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Grisetti L, Garcia CJC, Saponaro AA, Tiribelli C, Pascut D. The role of Aurora kinase A in hepatocellular carcinoma: Unveiling the intriguing functions of a key but still underexplored factor in liver cancer. Cell Prolif 2024:e13641. [PMID: 38590119 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) plays a central role as a serine/threonine kinase in regulating cell cycle progression and mitotic functions. Over the years, extensive research has revealed the multifaceted roles of AURKA in cancer development and progression. AURKA's dysregulation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its overexpression in HCC has been associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AURKA expression in HCC and its functional implications in cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, and drug resistance. This work focuses on the clinical significance of AURKA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. High levels of AURKA expression have been correlated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in various cohorts, highlighting its potential utility as a sensitive prognostic indicator. Recent insights into AURKA's role in modulating the tumour microenvironment, particularly immune cell recruitment, may provide valuable information for personalized treatment strategies. AURKA's critical involvement in modulating cellular pathways and its overexpression in cancer makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapies. This review discusses the evidence about novel and selective AURKA inhibitors for more effective treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grisetti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Clarissa J C Garcia
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna A Saponaro
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Inhibition of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase augments the sensitivity of ovarian and breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:896-906. [PMID: 36526674 PMCID: PMC9977917 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Many cancer patients who initially respond to chemotherapy eventually develop chemoresistance, and to address this, we previously conducted a RNAi screen to identify genes contributing to resistance. One of the hits from the screen was branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). BCKDK controls the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) through phosphorylation and inactivation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH), thereby inhibiting catabolism of BCAAs. METHODS We measured the impact on paclitaxel sensitivity of inhibiting BCKDK in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Inhibition of BCKDK using siRNA or two chemical inhibitors (BCKDKi) was synergistic with paclitaxel in both breast and ovarian cancer cells. BCKDKi reduced levels of BCAA and the addition of exogenous BCAA suppressed this synergy. BCKDKi inactivated the mTORC1-Aurora pathway, allowing cells to overcame M-phase arrest induced by paclitaxel. In some cases, cells almost completed cytokinesis, then reverted to a single cell, resulting in multinucleate cells. CONCLUSION BCKDK is an attractive target to augment the sensitivity of cancer cells to paclitaxel.
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Xu C, Gao Q, Wu Z, Lou W, Li X, Wang M, Wang N, Li Q. Combined HASPIN and mTOR inhibition is synergistic against KRAS-driven carcinomas. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101540. [PMID: 36115073 PMCID: PMC9483799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are very common in human cancers, resulting in cells with well-characterized selective advantages. For more than three decades, the development of effective therapeutics to inhibit KRAS-driven tumorigenesis has proved a formidable challenge and KRAS was considered 'undruggable'. Therefore, multi-targeted therapy may provide a reasonable strategy for the effective treatment of KRAS-driven cancers. Here, we assess the efficacy and mechanistic rationale for combining HASPIN and mTOR inhibition as a potential therapy for cancers carrying KRAS mutations. METHODS We investigated the synergistic effect of a combination of mTOR and HASPIN inhibitors on cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitotic catastrophe using a panel of human KRAS-mutant and wild-type tumor cell lines. Subsequently, the human transplant models were used to test the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacodynamic effects of the dual therapy. RESULTS We demonstrated that the combination of mTOR and HASPIN inhibitors induced potent synergistic cytotoxic effects in KRAS-mutant cell lines and delayed the growth of human tumor xenograft. Mechanistically, we showed that inhibiting of mTOR potentiates HASPIN inhibition by preventing the phosphorylation of H3 histones, exacerbating mitotic catastrophe and DNA damage in tumor cell lines with KRAS mutations, and this effect is due in part to a reduction in VRK1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that increased DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe are the basis for the effective synergistic effect observed with mTOR and HASPIN inhibition, and support the clinical evaluation of this dual therapy in patients with KRAS-mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiongmei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weijuan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medcine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Puca F, Fedele M, Rasio D, Battista S. Role of Diet in Stem and Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158108. [PMID: 35897685 PMCID: PMC9330301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle factors greatly affect health and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer. Stem cells’ functions, including their ability to divide asymmetrically, set the rules for tissue homeostasis, contribute to health maintenance, and represent the entry point of cancer occurrence. Stem cell properties result from the complex integration of intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors. In this context, diet-induced metabolic changes can have a profound impact on stem cell fate determination, lineage specification and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the multiple “non-metabolic” effects of diet on stem cell functions, including little-known effects such as those on liquid-liquid phase separation and on non-random chromosome segregation (asymmetric division). A deep understanding of the specific dietetic requirements of normal and cancer stem cells may pave the way for the development of nutrition-based targeted therapeutic approaches to improve regenerative and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Puca
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 78705, USA;
- Department of Oncology, IRBM Science Park SpA, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Monica Fedele
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Debora Rasio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Battista
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Yu Z, Yang Z, Ren G, Wang Y, Luo X, Zhu F, Yu S, Jia L, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. GATOR2 complex-mediated amino acid signaling regulates brain myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110917119. [PMID: 35022234 PMCID: PMC8784133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110917119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways coordinately regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase in cell growth and organ development. While major components of amino acid signaling mechanisms have been identified, their biological functions in organ development are unclear. We aimed to understand the functions of the critically positioned amino acid signaling complex GAP activity towards Rags 2 (GATOR2) in brain development. GATOR2 mediates amino acid signaling to mTORC1 by directly linking the amino acid sensors for arginine and leucine to downstream signaling complexes. Now, we report a role of GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte myelination in postnatal brain development. We show that the disruption of GATOR2 complex by genetic deletion of meiosis regulator for oocyte development (Mios, encoding a component of GATOR2) selectively impairs the formation of myelinating oligodendrocytes, thus brain myelination, without apparent effects on the formation of neurons and astrocytes. The loss of Mios impairs cell cycle progression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, leading to their reduced proliferation and differentiation. Mios deletion manifests a cell type-dependent effect on mTORC1 in the brain, with oligodendroglial mTORC1 selectively affected. However, the role of Mios/GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte formation and myelination involves mTORC1-independent function. This study suggests that GATOR2 coordinates amino acid and growth factor signaling to regulate oligodendrocyte myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bo Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Tang C, Zhou X, Mohan C, Wu T. Identification of polo-like kinase 1 as a therapeutic target in murine lupus. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1362. [PMID: 35024139 PMCID: PMC8733964 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The signalling cascades that contribute to lupus pathogenesis are incompletely understood. We address this by using an unbiased activity‐based kinome screen of murine lupus. Methods An unbiased activity‐based kinome screen (ABKS) of 196 kinases was applied to two genetically different murine lupus strains. Systemic and renal lupus were evaluated following in vivo PLK1blockade. The upstream regulators and downstream targets of PLK1 were also interrogated. Results Multiple signalling cascades were noted to be more active in murine lupus spleens, including PLK1. In vivo administration of a PLK1‐specific inhibitor ameliorated splenomegaly, anti‐dsDNA antibody production, proteinuria, BUN and renal pathology in MRL.lpr mice (P < 0.05). Serum IL‐6, IL‐17 and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) were significantly decreased after PLK1 inhibition. PLK1 inhibition reduced germinal centre and marginal zone B cells in the spleen, but changes in T cells were not significant. In vitro, splenocytes were treated with anti‐mouse CD40 Ab or F(ab’)2 fragment anti‐mouse IgM. After 24‐h stimulation, IL‐6 secretion was significantly reduced upon PLK1 blockade, whereas IL‐10 production was significantly increased. The phosphorylation of mTOR was assessed in splenocyte subsets, which revealed a significant change in myeloid cells. PLK1 blockade reduced phosphorylation associated with mTOR signalling, while Aurora‐A emerged as a potential upstream regulator of PLK1. Conclusion The Aurora‐A → PLK1 → mTOR signalling axis may be central in lupus pathogenesis, and emerges as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Hongting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Chenling Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Xinjin Zhou
- Department of Pathology Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas Dallas TX USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
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Kuo HH, Su ZR, Chuang JY, Yih LH. Heat shock factor 1 suppression induces spindle abnormalities and sensitizes cells to antimitotic drugs. Cell Div 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 34922589 PMCID: PMC8684068 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat shock response and supports malignant cell transformation. Recent work has shown that HSF1 can access the promoters of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and allow HSP expression during mitosis. It also acts as a mitotic regulator, controlling chromosome segregation. In this study, we investigated whether the transactivation activity of HSF1 is required for the assembly of mitotic spindles. RESULTS Our results showed that phosphorylation of HSF1 at serine 326 (S326) and its transactivation activity were increased during mitosis. Inhibition of the transactivation activity of HSF1 by KRIBB11 or CCT251263 during mitosis significantly increased the proportion of mitotic cells with abnormal spindles. It also hampered the reassembly of spindle microtubules after nocodazole treatment and washout by impeding the formation of chromosomal microtubule asters. Depletion of HSF1 led to defects in mitotic spindle assembly, subsequently attenuating cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth (AIG). These HSF1 depletion-induced effects could be rescued by ectopically expressing wild-type HSF1 or a constitutively active mutant (∆202-316, caHSF1) but not the S326A or dominant negative (∆361-529, dnHSF1) mutants. In addition, overexpression of HSP70 partially reduced HSF1 depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. These results indicate that HSF1 may support cell proliferation and AIG by maintaining spindle integrity through its transactivation activity. Furthermore, inhibition of HSF1 transactivation activity by KRIBB11 or CCT251236 can enhance diverse anti-mitosis drug-induced spindle defects and cell death. CONCLUSIONS The increased transactivation activity of HSF1 during mitosis appears to be required for accurate assembly of mitotic spindles, thereby supporting cell viability and probably AIG. In addition, inhibition of the transactivation activity of HSF1 may enhance the mitotic errors and cell death induced by anti-mitosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Rou Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Loissell-Baltazar YA, Dokudovskaya S. SEA and GATOR 10 Years Later. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102689. [PMID: 34685669 PMCID: PMC8534245 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The SEA complex was described for the first time in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ten years ago, and its human homologue GATOR complex two years later. During the past decade, many advances on the SEA/GATOR biology in different organisms have been made that allowed its role as an essential upstream regulator of the mTORC1 pathway to be defined. In this review, we describe these advances in relation to the identification of multiple functions of the SEA/GATOR complex in nutrient response and beyond and highlight the consequence of GATOR mutations in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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9
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Gonzalez-Estevez A, Verrico A, Orniacki C, Reina-San-Martin B, Doye V. Integrity of the short arm of the nuclear pore Y-complex is required for mouse embryonic stem cell growth and differentiation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268378. [PMID: 34037234 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes, ranging from cell division to differentiation, are controlled by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). However, studying the contributions of individual NPC subunits to these processes in vertebrates has long been impeded by their complexity and the lack of efficient genetic tools. Here, we use genome editing in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to characterize the role of NPC structural components, focusing on the short arm of the Y-complex that comprises Nup85, Seh1 and Nup43. We show that Seh1 and Nup43, although dispensable in pluripotent mESCs, are required for their normal cell growth rates, their viability upon differentiation and for the maintenance of proper NPC density. mESCs with an N-terminally truncated Nup85 mutation (in which interaction with Seh1 is greatly impaired) feature a similar reduction of NPC density. However, their proliferation and differentiation are unaltered, indicating that it is the integrity of the Y-complex, rather than the number of NPCs, that is critical to ensure these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gonzalez-Estevez
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale BioSPC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Clarisse Orniacki
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale BioSPC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.,Inserm U 1258, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 7104, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Valérie Doye
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale BioSPC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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11
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Zheng R, Shi Z, Li W, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhou Q. Identification and prognostic value of DLGAP5 in endometrial cancer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10433. [PMID: 33312770 PMCID: PMC7703392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer poses a serious threat to women’s health worldwide, and its pathogenesis, although actively explored, is not fully understood. DLGAP5 is a recently identified cell cycle-regulation gene not reported in endometrial cancer. This study was aiming to analyze the role of DLGAP5 in tumorigenesis and development and to investigate its prognostic significance of patients with endometrial cancer. Methodology Microarray datasets (GSE17025, GSE39099 and GSE63678) from the GEO database were used for comparative analysis, and their intersection was obtained by applying the Venn diagram, and DLGAP5 was selected as the target gene. Next, transcriptome data (n = 578) was downloaded from TCGA-UCEC to analyze the mRNA expression profile of DLGAP5. Then, immunohistochemical data provided by HPA were used to identify the different protein expression levels of DLGAP5 in tumor tissues and normal tissues. Subsequently, the prognostic meaning of DLGAP5 in patients with endometrial cancer was explored based on survival data from TCGA-UCEC (n = 541). Finally, the reliability of DLGAP5 expression was verified by RT-qPCR. Results Transcriptome data from TCGA-UCEC, immunohistochemical data from HPA, and RT-qPCR results from clinical samples were used for triple validation to confirm that the expression of DLGAP5 in endometrial cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal endometrial tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis announced that the expression level of DLGAP5 was negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with endometrial cancer. Conclusions DLGAP5 is a potential oncogene with cell cycle regulation, and its overexpression can predict the poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer. As a candidate target for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer, it is worthwhile to make further study to reveal the carcinogenicity of DLGAP5 and the mechanism of its resistance of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shi
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Rincón AM, Monje-Casas F. A guiding torch at the poles: the multiple roles of spindle microtubule-organizing centers during cell division. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1405-1421. [PMID: 32401610 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1754586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle constitutes the cellular machinery that enables the segregation of the chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. The microtubules that form this fascinating and complex genome distribution system emanate from specialized structures located at both its poles and known as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs). Beyond their structural function, the spindle MTOCs play fundamental roles in cell cycle control, the activation and functionality of the mitotic checkpoints and during cellular aging. This review highlights the pivotal importance of spindle-associated MTOCs in multiple cellular processes and their central role as key regulatory hubs where diverse intracellular signals are integrated and coordinated to ensure the successful completion of cell division and the maintenance of the replicative lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Rincón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla - Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla, Spain.,Dpto. de Genética / Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Monje-Casas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) / CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla - Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Sevilla, Spain
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Kovaleva IE, Tokarchuk AV, Zheltukhin AO, Dalina AA, Safronov GG, Evstafieva AG, Lyamzaev KG, Chumakov PM, Budanov AV. Mitochondrial localization of SESN2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226862. [PMID: 32287270 PMCID: PMC7156099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SESN2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved sestrin protein family found in most of the Metazoa species. The SESN2 gene is transcriptionally activated by many stress factors, including metabolic derangements, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA-damage. As a result, SESN2 controls ROS accumulation, metabolism, and cell viability. The best-known function of SESN2 is the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 kinase (mTORC1) that plays a central role in support of cell growth and suppression of autophagy. SESN2 inhibits mTORC1 activity through interaction with the GATOR2 protein complex preventing an inhibitory effect of GATOR2 on the GATOR1 protein complex. GATOR1 stimulates GTPase activity of the RagA/B small GTPase, the component of RagA/B:RagC/D complex, preventing mTORC1 translocation to the lysosomes and its activation by the small GTPase Rheb. Despite the well-established role of SESN2 in mTORC1 inhibition, other SESN2 activities are not well-characterized. We recently showed that SESN2 could control mitochondrial function and cell death via mTORC1-independent mechanisms, and these activities might be explained by direct effects of SESN2 on mitochondria. In this work, we examined mitochondrial localization of SESN2 and demonstrated that SESN2 is located on mitochondria and can be directly involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei O. Zheltukhin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Dalina
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy G. Safronov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra G. Evstafieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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14
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Kim YI, Nam IK, Um JY, Choe SK. Regulatory role of Wdr24 in autophagy activity during zebrafish embryogenesis. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Willems E, Dedobbeleer M, Digregorio M, Lombard A, Lumapat PN, Rogister B. The functional diversity of Aurora kinases: a comprehensive review. Cell Div 2018; 13:7. [PMID: 30250494 PMCID: PMC6146527 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinases essential for the onset and progression of mitosis. Aurora members share a similar protein structure and kinase activity, but exhibit distinct cellular and subcellular localization. AurA favors the G2/M transition by promoting centrosome maturation and mitotic spindle assembly. AurB and AurC are chromosome-passenger complex proteins, crucial for chromosome binding to kinetochores and segregation of chromosomes. Cellular distribution of AurB is ubiquitous, while AurC expression is mainly restricted to meiotically-active germ cells. In human tumors, all Aurora kinase members play oncogenic roles related to their mitotic activity and promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, AurA plays tumor-promoting roles unrelated to mitosis, including tumor stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion. In this review, we aim to understand the functional interplay of Aurora kinases in various types of human cells, including tumor cells. The understanding of the functional diversity of Aurora kinases could help to evaluate their relevance as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Willems
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Dedobbeleer
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,2Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Noel Lumapat
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,3Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- 1Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,3Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Platani M, Samejima I, Samejima K, Kanemaki MT, Earnshaw WC. Seh1 targets GATOR2 and Nup153 to mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213140. [PMID: 29618633 PMCID: PMC5992584 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, the Nup107 complex (also known as the nucleoporin Y-complex) plays a major role in formation of the nuclear pore complex in interphase and is localised to kinetochores in mitosis. The Nup107 complex shares a single highly conserved subunit, Seh1 (also known as SEH1L in mammals) with the GATOR2 complex, an essential activator of mTORC1 kinase. mTORC1/GATOR2 has a central role in the coordination of cell growth and proliferation. Here, we use chemical genetics and quantitative chromosome proteomics to study the role of the Seh1 protein in mitosis. Surprisingly, Seh1 is not required for the association of the Nup107 complex with mitotic chromosomes, but it is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and nucleoporin Nup153 with mitotic chromosomes. Our analysis also reveals a role for Seh1 at human centromeres, where it is required for efficient localisation of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). Furthermore, this analysis detects a functional interaction between the Nup107 complex and the small kinetochore protein SKAP (also known as KNSTRN). Highlighted Article: The nucleoporin Seh1 is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and the nucleoporin Nup153, but not the Nup107 complex, with mitotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Platani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kumiko Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Engineering, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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17
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Ritter A, Friemel A, Kreis NN, Louwen F, Yuan J. Impact of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84271-84285. [PMID: 27713178 PMCID: PMC5356661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been established as one of the most promising targets for molecular anticancer intervention. In fact, various Plk1 inhibitors have been identified and characterized. While the data derived from the bench are prospective, the clinical outcomes are less encouraging by showing modest efficacy. One of the explanations for this discrepancy could be unintendedly targeting of non-malignant cells by Plk1 inhibitors. In this work, we have addressed the effect of Plk1 inhibition in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We show that both visceral and subcutaneous ASCs display monopolar spindles, reduced viability and strong apoptosis induction upon treatment with BI 2536 and BI 6727, the Plk1 kinase domain inhibitors, and with Poloxin, the regulatory Polo-box domain inhibitor. While Poloxin triggers quickly apoptosis, BI 2536 and BI 6727 result in mitotic arrest in ASCs. Importantly, survived ASCs exhibit DNA damage and a pronounced senescent phenotype. In addition, Plk1 inhibition impairs ASCs' motility and homing ability. These results show that Plk1 inhibitors target slowly proliferating ASCs, an important population of anti-inflammation and immune modulation. The toxic effects on primary cells like ASCs could be partially responsible for the reported moderate antitumor activity in patients treated with Plk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Ritter A, Kreis NN, Louwen F, Wordeman L, Yuan J. Molecular insight into the regulation and function of MCAK. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:228-45. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1178705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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