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Varela Salgado M, Adriaans IE, Touati SA, Ibanes S, Lai-Kee-Him J, Ancelin A, Cipelletti L, Picas L, Piatti S. Phosphorylation of the F-BAR protein Hof1 drives septin ring splitting in budding yeast. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3383. [PMID: 38649354 PMCID: PMC11035697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A double septin ring accompanies cytokinesis in yeasts and mammalian cells. In budding yeast, reorganisation of the septin collar at the bud neck into a dynamic double ring is essential for actomyosin ring constriction and cytokinesis. Septin reorganisation requires the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), a kinase cascade essential for cytokinesis. However, the effectors of MEN in this process are unknown. Here we identify the F-BAR protein Hof1 as a critical target of MEN in septin remodelling. Phospho-mimicking HOF1 mutant alleles overcome the inability of MEN mutants to undergo septin reorganisation by decreasing Hof1 binding to septins and facilitating its translocation to the actomyosin ring. Hof1-mediated septin rearrangement requires its F-BAR domain, suggesting that it may involve a local membrane remodelling that leads to septin reorganisation. In vitro Hof1 can induce the formation of intertwined septin bundles, while a phosphomimetic Hof1 protein has impaired septin-bundling activity. Altogether, our data indicate that Hof1 modulates septin architecture in distinct ways depending on its phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritzaida Varela Salgado
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Ingrid E Adriaans
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra A Touati
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sandy Ibanes
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Joséphine Lai-Kee-Him
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U 1054, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Ancelin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U 1054, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- L2C (Laboratoire Charles Coulomb), University of Montpellier, CNRS 34095, Montpellier, France
- IUF (Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Laura Picas
- IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Willet AH, Chen JS, Ren L, Gould KL. Membrane binding of endocytic myosin-1s is inhibited by a class of ankyrin repeat proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br17. [PMID: 37531259 PMCID: PMC10559312 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-1s are monomeric actin-based motors that function at membranes. Myo1 is the single myosin-1 isoform in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that works redundantly with Wsp1-Vrp1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex for endocytosis. Here, we identified Ank1 as an uncharacterized cytoplasmic Myo1 binding partner. We found that in ank1Δ cells, Myo1 dramatically redistributed from endocytic patches to decorate the entire plasma membrane and endocytosis was defective. Biochemical analysis and structural predictions suggested that the Ank1 ankyrin repeats bind the Myo1 lever arm and the Ank1 acidic tail binds the Myo1 TH1 domain to prevent TH1-dependent Myo1 membrane binding. Indeed, Ank1 overexpression precluded Myo1 membrane localization and recombinant Ank1 reduced purified Myo1 liposome binding in vitro. Based on biochemical and cell biological analyses, we propose budding yeast Ank1 and human OSTF1 are functional Ank1 orthologs and that cytoplasmic sequestration by small ankyrin repeat proteins is a conserved mechanism regulating myosin-1s in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H. Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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3
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Willet AH, Chen JS, Ren L, Gould KL. Membrane binding of endocytic myosin-1s is inhibited by a class of ankyrin repeat proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538419. [PMID: 37163016 PMCID: PMC10168314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Myosin-1s are monomeric actin-based motors that function at membranes. Myo1 is the single myosin-1 isoform in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that works redundantly with Wsp1-Vrp1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex for endocytosis. Here, we identified Ank1 as an uncharacterized cytoplasmic Myo1 binding partner. We found that in ank1Δ cells, Myo1 dramatically redistributed from endocytic patches to decorate the entire plasma membrane and endocytosis was defective. Biochemical analysis and structural predictions suggested that the Ank1 ankyrin repeats bind the Myo1 lever arm and the Ank1 acidic tail binds the Myo1 TH1 domain to prevent TH1-dependent Myo1 membrane binding. Indeed, Ank1 over-expression precluded Myo1 membrane localization and recombinant Ank1 blocked purified Myo1 liposome binding in vitro. Based on biochemical and cell biology analyses, we propose budding yeast Ank1 and human OSTF1 are functional Ank1 orthologs and that cytoplasmic sequestration by small ankyrin repeat proteins is a conserved mechanism regulating myosin-1s in endocytosis. Summary Fission yeast long-tailed myosin-1 binds Ank1. Ank1 ankyrin repeats associate with the Myo1 lever arm and Ank1 acidic tail binds the Myo1 TH1 domain to inhibit Myo1 membrane binding. Ank1 orthologs exists in budding yeast (Ank1) and humans (OSTF1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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4
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Bhattacharjee R, Hall AR, Mangione MC, Igarashi MG, Roberts-Galbraith RH, Chen JS, Vavylonis D, Gould KL. Multiple polarity kinases inhibit phase separation of F-BAR protein Cdc15 and antagonize cytokinetic ring assembly in fission yeast. eLife 2023; 12:83062. [PMID: 36749320 PMCID: PMC9904764 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The F-BAR protein Cdc15 is essential for cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and plays a key role in attaching the cytokinetic ring (CR) to the plasma membrane (PM). Cdc15's abilities to bind to the membrane and oligomerize via its F-BAR domain are inhibited by phosphorylation of its intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Multiple cell polarity kinases regulate Cdc15 IDR phosphostate, and of these the DYRK kinase Pom1 phosphorylation sites on Cdc15 have been shown in vivo to prevent CR formation at cell tips. Here, we compared the ability of Pom1 to control Cdc15 phosphostate and cortical localization to that of other Cdc15 kinases: Kin1, Pck1, and Shk1. We identified distinct but overlapping cohorts of Cdc15 phosphorylation sites targeted by each kinase, and the number of sites correlated with each kinases' abilities to influence Cdc15 PM localization. Coarse-grained simulations predicted that cumulative IDR phosphorylation moves the IDRs of a dimer apart and toward the F-BAR tips. Further, simulations indicated that the overall negative charge of phosphorylation masks positively charged amino acids necessary for F-BAR oligomerization and membrane interaction. Finally, simulations suggested that dephosphorylated Cdc15 undergoes phase separation driven by IDR interactions. Indeed, dephosphorylated but not phosphorylated Cdc15 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to form droplets in vitro that recruit Cdc15 binding partners. In cells, Cdc15 phosphomutants also formed PM-bound condensates that recruit other CR components. Together, we propose that a threshold of Cdc15 phosphorylation by assorted kinases prevents Cdc15 condensation on the PM and antagonizes CR assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Aaron R Hall
- Department of Physics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - MariaSanta C Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Maya G Igarashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel H Roberts-Galbraith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Dimitrios Vavylonis
- Department of Physics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States,Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
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5
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Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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6
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Bellingham-Johnstun K, Commer B, Levesque B, Tyree ZL, Laplante C. Imp2p forms actin-dependent clusters and imparts stiffness to the contractile ring. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar145. [PMID: 36287824 PMCID: PMC9727792 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile ring must anchor to the plasma membrane and cell wall to transmit its tension. F-BAR domain containing proteins including Imp2p and Cdc15p in fission yeast are likely candidate anchoring proteins based on their mutant phenotypes. Cdc15p is a node component, links the actin bundle to the plasma membrane, recruits Bgs1p to the division plane, prevents contractile ring sliding, and contributes to the stiffness of the contractile ring. Less is known about Imp2p. We found that similarly to Cdc15p, Imp2p contributes to the stiffness of the contractile ring and assembles into protein clusters. Imp2p clusters contain approximately eight Imp2p dimers and depend on the actin network for their stability at the division plane. Importantly, Imp2p and Cdc15p reciprocally affect the amount of each other in the contractile ring, indicating that the two proteins influence each other during cytokinesis, which may partially explain their similar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blake Commer
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Brié Levesque
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Zoe L Tyree
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Caroline Laplante
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
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7
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Moshtohry M, Bellingham-Johnstun K, Elting MW, Laplante C. Laser ablation reveals the impact of Cdc15p on the stiffness of the contractile. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br9. [PMID: 35274981 PMCID: PMC9265155 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanics that govern the constriction of the contractile ring remain poorly understood yet are critical to understanding the forces that drive cytokinesis. We used laser ablation in fission yeast cells to unravel these mechanics focusing on the role of Cdc15p as a putative anchoring protein. Our work shows that the severed constricting contractile ring recoils to a finite point leaving a gap that can heal if less than ∼1 µm. Severed contractile rings in Cdc15p-depleted cells exhibit an exaggerated recoil, which suggests that the recoil is limited by the anchoring of the ring to the plasma membrane. Based on a physical model of the severed contractile ring, we propose that Cdc15p impacts the stiffness of the contractile ring more than the viscous drag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moshtohry
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | | | - Mary Williard Elting
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.,Cluster for Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Caroline Laplante
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.,Cluster for Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
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8
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Bellingham-Johnstun K, Anders EC, Ravi J, Bruinsma C, Laplante C. Molecular organization of cytokinesis node predicts the constriction rate of the contractile ring. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211718. [PMID: 33496728 PMCID: PMC7844425 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular organization of cytokinesis proteins governs contractile ring function. We used single molecule localization microscopy in live cells to elucidate the molecular organization of cytokinesis proteins and relate it to the constriction rate of the contractile ring. Wild-type fission yeast cells assemble contractile rings by the coalescence of cortical proteins complexes called nodes whereas cells without Anillin/Mid1p (Δmid1) lack visible nodes yet assemble contractile rings competent for constriction from the looping of strands. We leveraged the Δmid1 contractile ring assembly mechanism to determine how two distinct molecular organizations, nodes versus strands, can yield functional contractile rings. Contrary to previous interpretations, nodes assemble in Δmid1 cells. Our results suggest that Myo2p heads condense upon interaction with actin filaments and an excess number of Myo2p heads bound to actin filaments hinders constriction thus reducing the constriction rate. Our work establishes a predictive correlation between the molecular organization of nodes and the behavior of the contractile ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Bellingham-Johnstun
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Erica Casey Anders
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - John Ravi
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Christina Bruinsma
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Caroline Laplante
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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9
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Willet AH, Igarashi MG, Chen JS, Bhattacharjee R, Ren L, Cullati SN, Elmore ZC, Roberts-Galbraith RH, Johnson AE, Beckley JR, Gould KL. Phosphorylation in the intrinsically disordered region of F-BAR protein Imp2 regulates its contractile ring recruitment. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271847. [PMID: 34279633 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-BAR protein Imp2 is an important contributor to cytokinesis in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Because cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of the central intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the Imp2 paralog, Cdc15, controls Cdc15 oligomerization state, localization, and ability to bind protein partners, we investigated whether Imp2 is similarly phosphoregulated. We found that Imp2 is endogenously phosphorylated on 28 sites within its IDR with the bulk of phosphorylation being constitutive. In vitro, casein kinase 1 (CK1) Hhp1 and Hhp2 can phosphorylate 17 sites and Cdk1 the remaining 11 sites. Mutations that prevent Cdk1 phosphorylation result in precocious Imp2 recruitment to the cell division site, and mutations designed to mimic these phosphorylation events delay Imp2 CR accumulation. Mutations that eliminated CK1 phosphorylation sites allowed CR sliding, and phosphomimetic substitutions at these sites reduced Imp2 protein levels and slowed CR constriction. Thus, like Cdc15, the Imp2 IDR is phosphorylated at many sites by multiple kinases. In contrast to Cdc15, for which phosphorylation plays a major cell cycle regulatory role, Imp2 phosphorylation is primarily constitutive with milder effects on localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Maya G Igarashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Rahul Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sierra N Cullati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Zachary C Elmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Rachel H Roberts-Galbraith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Alyssa E Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Janel R Beckley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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10
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Snider CE, Chandra M, McDonald NA, Willet AH, Collier SE, Ohi MD, Jackson LP, Gould KL. Opposite Surfaces of the Cdc15 F-BAR Domain Create a Membrane Platform That Coordinates Cytoskeletal and Signaling Components for Cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108526. [PMID: 33357436 PMCID: PMC7775634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotes assemble an actin- and myosin-based cytokinetic ring (CR) on the plasma membrane (PM) for cell division, but how it is anchored there remains unclear. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the F-BAR protein Cdc15 links the PM via its F-BAR domain to proteins in the CR’s interior via its SH3 domain. However, Cdc15’s F-BAR domain also directly binds formin Cdc12, suggesting that Cdc15 may polymerize a protein network directly adjacent to the membrane. Here, we determine that the F-BAR domain binds Cdc12 using residues on the face opposite its membrane-binding surface. These residues also bind paxillin-like Pxl1, promoting its recruitment with calcineurin to the CR. Mutation of these F-BAR domain residues results in a shallower CR, with components localizing ~35% closer to the PM than in wild type, and aberrant CR constriction. Thus, F-BAR domains serve as oligomeric membrane-bound platforms that can modulate the architecture of an entire actin structure. Multiple F-BAR domains link actin structures to membrane. Snider et al. show that the flat Cdc15 F-BAR domain utilizes opposite surfaces to bind the plasma membrane and cytokinetic ring proteins simultaneously. Disrupting Cdc15 F-BAR domain’s interaction with proteins results in an overall compression of the entire cytokinetic ring architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Snider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mintu Chandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Scott E Collier
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melanie D Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren P Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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11
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Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of IQGAP is involved in assembly and stability of the contractile ring in fission yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1026-1032. [PMID: 33131769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division and is driven by the constriction of the medial actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR) in many eukaryotic cells. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the IQGAP-like protein Rng2 is required for assembly and constriction of the CR, and specifically interacts with actin filaments (F-actin) in the CR after anaphase. However, the mechanism that timely activates Rng2 has not yet been elucidated. We herein tested the hypothesis that the cytokinetic function of Rng2 is regulated by phosphorylation by examining phenotypes of a series of non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic rng2 mutant strains. In phosphomimetic mutant cells, F-actin in the CR was unstable. Genetic analyses indicated that phosphorylated Rng2 was involved in CR assembly in cooperation with myosin-II, whereas the phosphomimetic mutation attenuated the localization of Rng2 to CR F-actin. The present results suggest that Rng2 is phosphorylated during CR assembly and then dephosphorylated, which enhances the interaction between Rng2 and CR F-actin to stabilize the ring, thereby ensuring secure cytokinesis.
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12
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Bhattacharjee R, Mangione MC, Wos M, Chen JS, Snider CE, Roberts-Galbraith RH, McDonald NA, Presti LL, Martin SG, Gould KL. DYRK kinase Pom1 drives F-BAR protein Cdc15 from the membrane to promote medial division. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:917-929. [PMID: 32101481 PMCID: PMC7185970 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In many organisms, positive and negative signals cooperate to position the division site for cytokinesis. In the rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, symmetric division is achieved through anillin/Mid1-dependent positive cues released from the central nucleus and negative signals from the DYRK-family polarity kinase Pom1 at cell tips. Here we establish that Pom1's kinase activity prevents septation at cell tips even if Mid1 is absent or mislocalized. We also find that Pom1 phosphorylation of F-BAR protein Cdc15, a major scaffold of the division apparatus, disrupts Cdc15's ability to bind membranes and paxillin, Pxl1, thereby inhibiting Cdc15's function in cytokinesis. A Cdc15 mutant carrying phosphomimetic versions of Pom1 sites or deletion of Cdc15 binding partners suppresses division at cell tips in cells lacking both Mid1 and Pom1 signals. Thus, inhibition of Cdc15-scaffolded septum formation at cell poles is a key Pom1 mechanism that ensures medial division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - MariaSanta C Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Marcin Wos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Chloe E Snider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Rachel H Roberts-Galbraith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
| | - Libera Lo Presti
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie G Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37205
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13
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Cifrová P, Oulehlová D, Kollárová E, Martinek J, Rosero A, Žárský V, Schwarzerová K, Cvrčková F. Division of Labor Between Two Actin Nucleators-the Formin FH1 and the ARP2/3 Complex-in Arabidopsis Epidermal Cell Morphogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32194585 PMCID: PMC7061858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ARP2/3 complex and formins are the only known plant actin nucleators. Besides their actin-related functions, both systems also modulate microtubule organization and dynamics. Loss of the main housekeeping Arabidopsis thaliana Class I membrane-targeted formin FH1 (At3g25500) is known to increase cotyledon pavement cell lobing, while mutations affecting ARP2/3 subunits exhibit an opposite effect. Here we examine the role of FH1 and the ARP2/3 complex subunit ARPC5 (At4g01710) in epidermal cell morphogenesis with focus on pavement cells and trichomes using a model system of single fh1 and arpc5, as well as double fh1 arpc5 mutants. While cotyledon pavement cell shape in double mutants mostly resembled single arpc5 mutants, analysis of true leaf epidermal morphology, as well as actin and microtubule organization and dynamics, revealed a more complex relationship between the two systems and similar, rather than antagonistic, effects on some parameters. Both fh1 and arpc5 mutations increased actin network density and increased cell shape complexity in pavement cells and trichomes of first true leaves, in contrast to cotyledons. Thus, while the two actin nucleation systems have complementary roles in some aspects of cell morphogenesis in cotyledon pavement cells, they may act in parallel in other cell types and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Oulehlová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kollárová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Martinek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amparo Rosero
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Fatima Cvrčková,
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14
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Paxillin-Mediated Recruitment of Calcineurin to the Contractile Ring Is Required for the Correct Progression of Cytokinesis in Fission Yeast. Cell Rep 2019; 25:772-783.e4. [PMID: 30332655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a scaffold protein that participates in focal adhesion signaling in mammalian cells. Fission yeast paxillin ortholog, Pxl1, is required for contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) integrity and collaborates with the β-glucan synthase Bgs1 in septum formation. We show here that Pxl1's main function is to recruit calcineurin (CN) phosphatase to the actomyosin ring; and thus the absence of either Pxl1 or calcineurin causes similar cytokinesis defects. In turn, CN participates in the dephosphorylation of the Cdc15 F-BAR protein, which recruits and concentrates Pxl1 at the CAR. Our findings suggest the existence of a positive feedback loop between Pxl1 and CN and establish that Pxl1 is a crucial component of the CN signaling pathway during cytokinesis.
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15
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Hercyk BS, Das ME. F-BAR Cdc15 Promotes Cdc42 Activation During Cytokinesis and Cell Polarization in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2019; 213:1341-1356. [PMID: 31591131 PMCID: PMC6893373 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a Rho-family GTPase, is a master regulator of cell polarity. Recently, it has been shown that Cdc42 also facilitates proper cytokinesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc42 is activated by two partially redundant GEFs, Gef1 and Scd1. Although both GEFs activate Cdc42, their deletion mutants display distinct phenotypes, indicating that they are differentially regulated by an unknown mechanism. During cytokinesis, Gef1 localizes to the division site and activates Cdc42 to initiate ring constriction and septum ingression. Here, we report that the F-BAR protein Cdc15 promotes Gef1 localization to its functional sites. We show that cdc15 promotes Gef1 association with cortical puncta at the incipient division site to activate Cdc42 during ring assembly. Moreover, cdc15 phospho-mutants phenocopy the polarity phenotypes of gef1 mutants. In a hypermorphic cdc15 mutant, Gef1 localizes precociously to the division site and is readily detected at the cortical patches and the cell cortex. Correspondingly, the hypermorphic cdc15 mutant shows increased bipolarity during interphase and precocious Cdc42 activation at the division site during cytokinesis. Finally, loss of gef1 in hypermorphic cdc15 mutants abrogates the increased bipolarity and precocious Cdc42 activation phenotype. We did not see any change in the localization of the other GEF Scd1 in a Cdc15-dependent manner. Our data indicate that Cdc15 facilitates Cdc42 activation at the division site during cytokinesis at the cell cortex to promote bipolarity and this is mediated by promoting Gef1 localization to these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Hercyk
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Maitreyi E Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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16
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Barger SR, James ML, Pellenz CD, Krendel M, Sirotkin V. Human myosin 1e tail but not motor domain replaces fission yeast Myo1 domains to support myosin-I function during endocytosis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111625. [PMID: 31542284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In both unicellular and multicellular organisms, long-tailed class I myosins function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Myosin 1e (Myo1e) in vertebrates and Myo1 in fission yeast have similar domain organization, yet whether these proteins or their individual protein domains are functionally interchangeable remains unknown. In an effort to assess functional conservation of class I myosins, we tested whether human Myo1e could replace Myo1 in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and found that it was unable to substitute for yeast Myo1. To determine if any individual protein domain is responsible for the inability of Myo1e to function in yeast, we created human-yeast myosin-I chimeras. By functionally testing these chimeric myosins in vivo, we concluded that the Myo1e motor domain is unable to function in yeast, even when combined with the yeast Myo1 tail and a full complement of yeast regulatory light chains. Conversely, the Myo1e tail, when attached to the yeast Myo1 motor domain, supports localization to endocytic actin patches and partially rescues the endocytosis defect in myo1Δ cells. Further dissection showed that both the TH1 and TH2-SH3 domains in the human Myo1e tail are required for localization and function of chimeric myosin-I at endocytic sites. Overall, this study provides insights into the role of individual myosin-I domains, expands the utility of fission yeast as a simple model system to study the effects of disease-associated MYO1E mutations, and supports a model of co-evolution between a myosin motor and its actin track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Michael L James
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Christopher D Pellenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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17
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Mangione MC, Snider CE, Gould KL. The intrinsically disordered region of the cytokinetic F-BAR protein Cdc15 performs a unique essential function in maintenance of cytokinetic ring integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2790-2801. [PMID: 31509478 PMCID: PMC6789166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-06-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful separation of two daughter cells (i.e., cytokinesis) is essential for life. Many eukaryotic cells divide using a contractile apparatus called the cytokinetic ring (CR) that associates dynamically with the plasma membrane (PM) and generates force that contributes to PM ingression between daughter cells. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, important membrane-CR scaffolds include the paralogous F-BAR proteins Cdc15 and Imp2. Their conserved protein structure consists of the archetypal F-BAR domain linked to an SH3 domain by an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Functions have been assigned to the F-BAR and SH3 domains. In this study we probed the function of the central IDR. We found that the IDR of Cdc15 is essential for viability and cannot be replaced by that of Imp2, whereas the F-BAR domain of Cdc15 can be swapped with several different F-BAR domains, including that of Imp2. Deleting part of the IDR results in CR defects and abolishes calcineurin phosphatase localization to the CR. Together these results indicate that Cdc15's IDR has a nonredundant essential function that coordinates regulation of CR architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaSanta C. Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Chloe E. Snider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
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18
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MacQuarrie CD, Mangione MC, Carroll R, James M, Gould KL, Sirotkin V. The S. pombe adaptor protein Bbc1 regulates localization of Wsp1 and Vrp1 during endocytic actin patch assembly. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs233502. [PMID: 31391237 PMCID: PMC6771142 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arp2/3 complex-nucleated branched actin networks provide the key force necessary for endocytosis. The Arp2/3 complex is activated by nucleation-promoting factors including the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (Wsp1) and myosin-1 (Myo1). There are >40 known yeast endocytic proteins with distinct spatial and temporal localizations and functions; however, it is still unclear how these proteins work together to drive endocytosis. Here, we used quantitative live-cell imaging to determine the function of the uncharacterized S. pombe protein Bbc1. We discovered that Myo1 interacts with and recruits Bbc1 to sites of endocytosis. Bbc1 competes with the verprolin Vrp1 for localization to patches and association with Myo1, thus releasing Vrp1 and its binding partner Wsp1 from Myo1. Normally Myo1 remains at the base of the endocytic invagination and Vrp1-Wsp1 internalizes with the endocytic vesicle. However, in the absence of Bbc1, a portion of Vrp1-Wsp1 remains with Myo1 at the base of the invagination, and endocytic structures internalize twice as far. We propose that Bbc1 disrupts a transient interaction of Myo1 with Vrp1 and Wsp1 and thereby limits Arp2/3 complex-mediated nucleation of actin branches at the plasma membrane.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Dale MacQuarrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - MariaSanta C Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Carroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael James
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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19
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Kashiwazaki J, Yoneda Y, Mutoh T, Arai R, Yoshida M, Mabuchi I. A unique kinesin-like protein, Klp8, is involved in mitosis and cell morphology through microtubule stabilization. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:355-367. [PMID: 31276301 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins are microtubule (MT)-based motors involved in various cellular functions including intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles, and dynamics of chromosomes during cell division. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses nine kinesin-like proteins (klps). Klp8 is one of them and has not been characterized yet though it has been reported to localize at the division site. Here, we studied function and localization of Klp8 in S. pombe cells. The gene klp8+ was not essential for both viability and cytoskeletal organization. Klp8-YFP was concentrated as medial cortical dots during interphase, and organized into a ring at the division site during mitosis. The Klp8 ring seemed to be localized in the space between the actomyosin contractile ring and the plasma membrane. The Klp8 ring shrank as cytokinesis proceeded. In klp8-deleted (Δ) cells, the speed of spindle elongation during anaphase B was slowed down. Overproduction of Klp8 caused bent or elongated cells, in which MTs were abnormally elongated and less dynamic than those in normal cells. Deletion of klp8+ gene suppressed the delay in mitotic entry in blt1Δ cells. These results suggest that Klp8 is involved in mitosis and cell morphology through MT stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kashiwazaki
- Department of Life Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Yoneda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mutoh
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Arai
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.,CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Wako, Japan
| | - Issei Mabuchi
- Department of Life Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Arbizzani F, Rincon SA, Paoletti A. Increasing ergosterol levels delays formin-dependent assembly of F-actin cables and disrupts division plane positioning in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.227447. [PMID: 31217286 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, cytokinesis is mediated by the constriction of a contractile acto-myosin ring (CR), which promotes the ingression of the cleavage furrow. Many components of the CR interact with plasma membrane lipids suggesting that lipids may regulate CR assembly and function. Although there is clear evidence that phosphoinositides play an important role in cytokinesis, much less is known about the role of sterols in this process. Here, we studied how sterols influence division plane positioning and CR assembly in fission yeast. We show that increasing ergosterol levels in the plasma membrane blocks the assembly of F-actin cables from cytokinetic precursor nodes, preventing their compaction into a ring. Abnormal F-actin cables form after a delay, leading to randomly placed septa. Since the formin Cdc12 was detected on cytokinetic precursors and the phenotype can be partially rescued by inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex, which competes with formins for F-actin nucleation, we propose that ergosterol may inhibit formin dependent assembly of F-actin cables from cytokinetic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio A Rincon
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France .,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Anne Paoletti
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Chatterjee M, Pollard TD. The Functionally Important N-Terminal Half of Fission Yeast Mid1p Anillin Is Intrinsically Disordered and Undergoes Phase Separation. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3031-3041. [PMID: 31243991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Division of fungal and animal cells depends on scaffold proteins called anillins. Cytokinesis by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is compromised by the loss of anillin Mid1p (Mid1, UniProtKB P78953 ), because cytokinesis organizing centers, called nodes, are misplaced and fail to acquire myosin-II, so they assemble slowly into abnormal contractile rings. The C-terminal half of Mid1p consists of lipid binding C2 and PH domains, but the N-terminal half (Mid1p-N452) performs most of the functions of the full-length protein. Little is known about the structure of the N-terminal half of Mid1p, so we investigated its physical properties using structure prediction tools, spectroscopic techniques, and hydrodynamic measurements. The data indicate that Mid1p-N452 is intrinsically disordered but moderately compact. Recombinant Mid1p-N452 purified from insect cells was phosphorylated, which weakens its tendency to aggregate. Purified Mid1p-N452 demixes into liquid droplets at concentrations far below its concentration in nodes. These physical properties are appropriate for scaffolding other proteins in nodes.
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22
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Onwubiko UN, Mlynarczyk PJ, Wei B, Habiyaremye J, Clack A, Abel SM, Das ME. A Cdc42 GEF, Gef1, through endocytosis organizes F-BAR Cdc15 along the actomyosin ring and promotes concentric furrowing. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs223776. [PMID: 30709916 PMCID: PMC6432710 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During cytokinesis, fission yeast coordinates actomyosin ring constriction with septum ingression, resulting in concentric furrow formation by a poorly defined mechanism. We report that Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells lacking the Cdc42 activator Gef1, combined with an activated allele of the formin, Cdc12, display non-concentric furrowing. Non-concentrically furrowing cells display uneven distribution of the scaffold Cdc15 along the ring. This suggests that, after ring assembly, uniform Cdc15 distribution along the ring enables proper furrow formation. We find that, after assembly, Cdc15 is recruited to the ring in an Arp2/3 complex-dependent manner and is decreased in the activated cdc12 mutant. Cdc15 at cortical endocytic patches shows increased levels and extended lifetimes in gef1 and activated cdc12 mutants. We hypothesize endocytosis helps recruit Cdc15 to assembled rings; uneven Cdc15 distribution at the ring occurs when endocytic patches contain increased Cdc15 levels and the patch-association rate is slow. Based on this, we developed a mathematical model that captures experimentally observed Cdc15 distributions along the ring. We propose that, at the ring, Gef1 and endocytic events promote uniform Cdc15 organization to enable proper septum ingression and concentric furrow formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo N Onwubiko
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul J Mlynarczyk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julius Habiyaremye
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Amanda Clack
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Steven M Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Maitreyi E Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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23
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Dey SK, Pollard TD. Involvement of the septation initiation network in events during cytokinesis in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216895. [PMID: 30072443 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The septation initiation network (SIN), comprising a GTPase and a cascade of three protein kinases, regulates cell division in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but questions remain about its influence on cytokinesis. Here, we made quantitative measurements of the numbers of Cdc7p kinase molecules (a marker for SIN activity) on spindle pole bodies (SPBs), and on the timing of assembly, maturation and constriction of contractile rings via six different proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins. When SIN activity is low in spg1-106 mutant cells at 32°C, cytokinetic nodes formed contractile rings ∼3 min slower than wild-type cells. During the maturation period, these rings maintained normal levels of the myosin-II mEGFP-Myo2p but accumulated less of the F-BAR protein Cdc15p-GFP than in wild-type cells. The Cdc15p-GFP fluorescence then disintegrated into spots as mEGFP-Myo2p dissociated slowly. Some rings started to constrict at the normal time, but most failed to complete constriction. When high SIN activity persists far longer than normal on both SPBs in cdc16-116 mutant cells at 32°C, contractile rings assembled and constricted normally, but disassembled slowly, delaying cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Dey
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA .,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
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24
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Garabedian MV, Stanishneva-Konovalova T, Lou C, Rands TJ, Pollard LW, Sokolova OS, Goode BL. Integrated control of formin-mediated actin assembly by a stationary inhibitor and a mobile activator. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3512-3530. [PMID: 30076201 PMCID: PMC6168263 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201803164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that in vivo actin nucleation by the yeast formin Bnr1 is controlled through the coordinated effects of two distinct regulators, a stationary inhibitor (the F-BAR protein Hof1) and a mobile activator (Bud6), establishing a positive feedback loop for precise spatial and temporal control of actin assembly. Formins are essential actin assembly factors whose activities are controlled by a diverse array of binding partners. Until now, most formin ligands have been studied on an individual basis, leaving open the question of how multiple inputs are integrated to regulate formins in vivo. Here, we show that the F-BAR domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hof1 interacts with the FH2 domain of the formin Bnr1 and blocks actin nucleation. Electron microscopy of the Hof1–Bnr1 complex reveals a novel dumbbell-shaped structure, with the tips of the F-BAR holding two FH2 dimers apart. Deletion of Hof1’s F-BAR domain in vivo results in disorganized actin cables and secretory defects. The formin-binding protein Bud6 strongly alleviates Hof1 inhibition in vitro, and bud6Δ suppresses hof1Δ defects in vivo. Whereas Hof1 stably resides at the bud neck, we show that Bud6 is delivered to the neck on secretory vesicles. We propose that Hof1 and Bud6 functions are intertwined as a stationary inhibitor and a mobile activator, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Garabedian
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | | | - Chenyu Lou
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Thomas J Rands
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Olga S Sokolova
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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25
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Willet AH, Bohnert KA, Gould KL. Cdk1-dependent phosphoinhibition of a formin-F-BAR interaction opposes cytokinetic contractile ring formation. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:713-721. [PMID: 29343550 PMCID: PMC6003227 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR). A single essential formin, Cdc12, localizes to the cell middle upon mitotic onset and nucleates the F-actin of the CR. Cdc12 medial recruitment is mediated in part by its direct binding to the F-BAR scaffold Cdc15. Given that Cdc12 is hyperphosphorylated in M phase, we explored whether Cdc12 phosphoregulation impacts its association with Cdc15 during mitosis. We found that Cdk1, a major mitotic kinase, phosphorylates Cdc12 on six N-terminal residues near the Cdc15-binding site, and phosphorylation on these sites inhibits its interaction with the Cdc15 F-BAR domain. Consistent with this finding, a cdc12 mutant with all six Cdk1 sites changed to phosphomimetic residues (cdc12-6D) displays phenotypes similar to cdc12-P31A, in which the Cdc15-binding motif is disrupted; both show reduced Cdc12 at the CR and delayed CR formation. Together, these results indicate that Cdk1 phosphorylation of formin Cdc12 antagonizes its interaction with Cdc15 and thereby opposes Cdc12's CR localization. These results are consistent with a general role for Cdk1 in inhibiting cytokinesis until chromosome segregation is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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26
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Aspenström P. BAR Domain Proteins Regulate Rho GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:33-53. [PMID: 30151649 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain is a membrane lipid binding domain present in a wide variety of proteins, often proteins with a role in Rho-regulated signaling pathways. BAR domains do not only confer binding to lipid bilayers, they also possess a membrane sculpturing ability and thereby directly control the topology of biomembranes. BAR domain-containing proteins participate in a plethora of physiological processes but the common denominator is their capacity to link membrane dynamics to actin dynamics and thereby integrate processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, vesicle trafficking, cell morphogenesis and cell migration. The Rho family of small GTPases constitutes an important bridging theme for many BAR domain-containing proteins. This review article will focus predominantly on the role of BAR proteins as regulators or effectors of Rho GTPases and it will only briefly discuss the structural and biophysical function of the BAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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McDonald NA, Lind AL, Smith SE, Li R, Gould KL. Nanoscale architecture of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe contractile ring. eLife 2017; 6:28865. [PMID: 28914606 PMCID: PMC5779233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractile ring is a complex molecular apparatus which physically divides many eukaryotic cells. Despite knowledge of its protein composition, the molecular architecture of the ring is not known. Here we have applied super-resolution microscopy and FRET to determine the nanoscale spatial organization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe contractile ring components relative to the plasma membrane. Similar to other membrane-tethered actin structures, we find proteins localize in specific layers relative to the membrane. The most membrane-proximal layer (0–80 nm) is composed of membrane-binding scaffolds, formin, and the tail of the essential myosin-II. An intermediate layer (80–160 nm) consists of a network of cytokinesis accessory proteins as well as multiple signaling components which influence cell division. Farthest from the membrane (160–350 nm) we find F-actin, the motor domains of myosins, and a major F-actin crosslinker. Circumferentially within the ring, multiple proteins proximal to the membrane form clusters of different sizes, while components farther from the membrane are uniformly distributed. This comprehensive organizational map provides a framework for understanding contractile ring function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Abigail L Lind
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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28
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Salzer U, Kostan J, Djinović-Carugo K. Deciphering the BAR code of membrane modulators. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2413-2438. [PMID: 28243699 PMCID: PMC5487894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The BAR domain is the eponymous domain of the “BAR-domain protein superfamily”, a large and diverse set of mostly multi-domain proteins that play eminent roles at the membrane cytoskeleton interface. BAR domain homodimers are the functional units that peripherally associate with lipid membranes and are involved in membrane sculpting activities. Differences in their intrinsic curvatures and lipid-binding properties account for a large variety in membrane modulating properties. Membrane activities of BAR domains are further modified and regulated by intramolecular or inter-subunit domains, by intermolecular protein interactions, and by posttranslational modifications. Rather than providing detailed cell biological information on single members of this superfamily, this review focuses on biochemical, biophysical, and structural aspects and on recent findings that paradigmatically promote our understanding of processes driven and modulated by BAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Salzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julius Kostan
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 119, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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29
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Altamirano S, Chandrasekaran S, Kozubowski L. Mechanisms of Cytokinesis in Basidiomycetous Yeasts. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017; 31:73-87. [PMID: 28943887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
While mechanisms of cytokinesis exhibit considerable plasticity, it is difficult to precisely define the level of conservation of this essential part of cell division in fungi, as majority of our knowledge is based on ascomycetous yeasts. However, in the last decade more details have been uncovered regarding cytokinesis in the second largest fungal phylum, basidiomycetes, specifically in two yeasts, Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis. Based on these findings, and current sequenced genomes, we summarize cytokinesis in basidiomycetous yeasts, indicating features that may be unique to this phylum, species-specific characteristics, as well as mechanisms that may be common to all eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Altamirano
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lukasz Kozubowski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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30
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Chen YH, Wang GY, Hao HC, Chao CJ, Wang Y, Jin QW. Facile manipulation of protein localization in fission yeast through binding of GFP-binding protein to GFP. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1003-1015. [PMID: 28082423 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GFP-binding protein (or GBP) has been recently developed in various systems and organisms as an efficient tool to purify GFP-fusion proteins. Due to the high affinity between GBP and GFP or GFP variants, this GBP-based approach is also ideally suited to alter the localization of functional proteins in live cells. In order to facilitate the wide use of the GBP-targeting approach in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we developed a set of pFA6a-, pJK148- and pUC119-based vectors containing GBP- or GBP-mCherry-coding sequences and variants of inducible nmt1 or constitutive adh1 promoters that result in different levels of expression. The GBP or GBP-mCherry fragments can serve as cassettes for N- or C-terminal genomic tagging of genes of interest. We illustrated the application of these vectors in the construction of yeast strains with Dma1 or Cdc7 tagged with GBP-mCherry and efficient targeting of Dma1- or Cdc7-GBP-mCherry to the spindle pole body by Sid4-GFP. This series of vectors should help to facilitate the application of the GBP-targeting approach in manipulating protein localization and the analysis of gene function in fission yeast, at the level of single genes, as well as at a systematic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gao-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hao-Chao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Quan-Wen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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31
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Molecular organization of cytokinesis nodes and contractile rings by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of live fission yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5876-E5885. [PMID: 27647921 PMCID: PMC5056082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608252113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in animals, fungi, and amoebas depends on the constriction of a contractile ring built from a common set of conserved proteins. Many fundamental questions remain about how these proteins organize to generate the necessary tension for cytokinesis. Using quantitative high-speed fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM), we probed this question in live fission yeast cells at unprecedented resolution. We show that nodes, protein assembly precursors to the contractile ring, are discrete structural units with stoichiometric ratios and distinct distributions of constituent proteins. Anillin Mid1p, Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) Cdc15p, IQ motif containing GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) Rng2p, and formin Cdc12p form the base of the node that anchors the ends of myosin II tails to the plasma membrane, with myosin II heads extending into the cytoplasm. This general node organization persists in the contractile ring where nodes move bidirectionally during constriction. We observed the dynamics of the actin network during cytokinesis, starting with the extension of short actin strands from nodes, which sometimes connected neighboring nodes. Later in cytokinesis, a broad network of thick bundles coalesced into a tight ring around the equator of the cell. The actin ring was ∼125 nm wide and ∼125 nm thick. These observations establish the organization of the proteins in the functional units of a cytokinetic contractile ring.
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32
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Juanes MA, Piatti S. The final cut: cell polarity meets cytokinesis at the bud neck in S. cerevisiae. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3115-36. [PMID: 27085703 PMCID: PMC4951512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is a fundamental but complex process that gives rise to two daughter cells. It includes an ordered set of events, altogether called "the cell cycle", that culminate with cytokinesis, the final stage of mitosis leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. Symmetric cell division equally partitions cellular components between the two daughter cells, which are therefore identical to one another and often share the same fate. In many cases, however, cell division is asymmetrical and generates two daughter cells that differ in specific protein inheritance, cell size, or developmental potential. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be an excellent system to investigate the molecular mechanisms governing asymmetric cell division and cytokinesis. Budding yeast is highly polarized during the cell cycle and divides asymmetrically, producing two cells with distinct sizes and fates. Many components of the machinery establishing cell polarization during budding are relocalized to the division site (i.e., the bud neck) for cytokinesis. In this review we recapitulate how budding yeast cells undergo polarized processes at the bud neck for cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Juanes
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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33
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Pérez P, Cortés JCG, Martín-García R, Ribas JC. Overview of fission yeast septation. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1201-7. [PMID: 27155541 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final process of the vegetative cycle, which divides a cell into two independent daughter cells once mitosis is completed. In fungi, as in animal cells, cytokinesis requires the formation of a cleavage furrow originated by constriction of an actomyosin ring which is connected to the plasma membrane and causes its invagination. Additionally, because fungal cells have a polysaccharide cell wall outside the plasma membrane, cytokinesis requires the formation of a septum coincident with the membrane ingression. Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a unicellular, rod-shaped fungus that has become a popular model organism for the study of actomyosin ring formation and constriction during cell division. Here we review the current knowledge of the septation and separation processes in this fungus, as well as recent advances in understanding the functional interaction between the transmembrane enzymes that build the septum and the actomyosin ring proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan C G Cortés
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan C Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
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34
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Abstract
As cells grow, move, and divide, they must reorganize and rearrange their membranes and cytoskeleton. The F-BAR protein family links cellular membranes with actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in processes including endocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell motility. Here we review emerging information on mechanisms of F-BAR domain oligomerization and membrane binding, and how these activities are coordinated with additional domains to accomplish scaffolding and signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A McDonald
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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35
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Oligomerization but Not Membrane Bending Underlies the Function of Certain F-BAR Proteins in Cell Motility and Cytokinesis. Dev Cell 2016; 35:725-36. [PMID: 26702831 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
F-BAR proteins function in diverse cellular processes by linking membranes to the actin cytoskeleton. Through oligomerization, multiple F-BAR domains can bend membranes into tubules, though the physiological importance of F-BAR-to-F-BAR assemblies is not yet known. Here, we investigate the F-BAR domain of the essential cytokinetic scaffold, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc15, during cytokinesis. Challenging a widely held view that membrane deformation is a fundamental property of F-BARs, we report that the Cdc15 F-BAR binds, but does not deform, membranes in vivo or in vitro, and six human F-BAR domains-including those from Fer and RhoGAP4-share this property. Nevertheless, tip-to-tip interactions between F-BAR dimers are critical for Cdc15 oligomerization and high-avidity membrane binding, stabilization of contractile ring components at the medial cortex, and the fidelity of cytokinesis. F-BAR oligomerization is also critical for Fer and RhoGAP4 physiological function, demonstrating its broad importance to F-BAR proteins that function without membrane bending.
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36
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Cortés JCG, Ramos M, Osumi M, Pérez P, Ribas JC. Fission yeast septation. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1189045. [PMID: 27574536 PMCID: PMC4988442 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1189045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells cytokinesis relies on the contraction of an actomyosin ring that pulls the plasma membrane to create a cleavage furrow, whose ingression finally divides the mother cell into two daughter cells. Fungal cells are surrounded by a tough and flexible structure called cell wall, which is considered to be the functional equivalent of the extracellular matrix in animal cells. Therefore, in addition to cleavage furrow ingression, fungal cytokinesis also requires the centripetal formation of a septum wall structure that develops between the dividing cells, whose genesis must be strictly coordinated with both the actomyosin ring closure and plasma membrane ingression. Here we briefly review what is known about the septum structure and composition in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the recent progress about the relationship between septum biosynthesis and actomyosin ring constriction, and the importance of the septum and ring in the steady progression of the cleavage furrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C G Cortés
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariona Ramos
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Masako Osumi
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; Integrated Imaging Research Support, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
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37
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Foltman M, Molist I, Arcones I, Sacristan C, Filali-Mouncef Y, Roncero C, Sanchez-Diaz A. Ingression Progression Complexes Control Extracellular Matrix Remodelling during Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005864. [PMID: 26891268 PMCID: PMC4758748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells must coordinate contraction of the actomyosin ring at the division site together with ingression of the plasma membrane and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to support cytokinesis, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In eukaryotes, glycosyltransferases that synthesise ECM polysaccharides are emerging as key factors during cytokinesis. The budding yeast chitin synthase Chs2 makes the primary septum, a special layer of the ECM, which is an essential process during cell division. Here we isolated a group of actomyosin ring components that form complexes together with Chs2 at the cleavage site at the end of the cell cycle, which we named ‘ingression progression complexes’ (IPCs). In addition to type II myosin, the IQGAP protein Iqg1 and Chs2, IPCs contain the F-BAR protein Hof1, and the cytokinesis regulators Inn1 and Cyk3. We describe the molecular mechanism by which chitin synthase is activated by direct association of the C2 domain of Inn1, and the transglutaminase-like domain of Cyk3, with the catalytic domain of Chs2. We used an experimental system to find a previously unanticipated role for the C-terminus of Inn1 in preventing the untimely activation of Chs2 at the cleavage site until Cyk3 releases the block on Chs2 activity during late mitosis. These findings support a model for the co-ordinated regulation of cell division in budding yeast, in which IPCs play a central role. Cytokinesis is the process by which a cell divides in two and occurs once cells have replicated and segregated their chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells assemble a molecular machine called the actomyosin ring that drives cytokinesis. Contraction of the actomyosin ring is coupled to ingression of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix remodelling. In eukaryotes, glycosyltransferases that synthesise polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix are emerging as essential factors during cytokinesis. Defects associated with the function of those glycosyltransferases induce the failure of cell division, which promotes the formation of genetically unstable tetraploid cells. Budding yeast cells contain a glycosyltransferase called Chs2 that makes a special layer of extracellular matrix and is essential during cell division. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which the cytokinesis regulators Inn1 and Cyk3 finely regulate the activity of glycosyltransferase Chs2 at the end of mitosis. In addition we isolated a group of actomyosin ring components that form complexes together with Chs2 and Inn1 at the cleavage site, which we have named ‘ingression progression complexes’. These complexes coordinate the contraction of the actomyosin ring, ingression of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix remodelling in a precise manner. Chs2 is indeed a key factor for coordinating these events. It appears that similar principles could apply to other eukaryotic species, such as fission yeast even if the identity of the relevant glycosyltransferase has changed over the evolution. Taking into account the conservation of the basic cytokinetic mechanisms future studies should try to determine whether a glycosyltransferase similar to Chs2 plays a key role during cytokinesis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iago Molist
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Irene Arcones
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Sacristan
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yasmina Filali-Mouncef
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Cesar Roncero
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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38
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McDonald NA, Takizawa Y, Feoktistova A, Xu P, Ohi MD, Vander Kooi CW, Gould KL. The Tubulation Activity of a Fission Yeast F-BAR Protein Is Dispensable for Its Function in Cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2016; 14:534-546. [PMID: 26776521 PMCID: PMC4731314 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
F-BAR proteins link cellular membranes to the actin cytoskeleton in many biological processes. Here we investigated the function of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Imp2 F-BAR domain in cytokinesis and find that it is critical for Imp2's role in contractile ring constriction and disassembly. To understand mechanistically how the F-BAR domain functions, we determined its structure, elucidated how it interacts with membranes, and identified an interaction between dimers that allows helical oligomerization and membrane tubulation. Using mutations that block either membrane binding or tubulation, we find that membrane binding is required for Imp2's cytokinetic function but that oligomerization and tubulation, activities often deemed central to F-BAR protein function, are dispensable. Accordingly, F-BARs that do not have the capacity to tubulate membranes functionally substitute for the Imp2 F-BAR, establishing that its major role is as a cell-cycle-regulated bridge between the membrane and Imp2 protein partners, rather than as a driver of membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Takizawa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Anna Feoktistova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Melanie D Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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39
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Ullal P, McDonald NA, Chen JS, Lo Presti L, Roberts-Galbraith RH, Gould KL, Martin SG. The DYRK-family kinase Pom1 phosphorylates the F-BAR protein Cdc15 to prevent division at cell poles. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:653-68. [PMID: 26553932 PMCID: PMC4639868 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Division site positioning is critical for both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. In many organisms, positive and negative signals cooperate to position the contractile actin ring for cytokinesis. In rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells, division at midcell is achieved through positive Mid1/anillin-dependent signaling emanating from the central nucleus and negative signals from the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase family kinase Pom1 at the cell poles. In this study, we show that Pom1 directly phosphorylates the F-BAR protein Cdc15, a central component of the cytokinetic ring. Pom1-dependent phosphorylation blocks Cdc15 binding to paxillin Pxl1 and C2 domain protein Fic1 and enhances Cdc15 dynamics. This promotes ring sliding from cell poles, which prevents septum assembly at the ends of cells with a displaced nucleus or lacking Mid1. Pom1 also slows down ring constriction. These results indicate that a strong negative signal from the Pom1 kinase at cell poles converts Cdc15 to its closed state, destabilizes the actomyosin ring, and thus promotes medial septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Ullal
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Libera Lo Presti
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel H Roberts-Galbraith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sophie G Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Willet AH, McDonald NA, Gould KL. Regulation of contractile ring formation and septation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 28:46-52. [PMID: 26340438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has become a powerful model organism for cytokinesis studies, propelled by pioneering genetic screens in the 1980s and 1990s. S. pombe cells are rod-shaped and divide similarly to mammalian cells, utilizing a medially-placed actin-and myosin-based contractile ring. A cell wall division septum is deposited behind the constricting ring, forming the new ends of each daughter cell. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of contractile ring formation through formin proteins and the role of the division septum in S. pombe cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, PMB 407935, 465 21st Ave S., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, PMB 407935, 465 21st Ave S., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, PMB 407935, 465 21st Ave S., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
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41
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Comparative biology of cell division in the fission yeast clade. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 28:18-25. [PMID: 26263485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis must be regulated in time and space in order to preserve genome integrity during cell proliferation and to allow daughter cells to adopt distinct fates and geometries during differentiation. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been a popular model organism for understanding spatiotemporal regulation of cytokinesis in a symmetrically dividing cell. Recent work on another member of the same genus, Schisozaccharomyces japonicus, suggests that S. pombe may have evolved an unusual division site placement mechanism based on a recently duplicated anillin paralog. Here we discuss an extraordinary evolutionary plasticity of cytokinesis within the fission yeast clade and argue that the comparative cell biology approach may provide functional insights beyond those afforded by scrutinizing individual model species.
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42
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Bezanilla M, Gladfelter AS, Kovar DR, Lee WL. Cytoskeletal dynamics: a view from the membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:329-37. [PMID: 25963816 PMCID: PMC4427793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics can be recapitulated in vitro; yet, how the cytoskeleton integrates signals in vivo across cellular membranes is far less understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the membrane alone, or through membrane-associated proteins, can effect dynamic changes to the cytoskeleton, thereby impacting cell physiology. Having identified mechanistic links between membranes and the actin, microtubule, and septin cytoskeletons, these studies highlight the membrane’s central role in coordinating these cytoskeletal systems to carry out essential processes, such as endocytosis, spindle positioning, and cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Wei-Lih Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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43
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Abstract
BAR proteins comprise a heterogeneous group of multi-domain proteins with diverse biological functions. The common denominator is the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain that not only confers targeting to lipid bilayers, but also provides scaffolding to mold lipid membranes into concave or convex surfaces. This function of BAR proteins is an important determinant in the dynamic reconstruction of membrane vesicles, as well as of the plasma membrane. Several BAR proteins function as linkers between cytoskeletal regulation and membrane dynamics. These links are provided by direct interactions between BAR proteins and actin-nucleation-promoting factors of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family and the Diaphanous-related formins. The Rho GTPases are key factors for orchestration of this intricate interplay. This review describes how BAR proteins regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, as well as how Rho GTPases regulate the function of BAR proteins. This mutual collaboration is a central factor in the regulation of vital cellular processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, intracellular transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- a Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet ; Stockholm , Sweden
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44
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G. Cortés JC, Pujol N, Sato M, Pinar M, Ramos M, Moreno B, Osumi M, Ribas JC, Pérez P. Cooperation between Paxillin-like Protein Pxl1 and Glucan Synthase Bgs1 Is Essential for Actomyosin Ring Stability and Septum Formation in Fission Yeast. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005358. [PMID: 26132084 PMCID: PMC4489101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In fungal cells cytokinesis requires coordinated closure of a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) and synthesis of a special cell wall structure known as the division septum. Many CAR proteins have been identified and characterized, but how these molecules interact with the septum synthesis enzymes to form the septum remains unclear. Our genetic study using fission yeast shows that cooperation between the paxillin homolog Pxl1, required for ring integrity, and Bgs1, the enzyme responsible for linear β(1,3)glucan synthesis and primary septum formation, is required for stable anchorage of the CAR to the plasma membrane before septation onset, and for cleavage furrow formation. Thus, lack of Pxl1 in combination with Bgs1 depletion, causes failure of ring contraction and lateral cell wall overgrowth towards the cell lumen without septum formation. We also describe here that Pxl1 concentration at the CAR increases during cytokinesis and that this increase depends on the SH3 domain of the F-BAR protein Cdc15. In consequence, Bgs1 depletion in cells carrying a cdc15ΔSH3 allele causes ring disassembly and septation blockage, as it does in cells lacking Pxl1. On the other hand, the absence of Pxl1 is lethal when Cdc15 function is affected, generating a large sliding of the CAR with deposition of septum wall material along the cell cortex, and suggesting additional functions for both Pxl1 and Cdc15 proteins. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CAR anchorage to the plasma membrane through Cdc15 and Pxl1, and concomitant Bgs1 activity, are necessary for CAR maintenance and septum formation in fission yeast. Cytokinesis requires assembly of an actomyosin ring adjacent to the plasma membrane, which upon contraction pulls the membrane to form a cleavage furrow. In fungi ring closure is coordinated with the synthesis of a cell wall septum. Knowledge about the molecules anchoring the ring to the membrane is very limited. We have found that fission yeast paxillin, located at the ring, and Bgs1, the enzyme responsible for primary septum formation, located at the membrane, cooperate during cytokinesis. Both are required to anchor the ring to the membrane and to maintain it during cytokinesis. Moreover, both proteins cooperate to form the septum. Accordingly, paxillin is essential when Bgs1 is depleted. When both proteins are missing, the contractile ring forms but the lateral cell wall overgrows inwards without a defined cleavage furrow and septum formation. During cytokinesis there is an increase of paxillin which depends on the SH3 domain of the F-BAR protein Cdc15. Consequently the absence of this domain mimics the phenotype of paxillin absence in Bgs1-depleted cells. Interestingly, a decreased function of both Cdc15 and paxillin uncouples the septum synthesis from the ring contraction, indicating an essential cooperation between these proteins and Bgs1 for proper cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. G. Cortés
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) / Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuria Pujol
- Department of Ciències Mèdiques, Bàsiques,Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) de Lleida, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mamiko Sato
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy/Open Research Centre, and Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Pinar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Ramos
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) / Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) / Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Masako Osumi
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy/Open Research Centre, and Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) / Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) / Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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45
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Willet AH, McDonald NA, Bohnert KA, Baird MA, Allen JR, Davidson MW, Gould KL. The F-BAR Cdc15 promotes contractile ring formation through the direct recruitment of the formin Cdc12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:391-9. [PMID: 25688133 PMCID: PMC4332253 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cdc15 contributes to contractile ring formation and cytokinesis by recruiting the formin Cdc12, which defines a novel cytokinetic function for an F-BAR domain. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR). Nucleation of F-actin for the CR requires a single formin, Cdc12, that localizes to the cell middle at mitotic onset. Although genetic requirements for formin Cdc12 recruitment have been determined, the molecular mechanisms dictating its targeting to the medial cortex during cytokinesis are unknown. In this paper, we define a short motif within the N terminus of Cdc12 that binds directly to the F-BAR domain of the scaffolding protein Cdc15. Mutations preventing the Cdc12–Cdc15 interaction resulted in reduced Cdc12, F-actin, and actin-binding proteins at the CR, which in turn led to a delay in CR formation and sensitivity to other perturbations of CR assembly. We conclude that Cdc15 contributes to CR formation and cytokinesis via formin Cdc12 recruitment, defining a novel cytokinetic function for an F-BAR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - John R Allen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Gu Y, Yam C, Oliferenko S. Rewiring of cellular division site selection in evolution of fission yeasts. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1187-94. [PMID: 25866389 PMCID: PMC4425460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to position the division apparatus exhibit a bewildering diversity [1], but how these mechanisms evolve remains virtually unknown. Here, we explore the plasticity of division site positioning in fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. We demonstrate that, whereas both species divide in the middle, only S. pombe uses the anillin Mid1 as a primary nucleus-derived cue to assemble the actomyosin ring at the equatorial cortex. We trace this variance to the divergence in subcellular targeting of Mid1 and show that duplication of an ancestral anillin early in the Schizosaccharomyces lineage may have led to subfunctionalization of the Mid1 orthologs. In contrast to S. pombe, medial assembly of the actomyosin ring in mitotic S. japonicus relies on the cortical anchor protein Cdc15 regulated by the tip-localized kinase Pom1. Our data suggest that division site placement is determined by cortical positioning of the actomyosin-plasma membrane linkers and that both identity of the linker and control of its subcellular targeting are highly modular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Candice Yam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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47
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Kettenbach AN, Deng L, Wu Y, Baldissard S, Adamo ME, Gerber SA, Moseley JB. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals pathways for coordination of cell growth and division by the conserved fission yeast kinase pom1. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1275-87. [PMID: 25720772 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex phosphorylation-dependent signaling networks underlie the coordination of cellular growth and division. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the Dual specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) family protein kinase Pom1 regulates cell cycle progression through the mitotic inducer Cdr2 and controls cell polarity through unknown targets. Here, we sought to determine the phosphorylation targets of Pom1 kinase activity by SILAC-based phosphoproteomics. We defined a set of high-confidence Pom1 targets that were enriched for cytoskeletal and cell growth functions. Cdr2 was the only cell cycle target of Pom1 kinase activity that we identified in cells. Mutation of Pom1-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C terminus of Cdr2 inhibited mitotic entry but did not impair Cdr2 localization. In addition, we found that Pom1 phosphorylated multiple substrates that function in polarized cell growth, including Tea4, Mod5, Pal1, the Rho GAP Rga7, and the Arf GEF Syt22. Purified Pom1 phosphorylated these cell polarity targets in vitro, confirming that they are direct substrates of Pom1 kinase activity and likely contribute to regulation of polarized growth by Pom1. Our study demonstrates that Pom1 acts in a linear pathway to control cell cycle progression while regulating a complex network of cell growth targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arminja N Kettenbach
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, ¶Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark E Adamo
- ¶Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Scott A Gerber
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Department of Genetics, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; ¶Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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48
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Ren L, Willet AH, Roberts-Galbraith RH, McDonald NA, Feoktistova A, Chen JS, Huang H, Guillen R, Boone C, Sidhu SS, Beckley JR, Gould KL. The Cdc15 and Imp2 SH3 domains cooperatively scaffold a network of proteins that redundantly ensure efficient cell division in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:256-69. [PMID: 25428987 PMCID: PMC4294673 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast F-BAR proteins Cdc15 and Imp2 and their combined SH3-domain partners appear to act as “molecular glue” to stabilize the interaction between the plasma membrane and a complex network of proteins at the division site that mediates cell division. Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc15 homology (PCH) family members participate in numerous biological processes, including cytokinesis, typically by bridging the plasma membrane via their F-BAR domains to the actin cytoskeleton. Two SH3 domain–containing PCH family members, Cdc15 and Imp2, play critical roles in S. pombe cytokinesis. Although both proteins localize to the contractile ring, with Cdc15 preceding Imp2, only cdc15 is an essential gene. Despite these distinct roles, the SH3 domains of Cdc15 and Imp2 cooperate in the essential process of recruiting other proteins to stabilize the contractile ring. To better understand the connectivity of this SH3 domain–based protein network at the CR and its function, we used a biochemical approach coupled to proteomics to identify additional proteins (Rgf3, Art1, Spa2, and Pos1) that are integrated into this network. Cell biological and genetic analyses of these SH3 partners implicate them in a range of activities that ensure the fidelity of cell division, including promoting cell wall metabolism and influencing cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rachel H Roberts-Galbraith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anna Feoktistova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Haiming Huang
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Guillen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Charles Boone
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Janel R Beckley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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49
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Abstract
Cytokinesis, the terminal event in the canonical cell cycle, physically separates daughter cells following mitosis. For cleavage to occur in many eukaryotes, a cytokinetic ring must assemble and constrict between divided genomes. Although dozens of different molecules localize to and participate within the cytokinetic ring, the core machinery comprises linear actin filaments. Accordingly, formins, which nucleate and elongate F-actin (filamentous actin) for the cytokinetic ring, are required for cytokinesis in diverse species. In the present article, we discuss specific modes of formin-based actin regulation during cell division and highlight emerging mechanisms and questions on this topic.
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50
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Arasada R, Pollard TD. Contractile ring stability in S. pombe depends on F-BAR protein Cdc15p and Bgs1p transport from the Golgi complex. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1533-44. [PMID: 25159149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc15p is known to contribute to cytokinesis in fission yeast; however, the protein is not required to assemble the contractile ring of actin and myosin, but it helps to anchor the ring to the plasma membrane. Cdc15p has a lipid-binding F-BAR domain, suggesting that it provides a physical link between the plasma membrane and contractile ring proteins. However, we find that a more important function of Cdc15p during cytokinesis is to help deliver a transmembrane enzyme, Bgs1p (also called Cps1p), from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, where it appears to anchor the contractile ring. Bgs1p synthesizes the cell wall in the cleavage furrow, but its enzyme activity is not required to anchor the contractile ring. We estimate that ∼ 2,000 Bgs1p molecules are required to anchor the ring. Without Bgs1p anchors, contractile rings slide along the plasma membrane, a phenomenon that depends on an unconventional type II myosin called Myp2p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Arasada
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103 USA
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103 USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103 USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103 USA.
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