1
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Garde R, Dea A, Herwig MF, Ali A, Pincus D. Feedback control of the heat shock response by spatiotemporal regulation of Hsp70. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401082. [PMID: 39302312 PMCID: PMC11415305 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells maintain homeostasis via dynamic regulation of stress response pathways. Stress pathways transiently induce response regulons via negative feedback loops, but the extent to which individual genes provide feedback has not been comprehensively measured for any pathway. Here, we disrupted the induction of each gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock response (HSR) and quantified cell growth and HSR dynamics following heat shock. The screen revealed a core feedback loop governing the expression of the chaperone Hsp70 reinforced by an auxiliary feedback loop controlling Hsp70 subcellular localization. Mathematical modeling and live imaging demonstrated that multiple HSR targets converge to promote Hsp70 nuclear localization via its release from cytosolic condensates. Following ethanol stress, a distinct set of factors similarly converged on Hsp70, suggesting that nonredundant subsets of the HSR regulon confer feedback under different conditions. Flexible spatiotemporal feedback loops may broadly organize stress response regulons and expand their adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Garde
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annisa Dea
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline F. Herwig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Condic N, Amiji H, Patel D, Shropshire WC, Lermi NO, Sabha Y, John B, Hanson B, Karras GI. Selection for robust metabolism in domesticated yeasts is driven by adaptation to Hsp90 stress. Science 2024; 385:eadi3048. [PMID: 39052788 PMCID: PMC11410103 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Protein folding both promotes and constrains adaptive evolution. We uncover this surprising duality in the role of the protein-folding chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in maintaining the integrity of yeast metabolism amid proteotoxic stressors within industrial domestication niches. Ethanol disrupts critical Hsp90-dependent metabolic pathways and exerts strong selective pressure for redundant duplications of key genes within these pathways, yielding the classical genomic signatures of beer and bread domestication. This work demonstrates a mechanism of adaptive canalization in an ecology of major economic importance and highlights Hsp90-dependent variation as an important source of phantom heritability in complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Condic
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hatim Amiji
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dipak Patel
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Charles Shropshire
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nejla Ozirmak Lermi
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youssef Sabha
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beryl John
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blake Hanson
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgios Ioannis Karras
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Dea A, Pincus D. The Heat Shock Response as a Condensate Cascade. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168642. [PMID: 38848866 PMCID: PMC11214683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a gene regulatory program controlling expression of molecular chaperones implicated in aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Long presumed to be activated by toxic protein aggregates, recent work suggests a new functional paradigm for the HSR in yeast. Rather than toxic aggregates, adaptive biomolecular condensates comprised of orphan ribosomal proteins (oRP) and stress granule components have been shown to be physiological chaperone clients. By titrating away the chaperones Sis1 and Hsp70 from the transcription factor Hsf1, these condensates activate the HSR. Upon release from Hsp70, Hsf1 forms spatially distinct transcriptional condensates that drive high expression of HSR genes. In this manner, the negative feedback loop controlling HSR activity - in which Hsf1 induces Hsp70 expression and Hsp70 represses Hsf1 activity - is embedded in the biophysics of the system. By analogy to phosphorylation cascades that transmit information via the dynamic activity of kinases, we propose that the HSR is organized as a condensate cascade that transmits information via the localized activity of molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Dea
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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4
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Snir O, Elgart M, Gnainsky Y, Goldsmith M, Ciabrelli F, Dagan S, Aviezer I, Stoops E, Cavalli G, Soen Y. Organ transformation by environmental disruption of protein integrity and epigenetic memory in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002629. [PMID: 38805504 PMCID: PMC11161060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in understanding epigenetic reprogramming of cells, the mechanistic basis of "organ reprogramming" by (epi-)gene-environment interactions remained largely obscure. Here, we use the ether-induced haltere-to-wing transformations in Drosophila as a model for epigenetic "reprogramming" at the whole organism level. Our findings support a mechanistic chain of events explaining why and how brief embryonic exposure to ether leads to haltere-to-wing transformations manifested at the larval stage and on. We show that ether interferes with protein integrity in the egg, leading to altered deployment of Hsp90 and widespread repression of Trithorax-mediated establishment of active H3K4me3 chromatin marks throughout the genome. Despite this global reduction, Ubx targets and wing development genes preferentially retain higher levels of H3K4me3 that predispose these genes for later up-regulation in the larval haltere disc, hence the wing-like outcome. Consistent with compromised protein integrity during the exposure, the penetrance of bithorax transformations increases by genetic or chemical reduction of Hsp90 function. Moreover, joint reduction in Hsp90 and trx gene dosage can cause bithorax transformations without exposure to ether, supporting an underlying epistasis between Hsp90 and trx loss-of-functions. These findings implicate environmental disruption of protein integrity at the onset of histone methylation with altered epigenetic regulation of developmental patterning genes. The emerging picture provides a unique example wherein the alleviation of the Hsp90 "capacitor function" by the environment drives a morphogenetic shift towards an ancestral-like body plan. The morphogenetic impact of chaperone response during a major setup of epigenetic patterns may be a general scheme for organ transformation by environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Snir
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Elgart
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Gnainsky
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Filippo Ciabrelli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shlomi Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iris Aviezer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Stoops
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yoav Soen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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5
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Garde R, Dea A, Herwig MF, Pincus D. Feedback control of the heat shock response by spatiotemporal regulation of Hsp70. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574867. [PMID: 38260373 PMCID: PMC10802473 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cells maintain homeostasis via dynamic regulation of stress response pathways. Stress pathways transiently induce response regulons via negative feedback loops, but the extent to which individual genes provide feedback has not been comprehensively measured for any pathway. Here, we disrupted induction of each gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock response (HSR) and quantified cell growth and HSR dynamics following heat shock. The screen revealed a core feedback loop governing expression of the chaperone Hsp70 reinforced by an auxiliary feedback loop controlling Hsp70 subcellular localization. Mathematical modeling and live imaging demonstrated that multiple HSR targets converge to promote Hsp70 nuclear localization via its release from cytosolic condensates. Following ethanol stress, a distinct set of factors similarly converged on Hsp70, suggesting that nonredundant subsets of the HSR regulon confer feedback under different conditions. Flexible spatiotemporal feedback loops may broadly organize stress response regulons and expand their adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Garde
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Annisa Dea
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Madeline F. Herwig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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6
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Patel D, Amiji H, Shropshire W, Condic N, Lermi NO, Sabha Y, John B, Hanson B, Karras GI. Ethanol Drives Evolution of Hsp90-Dependent Robustness by Redundancy in Yeast Domestication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.547572. [PMID: 37745611 PMCID: PMC10516021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.547572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding promotes and constrains adaptive evolution. We uncover this surprising duality in the role the protein-folding chaperone Hsp90 plays in mediating the interplay between proteome and the genome which acts to maintain the integrity of yeast metabolism in the face of proteotoxic stressors in anthropic niches. Of great industrial relevance, ethanol concentrations generated by fermentation in the making of beer and bread disrupt critical Hsp90-dependent nodes of metabolism and exert strong selective pressure for increased copy number of key genes encoding components of these nodes, yielding the classical genetic signatures of beer and bread domestication. This work establishes a mechanism of adaptive canalization in an ecology of major economic significance and highlights Hsp90-contingent variation as an important source of phantom heritability in complex traits.
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7
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Schmidt HC, Hagens J, Schuppert P, Appl B, Raluy LP, Trochimiuk M, Philippi C, Li Z, Reinshagen K, Tomuschat C. Biliatresone induces cholangiopathy in C57BL/6J neonates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10574. [PMID: 37386088 PMCID: PMC10310722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to plant toxins or microbiota that are able to digest common food ingredients to toxic structures might be responsible for biliary atresia (BA). An isoflavonoid, biliatresone is known to effectively alter the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) development in BALB/c mice. Biliatresone causes a reduction of Glutathione (GSH) levels, SOX17 downregulation and is effectively countered with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine treatment in vitro. Therefore, reversing GSH-loss appears to be a promising treatment target for a translational approach. Since BALB/c mice have been described as sensitive in various models, we evaluated the toxic effect of biliatresone in robust C57BL/6J mice and confirmed its toxicity. Comparison between BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice revealed similarity in the toxic model. Affected neonates exhibited clinical symptoms of BA, such as jaundice, ascites, clay-colored stools, yellow urine and impaired weight gain. The gallbladders of jaundiced neonates were hydropic and EHBD were twisted and enlarged. Serum and histological analysis proved cholestasis. No anomalies were seen in the liver and EHBD of control animals. With our study we join a chain of evidence confirming that biliatresone is an effective agent for cross-lineage targeted alteration of the EHBD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Schmidt
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Hagens
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Schuppert
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Appl
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Trochimiuk
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Philippi
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Tomuschat
- Research Laboratory W23, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Quanrud GM, Montoya MR, Mei L, Awad MR, Genereux JC. Hsp40 Affinity to Identify Proteins Destabilized by Cellular Toxicant Exposure. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16940-16946. [PMID: 34874156 PMCID: PMC9942771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxins and toxicants can damage proteins and threaten cellular proteostasis. Most current methodologies to identify misfolded proteins in cells survey the entire proteome for sites of changed reactivity. We describe and apply a quantitative proteomics methodology to identify destabilized proteins based on their binding to the human Hsp40 chaperone DNAJB8. These protein targets are validated by an orthogonal limited proteolysis assay using parallel reaction monitoring. We find that a brief exposure of HEK293T cells to meta-arsenite increases the affinity of two dozen proteins to DNAJB8, including known arsenite-sensitive proteins. In particular, arsenite treatment destabilizes both the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 subunit and several RNA-binding proteins. This platform can be used to explore how environmental toxins impact cellular proteostasis and to identify the susceptible proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy M. Quanrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | | | - Mohammad R. Awad
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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9
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Alford BD, Tassoni-Tsuchida E, Khan D, Work JJ, Valiant G, Brandman O. ReporterSeq reveals genome-wide dynamic modulators of the heat shock response across diverse stressors. eLife 2021; 10:57376. [PMID: 34223816 PMCID: PMC8257254 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cellular stress response pathways is challenging because of the complexity of regulatory mechanisms and response dynamics, which can vary with both time and the type of stress. We developed a reverse genetic method called ReporterSeq to comprehensively identify genes regulating a stress-induced transcription factor under multiple conditions in a time-resolved manner. ReporterSeq links RNA-encoded barcode levels to pathway-specific output under genetic perturbations, allowing pooled pathway activity measurements via DNA sequencing alone and without cell enrichment or single-cell isolation. We used ReporterSeq to identify regulators of the heat shock response (HSR), a conserved, poorly understood transcriptional program that protects cells from proteotoxicity and is misregulated in disease. Genome-wide HSR regulation in budding yeast was assessed across 15 stress conditions, uncovering novel stress-specific, time-specific, and constitutive regulators. ReporterSeq can assess the genetic regulators of any transcriptional pathway with the scale of pooled genetic screens and the precision of pathway-specific readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Alford
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Eduardo Tassoni-Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Danish Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jeremy J Work
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Gregory Valiant
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Onn Brandman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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10
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Lang BJ, Guerrero ME, Prince TL, Okusha Y, Bonorino C, Calderwood SK. The functions and regulation of heat shock proteins; key orchestrators of proteostasis and the heat shock response. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1943-1970. [PMID: 34003342 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to protein-damaging (proteotoxic) stress by activation of the Heat Shock Response (HSR). The HSR provides cells with an enhanced ability to endure proteotoxic insults and plays a crucial role in determining subsequent cell death or survival. The HSR is, therefore, a critical factor that influences the toxicity of protein stress. While named for its vital role in the cellular response to heat stress, various components of the HSR system and the molecular chaperone network execute essential physiological functions as well as responses to other diverse toxic insults. The effector molecules of the HSR, the Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), are also important regulatory targets in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Modulation of the HSR and/or its extended network have, therefore, become attractive treatment strategies for these diseases. Development of effective therapies will, however, require a detailed understanding of the HSR, important features of which continue to be uncovered and are yet to be completely understood. We review recently described and hallmark mechanistic principles of the HSR, the regulation and functions of HSPs, and contexts in which the HSR is activated and influences cell fate in response to various toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin E Guerrero
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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11
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Work JJ, Brandman O. Adaptability of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to proteolytic and folding stressors. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211650. [PMID: 33382395 PMCID: PMC7780722 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, disease, and environmental stressors are associated with failures in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), yet a quantitative understanding of how stressors affect the proteome and how the UPS responds is lacking. Here we assessed UPS performance and adaptability in yeast under stressors using quantitative measurements of misfolded substrate stability and stress-dependent UPS regulation by the transcription factor Rpn4. We found that impairing degradation rates (proteolytic stress) and generating misfolded proteins (folding stress) elicited distinct effects on the proteome and on UPS adaptation. Folding stressors stabilized proteins via aggregation rather than overburdening the proteasome, as occurred under proteolytic stress. Still, the UPS productively adapted to both stressors using separate mechanisms: proteolytic stressors caused Rpn4 stabilization while folding stressors increased RPN4 transcription. In some cases, adaptation completely prevented loss of UPS substrate degradation. Our work reveals the distinct effects of proteotoxic stressors and the versatility of cells in adapting the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Work
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Onn Brandman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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12
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Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678457. [PMID: 33603951 PMCID: PMC7868165 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of damaged or misfolded proteins. Recent studies have been focused on the regulatory role of HSPs in OS and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role. ROS perform many functions, including cell signaling. Unfortunately, they are also the cause of pathological processes leading to various diseases. Biological pathways such as p38 MAPK, HSP70 and Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, HSP70, JAK2/STAT3 or PI3K/Akt/HSP70, and HSF1/Nrf2-Keap1 are considered in the relationship between HSP and OS. New pathophysiological mechanisms involving ROS are being discovered and described the protein network of HSP interactions. Understanding of the mechanisms involved, e.g., in I/R, is important to the development of treatment methods. HSPs are multifunctional proteins because they closely interact with the antioxidant and the nitric oxide generation systems, such as HSP70/HSP90/NOS. A deficiency or excess of antioxidants modulates the activation of HSF and subsequent HSP biosynthesis. It is well known that HSPs are involved in the regulation of several redox processes and play an important role in protein-protein interactions. The latest research focuses on determining the role of HSPs in OS, their antioxidant activity, and the possibility of using HSPs in the treatment of I/R consequences. Physical exercises are important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as they affect the expression of HSPs and the development of OS.
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13
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Masser AE, Ciccarelli M, Andréasson C. Hsf1 on a leash - controlling the heat shock response by chaperone titration. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112246. [PMID: 32861670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is an ancient transcription factor that monitors protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and counteracts disturbances by triggering a transcriptional programme known as the heat shock response (HSR). The HSR is transiently activated and upregulates the expression of core proteostasis genes, including chaperones. Dysregulation of Hsf1 and its target genes are associated with disease; cancer cells rely on a constitutively active Hsf1 to promote rapid growth and malignancy, whereas Hsf1 hypoactivation in neurodegenerative disorders results in formation of toxic aggregates. These central but opposing roles highlight the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that control Hsf1 activity. According to current understanding, Hsf1 is maintained latent by chaperone interactions but proteostasis perturbations titrate chaperone availability as a result of chaperone sequestration by misfolded proteins. Liberated and activated Hsf1 triggers a negative feedback loop by inducing the expression of key chaperones. Until recently, Hsp90 has been highlighted as the central negative regulator of Hsf1 activity. In this review, we focus on recent advances regarding how the Hsp70 chaperone controls Hsf1 activity and in addition summarise several additional layers of activity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Masser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Ciccarelli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Pincus D. Regulation of Hsf1 and the Heat Shock Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1243:41-50. [PMID: 32297210 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40204-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is characterized by the induction of molecular chaperones following a sudden increase in temperature. In eukaryotes, the HSR comprises the set of genes controlled by the transcription factor Hsf1. The HSR is induced by defects in co-translational protein folding, ribosome biogenesis, organellar targeting of nascent proteins, and protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Upon heat shock, these processes may be endogenous sources of polypeptide ligands that activate the HSR. Mechanistically, these ligands are thought to titrate the chaperone Hsp70 away from Hsf1, releasing Hsf1 to induce the full arsenal of cellular chaperones to restore protein homeostasis. In metazoans, this cell-autonomous feedback loop is modulated by the microenvironment and neuronal cues to enable tissue-level and organism-wide coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Schopf FH, Huber EM, Dodt C, Lopez A, Biebl MM, Rutz DA, Mühlhofer M, Richter G, Madl T, Sattler M, Groll M, Buchner J. The Co-chaperone Cns1 and the Recruiter Protein Hgh1 Link Hsp90 to Translation Elongation via Chaperoning Elongation Factor 2. Mol Cell 2019; 74:73-87.e8. [PMID: 30876805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp90 chaperone machinery in eukaryotes comprises a number of distinct accessory factors. Cns1 is one of the few essential co-chaperones in yeast, but its structure and function remained unknown. Here, we report the X-ray structure of the Cns1 fold and NMR studies on the partly disordered, essential segment of the protein. We demonstrate that Cns1 is important for maintaining translation elongation, specifically chaperoning the elongation factor eEF2. In this context, Cns1 interacts with the novel co-factor Hgh1 and forms a quaternary complex together with eEF2 and Hsp90. The in vivo folding and solubility of eEF2 depend on the presence of these proteins. Chaperoning of eEF2 by Cns1 is essential for yeast viability and requires a defined subset of the Hsp90 machinery as well as the identified eEF2 recruiting factor Hgh1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Schopf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva M Huber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher Dodt
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel A Rutz
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gesa Richter
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Sattler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Chaperone Function of Hgh1 in the Biogenesis of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2. Mol Cell 2019; 74:88-100.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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