1
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Zein-Sabatto H, Brockett JS, Jin L, Husbands CA, Lee J, Fang J, Buehler J, Bullock SL, Lerit DA. Centrocortin potentiates co-translational localization of its mRNA to the centrosome via dynein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.09.607365. [PMID: 39149256 PMCID: PMC11326273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes rely upon proteins within the pericentriolar material to nucleate and organize microtubules. Several mRNAs also reside at centrosomes, although less is known about how and why they accumulate there. We previously showed that local Centrocortin ( Cen ) mRNA supports centrosome separation, microtubule organization, and viability in Drosophila embryos. Here, using Cen mRNA as a model, we examine mechanisms of centrosomal mRNA localization. We find that while the Cen N'-terminus is sufficient for protein enrichment at centrosomes, multiple domains cooperate to concentrate Cen mRNA at this location. We further identify an N'-terminal motif within Cen that is conserved among dynein cargo adaptor proteins and test its contribution to RNA localization. Our results support a model whereby Cen protein enables the accumulation of its own mRNA to centrosomes through a mechanism requiring active translation, microtubules, and the dynein motor complex. Taken together, our data uncover the basis of translation-dependent localization of a centrosomal RNA required for mitotic integrity. Summary Enrichment of Centrocortin ( Cen ) mRNA at centrosomes is required for mitotic fidelity. This study describes a mechanism underlying co-translational Cen mRNA targeting involving microtubules, the dynein motor, and a highly conserved dynein binding motif within the Cen coding sequence.
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2
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Zhang J, Qiu R, Xie S, Rasmussen M, Xiang X. VezA/vezatin facilitates proper assembly of the dynactin complex in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590248. [PMID: 38659795 PMCID: PMC11042379 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-mediated intracellular transport needs the multi-component dynactin complex for cargo binding and motor activation. However, cellular factors involved in dynactin assembly remain unexplored. Here we found in Aspergillus nidulans that the vezatin homolog VezA is important for dynactin assembly. VezA affects the microtubule plus-end accumulation of dynein before cargo binding and cargo adapter-mediated dynein activation, two processes that both need dynactin. The dynactin complex contains multiple components including an Arp1 (actin-related protein 1) mini-filament associated with a pointed-end sub-complex. VezA physically interacts with dynactin either directly or indirectly via the Arp1 mini-filament and its pointed-end sub-complex. Loss of VezA causes a defect in dynactin integrity, most likely by affecting the connection between the Arp1 mini-filament and its pointed-end sub-complex. Using various dynactin mutants, we further revealed that assembly of the dynactin complex must be highly coordinated. Together, these results shed important new light on dynactin assembly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Rongde Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Sean Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
- Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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3
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Feng Y, Tang D, Wang J. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240922. [PMID: 38623460 PMCID: PMC11017184 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
SPDL1 (spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1), also referred to as CCDC99, is a recently identified gene involved in cell cycle regulation. SPDL1 encodes a protein, hSpindly, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of spindle checkpoint silencing during mitosis. hSpindly coordinates microtubule attachment by promoting kinesin recruitment and mitotic checkpoint signaling. Moreover, the protein performs numerous biological functions in vivo and its aberrant expression is closely associated with abnormal neuronal development, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, and malignant tumor development. In this review, we provide an overview of studies that reveal the characteristics of SPDL1 and of the protein encoded by it, as well as its biological and tumor-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Feng
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Donghao Tang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
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4
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Singh K, Lau CK, Manigrasso G, Gama JB, Gassmann R, Carter AP. Molecular mechanism of dynein-dynactin complex assembly by LIS1. Science 2024; 383:eadk8544. [PMID: 38547289 PMCID: PMC7615804 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor vital for cellular organization and division. It functions as a ~4-megadalton complex containing its cofactor dynactin and a cargo-specific coiled-coil adaptor. However, how dynein and dynactin recognize diverse adaptors, how they interact with each other during complex formation, and the role of critical regulators such as lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) protein (LIS1) remain unclear. In this study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of dynein-dynactin on microtubules with LIS1 and the lysosomal adaptor JIP3. This structure reveals the molecular basis of interactions occurring during dynein activation. We show how JIP3 activates dynein despite its atypical architecture. Unexpectedly, LIS1 binds dynactin's p150 subunit, tethering it along the length of dynein. Our data suggest that LIS1 and p150 constrain dynein-dynactin to ensure efficient complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Singh
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Giulia Manigrasso
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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5
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McGory JM, Verma V, Barcelos DM, Maresca TJ. Multimerization of a disordered kinetochore protein promotes accurate chromosome segregation by localizing a core dynein module. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202211122. [PMID: 38180477 PMCID: PMC10770731 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores connect chromosomes and spindle microtubules to maintain genomic integrity through cell division. Crosstalk between the minus-end directed motor dynein and kinetochore-microtubule attachment factors promotes accurate chromosome segregation by a poorly understood pathway. Here, we identify a linkage between the intrinsically disordered protein Spc105 (KNL1 orthologue) and dynein using an optogenetic oligomerization assay. Core pools of the checkpoint protein BubR1 and the adaptor complex RZZ contribute to the linkage. Furthermore, a minimal segment of Spc105 with a propensity to multimerize and which contains protein binding motifs is sufficient to link Spc105 to RZZ/dynein. Deletion of the minimal region from Spc105 compromises the recruitment of its binding partners to kinetochores and elevates chromosome missegregation due to merotelic attachments. Restoration of normal chromosome segregation and localization of BubR1 and RZZ requires both protein binding motifs and oligomerization of Spc105. Together, our results reveal that higher-order multimerization of Spc105 contributes to localizing a core pool of RZZ that promotes accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. McGory
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vikash Verma
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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6
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Rao L, Gennerich A. Structure and Function of Dynein's Non-Catalytic Subunits. Cells 2024; 13:330. [PMID: 38391943 PMCID: PMC10886578 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynein, an ancient microtubule-based motor protein, performs diverse cellular functions in nearly all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of land plants. It has evolved into three subfamilies-cytoplasmic dynein-1, cytoplasmic dynein-2, and axonemal dyneins-each differentiated by their cellular functions. These megadalton complexes consist of multiple subunits, with the heavy chain being the largest subunit that generates motion and force along microtubules by converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Beyond this catalytic core, the functionality of dynein is significantly enhanced by numerous non-catalytic subunits. These subunits are integral to the complex, contributing to its stability, regulating its enzymatic activities, targeting it to specific cellular locations, and mediating its interactions with other cofactors. The diversity of non-catalytic subunits expands dynein's cellular roles, enabling it to perform critical tasks despite the conservation of its heavy chains. In this review, we discuss recent findings and insights regarding these non-catalytic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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7
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Wu J, Raas MW, Alcaraz PS, Vos HR, Tromer EC, Snel B, Kops GJ. A farnesyl-dependent structural role for CENP-E in expansion of the fibrous corona. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202303007. [PMID: 37934467 PMCID: PMC10630089 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct chromosome segregation during cell division depends on proper connections between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. During prometaphase, kinetochores are temporarily covered with a dense protein meshwork known as the fibrous corona. Formed by oligomerization of ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH-SPINDLY (RZZ-S) complexes, the fibrous corona promotes spindle assembly, chromosome orientation, and spindle checkpoint signaling. The molecular requirements for formation of the fibrous corona are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibrous corona depends on the mitotic kinesin CENP-E and that poorly expanded fibrous coronas after CENP-E depletion are functionally compromised. This previously unrecognized role for CENP-E does not require its motor activity but instead is driven by farnesyl modification of its C-terminal kinetochore- and microtubule-binding domain. We show that in cells, CENP-E binds Spindly and recruits RZZ-S complexes to ectopic locations in a farnesyl-dependent manner. CENP-E is recruited to kinetochores following RZZ-S, and-while not required for RZZ-S oligomerization per se-promotes subsequent fibrous corona expansion. Our comparative genomics analyses suggest that the farnesylation motif in CENP-E orthologs emerged alongside the full RZZ-S module in an ancestral lineage close to the fungi-animal split (Obazoa), revealing potential conservation of the mechanisms for fibrous corona formation. Our results show that proper spindle assembly has a potentially conserved non-motor contribution from the kinesin CENP-E through stabilization of the fibrous corona meshwork during its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian W.D. Raas
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eelco C. Tromer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert J.P.L. Kops
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Cmentowski V, Ciossani G, d'Amico E, Wohlgemuth S, Owa M, Dynlacht B, Musacchio A. RZZ-Spindly and CENP-E form an integrated platform to recruit dynein to the kinetochore corona. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114838. [PMID: 37984321 PMCID: PMC10711656 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation on the mitotic spindle is prerequisite to errorless genome inheritance. CENP-E (kinesin-7) and dynein-dynactin (DD), microtubule motors with opposite polarity, promote biorientation from the kinetochore corona, a polymeric structure whose assembly requires MPS1 kinase. The corona's building block consists of ROD, Zwilch, ZW10, and the DD adaptor Spindly (RZZS). How CENP-E and DD are scaffolded and mutually coordinated in the corona remains unclear. Here, we show that when corona assembly is prevented through MPS1 inhibition, CENP-E is absolutely required to retain RZZS at kinetochores. An RZZS phosphomimetic mutant bypasses this requirement, demonstrating the existence of a second receptor for polymeric RZZS. With active MPS1, CENP-E is dispensable for corona expansion, but strictly required for physiological kinetochore accumulation of DD. Thus, we identify the corona as an integrated scaffold where CENP-E kinesin controls DD kinetochore loading for coordinated bidirectional transport of chromosome cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Ennio d'Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
Division of Structural StudiesMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of PathologyNew York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of PathologyNew York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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9
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Baltrusaitis EE, Ravitch EE, Fenton AR, Perez TA, Holzbaur ELF, Dominguez R. Interaction between the mitochondrial adaptor MIRO and the motor adaptor TRAK. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105441. [PMID: 37949220 PMCID: PMC10746525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MIRO (mitochondrial Rho GTPase) consists of two GTPase domains flanking two Ca2+-binding EF-hand domains. A C-terminal transmembrane helix anchors MIRO to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it functions as a general adaptor for the recruitment of cytoskeletal proteins that control mitochondrial dynamics. One protein recruited by MIRO is TRAK (trafficking kinesin-binding protein), which in turn recruits the microtubule-based motors kinesin-1 and dynein-dynactin. The mechanism by which MIRO interacts with TRAK is not well understood. Here, we map and quantitatively characterize the interaction of human MIRO1 and TRAK1 and test its potential regulation by Ca2+ and/or GTP binding. TRAK1 binds MIRO1 with low micromolar affinity. The interaction was mapped to a fragment comprising MIRO1's EF-hands and C-terminal GTPase domain and to a conserved sequence motif within TRAK1 residues 394 to 431, immediately C-terminal to the Spindly motif. This sequence is sufficient for MIRO1 binding in vitro and is necessary for MIRO1-dependent localization of TRAK1 to mitochondria in cells. MIRO1's EF-hands bind Ca2+ with dissociation constants (KD) of 3.9 μM and 300 nM. This suggests that under cellular conditions one EF-hand may be constitutively bound to Ca2+ whereas the other EF-hand binds Ca2+ in a regulated manner, depending on its local concentration. Yet, the MIRO1-TRAK1 interaction is independent of Ca2+ binding to the EF-hands and of the nucleotide state (GDP or GTP) of the C-terminal GTPase. The interaction is also independent of TRAK1 dimerization, such that a TRAK1 dimer can be expected to bind two MIRO1 molecules on the mitochondrial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana E Baltrusaitis
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erika E Ravitch
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam R Fenton
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tania A Perez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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10
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Pan H, Qin Y, Zhu J, Wang W, Liu Z, Huang X, Lam SM, Shui G, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Huang X. Centrins control chicken cone cell lipid droplet dynamics through lipid-droplet-localized SPDL1. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2528-2544.e8. [PMID: 37699389 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
As evolutionarily conserved organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) carry out numerous functions and have various subcellular localizations in different cell types and species. In avian cone cells, there is a single apically localized LD. We demonstrated that CIDEA (cell death inducing DFFA like effector a) and microtubules promote the formation of the single LD in chicken cone cells. Centrins, which are well-known centriole proteins, target to the cone cell LD via their C-terminal calcium-binding domains. Centrins localize on cone cell LDs with the help of SPDL1-L (spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1-L), a previously uncharacterized isoform of the kinetochore-associated dynein adaptor SPDL1. The loss of CETN3 or overexpression of a truncated CETN1 abrogates the apical localization of the cone cell LD. Simulation analysis showed that multiple LDs or a single mispositioned LD reduces the light sensitivity. Collectively, our findings identify a role of centrins in the regulation of cone cell LD localization, which is important for the light sensitivity of cone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Salvador-Garcia D, Jin L, Hensley A, Gölcük M, Gallaud E, Chaaban S, Port F, Vagnoni A, Planelles-Herrero VJ, McClintock MA, Derivery E, Carter AP, Giet R, Gür M, Yildiz A, Bullock SL. A force-sensitive mutation reveals a spindle assembly checkpoint-independent role for dynein in anaphase progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551815. [PMID: 37577480 PMCID: PMC10418259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) motor organizes cells by shaping microtubule networks and moving a large variety of cargoes along them. However, dynein's diverse roles complicate in vivo studies of its functions significantly. To address this issue, we have used gene editing to generate a series of missense mutations in Drosophila Dynein heavy chain (Dhc). We find that mutations associated with human neurological disease cause a range of defects in larval and adult flies, including impaired cargo trafficking in neurons. We also describe a novel mutation in the microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) of Dhc that, remarkably, causes metaphase arrest of mitotic spindles in the embryo but does not impair other dynein-dependent processes. We demonstrate that the mitotic arrest is independent of dynein's well-established roles in silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint. In vitro reconstitution and optical trapping assays reveal that the mutation only impairs the performance of dynein under load. In silico all-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that this effect correlates with increased flexibility of the MTBD, as well as an altered orientation of the stalk domain, with respect to the microtubule. Collectively, our data point to a novel role of dynein in anaphase progression that depends on the motor operating in a specific load regime. More broadly, our work illustrates how cytoskeletal transport processes can be dissected in vivo by manipulating mechanical properties of motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jin
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew Hensley
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mert Gölcük
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fillip Port
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Mark A. McClintock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Régis Giet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mert Gür
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon L. Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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12
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Ide AH, DeLuca KF, Wiggan O, Markus SM, DeLuca JG. The role of kinetochore dynein in checkpoint silencing is restricted to disassembly of the corona. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar76. [PMID: 37126397 PMCID: PMC10295480 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule attachments are monitored by a molecular surveillance system known as the spindle assembly checkpoint. The prevailing model posits that dynein evicts checkpoint proteins (e.g., Mad1, Mad2) from stably attached kinetochores by transporting them away from kinetochores, thus contributing to checkpoint silencing. However, the mechanism by which dynein performs this function, and its precise role in checkpoint silencing remain unresolved. Here, we find that dynein's role in checkpoint silencing is restricted to evicting checkpoint effectors from the fibrous corona, and not the outer kinetochore. Dynein evicts these molecules from the corona in a manner that does not require stable, end-on microtubule attachments. Thus, by disassembling the corona through indiscriminate microtubule encounters, dynein primes the checkpoint signaling apparatus so it can respond to stable end-on microtubule attachments and permit cells to progress through mitosis. Accordingly, we find that dynein function in checkpoint silencing becomes largely dispensable in cells in which checkpoint effectors are excluded from the corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Ide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Keith F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Steven M. Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Jennifer G. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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13
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McGory JM, Barcelos DM, Verma V, Maresca TJ. An intrinsically disordered kinetochore protein coordinates mechanical regulation of chromosome segregation by dynein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539709. [PMID: 37214933 PMCID: PMC10197574 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Kinetochores connect chromosomes and spindle microtubules to maintain genomic integrity through cell division. Crosstalk between the minus-end directed motor dynein and kinetochore-microtubule attachment factors promotes accurate chromosome segregation through a poorly understood pathway. Here we identify a physical linkage between the intrinsically disordered protein Spc105 (KNL1 orthologue) and dynein using an optogenetic oligomerization assay. Core pools of the checkpoint protein BubR1 and the adaptor complex RZZ mediate the connection of Spc105 to dynein. Furthermore, a minimal segment of Spc105 that contains regions with a propensity to multimerize and binding motifs for Bub1 and BubR1 is sufficient to functionally link Spc105 to RZZ and dynein. Deletion of the minimal region from Spc105 reduces recruitment of its binding partners to bioriented kinetochores and causes chromosome mis-segregation. Restoration of normal chromosome segregation and localization of BubR1 and RZZ requires both protein binding motifs and higher-order oligomerization of Spc105. Together, our results reveal that higher-order multimerization of Spc105 is required to recruit a core pool of RZZ that modulates microtubule attachment stability to promote accurate chromosome segregation.
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14
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Garner KE, Salter A, Lau CK, Gurusaran M, Villemant CM, Granger EP, McNee G, Woodman PG, Davies OR, Burke BE, Allan VJ. The meiotic LINC complex component KASH5 is an activating adaptor for cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204042. [PMID: 36946995 PMCID: PMC10071310 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-driven movement of chromosomes during prophase I of mammalian meiosis is essential for synapsis and genetic exchange. Dynein connects to chromosome telomeres via KASH5 and SUN1 or SUN2, which together span the nuclear envelope. Here, we show that KASH5 promotes dynein motility in vitro, and cytosolic KASH5 inhibits dynein's interphase functions. KASH5 interacts with a dynein light intermediate chain (DYNC1LI1 or DYNC1LI2) via a conserved helix in the LIC C-terminal, and this region is also needed for dynein's recruitment to other cellular membranes. KASH5's N-terminal EF-hands are essential as the interaction with dynein is disrupted by mutation of key calcium-binding residues, although it is not regulated by cellular calcium levels. Dynein can be recruited to KASH5 at the nuclear envelope independently of dynactin, while LIS1 is essential for dynactin incorporation into the KASH5-dynein complex. Altogether, we show that the transmembrane protein KASH5 is an activating adaptor for dynein and shed light on the hierarchy of assembly of KASH5-dynein-dynactin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E.L. Garner
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Salter
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cécile M. Villemant
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Granger
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin McNee
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip G. Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian E. Burke
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria J. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Gallisà-Suñé N, Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa P, Zimmermann F, Serna M, Regué L, Paz J, Llorca O, Lüders J, Roig J. BICD2 phosphorylation regulates dynein function and centrosome separation in G2 and M. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2434. [PMID: 37105961 PMCID: PMC10140047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of dynein is regulated by a number of adaptors that mediate its interaction with dynactin, effectively activating the motor complex while also connecting it to different cargos. The regulation of adaptors is consequently central to dynein physiology but remains largely unexplored. We now describe that one of the best-known dynein adaptors, BICD2, is effectively activated through phosphorylation. In G2, phosphorylation of BICD2 by CDK1 promotes its interaction with PLK1. In turn, PLK1 phosphorylation of a single residue in the N-terminus of BICD2 results in a structural change that facilitates the interaction with dynein and dynactin, allowing the formation of active motor complexes. Moreover, modified BICD2 preferentially interacts with the nucleoporin RanBP2 once RanBP2 has been phosphorylated by CDK1. BICD2 phosphorylation is central for dynein recruitment to the nuclear envelope, centrosome tethering to the nucleus and centrosome separation in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. This work reveals adaptor activation through phosphorylation as crucial for the spatiotemporal regulation of dynein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gallisà-Suñé
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Aging and Metabolism Programme, IRB Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Zimmermann
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Serna
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Regué
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Paz
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Roig
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Cmentowski V, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Wohlgemuth S, Owa M, Dynlacht B, Musacchio A. A mechanism that integrates microtubule motors of opposite polarity at the kinetochore corona. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538277. [PMID: 37163019 PMCID: PMC10168246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation on the mitotic spindle is prerequisite to errorless genome inheritance. CENP-E (kinesin 7) and Dynein-Dynactin (DD), microtubule motors with opposite polarity, promote biorientation from the kinetochore corona, a polymeric structure whose assembly requires MPS1 kinase. The corona's building block consists of ROD, Zwilch, ZW10, and the DD adaptor Spindly (RZZS). How CENP-E and DD are scaffolded and mutually coordinated in the corona remains unclear. Here, we report near-complete depletion of RZZS and DD from kinetochores after depletion of CENP-E and the outer kinetochore protein KNL1. With inhibited MPS1, CENP-E, which we show binds directly to RZZS, is required to retain kinetochore RZZS. An RZZS phosphomimetic mutant bypasses this requirement. With active MPS1, CENP-E is dispensable for corona expansion, but strictly required for physiological kinetochore accumulation of DD. Thus, we identify the corona as an integrated scaffold where CENP-E kinesin controls DD kinetochore loading for coordinated bidirectional transport of chromosome cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Wu J, Larreategui-Aparicio A, Lambers MLA, Bodor DL, Klaasen SJ, Tollenaar E, de Ruijter-Villani M, Kops GJPL. Microtubule nucleation from the fibrous corona by LIC1-pericentrin promotes chromosome congression. Curr Biol 2023; 33:912-925.e6. [PMID: 36720222 PMCID: PMC10017265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Error-free chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis relies on the assembly of a microtubule-based spindle that interacts with kinetochores to guide chromosomes to the cell equator before segregation in anaphase. Microtubules sprout from nucleation sites such as centrosomes, but kinetochores can also promote microtubule formation. It is unclear, however, how kinetochore-derived microtubules are generated and what their role is in chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the transient outer-kinetochore meshwork known as the fibrous corona serves as an autonomous microtubule nucleation platform. The fibrous corona is essential for the nucleation of kinetochore-derived microtubules, and when dissociated from the core kinetochore, it retains microtubule nucleation capacity. Nucleation relies on a fibrous-corona-bound pool of the LIC1 subunit of the dynein motor complex, which interacts with the γ-tubulin-tethering protein pericentrin (PCNT). PCNT is essential for microtubule nucleation from fibrous coronas, and in centrosome-depleted cells, where nearly all mitotic nucleation occurs at fibrous coronas, chromosome congression is fully dependent on PCNT. We further show that chromosomes in bovine oocytes, which naturally lack centrosomes, have highly expanded fibrous coronas that drive chromosome-derived microtubule nucleation. Preventing fibrous corona expansion in these cells impairs chromosome congression and causes spindle assembly defects. Our results show that fibrous coronas are autonomous microtubule-organizing centers that are important for spindle assembly, which may be especially relevant in acentrosomal cells such as oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ainhoa Larreategui-Aparicio
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike L A Lambers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dani L Bodor
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J Klaasen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Woman and Baby, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Canty JT, Hensley A, Aslan M, Jack A, Yildiz A. TRAK adaptors regulate the recruitment and activation of dynein and kinesin in mitochondrial transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1376. [PMID: 36914620 PMCID: PMC10011603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transport along microtubules is mediated by Miro1 and TRAK adaptors that recruit kinesin-1 and dynein-dynactin. To understand how these opposing motors are regulated during mitochondrial transport, we reconstitute the bidirectional transport of Miro1/TRAK along microtubules in vitro. We show that the coiled-coil domain of TRAK activates dynein-dynactin and enhances the motility of kinesin-1 activated by its cofactor MAP7. We find that TRAK adaptors that recruit both motors move towards kinesin-1's direction, whereas kinesin-1 is excluded from binding TRAK transported by dynein-dynactin, avoiding motor tug-of-war. We also test the predictions of the models that explain how mitochondrial transport stalls in regions with elevated Ca2+. Transport of Miro1/TRAK by kinesin-1 is not affected by Ca2+. Instead, we demonstrate that the microtubule docking protein syntaphilin induces resistive forces that stall kinesin-1 and dynein-driven motility. Our results suggest that mitochondrial transport stalls by Ca2+-mediated recruitment of syntaphilin to the mitochondrial membrane, not by disruption of the transport machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Canty
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, 94080, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Hensley
- Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Merve Aslan
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Amanda Jack
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The microtubule minus-end-directed motility of cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), arguably the most complex and versatile cytoskeletal motor, is harnessed for diverse functions, such as long-range organelle transport in neuronal axons and spindle assembly in dividing cells. The versatility of dynein raises a number of intriguing questions, including how is dynein recruited to its diverse cargo, how is recruitment coupled to activation of the motor, how is motility regulated to meet different requirements for force production and how does dynein coordinate its activity with that of other microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) present on the same cargo. Here, these questions will be discussed in the context of dynein at the kinetochore, the supramolecular protein structure that connects segregating chromosomes to spindle microtubules in dividing cells. As the first kinetochore-localized MAP described, dynein has intrigued cell biologists for more than three decades. The first part of this Review summarizes current knowledge about how kinetochore dynein contributes to efficient and accurate spindle assembly, and the second part describes the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlights emerging commonalities with dynein regulation at other subcellular sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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20
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d'Amico EA, Ud Din Ahmad M, Cmentowski V, Girbig M, Müller F, Wohlgemuth S, Brockmeyer A, Maffini S, Janning P, Vetter IR, Carter AP, Perrakis A, Musacchio A. Conformational transitions of the Spindly adaptor underlie its interaction with Dynein and Dynactin. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213466. [PMID: 36107127 PMCID: PMC9481740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Dynein 1, or Dynein, is a microtubule minus end-directed motor. Dynein motility requires Dynactin and a family of activating adaptors that stabilize the Dynein-Dynactin complex and promote regulated interactions with cargo in space and time. How activating adaptors limit Dynein activation to specialized subcellular locales is unclear. Here, we reveal that Spindly, a mitotic Dynein adaptor at the kinetochore corona, exists natively in a closed conformation that occludes binding of Dynein-Dynactin to its CC1 box and Spindly motif. A structure-based analysis identified various mutations promoting an open conformation of Spindly that binds Dynein-Dynactin. A region of Spindly downstream from the Spindly motif and not required for cargo binding faces the CC1 box and stabilizes the intramolecular closed conformation. This region is also required for robust kinetochore localization of Spindly, suggesting that kinetochores promote Spindly activation to recruit Dynein. Thus, our work illustrates how specific Dynein activation at a defined cellular locale may require multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio A d'Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Misbha Ud Din Ahmad
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brockmeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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21
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Barbosa J, Sunkel CE, Conde C. SPIN(DLY)-OFF: A tale of conformational change to control DYNEIN. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202209063. [PMID: 36200976 PMCID: PMC9545695 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Barbosa et al. discuss work by Mussachio and colleagues (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202206131) finding that conformational changes in the DYNEIN adaptor SPINDLY can precisely control DYNEIN activation at kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciência Biomédica de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Chaaban S, Carter AP. Structure of dynein-dynactin on microtubules shows tandem adaptor binding. Nature 2022; 610:212-216. [PMID: 36071160 PMCID: PMC7613678 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor that is activated by its cofactor dynactin and a coiled-coil cargo adaptor1-3. Up to two dynein dimers can be recruited per dynactin, and interactions between them affect their combined motile behaviour4-6. Different coiled-coil adaptors are linked to different cargos7,8, and some share motifs known to contact sites on dynein and dynactin4,9-13. There is limited structural information on how the resulting complex interacts with microtubules and how adaptors are recruited. Here we develop a cryo-electron microscopy processing pipeline to solve the high-resolution structure of dynein-dynactin and the adaptor BICDR1 bound to microtubules. This reveals the asymmetric interactions between neighbouring dynein motor domains and how they relate to motile behaviour. We found that two adaptors occupy the complex. Both adaptors make similar interactions with the dyneins but diverge in their contacts with each other and dynactin. Our structure has implications for the stability and stoichiometry of motor recruitment by cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Chaaban
- Division of Structural Studies, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Carter
- Division of Structural Studies, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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In vitro characterization of the full-length human dynein-1 cargo adaptor BicD2. Structure 2022; 30:1470-1478.e3. [PMID: 36150379 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cargo adaptors are crucial in coupling motor proteins with their respective cargos and regulatory proteins. BicD2 is a prominent example within the cargo adaptor family. BicD2 is able to recruit the microtubule motor dynein to RNA, viral particles, and nuclei. The BicD2-mediated interaction between the nucleus and dynein is implicated in mitosis, interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) in radial glial progenitor cells, and neuron precursor migration during embryonic neocortex development. In vitro studies involving full-length cargo adaptors are difficult to perform due to the hydrophobic character, low-expression levels, and intrinsic flexibility of cargo adaptors. Here, we report the recombinant production of full-length human BicD2 and confirm its biochemical activity by interaction studies with RanBP2. We also describe pH-dependent conformational changes of BicD2 using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), template-free structure predictions, and biophysical tools. Our results will help define the biochemical parameters for the in vitro reconstitution of higher-order BicD2 protein complexes.
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24
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Celestino R, Gama JB, Castro-Rodrigues AF, Barbosa DJ, Rocha H, d’Amico EA, Musacchio A, Carvalho AX, Morais-Cabral JH, Gassmann R. JIP3 interacts with dynein and kinesin-1 to regulate bidirectional organelle transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213353. [PMID: 35829703 PMCID: PMC9284427 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase and motor scaffold JIP3 prevents excess lysosome accumulation in axons of vertebrates and invertebrates. How JIP3's interaction with dynein and kinesin-1 contributes to organelle clearance is unclear. We show that human dynein light intermediate chain (DLIC) binds the N-terminal RH1 domain of JIP3, its paralog JIP4, and the lysosomal adaptor RILP. A point mutation in RH1 abrogates DLIC binding without perturbing the interaction between JIP3's RH1 domain and kinesin heavy chain. Characterization of this separation-of-function mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that JIP3-bound dynein is required for organelle clearance in the anterior process of touch receptor neurons. Unlike JIP3 null mutants, JIP3 that cannot bind DLIC causes prominent accumulation of endo-lysosomal organelles at the neurite tip, which is rescued by a disease-associated point mutation in JIP3's leucine zipper that abrogates kinesin light chain binding. These results highlight that RH1 domains are interaction hubs for cytoskeletal motors and suggest that JIP3-bound dynein and kinesin-1 participate in bidirectional organelle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel J. Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Cooperative of Limited Liability (CRL), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Helder Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ennio A. d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João H. Morais-Cabral
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Correspondence to Reto Gassmann:
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25
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Agrawal R, Gillies JP, Zang JL, Zhang J, Garrott SR, Shibuya H, Nandakumar J, DeSantis ME. The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor. eLife 2022; 11:78201. [PMID: 35703493 PMCID: PMC9242646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynein harnesses ATP hydrolysis to move cargo on microtubules in multiple biological contexts. Dynein meets a unique challenge in meiosis by moving chromosomes tethered to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing essential for gametogenesis. Though processive dynein motility requires binding to an activating adaptor, the identity of the activating adaptor required for dynein to move meiotic chromosomes is unknown. We show that the meiosis-specific nuclear-envelope protein KASH5 is a dynein activating adaptor: KASH5 directly binds dynein using a mechanism conserved among activating adaptors and converts dynein into a processive motor. We map the dynein-binding surface of KASH5, identifying mutations that abrogate dynein binding in vitro and disrupt recruitment of the dynein machinery to the nuclear envelope in cultured cells and mouse spermatocytes in vivo. Our study identifies KASH5 as the first transmembrane dynein activating adaptor and provides molecular insights into how it activates dynein during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritvija Agrawal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Juliana L Zang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sharon R Garrott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jayakrishnan Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
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26
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Selective motor activation in organelle transport along axons. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:699-714. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Zhang Y, Song C, Wang L, Jiang H, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Fang J, Zhang G. Zombies Never Die: The Double Life Bub1 Lives in Mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870745. [PMID: 35646932 PMCID: PMC9136299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When eukaryotic cells enter mitosis, dispersed chromosomes move to the cell center along microtubules to form a metaphase plate which facilitates the accurate chromosome segregation. Meanwhile, kinetochores not stably attached by microtubules activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and generate a wait signal to delay the initiation of anaphase. These events are highly coordinated. Disruption of the coordination will cause severe problems like chromosome gain or loss. Bub1, a conserved serine/threonine kinase, plays important roles in mitosis. After extensive studies in the last three decades, the role of Bub1 on checkpoint has achieved a comprehensive understanding; its role on chromosome alignment also starts to emerge. In this review, we summarize the latest development of Bub1 on supporting the two mitotic events. The essentiality of Bub1 in higher eukaryotic cells is also discussed. At the end, some undissolved questions are raised for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunlin Song
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
| | - Gang Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
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28
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Almeida AC, Soares-de-Oliveira J, Drpic D, Cheeseman LP, Damas J, Lewin HA, Larkin DM, Aguiar P, Pereira AJ, Maiato H. Augmin-dependent microtubule self-organization drives kinetochore fiber maturation in mammals. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110610. [PMID: 35385739 PMCID: PMC8994134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mammals relies on the maturation of a thick bundle of kinetochore-attached microtubules known as k-fiber. How k-fibers mature from initial kinetochore microtubule attachments remains a fundamental question. By combining molecular perturbations and phenotypic analyses in Indian muntjac fibroblasts containing the lowest known diploid chromosome number in mammals (2N = 6) and distinctively large kinetochores, with fixed/live-cell super-resolution coherent-hybrid stimulated emission depletion (CH-STED) nanoscopy and laser microsurgery, we demonstrate a key role for augmin in kinetochore microtubule self-organization and maturation, regardless of pioneer centrosomal microtubules. In doing so, augmin promotes kinetochore and interpolar microtubule turnover and poleward flux. Tracking of microtubule growth events within individual k-fibers reveals a wide angular dispersion, consistent with augmin-mediated branched microtubule nucleation. Augmin depletion reduces the frequency of kinetochore microtubule growth events and hampers efficient repair after acute k-fiber injury by laser microsurgery. Together, these findings underscore the contribution of augmin-mediated microtubule amplification for k-fiber self-organization and maturation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares-de-Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Danica Drpic
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liam P Cheeseman
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Damas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Denis M Larkin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly‐driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein–dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high‐resolution cryo‐EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl‐binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ–Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation‐dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long‐sought‐for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Biology University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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30
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Sato O, Sakai T, Choo YY, Ikebe R, Watanabe TM, Ikebe M. Mitochondria-associated myosin 19 processively transports mitochondria on actin tracks in living cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101883. [PMID: 35367209 PMCID: PMC9065997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamentally important in cell function, and their malfunction can cause the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neuronal disorders. Myosin 19 (Myo19) shows discrete localization with mitochondria and is thought to play an important role in mitochondrial dynamics and function; however, the function of Myo19 in mitochondrial dynamics at the cellular and molecular levels is poorly understood. Critical missing information is whether Myo19 is a processive motor that is suitable for transportation of mitochondria. Here, we show for the first time that single Myo19 molecules processively move on actin filaments and can transport mitochondria in cells. We demonstrate that Myo19 dimers having a leucine zipper processively moved on cellular actin tracks in demembraned cells with a velocity of 50 to 60 nm/s and a run length of ∼0.4 μm, similar to the movement of isolated mitochondria from Myo19 dimer-transfected cells on actin tracks, suggesting that the Myo19 dimer can transport mitochondria. Furthermore, we show single molecules of Myo19 dimers processively moved on single actin filaments with a large step size of ∼34 nm. Importantly, WT Myo19 single molecules without the leucine zipper processively move in filopodia in living cells similar to Myo19 dimers, whereas deletion of the tail domain abolished such active movement. These results suggest that Myo19 can processively move on actin filaments when two Myo19 monomers form a dimer, presumably as a result of tail–tail association. In conclusion, Myo19 molecules can directly transport mitochondria on actin tracks within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A..
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31
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Buchholz K, Durślewicz J, Villodre ES, Gagat M, Grzanka D. SPDL1 Is an Independent Predictor of Patient Outcome in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031819. [PMID: 35163739 PMCID: PMC8836361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle Apparatus Coiled-Coil Protein 1 (SPDL1) is a relatively recently identified coiled-coil domain containing protein and an important determinant of DNA fidelity by ensuring faithful mitosis. Hence, SPDL1 is suspected to underlie genomic (in-)stability in human cancers, yet its exact roles in these diseases remain largely underexplored. Given that genomic instability (GIN) is a crucial feature in colorectal cancer (CRC), we primarily asked whether the expression of this protein may account for differences in clinicopathological features and survival rates of CRC patients. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the institutional tissue microarray (TMA), and gene expression by the analysis of publicly available datasets. To place the prognostic relevance in a predicted biological context, gene co-expression set around SPDL1 identified by public data mining was annotated and assessed for enrichment in gene ontology (GO) categories, BRITE hierarchies, and Reactome pathways. The comparison with adjacent normal tissue revealed a high expression of SPDL1 protein in a subset of tumor cases (48.84%), and these had better prognosis than the SPDL1-low expression counterpart even after adjustment for multiple confounders. SPDL1-high expression within tumors was associated with a median 56-month survival advantage, but not with any clinicopathological characteristics of our cohort. In the TCGA cohort, SPDL1 was overexpressed in tumor tissue and positively associated with improved survival, chromosome instability phenotype, and various GIN markers. In addition to the genes critically involved in the cell cycle and mitosis, a gene set co-expressed with SPDL1 contained checkpoint members of both chromosome segregation and DNA replication, as well as those associated with defective DNA repair, and retrograde vesicle-mediated transport. In conclusion, SPDL1 is an independent predictor of CRC patient survival in a possible connection with chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-42-00; Fax: +48-52-585-40-49
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Emilly Schlee Villodre
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
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32
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Samejima I, Spanos C, Samejima K, Rappsilber J, Kustatscher G, Earnshaw WC. Mapping the invisible chromatin transactions of prophase chromosome remodeling. Mol Cell 2022; 82:696-708.e4. [PMID: 35090599 PMCID: PMC8823707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used a combination of chemical genetics, chromatin proteomics, and imaging to map the earliest chromatin transactions during vertebrate cell entry into mitosis. Chicken DT40 CDK1as cells undergo synchronous mitotic entry within 15 min following release from a 1NM-PP1-induced arrest in late G2. In addition to changes in chromatin association with nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope, earliest prophase is dominated by changes in the association of ribonucleoproteins with chromatin, particularly in the nucleolus, where pre-rRNA processing factors leave chromatin significantly before RNA polymerase I. Nuclear envelope barrier function is lost early in prophase, and cytoplasmic proteins begin to accumulate on the chromatin. As a result, outer kinetochore assembly appears complete by nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). Most interphase chromatin proteins remain associated with chromatin until NEBD, after which their levels drop sharply. An interactive proteomic map of chromatin transactions during mitotic entry is available as a resource at https://mitoChEP.bio.ed.ac.uk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Kumiko Samejima
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Kustatscher
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
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Song P, Wusiman D, Li F, Wu X, Guo L, Li W, Gao S, He J. Pan-cancer analysis combined with experiments explores the oncogenic role of spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1 (SPDL1). Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:49. [PMID: 35093072 PMCID: PMC8801078 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The function of spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1 (SPDL1) as a cancer-promoting gene has been reported in a number of studies. However, the pan-cancer analysis of SPDL1 is still lacking. Here, we performed this pan-cancer analysis to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of SPDL1 and gain insights into the association between SPDL1 and immune infiltration. Methods In this study, based on the datasets of The cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Gene expression omnibus (GEO), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), we used R4.1.0 software and the online tools, including TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, Modbase, UALCAN, MEXPRESS, STRING, Ensembl, NCBI, HPA, Oncomine, PhosphoNET and the Kaplan-Meier plotter, to explore the potential oncogenic roles of SPDL1. The expression of SPDL1 was also further verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues. Results SPDL1 was overexpressed in most tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues, and SPDL1 expression was significantly correlated with the prognosis in most tumor types. The main type of genetic mutation of SPDL1 was missense mutation and the frequency of R318Q/W mutation was highest (4/119). The expression of SPDL1 was closely associated with genomic instability. The SPDL1 phosphorylation levels in S555 was enhanced in ovarian cancer. The SPDL1 expression was positively correlated with the immune infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in most of the tumor types. Nuclear division, organelle fission and chromosome segregation were involved in the functional mechanisms of SPDL1. Conclusions These findings suggested that SPDL1 might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancers, shedding new light on therapeutics of cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02461-w.
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Pergu R, Kumar M, Mahale SP, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Phosphorylation and Pin1 binding to the LIC1 subunit selectively regulate mitotic dynein functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212736. [PMID: 34709360 PMCID: PMC8562849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor performs multiple functions in mitosis by engaging with a wide cargo spectrum. One way to regulate dynein's cargo-binding selectivity is through the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its light intermediate chain 1 subunit (LIC1), which binds directly with cargo adaptors. Here we show that mitotic phosphorylation of LIC1-CTD at its three cdk1 sites is required for proper mitotic progression, for dynein loading onto prometaphase kinetochores, and for spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation in human cells. Mitotic LIC1-CTD phosphorylation also engages the prolyl isomerase Pin1 predominantly to Hook2-dynein-Nde1-Lis1 complexes, but not to dynein-spindly-dynactin complexes. LIC1-CTD dephosphorylation abrogates dynein-Pin1 binding, promotes prophase centrosome-nuclear envelope detachment, and impairs metaphase chromosome congression and mitotic Golgi fragmentation, without affecting interphase membrane transport. Phosphomutation of a conserved LIC1-CTD SP site in zebrafish leads to early developmental defects. Our work reveals that LIC1-CTD phosphorylation differentially regulates distinct mitotic dynein pools and suggests the evolutionary conservation of this phosphoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar P Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
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35
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Ban C, Yang F, Wei M, Liu Q, Wang J, Chen L, Lu L, Xie D, Liu L, Huang J. Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression Through One-Class Logistic Regression Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2021; 12:666561. [PMID: 34484287 PMCID: PMC8415636 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression includes the obtainment of progenitor and stem cell-like features and the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype. Stemness was defined as the potential for differentiation and self-renewal from the cell of origin. Previous studies have confirmed the effective application of stemness in a number of malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth and maintenance of multiple myeloma (MM) stem cells remain unclear. We calculated the stemness index for samples of MM by utilizing a novel one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine learning algorithm and found that mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) was an independent prognostic factor of MM. Based on the same cutoff value, mRNAsi could stratify MM patients into low and high groups with different outcomes. We identified 127 stemness-related signatures using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and DNA replication and repair. Using the molecular complex detection (MCODE) algorithm, we identified 34 pivotal signatures. Meanwhile, we conducted unsupervised clustering and classified the MM cohorts into three MM stemness (MMS) clusters with distinct prognoses. Samples in MMS-cluster3 possessed the highest stemness fractions and the worst prognosis. Additionally, we applied the ESTIMATE algorithm to infer differential immune infiltration among the three MMS clusters. The immune core and stromal score were significantly lower in MMS-cluster3 than in the other clusters, supporting the negative relation between stemness and anticancer immunity. Finally, we proposed a prognostic nomogram that allows for individualized assessment of the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities among patients with MM. Our study comprehensively assessed the MM stemness index based on large cohorts and built a 34-gene based classifier for predicting prognosis and potential strategies for stemness treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ban
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liuting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lie Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
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36
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Kops GJPL, Snel B, Tromer EC. Evolutionary Dynamics of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Eukaryotes. Curr Biol 2021; 30:R589-R602. [PMID: 32428500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous diversity in eukaryotic life forms can ultimately be traced back to evolutionary modifications at the level of molecular networks. Deep understanding of these modifications will not only explain cellular diversity, but will also uncover different ways to execute similar processes and expose the evolutionary 'rules' that shape the molecular networks. Here, we review the evolutionary dynamics of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a signaling network that guards fidelity of chromosome segregation. We illustrate how the interpretation of divergent SAC systems in eukaryotic species is facilitated by combining detailed molecular knowledge of the SAC and extensive comparative genome analyses. Ultimately, expanding this to other core cellular systems and experimentally interrogating such systems in organisms from all major lineages may start outlining the routes to and eventual manifestation of the cellular diversity of eukaryotic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eelco C Tromer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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37
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Fenton AR, Jongens TA, Holzbaur ELF. Mitochondrial adaptor TRAK2 activates and functionally links opposing kinesin and dynein motors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4578. [PMID: 34321481 PMCID: PMC8319186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are transported along microtubules by opposing kinesin and dynein motors. Kinesin-1 and dynein-dynactin are linked to mitochondria by TRAK proteins, but it is unclear how TRAKs coordinate these motors. We used single-molecule imaging of cell lysates to show that TRAK2 robustly activates kinesin-1 for transport toward the microtubule plus-end. TRAK2 is also a novel dynein activating adaptor that utilizes a conserved coiled-coil motif to interact with dynein to promote motility toward the microtubule minus-end. However, dynein-mediated TRAK2 transport is minimal unless the dynein-binding protein LIS1 is present at a sufficient level. Using co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments, we demonstrate that TRAK2 forms a complex containing both kinesin-1 and dynein-dynactin. These motors are functionally linked by TRAK2 as knockdown of either kinesin-1 or dynein-dynactin reduces the initiation of TRAK2 transport toward either microtubule end. We propose that TRAK2 coordinates kinesin-1 and dynein-dynactin as an interdependent motor complex, providing integrated control of opposing motors for the proper transport of mitochondria. Mitochondrial transport toward both the plus- and minus-ends of microtubules is mediated by motor proteins linked to mitochondria by TRAK adaptor proteins. Here the authors investigate the role of TRAK2 as a bidirectional motor adaptor, and propose a model where TRAK2 coordinates the activities of opposing kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein motors as a single interdependent motor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Fenton
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas A Jongens
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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38
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Nahacka Z, Zobalova R, Dubisova M, Rohlena J, Neuzil J. Miro proteins connect mitochondrial function and intercellular transport. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:401-425. [PMID: 34139898 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1925216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells, where they play major and multifaceted roles. The classical notion of the main mitochondrial function as the powerhouse of the cell per se has been complemented by recent discoveries pointing to mitochondria as organelles affecting a number of other auxiliary processes. They go beyond the classical energy provision via acting as a relay point of many catabolic and anabolic processes, to signaling pathways critically affecting cell growth by their implication in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. These additional roles further underscore the importance of mitochondrial homeostasis in various tissues, where its deregulation promotes a number of pathologies. While it has long been known that mitochondria can move within a cell to sites where they are needed, recent research has uncovered that mitochondria can also move between cells. While this intriguing field of research is only emerging, it is clear that mobilization of mitochondria requires a complex apparatus that critically involves mitochondrial proteins of the Miro family, whose role goes beyond the mitochondrial transfer, as will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Dubisova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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39
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Majstrowicz K, Honnert U, Nikolaus P, Schwarz V, Oeding SJ, Hemkemeyer SA, Bähler M. Coordination of mitochondrial and cellular dynamics by the actin-based motor Myo19. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268312. [PMID: 34013964 PMCID: PMC8186483 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin XIX (Myo19) is an actin-based motor that competes with adaptors of microtubule-based motors for binding to the outer mitochondrial transmembrane proteins Miro1 and Miro2 (collectively Miro, also known as RhoT1 and RhoT2, respectively). Here, we investigate which mitochondrial and cellular processes depend on the coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities. To this end, we created Myo19-deficient HEK293T cells. Mitochondria in these cells were not properly fragmented at mitosis and were partitioned asymmetrically to daughter cells. Respiratory functions of mitochondria were impaired and ROS generation was enhanced. On a cellular level, cell proliferation, cytokinesis and cell-matrix adhesion were negatively affected. On a molecular level, Myo19 regulates focal adhesions in interphase, and mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrially associated levels of fission protein Drp1 and adaptor proteins dynactin and TRAK1 at prometaphase. These alterations were due to a disturbed coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities by Miro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majstrowicz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Honnert
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Nikolaus
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Oeding
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westfalian Wilhelms University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Cason SE, Carman PJ, Van Duyne C, Goldsmith J, Dominguez R, Holzbaur ELF. Sequential dynein effectors regulate axonal autophagosome motility in a maturation-dependent pathway. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212171. [PMID: 34014261 PMCID: PMC8142281 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway required to maintain homeostasis. Neuronal autophagosomes form constitutively at the axon terminal and mature via lysosomal fusion during dynein-mediated transport to the soma. How the dynein–autophagosome interaction is regulated is unknown. Here, we identify multiple dynein effectors on autophagosomes as they transit along the axons of primary neurons. In the distal axon, JIP1 initiates autophagosomal transport. Autophagosomes in the mid-axon require HAP1 and Huntingtin. We find that HAP1 is a dynein activator, binding the dynein–dynactin complex via canonical and noncanonical interactions. JIP3 is on most axonal autophagosomes, but specifically regulates the transport of mature autolysosomes. Inhibiting autophagosomal transport disrupts maturation, and inhibiting autophagosomal maturation perturbs the association and function of dynein effectors; thus, maturation and transport are tightly linked. These results reveal a novel maturation-based dynein effector handoff on neuronal autophagosomes that is key to motility, cargo degradation, and the maintenance of axonal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter J Carman
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claire Van Duyne
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Vagelos Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juliet Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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41
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Dynein light intermediate chains as pivotal determinants of dynein multifunctionality. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268315. [PMID: 34014309 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, a single cytoplasmic dynein motor mediates microtubule minus-end-directed transport, counterbalancing dozens of plus-end-directed kinesins. The remarkable ability of dynein to interact with a diverse cargo spectrum stems from its tightly regulated recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins, which engage the dynactin complex to make a tripartite processive motor. Adaptor binding is governed by the homologous dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which exist in mutually exclusive dynein complexes that can perform both unique and overlapping functions. The intrinsically disordered and variable C-terminal domains of the LICs are indispensable for engaging a variety of structurally divergent adaptors. Here, we hypothesize that numerous spatiotemporally regulated permutations of posttranslational modifications of the LICs, as well as of the adaptors and cargoes, exponentially expand the spectrum of dynein-adaptor-cargo complexes. We thematically illustrate the possibilities that could generate a vast set of biochemical variations required to support the wide range of dynein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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42
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Tumurkhuu M, Batbuyan U, Yuzawa S, Munkhsaikhan Y, Batmunkh G, Nishimura W. A novel BICD2 mutation of a patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Lower Extremity Predominant 2. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:102-108. [PMID: 33996355 PMCID: PMC8122317 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bicaudal D homolog 2 (BICD2) gene encodes a protein required for the stable complex of dynein and dynactin, which functions as a motor protein working along the microtubule cytoskeleton. Both inherited and de novo variants of BICD2 are reported with autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED2). Here, we report a male patient with a novel mutation in the BICD2 gene caused by a heterozygous substitution of arginine with cysteine at residue 162 (Arg162Cys); inherited from his asymptomatic mother. The patient showed typical clinical symptoms of SMALED2, which was genetically confirmed by sequencing. The Arg162Cys mutant clusters with four previously reported variants (c.361C>G, p.Leu121Val; c.581A>G, p.Gln194Arg; c.320C>T, p.Ser107Leu; c.565A>T, p.Ile189Phe) in a region that binds to the dynein-dynactin complex (DDC). The BICD2 domain structures were predicted and the Arg162Cys mutation was localized in the N-terminus coiled-coil segment 1 (CC1) domain. Protein modeling of BICD2's CC1 domain predicted that the Arg162Cys missense variant disrupted interactions with dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 within the DDC. The mutant did this by either changing the electrostatic surface potential or making a broader hydrophobic unit with the neighboring residues. This hereditary case supports the complex and broad genotype-phenotype correlation of BICD2 mutations, which could be explained by incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu
- Department of Molecular Biology, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolia
- Address correspondence to:Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan. E-mail: , munkhtuya.tumurkhuu@ gmail.com
| | - Uranchimeg Batbuyan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolia
| | - Satoru Yuzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolia
| | - Ganbayar Batmunkh
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Center of Maternal and Child Health, Mongolia
| | - Wataru Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Biology, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
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43
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Lau CK, O’Reilly FJ, Santhanam B, Lacey SE, Rappsilber J, Carter AP. Cryo-EM reveals the complex architecture of dynactin's shoulder region and pointed end. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106164. [PMID: 33734450 PMCID: PMC8047447 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynactin is a 1.1 MDa complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules. In order to do this, it forms a tripartite complex with dynein and a coiled-coil adaptor. Dynactin consists of an actin-related filament whose length is defined by its flexible shoulder domain. Despite previous cryo-EM structures, the molecular architecture of the shoulder and pointed end of the filament is still poorly understood due to the lack of high-resolution information in these regions. Here we combine multiple cryo-EM datasets and define precise masking strategies for particle signal subtraction and 3D classification. This overcomes domain flexibility and results in high-resolution maps into which we can build the shoulder and pointed end. The unique architecture of the shoulder securely houses the p150 subunit and positions the four identical p50 subunits in different conformations to bind dynactin's filament. The pointed end map allows us to build the first structure of p62 and reveals the molecular basis for cargo adaptor binding to different sites at the pointed end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton K Lau
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Francis J O’Reilly
- BioanalyticsInstitute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Balaji Santhanam
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Samuel E Lacey
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- BioanalyticsInstitute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew P Carter
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
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44
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Kiyomitsu T, Boerner S. The Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) Protein: A Key Player for Nuclear Formation, Spindle Assembly, and Spindle Positioning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653801. [PMID: 33869212 PMCID: PMC8047419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein is well conserved in vertebrates, and dynamically changes its subcellular localization from the interphase nucleus to the mitotic/meiotic spindle poles and the mitotic cell cortex. At these locations, NuMA acts as a key structural hub in nuclear formation, spindle assembly, and mitotic spindle positioning, respectively. To achieve its variable functions, NuMA interacts with multiple factors, including DNA, microtubules, the plasma membrane, importins, and cytoplasmic dynein. The binding of NuMA to dynein via its N-terminal domain drives spindle pole focusing and spindle positioning, while multiple interactions through its C-terminal region define its subcellular localizations and functions. In addition, NuMA can self-assemble into high-ordered structures which likely contribute to spindle positioning and nuclear formation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in NuMA’s domains, functions and regulations, with a focus on human NuMA, to understand how and why vertebrate NuMA participates in these functions in comparison with invertebrate NuMA-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyomitsu
- Cell Division Dynamics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Susan Boerner
- Cell Division Dynamics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
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Dhindsa RS, Mattsson J, Nag A, Wang Q, Wain LV, Allen R, Wigmore EM, Ibanez K, Vitsios D, Deevi SVV, Wasilewski S, Karlsson M, Lassi G, Olsson H, Muthas D, Monkley S, Mackay A, Murray L, Young S, Haefliger C, Maher TM, Belvisi MG, Jenkins G, Molyneaux PL, Platt A, Petrovski S. Identification of a missense variant in SPDL1 associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:392. [PMID: 33758299 PMCID: PMC7988141 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disorder characterised by progressive, destructive lung scarring. Despite substantial progress, the genetic determinants of this disease remain incompletely defined. Using whole genome and whole exome sequencing data from 752 individuals with sporadic IPF and 119,055 UK Biobank controls, we performed a variant-level exome-wide association study (ExWAS) and gene-level collapsing analyses. Our variant-level analysis revealed a novel association between a rare missense variant in SPDL1 and IPF (NM_017785.5:g.169588475 G > A p.Arg20Gln; p = 2.4 × 10-7, odds ratio = 2.87, 95% confidence interval: 2.03-4.07). This signal was independently replicated in the FinnGen cohort, which contains 1028 cases and 196,986 controls (combined p = 2.2 × 10-20), firmly associating this variant as an IPF risk allele. SPDL1 encodes Spindly, a protein involved in mitotic checkpoint signalling during cell division that has not been previously described in fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, these results highlight a novel mechanism underlying IPF, providing the potential for new therapeutic discoveries in a disease of great unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Dhindsa
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Mattsson
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quanli Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Allen
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Eleanor M Wigmore
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristina Ibanez
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitrios Vitsios
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Wasilewski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Lung Regeneration, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glenda Lassi
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henric Olsson
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Muthas
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susan Monkley
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alex Mackay
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lynne Murray
- Lung Regeneration, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Young
- Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carolina Haefliger
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Adam Platt
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Affinity-based proteomics reveals novel binding partners for Rab46 in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4054. [PMID: 33603063 PMCID: PMC7893075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab46 is a novel Ca2+-sensing Rab GTPase shown to have important functions in endothelial and immune cells. The presence of functional Ca2+-binding, coiled-coil and Rab domains suggest that Rab46 will be important for coupling rapid responses to signalling in many cell types. The molecular mechanisms underlying Rab46 function are currently unknown. Here we provide the first resource for studying Rab46 interacting proteins. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to identify affinity purified proteins that bind to constitutively active GFP-Rab46 or inactive GFP-Rab46 expressed in endothelial cells, we have revealed 922 peptides that interact with either the GTP-bound Rab46 or GDP-bound Rab46. To identify proteins that could be potential Rab46 effectors we performed further comparative analyses between nucleotide-locked Rab46 proteins and identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Importantly, through biochemical and imaging approaches we have validated two potential effector proteins; dynein and the Na2+/ K+ ATPase subunit alpha 1 (ATP1α1). Hence, our use of affinity purification and LC–MS/MS to identify Rab46 neighbouring proteins provides a valuable resource for detecting Rab46 effector proteins and analysing Rab46 functions.
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Barbosa DJ, Teixeira V, Duro J, Carvalho AX, Gassmann R. Dynein-dynactin segregate meiotic chromosomes in C. elegans spermatocytes. Development 2021; 148:dev.197780. [PMID: 33462114 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein) and its essential activator dynactin have conserved roles in spindle assembly and positioning during female meiosis and mitosis, but their contribution to male meiosis remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the G33S mutation in the C. elegans dynactin subunit DNC-1, which corresponds to G59S in human p150Glued that causes motor neuron disease. In spermatocytes, dnc-1(G33S) delays spindle assembly and penetrantly inhibits anaphase spindle elongation in meiosis I, which prevents the segregation of homologous chromosomes. By contrast, chromosomes segregate without errors in the early dnc-1(G33S) embryo. Deletion of the DNC-1 N-terminus shows that defective meiosis in dnc-1(G33S) spermatocytes is not due to the inability of DNC-1 to interact with microtubules. Instead, our results suggest that the DNC-1(G33S) protein, which is aggregation prone in vitro, is less stable in spermatocytes than the early embryo, resulting in different phenotypic severity in the two dividing tissues. Thus, the dnc-1(G33S) mutant reveals that dynein-dynactin drive meiotic chromosome segregation in spermatocytes and illustrates that the extent to which protein misfolding leads to loss of function can vary significantly between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Duro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana X Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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The Disordered Spindly C-terminus Interacts with RZZ Subunits ROD-1 and ZWL-1 in the Kinetochore through the Same Sites in C. Elegans. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166812. [PMID: 33450249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spindly is a dynein adaptor involved in chromosomal segregation during cell division. While Spindly's N-terminal domain binds to the microtubule motor dynein and its activator dynactin, the C-terminal domain (Spindly-C) binds its cargo, the ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH (RZZ) complex in the outermost layer of the kinetochore. In humans, Spindly-C binds to ROD, while in C. elegans Spindly-C binds to both Zwilch (ZWL-1) and ROD-1. Here, we employed various biophysical techniques to characterize the structure, dynamics and interaction sites of C. elegans Spindly-C. We found that despite the overall disorder, there are two regions with variable α-helical propensity. One of these regions is located in the C-terminal half and is compact; the second is sparsely populated in the N-terminal half. The interactions with both ROD-1 and ZWL-1 are mostly mediated by the same two sequentially remote disordered segments of Spindly-C, which are C-terminally adjacent to the helical regions. The findings suggest that the Spindly-C binding sites on ROD-1 in the ROD-1/ZWL-1 complex context are either shielded or conformationally weakened by the presence of ZWL-1 such that only ZWL-1 directly interacts with Spindly-C in C. elegans.
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Kesisova IA, Robinson BP, Spiliotis ET. A septin GTPase scaffold of dynein-dynactin motors triggers retrograde lysosome transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211663. [PMID: 33416861 PMCID: PMC7802366 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling functions of lysosomes depend on their intracellular positioning and trafficking, but the underlying mechanisms are little understood. Here, we have discovered a novel septin GTPase-based mechanism for retrograde lysosome transport. We found that septin 9 (SEPT9) associates with lysosomes, promoting the perinuclear localization of lysosomes in a Rab7-independent manner. SEPT9 targeting to mitochondria and peroxisomes is sufficient to recruit dynein and cause perinuclear clustering. We show that SEPT9 interacts with both dynein and dynactin through its GTPase domain and N-terminal extension, respectively. Strikingly, SEPT9 associates preferentially with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC) in its GDP-bound state, which favors dimerization and assembly into septin multimers. In response to oxidative cell stress induced by arsenite, SEPT9 localization to lysosomes is enhanced, promoting the perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. We posit that septins function as GDP-activated scaffolds for the cooperative assembly of dynein-dynactin, providing an alternative mechanism of retrograde lysosome transport at steady state and during cellular adaptation to stress.
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50
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Lee IG, Cason SE, Alqassim SS, Holzbaur ELF, Dominguez R. A tunable LIC1-adaptor interaction modulates dynein activity in a cargo-specific manner. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5695. [PMID: 33173051 PMCID: PMC7655957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is the motor responsible for most retrograde transport of cargoes along microtubules in eukaryotic cells, including organelles, mRNA and viruses. Cargo selectivity and activation of processive motility depend on a group of so-called "activating adaptors" that link dynein to its general cofactor, dynactin, and cargoes. The mechanism by which these adaptors regulate dynein transport is poorly understood. Here, based on crystal structures, quantitative binding studies, and in vitro motility assays, we show that BICD2, CRACR2a, and HOOK3, representing three subfamilies of unrelated adaptors, interact with the same amphipathic helix of the dynein light intermediate chain-1 (LIC1). While the hydrophobic character of the interaction is conserved, the three adaptor subfamilies use different folds (coiled-coil, EF-hand, HOOK domain) and different surface contacts to bind the LIC1 helix with affinities ranging from 1.5 to 15.0 μM. We propose that a tunable LIC1-adaptor interaction modulates dynein's motility in a cargo-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyun Lee
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.35541.360000000121053345Present Address: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-Gil, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sydney E. Cason
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Neuroscience Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Saif S. Alqassim
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,Present Address: College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Erika L. F. Holzbaur
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Neuroscience Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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