose-dependent manner with dynamics varying amongst lineages and stressors. Point of departure modelling further captured the specific lineage sensitivities towards oxidative stress. We anticipate that the newly developed HMOX1 hiPSC reporter will become a valuable tool in understanding and quantifying critical target organ cell-specific oxidative stress responses induced by (newly developed) chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Snijders
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda van den Berk
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Moné
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Van Rossom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bas Ter Braak
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary. .,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Fry MY, Saladi SM, Cunha A, Clemons WM. Sequence-based features that are determinant for tail-anchored membrane protein sorting in eukaryotes. Traffic 2021; 22:306-318. [PMID: 34288289 PMCID: PMC8380732 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The correct targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) integral membrane proteins is critical for cellular homeostasis. TA proteins are defined by a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (TMD) at their C-terminus and are targeted to either the ER or mitochondria. Derived from experimental measurements of a few TA proteins, there has been little examination of the TMD features that determine localization. As a result, the localization of many TA proteins are misclassified by the simple heuristic of overall hydrophobicity. Because ER-directed TMDs favor arrangement of hydrophobic residues to one side, we sought to explore the role of geometric hydrophobic properties. By curating TA proteins with experimentally determined localizations and assessing hypotheses for recognition, we bioinformatically and experimentally verify that a hydrophobic face is the most accurate singular metric for separating ER and mitochondria-destined yeast TA proteins. A metric focusing on an 11 residue segment of the TMD performs well when classifying human TA proteins. The most inclusive predictor uses both hydrophobicity and C-terminal charge in tandem. This work provides context for previous observations and opens the door for more detailed mechanistic experiments to determine the molecular factors driving this recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y. Fry
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Shyam M. Saladi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Alexandre Cunha
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Center for Advanced Methods in Biological Image Analysis, Beckman Institute, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - William M. Clemons
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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23
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Sauvola CW, Littleton JT. SNARE Regulatory Proteins in Synaptic Vesicle Fusion and Recycling. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:733138. [PMID: 34421538 PMCID: PMC8377282 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.733138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a universal feature of eukaryotic protein trafficking and is mediated by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. SNARE proteins embedded in opposing membranes spontaneously assemble to drive membrane fusion and cargo exchange in vitro. Evolution has generated a diverse complement of SNARE regulatory proteins (SRPs) that ensure membrane fusion occurs at the right time and place in vivo. While a core set of SNAREs and SRPs are common to all eukaryotic cells, a specialized set of SRPs within neurons confer additional regulation to synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion. Neuronal communication is characterized by precise spatial and temporal control of SNARE dynamics within presynaptic subdomains specialized for neurotransmitter release. Action potential-elicited Ca2+ influx at these release sites triggers zippering of SNAREs embedded in the SV and plasma membrane to drive bilayer fusion and release of neurotransmitters that activate downstream targets. Here we discuss current models for how SRPs regulate SNARE dynamics and presynaptic output, emphasizing invertebrate genetic findings that advanced our understanding of SRP regulation of SV cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Sauvola
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J Troy Littleton
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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24
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Yang J, Hirata T, Liu YS, Guo XY, Gao XD, Kinoshita T, Fujita M. Human SND2 mediates ER targeting of GPI-anchored proteins with low hydrophobic GPI attachment signals. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1542-1558. [PMID: 33838053 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are encoded in the mammalian genome. It is not well understood how these proteins are targeted and translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we reveal that many GPI-APs, such as CD59, CD55, and CD109, utilize human SND2 (hSND2)-dependent ER targeting machinery. We also found that signal recognition particle receptors seem to cooperate with hSND2 to target GPI-APs to the ER. Both the N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal GPI attachment signal of GPI-APs contribute to ER targeting via the hSND2-dependent pathway. Particularly, the hydrophobicity of the C-terminal GPI attachment signal acts as the determinant of hSND2 dependency. Our results explain the route and mechanism of the ER targeting of GPI-APs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Japan
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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de Jonge H, Iamele L, Maggi M, Pessino G, Scotti C. Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:813. [PMID: 33672007 PMCID: PMC7919283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Auto-antibodies are classically associated with autoimmune diseases, where they are an integral part of diagnostic panels. However, recent evidence is accumulating on the presence of auto-antibodies against single or selected panels of auto-antigens in many types of cancer. Auto-antibodies might initially represent an epiphenomenon derived from the inflammatory environment induced by the tumor. However, their effect on tumor evolution can be crucial, as is discussed in this paper. It has been demonstrated that some of these auto-antibodies can be used for early detection and cancer staging, as well as for monitoring of cancer regression during treatment and follow up. Interestingly, certain auto-antibodies were found to promote cancer progression and metastasis, while others contribute to the body's defense against it. Moreover, auto-antibodies are of a polyclonal nature, which means that often several antibodies are involved in the response to a single tumor antigen. Dissection of these antibody specificities is now possible, allowing their identification at the genetic, structural, and epitope levels. In this review, we report the evidence available on the presence of auto-antibodies in the main cancer types and discuss some of the open issues that still need to be addressed by the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Scotti
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.d.J.); (L.I.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
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26
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Bernier SC, Millette MA, Roy S, Cantin L, Coutinho A, Salesse C. Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183566. [PMID: 33453187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Visual phototransduction takes place in photoreceptor cells. Light absorption by rhodopsin leads to the activation of transducin as a result of the exchange of its GDP for GTP. The GTP-bound ⍺-subunit of transducin then activates phosphodiesterase (PDE), which in turn hydrolyzes cGMP leading to photoreceptor hyperpolarization. Photoreceptors return to the dark state upon inactivation of these proteins. In particular, PDE is inactivated by the protein complex R9AP/RGS9-1/Gβ5. R9AP (RGS9-1 anchor protein) is responsible for the membrane anchoring of this protein complex to photoreceptor outer segment disk membranes most likely by the combined involvement of its C-terminal hydrophobic domain as well as other types of interactions. This study thus aimed to gather information on the structure and membrane binding of the C-terminal hydrophobic segment of R9AP as well as of truncated R9AP (without its C-terminal domain, R9AP∆TM). Circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopic measurements revealed that the secondary structure of R9AP∆TM mainly includes ⍺-helical structural elements. Moreover, intrinsic fluorescence measurements of native R9AP∆TM and individual mutants lacking one tryptophan demonstrated that W79 is more buried than W173 but that they are both located in a hydrophobic environment. This method also revealed that membrane binding of R9AP∆TM does not involve regions near its tryptophan residues, while infrared spectroscopy validated its binding to lipid vesicles. Additional fluorescence measurements showed that the C-terminal segment of R9AP is membrane embedded. Maximum insertion pressure and synergy data using Langmuir monolayers suggest that interactions with specific phospholipids could be involved in the membrane binding of R9AP∆TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bernier
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Millette
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Roy
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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27
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Jiang H. Quality control pathways of tail-anchored proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118922. [PMID: 33285177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins have an N-terminal domain in the cytosol and a C-terminal transmembrane domain anchored to a variety of organelle membranes. TA proteins are recognized by targeting factors at the transmembrane domain and C-terminal sequence and are guided to distinct membranes. The promiscuity of targeting sequences and the dysfunction of targeting pathways cause mistargeting of TA proteins. TA proteins are under surveillance by quality control pathways. For resident TA proteins at mitochondrial and ER membranes, intrinsic instability or stimuli induced degrons of the cytosolic and transmembrane domains are sensed by quality control factors to initiate degradation of TA proteins. These pathways are summarized as TA protein degradation-Cytosol (TAD-C) and TAD-Membrane (TAD-M) pathways. For mistargeted and a subset of solitary TA proteins at mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes, a unique pathway has been revealed in recent years. Msp1/ATAD1 is an AAA-ATPase dually-localized to mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes. It directly recognizes mistargeted and solitary TA proteins and dislocates them out of membrane. Dislocated substrates are subsequently ubiquitinated by the ER-resident Doa10 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex for degradation. We summarize and discuss the substrate recognition, dislocation and degradation mechanisms of the Msp1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100871, China.
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28
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Sinha S, Ghosh Dastidar S. Shifting Polar Residues Across Primary Sequence Frames of Transmembrane Domains Calibrates Membrane Permeation Thermodynamics. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4353-4366. [PMID: 33136366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Permeation of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) using the transmembrane domains (TMDs) is the key step of the Bcl-2 family of proteins to control apoptosis. The primary sequences of the TMDs of the family members like Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bak, etc. indicate the presence of charged residues at the C-terminal tip to be essential for drilling the membrane. However, Bax, a variant of the same family, is an exception, as the charged residues are shifted away from the tip by two positional frames in the primary sequence, but does it matter really? The free energy landscapes of membrane permeation, computed from a total of ∼13.3 μs of conformational sampling, show how such shifting of the amino acid frames in the primary sequence is correlated with the energy landscape that ensures the balance between membrane permeation and cytosolic population. Shifting the charged residues back to the terminal, in suitable mutants of Bax, proves the necessity of terminal charged residues by improving the insertion free energy but adds a high energy barrier unless some other polar residues are adjusted further. The difference in the TMDs of Bcl-xL and Bax is also reflected in their mechanism to drill the MOM-like anionic membrane; only Bax-TMD requires surface crowding to favorably shape the permeation landscape by weakening the bilayer integrity. So, this investigation suggests that such proteins can calibrate the free energy landscape of membrane permeation by adjusting the positions of the charged or polar residues in the primary sequence frames, a strategy analogous to the game of the "sliding tile puzzle" but played with primary sequence frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sinha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
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29
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro (Mitochondrial Rho GTPase), a key player of mitochondrial axonal transport and mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:118-135. [PMID: 33127590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases) a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a vital role in the microtubule-based mitochondrial axonal transport, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and Mito-Ca2+ homeostasis. It forms a major protein complex with Milton (an adaptor protein), kinesin and dynein (motor proteins), and facilitates bidirectional mitochondrial axonal transport such as anterograde and retrograde transport. By forming this protein complex, Miro facilitates the mitochondrial axonal transport and fulfills the neuronal energy demand, maintain the mitochondrial homeostasis and neuronal survival. It has been demonstrated that altered mitochondrial biogenesis, improper mitochondrial axonal transport, and mitochondrial dynamics are the early pathologies associated with most of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Being the sole mitochondrial outer membrane protein associated with mitochondrial axonal transport-related processes, Miro proteins can be one of the key players in various NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, in the current review, we have discussed the evolutionarily conserved Miro proteins and its role in the pathogenesis of the various NDs. From this, we indicated that Miro proteins may act as a potential target for a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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30
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Juarez-Navarro K, Ayala-Garcia VM, Ruiz-Baca E, Meneses-Morales I, Rios-Banuelos JL, Lopez-Rodriguez A. Assistance for Folding of Disease-Causing Plasma Membrane Proteins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050728. [PMID: 32392767 PMCID: PMC7277483 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive catalog of plasma membrane (PM) protein mutations related to phenotypic diseases is associated with incorrect protein folding and/or localization. These impairments, in addition to dysfunction, frequently promote protein aggregation, which can be detrimental to cells. Here, we review PM protein processing, from protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to delivery to the PM, stressing the main repercussions of processing failures and their physiological consequences in pathologies, and we summarize the recent proposed therapeutic strategies to rescue misassembled proteins through different types of chaperones and/or small molecule drugs that safeguard protein quality control and regulate proteostasis.
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31
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Jung S, Hyun J, Nah J, Han J, Kim SH, Park J, Oh Y, Gwon Y, Moon S, Jo DG, Jung YK. SERP1 is an assembly regulator of γ-secretase in metabolic stress conditions. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/623/eaax8949. [PMID: 32184288 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme γ-secretase generates β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides by cleaving amyloid protein precursor (APP); the aggregation of these peptides is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the development of various γ-secretase regulators, their clinical use is limited by coincident disruption of other γ-secretase-regulated substrates, such as Notch. Using a genome-wide functional screen of γ-secretase activity in cells and a complementary DNA expression library, we found that SERP1 is a previously unknown γ-secretase activator that stimulates Aβ generation in cells experiencing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, such as is seen with diabetes. SERP1 interacted with a subcomplex of γ-secretase (APH1A/NCT) through its carboxyl terminus to enhance the assembly and, consequently, the activity of the γ-secretase holoenzyme complex. In response to ER stress, SERP1 preferentially recruited APP rather than Notch into the γ-secretase complex and enhanced the subcellular localization of the complex into lipid rafts, increasing Aβ production. Moreover, SERP1 abundance, γ-secretase assembly, and Aβ production were increased both in cells exposed to high amounts of glucose and in diabetic AD model mice. Conversely, Aβ production was decreased by knocking down SERP1 in cells or in the hippocampi of mice. Compared to postmortem samples from control individuals, those from patients with AD showed increased SERP1 expression in the hippocampus and parietal lobe. Together, our findings suggest that SERP1 is an APP-biased regulator of γ-secretase function in the context of cell stress, providing a possible molecular explanation for the link between diabetes and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junho Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihoon Nah
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jonghee Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaesang Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoonseo Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngdae Gwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seowon Moon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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32
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Abstract
Due to their topology tail-anchored (TA) proteins must target to the membrane independently of the co-translational route defined by the signal sequence recognition particle (SRP), its receptor and the translocon Sec61. More than a decade of work has extensively characterized a highly conserved pathway, the yeast GET or mammalian TRC40 pathway, which is capable of countering the biogenetic challenge posed by the C-terminal TA anchor. In this review we briefly summarize current models of this targeting route and focus on emerging aspects such as the intricate interplay with the proteostatic network of cells and with other targeting pathways. Importantly, we consider the lessons provided by the in vivo analysis of the pathway in different model organisms and by the consideration of its full client spectrum in more recent studies. This analysis of the state of the field highlights directions in which the current models may be experimentally probed and conceptually extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nica Borgese
- Institute of Neuroscience and BIOMETRA Department, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Javier Coy-Vergara
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara Francesca Colombo
- Institute of Neuroscience and BIOMETRA Department, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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33
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Molecular pathways of mitochondrial outer membrane protein degradation. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1437-1447. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) encloses inner compartments of mitochondria and integrates cytoplasmic signals to regulate essential mitochondrial processes, such as protein import, dynamics, metabolism, cell death, etc. A substantial understanding of MOM associated proteostatic stresses and quality control pathways has been obtained in recent years. Six MOM associated protein degradation (MAD) pathways center on three AAA ATPases: Cdc48 in the cytoplasm, Msp1 integral to MOM, and Yme1 integral to the inner membrane. These pathways survey MOM proteome from the cytoplasmic and the inter-membrane space (IMS) sides. They detect and degrade MOM proteins with misfolded cytoplasmic and IMS domains, remove mistargeted tail-anchored proteins, and clear mitochondrial precursor proteins clogged in the TOM import complex. These MOM associated protein quality control pathways collaboratively maintain mitochondrial proteostasis and cell viability.
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34
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Marx S, Dal Maso T, Chen JW, Bury M, Wouters J, Michiels C, Le Calvé B. Transmembrane (TMEM) protein family members: Poorly characterized even if essential for the metastatic process. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:96-106. [PMID: 31454669 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cancer-associated deaths are related to secondary tumor formation. This multistep process involves the migration of cancer cells to anatomically distant organs. Metastasis formation relies on cancer cell dissemination and survival in the circulatory system, as well as adaptation to the new tissue notably through genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. A large number of proteins are clearly identified to play a role in the metastatic process but the structures and modes of action of these proteins are essentially unknown or poorly described. In this review, we detail the involvement of members of the transmembrane (TMEM) protein family in the formation of metastases or in the mechanisms leading to cancer cell dissemination such as migration and extra-cellular matrix remodelling. While the phenotype associated with TMEM over or down-expression is clear, the mechanisms by which these proteins allow cancer cell spreading remain, for most of them, unclear. In parallel, the 3D structures of these proteins are presented. Moreover, we proposed that TMEM proteins could be used as prognostic markers in different types of cancers and could represent potential targets for cancer treatment. A better understanding of this heterogeneous family of poorly characterized proteins thus opens perspectives for better cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marx
- Department of Chemistry, NAmur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC-NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dal Maso
- Department of Chemistry, NAmur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC-NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marina Bury
- de Duve Institute, 75 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, NAmur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC-NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Le Calvé
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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35
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Coy-Vergara J, Rivera-Monroy J, Urlaub H, Lenz C, Schwappach B. A trap mutant reveals the physiological client spectrum of TRC40. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230094. [PMID: 31182645 PMCID: PMC6633398 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane recognition complex (TRC) pathway targets tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While many TA proteins are known to be able to use this pathway, it is essential for the targeting of only a few. Here, we uncover a large number of TA proteins that engage with TRC40 when other targeting machineries are fully operational. We use a dominant-negative ATPase-impaired mutant of TRC40 in which aspartate 74 was replaced by a glutamate residue to trap TA proteins in the cytoplasm. Manipulation of the hydrophobic TA-binding groove in TRC40 (also known as ASNA1) reduces interaction with most, but not all, substrates suggesting that co-purification may also reflect interactions unrelated to precursor protein targeting. We confirm known TRC40 substrates and identify many additional TA proteins interacting with TRC40. By using the trap approach in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that Golgi-resident TA proteins such as the golgins golgin-84, CASP and giantin as well as the vesicle-associated membrane-protein-associated proteins VAPA and VAPB interact with TRC40. Thus, our results provide new avenues to assess the essential role of TRC40 in metazoan organisms. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A strategy to decipher which tail-anchored proteins do (as opposed to can or must) use the TRC pathway in intact cells generates a comprehensive list of human TRC40 clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Coy-Vergara
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Jhon Rivera-Monroy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany .,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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36
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Costello JL, Passmore JB, Islinger M, Schrader M. Multi-localized Proteins: The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection. Subcell Biochem 2019; 89:383-415. [PMID: 30378033 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional organelles that play pivotal cooperative roles in the metabolism of cellular lipids and reactive oxygen species. Their functional interplay, the "peroxisome-mitochondria connection", also includes cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence, as well as coordinated biogenesis by sharing key division proteins. In this review, we focus on multi-localised proteins which are shared by peroxisomes and mitochondria in mammals. We first outline the targeting and sharing of matrix proteins which are involved in metabolic cooperation. Next, we discuss shared components of peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and division, and we present novel insights into the dual targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins. Finally, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of shared membrane proteins in disease. What emerges is that sharing of proteins between these two organelles plays a key role in their cooperative functions which, based on new findings, may be more extensive than originally envisaged. Gaining a better insight into organelle interplay and the targeting of shared proteins is pivotal to understanding how organelle cooperation contributes to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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37
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Ikeda KN, Freeman M. Spatial proteomics reveal that the protein phosphatase PTP1B interacts with and may modify tyrosine phosphorylation of the rhomboid protease RHBDL4. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11486-11497. [PMID: 31177093 PMCID: PMC6663880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhomboid-like proteins are evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitous polytopic membrane proteins, including the canonical rhomboid intramembrane serine proteases and also others that have lost protease activity during evolution. We still have much to learn about their cellular roles, and evidence suggests that some may have more than one function. For example, RHBDL4 (rhomboid-like protein 4) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protease that forms a ternary complex with ubiquitinated substrates and p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein), a major driver of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). RHBDL4 is required for ERAD of some substrates, such as the pre-T-cell receptor α chain (pTα) and has also been shown to cleave amyloid precursor protein to trigger its secretion. In another case, RHBDL4 enables the release of full-length transforming growth factor α in exosomes. Using the proximity proteomic method BioID, here we screened for proteins that interact with or are in close proximity to RHBDL4. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that BioID hits of RHBDL4 overlap with factors related to protein stress at the ER, including proteins that interact with p97/VCP. PTP1B (protein-tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1, also called PTPN1) was also identified as a potential proximity factor and interactor of RHBDL4. Analysis of RHBDL4 peptides highlighted the presence of tyrosine phosphorylation at the cytoplasmic RHBDL4 C terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis targeting these tyrosine residues revealed that their phosphorylation modifies binding of RHBDL4 to p97/VCP and Lys63-linked ubiquitinated proteins. Our work lays a critical foundation for future mechanistic studies of the roles of RHBDL4 in ERAD and other important cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro N Ikeda
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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38
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Vasquez-Montes V, Vargas-Uribe M, Pandey NK, Rodnin MV, Langen R, Ladokhin AS. Lipid-modulation of membrane insertion and refolding of the apoptotic inhibitor Bcl-xL. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:691-700. [PMID: 31004798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-xL is a member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptotic regulators, responsible for inhibiting the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, and a promising anti-cancer target. Bcl-xL exists in the following conformations, each believed to play a role in the inhibition of apoptosis: (a) a soluble folded conformation, (b) a membrane-anchored (by its C-terminal α8 helix) form, which retains the same fold as in solution and (c) refolded membrane-inserted conformations, for which no structural data are available. Previous studies established that in the cell Bcl-xL exists in a dynamic equilibrium between soluble and membranous states, however, no direct evidence exists in support of either anchored or inserted conformation of the membranous state in vivo. In this in vitro study, we employed a combination of fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy to characterize structural features of the bilayer-inserted conformation of Bcl-xL and the lipid modulation of its membrane insertion transition. Our results indicate that the core hydrophobic helix α6 inserts into the bilayer without adopting a transmembrane orientation. This insertion disrupts the packing of Bcl-xL and releases the regulatory N-terminal BH4 domain (α1) from the rest of the protein structure. Our data demonstrate that both insertion and refolding of Bcl-xL are modulated by lipid composition, which brings the apparent pKa of insertion to the threshold of physiological pH. We hypothesize that conformational rearrangements associated with the bilayer insertion of Bcl-xL result in its switching to a so-called non-canonical mode of apoptotic inhibition. Presented results suggest that the alteration in lipid composition before and during apoptosis can serve as an additional factor regulating the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vasquez-Montes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mauricio Vargas-Uribe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nitin K Pandey
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mykola V Rodnin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ralf Langen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alexey S Ladokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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39
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Mlynarova J, Trentin-Sonoda M, Gaisler da Silva F, Major JL, Salih M, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Tuana BS. SLMAP3 isoform modulates cardiac gene expression and function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214669. [PMID: 30934005 PMCID: PMC6443179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcolemmal membrane associated proteins (SLMAPs) belong to the super family of tail anchored membrane proteins which serve diverse roles in biology including cell growth, protein trafficking and ion channel regulation. Mutations in human SLMAP have been linked to Brugada syndrome with putative deficits in trafficking of the sodium channel (Nav1.5) to the cell membrane resulting in aberrant electrical activity and heart function. Three main SLMAP isoforms (SLMAP1 (35 kDa), SLMAP2 (45 kDa), and SLMAP3 (91 kDa)) are expressed in myocardium but their precise role remains to be defined. Here we generated transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-specific expression of the SLMAP3 isoform during postnatal development which present with a significant decrease (20%) in fractional shortening and (11%) in cardiac output at 5 weeks of age. There was a lack of any notable cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy, fibrosis or fetal gene activation) in Tg hearts but the electrocardiogram indicated a significant increase (14%) in the PR interval and a decrease (43%) in the R amplitude. Western blot analysis indicated a selective and significant decrease (55%) in protein levels of Nav1.5 while 45% drop in its transcript levels were detectable by qRT-PCR. Significant decreases in the protein and transcript levels of the calcium transport system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2a/PLN) were also evident in Tg hearts. These data reveal a novel role for SLMAP3 in the selective regulation of important ion transport proteins at the level of gene expression and suggest that it may be a unique target in cardiovascular function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mlynarova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mayra Trentin-Sonoda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fernanda Gaisler da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Major
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maysoon Salih
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Balwant S. Tuana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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40
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Li L, Zheng J, Wu X, Jiang H. Mitochondrial AAA-ATPase Msp1 detects mislocalized tail-anchored proteins through a dual-recognition mechanism. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846989. [PMID: 30858337 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved AAA-ATPase Msp1 is embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane and removes mislocalized tail-anchored (TA) proteins upon dysfunction of the guided entry of tail-anchored (GET) pathway. It remains unclear how Msp1 recognizes its substrates. Here, we extensively characterize Msp1 and its substrates, including the mitochondrially targeted Pex15Δ30, and full-length Pex15, which mislocalizes to mitochondria upon dysfunction of Pex19 but not the GET pathway. Moreover, we identify two new substrates, Frt1 and Ysy6. Our results suggest that mislocalized TA proteins expose hydrophobic surfaces in the cytoplasm and are recognized by Msp1 through conserved hydrophobic residues. Introducing a hydrophobic patch into mitochondrial TA proteins transforms them into Msp1 substrates. In addition, Pex15Δ30 and Frt1 contain basic inter-membrane space (IMS) residues critical for their mitochondrial mistargeting. Remarkably, Msp1 recognizes this feature through the acidic D12 residue in its IMS domain. This dual-recognition mechanism involving interactions at the cytoplasmic and IMS domains of Msp1 and substrates greatly facilitates substrate recognition and is required by Msp1 to safeguard mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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41
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Teresinski HJ, Gidda SK, Nguyen TND, Howard NJM, Porter BK, Grimberg N, Smith MD, Andrews DW, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. An RK/ST C-Terminal Motif is Required for Targeting of OEP7.2 and a Subset of Other Arabidopsis Tail-Anchored Proteins to the Plastid Outer Envelope Membrane. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:516-537. [PMID: 30521026 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a unique class of integral membrane proteins that possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain and target post-translationally to the specific organelles at which they function. While significant advances have been made in recent years in elucidating the mechanisms and molecular targeting signals involved in the proper sorting of TA proteins, particularly to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, relatively little is known about the targeting of TA proteins to the plastid outer envelope. Here we show that several known or predicted plastid TA outer envelope proteins (OEPs) in Arabidopsis possess a C-terminal RK/ST sequence motif that serves as a conserved element of their plastid targeting signal. Evidence for this conclusion comes primarily from experiments with OEP7.2, which is a member of the Arabidopsis 7 kDa OEP family. We confirmed that OEP7.2 is localized to the plastid outer envelope and possesses a TA topology, and its C-terminal sequence (CTS), which includes the RK/ST motif, is essential for proper targeting to plastids. The CTS of OEP7.2 is functionally interchangeable with the CTSs of other TA OEPs that possess similar RK/ST motifs, but not with those that lack the motif. Further, a bioinformatics search based on a consensus sequence led to the identification of several new OEP TA proteins. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms of TA protein sorting in plant cells, defines a new targeting signal element for a subset of TA OEPs and expands the number and repertoire of TA proteins at the plastid outer envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Teresinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder K Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thuy N D Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi J Marty Howard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany K Porter
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Grimberg
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Chitwood PJ, Hegde RS. The Role of EMC during Membrane Protein Biogenesis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:371-384. [PMID: 30826214 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago, high-throughput genetic interaction analyses revealed an abundant and widely conserved protein complex residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Dubbed the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), its disruption has since been found to affect wide-ranging processes, including protein trafficking, organelle communication, ER stress, viral maturation, lipid homeostasis, and others. However, its molecular function has remained enigmatic. Recent studies suggest a role for EMC during membrane protein biogenesis. Biochemical reconstitution experiments show that EMC can directly mediate the insertion of transmembrane domains (TMDs) into the lipid bilayer. Given the large proportion of genes encoding membrane proteins, a central role for EMC as a TMD insertion factor can explain its high abundance, wide conservation, and pleiotropic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Chitwood
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB20QH, UK
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB20QH, UK.
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43
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Mundhenk J, Fusi C, Kreutz MR. Caldendrin and Calneurons-EF-Hand CaM-Like Calcium Sensors With Unique Features and Specialized Neuronal Functions. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30787867 PMCID: PMC6372560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The calmodulin (CaM)-like Ca2+-sensor proteins caldendrin, calneuron-1 and -2 are members of the neuronal calcium-binding protein (nCaBP)-family, a family that evolved relatively late during vertebrate evolution. All three proteins are abundant in brain but show a strikingly different subcellular localization. Whereas caldendrin is enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD), calneuron-1 and -2 accumulate at the trans-Golgi-network (TGN). Caldendrin exhibit a unique bipartite structure with a basic and proline-rich N-terminus while calneurons are the only EF-Hand CaM-like transmembrane proteins. These uncommon structural features come along with highly specialized functions of calneurons in Golgi-to-plasma-membrane trafficking and for caldendrin in actin-remodeling in dendritic spine synapses. In this review article, we will provide a synthesis of available data on the structure and biophysical properties of all three proteins. We will then discuss their cellular function with special emphasis on synaptic neurotransmission. Finally, we will summarize the evidence for a role of these proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mundhenk
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Fusi
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Targeting of LRRC59 to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Inner Nuclear Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020334. [PMID: 30650545 PMCID: PMC6359192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRC59 (leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59) is a tail-anchored protein with a single transmembrane domain close to its C-terminal end that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear envelope. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of membrane integration of LRRC59 and its targeting to the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Using purified microsomes, we show that LRRC59 can be post-translationally inserted into ER-derived membranes. The TRC-pathway, a major route for post-translational membrane insertion, is not required for LRRC59. Like emerin, another tail-anchored protein, LRRC59 reaches the INM, as demonstrated by rapamycin-dependent dimerization assays. Using different approaches to inhibit importin α/β-dependent nuclear import of soluble proteins, we show that the classic nuclear transport machinery does not play a major role in INM-targeting of LRRC59. Instead, the size of the cytoplasmic domain of LRRC59 is an important feature, suggesting that targeting is governed by passive diffusion.
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45
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Maity A, Sinha S, Ghosh Dastidar S. Dissecting the thermodynamic contributions of the charged residues in the membrane anchoring of Bcl-xl C-terminal domain. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 218:112-124. [PMID: 30550879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal helix of the Bcl-xl is known to initiate the membrane insertion of the protein by anchoring into the mitochondrial outer membrane. The C-terminal charged residues of that helix, R232 and K233, are reported to have an important structural role in the process of that insertion. The present work provides a quantitative understanding of the thermodynamic contribution of these residues on the membrane insertion energy-profile, calculated from the Adaptive Biasing Force based MD simulations of 2.67 μs altogether. Interestingly, the effect of the single neutralizing mutations at the C-terminus, i.e. K233A or R232A, is easily tolerated by the peptide without impacting the nature of insertion energy-profile, indicating the efficiency of one positively charged residue to drive the insertion. Whereas a double mutant, i.e. R232A and K233A, makes a significant impact on the energy-profile by destabilizing the membrane-associated states, as well as the membrane-embedded states. The finding provides molecular-level mechanistic insight. The water-mediated interaction formed by the peptide polar side chains within the bilayer core is found to modulate the membrane response during peptide insertion and that subsequently regulates the insertion mechanism. Mutation of the C-terminal residues eventually alters such a cascade of interactions that results in an insertion through energetically more expensive pathway. Since any one of the positively charged residues at the terminal is critical to ensure the membrane insertion, it appears that the natural selection of 'two' instead of 'one' charged residue is redundant in the context of membrane anchoring but may be important for other biochemical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Maity
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Souvik Sinha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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46
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Pangrsic T, Vogl C. Balancing presynaptic release and endocytic membrane retrieval at hair cell ribbon synapses. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3633-3650. [PMID: 30251250 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The timely and reliable processing of auditory and vestibular information within the inner ear requires highly sophisticated sensory transduction pathways. On a cellular level, these demands are met by hair cells, which respond to sound waves - or alterations in body positioning - by releasing glutamate-filled synaptic vesicles (SVs) from their presynaptic active zones with unprecedented speed and exquisite temporal fidelity, thereby initiating the auditory and vestibular pathways. In order to achieve this, hair cells have developed anatomical and molecular specializations, such as the characteristic and name-giving 'synaptic ribbons' - presynaptically anchored dense bodies that tether SVs prior to release - as well as other unique or unconventional synaptic proteins. The tightly orchestrated interplay between these molecular components enables not only ultrafast exocytosis, but similarly rapid and efficient compensatory endocytosis. So far, the knowledge of how endocytosis operates at hair cell ribbon synapses is limited. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the SV cycle and molecular anatomy of hair cell ribbon synapses, with a focus on cochlear inner hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Pangrsic
- Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Vogl
- Presynaptogenesis and Intracellular Transport in Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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Manu M, Ghosh D, Chaudhari BP, Ramasamy S. Analysis of tail-anchored protein translocation pathway in plants. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:161-167. [PMID: 29872748 PMCID: PMC5986991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a special class of membrane proteins that carry out vital functions in all living cells. Targeting mechanisms of TA proteins are investigated as the best example for post-translational protein targeting in yeast. Of the several mechanisms, Guided Entry of Tail-anchored protein (GET) pathway plays a major role in TA protein targeting. Many in silico and in vivo analyses are geared to identify TA proteins and their targeting mechanisms in different systems including Arabidopsis thaliana. Yet, crop plants that grow in specific and/or different conditions are not investigated for the presence of TA proteins and GET pathway. This study majorly investigates GET pathway in two crop plants, Oryza sativa subsp. Indica and Solanum tuberosum, through detailed in silico analysis. 508 and 912 TA proteins are identified in Oryza sativa subsp. Indica and Solanum tuberosum respectively and their localization with respect to endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and chloroplast has been delineated. Similarly, the associated GET proteins are identified (Get1, Get3 and Get4) and their structural inferences are elucidated using homology modelling. Get3 models are based on yeast Get3. The cytoplasmic Get3 from O. sativa is identified to be very similar to yeast Get3 with conserved P-loop and TA binding groove. Three cytoplasmic Get3s are identified for S. tuberosum. Taken together, this is the first study to identify TA proteins and GET components in Oryza sativa subsp. Indica and Solanum tuberosum, forming the basis for any further experimental characterization of TA targeting and GET pathway mechanisms in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Manu
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepanjan Ghosh
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bhushan P. Chaudhari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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48
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CRISPR genetic screens to discover host–virus interactions. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 29:87-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Yamamoto Y, Sakisaka T. The peroxisome biogenesis factors posttranslationally target reticulon homology domain-containing proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2322. [PMID: 29396426 PMCID: PMC5797116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shaped by a class of membrane proteins containing reticulon homology domain (RHD), the conserved hydrophobic domain encompassing two short hairpin transmembrane domains. RHD resides in the outer leaflet of the ER membrane, generating high-curvature ER membrane. While most of the membrane proteins destined to enter the secretory pathway are cotranslationally targeted and inserted into ER membrane, the molecular mechanism how the RHD-containing proteins are targeted and inserted into the ER membrane remains to be clarified. Here we show that RHD-containing proteins can be posttranslationally targeted to the ER membrane. PEX19, a cytosolic peroxin, selectively recognizes the nascent RHD-containing proteins and mediates their posttranslational targeting in cooperation with PEX3, a membrane peroxin. Thus, these peroxisome biogenesis factors provide an alternative posttranslational route for membrane insertion of the RHD-containing proteins, implying that ER membrane shaping and peroxisome biogenesis may be coordinated by the posttranslational membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yamamoto
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sakisaka
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Evolution and adaptation of single-pass transmembrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:364-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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