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Mühlhofer M, Offensperger F, Reschke S, Wallmann G, Csaba G, Berchtold E, Riedl M, Blum H, Haslbeck M, Zimmer R, Buchner J. Deletion of the transcription factors Hsf1, Msn2 and Msn4 in yeast uncovers transcriptional reprogramming in response to proteotoxic stress. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:635-657. [PMID: 38366111 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The response to proteotoxic stresses such as heat shock allows organisms to maintain protein homeostasis under changing environmental conditions. We asked what happens if an organism can no longer react to cytosolic proteotoxic stress. To test this, we deleted or depleted, either individually or in combination, the stress-responsive transcription factors Msn2, Msn4, and Hsf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study reveals a combination of survival strategies, which together protect essential proteins. Msn2 and 4 broadly reprogram transcription, triggering the response to oxidative stress, as well as biosynthesis of the protective sugar trehalose and glycolytic enzymes, while Hsf1 mainly induces the synthesis of molecular chaperones and reverses the transcriptional response upon prolonged mild heat stress (adaptation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Offensperger
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sarah Reschke
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis at the Gene Center, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Georg Wallmann
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gergely Csaba
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Evi Berchtold
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maximilian Riedl
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis at the Gene Center, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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2
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Strauch A, Rossa B, Köhler F, Haeussler S, Mühlhofer M, Rührnößl F, Körösy C, Bushman Y, Conradt B, Haslbeck M, Weinkauf S, Buchner J. The permanently chaperone-active small heat shock protein Hsp17 from Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits topological separation of its N-terminal regions. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102753. [PMID: 36442512 PMCID: PMC9800568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a family of molecular chaperones that bind nonnative proteins in an ATP-independent manner. Caenorhabditis elegans encodes 16 different sHsps, among them Hsp17, which is evolutionarily distinct from other sHsps in the nematode. The structure and mechanism of Hsp17 and how these may differ from other sHsps remain unclear. Here, we find that Hsp17 has a distinct expression pattern, structural organization, and chaperone function. Consistent with its presence under nonstress conditions, and in contrast to many other sHsps, we determined that Hsp17 is a mono-disperse, permanently active chaperone in vitro, which interacts with hundreds of different C. elegans proteins under physiological conditions. Additionally, our cryo-EM structure of Hsp17 reveals that in the 24-mer complex, 12 N-terminal regions are involved in its chaperone function. These flexible regions are located on the outside of the spherical oligomer, whereas the other 12 N-terminal regions are engaged in stabilizing interactions in its interior. This allows the same region in Hsp17 to perform different functions depending on the topological context. Taken together, our results reveal structural and functional features that further define the structural basis of permanently active sHsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Strauch
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rossa
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Köhler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Caroline Körösy
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany; Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yevheniia Bushman
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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3
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Dahiya V, Rutz DA, Moessmer P, Mühlhofer M, Lawatscheck J, Rief M, Buchner J. The switch from client holding to folding in the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone machineries is regulated by a direct interplay between co-chaperones. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1543-1556.e6. [PMID: 35176233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Folding of stringent clients requires transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90. The co-chaperone Hop physically connects the chaperone machineries. Here, we define its role from the remodeling of Hsp70/40-client complexes to the mechanism of client transfer and the conformational switching from stalled to active client-processing states of Hsp90. We show that Hsp70 together with Hsp40 completely unfold a stringent client, the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) in large assemblies. Hop remodels these for efficient transfer onto Hsp90. As p23 enters, Hsp70 leaves the complex via switching between binding sites in Hop. Current concepts assume that to proceed to client folding, Hop dissociates and the co-chaperone p23 stabilizes the Hsp90 closed state. In contrast, we show that p23 functionally interacts with Hop, relieves the stalling Hsp90-Hop interaction, and closes Hsp90. This reaction allows folding of the client and is thus the key regulatory step for the progression of the chaperone cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Dahiya
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Daniel Andreas Rutz
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Patrick Moessmer
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Physik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jannis Lawatscheck
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Rief
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Physik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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4
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Biebl MM, Delhommel F, Faust O, Zak KM, Agam G, Guo X, Mühlhofer M, Dahiya V, Hillebrand D, Popowicz GM, Kampmann M, Lamb DC, Rosenzweig R, Sattler M, Buchner J. NudC guides client transfer between the Hsp40/70 and Hsp90 chaperone systems. Mol Cell 2022; 82:555-569.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Mühlhofer M, Peters C, Kriehuber T, Kreuzeder M, Kazman P, Rodina N, Reif B, Haslbeck M, Weinkauf S, Buchner J. Phosphorylation activates the yeast small heat shock protein Hsp26 by weakening domain contacts in the oligomer ensemble. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6697. [PMID: 34795272 PMCID: PMC8602628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp26 is a small heat shock protein (sHsp) from S. cerevisiae. Its chaperone activity is activated by oligomer dissociation at heat shock temperatures. Hsp26 contains 9 phosphorylation sites in different structural elements. Our analysis of phospho-mimetic mutations shows that phosphorylation activates Hsp26 at permissive temperatures. The cryo-EM structure of the Hsp26 40mer revealed contacts between the conserved core domain of Hsp26 and the so-called thermosensor domain in the N-terminal part of the protein, which are targeted by phosphorylation. Furthermore, several phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal extension, which link subunits within the oligomer, are sensitive to the introduction of negative charges. In all cases, the intrinsic inhibition of chaperone activity is relieved and the N-terminal domain becomes accessible for substrate protein binding. The weakening of domain interactions within and between subunits by phosphorylation to activate the chaperone activity in response to proteotoxic stresses independent of heat stress could be a general regulation principle of sHsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mühlhofer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Carsten Peters
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Kriehuber
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Present Address: Boehringer Ingelheim, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Marina Kreuzeder
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XPresent Address: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biozentrum Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pamina Kazman
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.424277.0Present Address: Roche Diagnostics, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodina
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966BNMRZ, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 2, 85747 Garching, Germany ,Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966BNMRZ, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 2, 85747 Garching, Germany ,Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747, Garching, Germany.
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6
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Mühlhofer M, Berchtold E, Stratil CG, Csaba G, Kunold E, Bach NC, Sieber SA, Haslbeck M, Zimmer R, Buchner J. The Heat Shock Response in Yeast Maintains Protein Homeostasis by Chaperoning and Replenishing Proteins. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4593-4607.e8. [PMID: 31875563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Life is resilient because living systems are able to respond to elevated temperatures with an ancient gene expression program called the heat shock response (HSR). In yeast, the transcription of hundreds of genes is upregulated at stress temperatures. Besides stress protection conferred by chaperones, the function of the majority of the upregulated genes under stress has remained enigmatic. We show that those genes are required to directly counterbalance increased protein turnover at stress temperatures and to maintain the metabolism. This anaplerotic reaction together with molecular chaperones allows yeast to efficiently buffer proteotoxic stress. When the capacity of this system is exhausted at extreme temperatures, aggregation processes stop translation and growth pauses. The emerging concept is that the HSR is modular with distinct programs dependent on the severity of the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Evi Berchtold
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 17, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Chris G Stratil
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Gergely Csaba
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 17, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Kunold
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Nina C Bach
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 17, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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7
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Schopf FH, Huber EM, Dodt C, Lopez A, Biebl MM, Rutz DA, Mühlhofer M, Richter G, Madl T, Sattler M, Groll M, Buchner J. The Co-chaperone Cns1 and the Recruiter Protein Hgh1 Link Hsp90 to Translation Elongation via Chaperoning Elongation Factor 2. Mol Cell 2019; 74:73-87.e8. [PMID: 30876805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp90 chaperone machinery in eukaryotes comprises a number of distinct accessory factors. Cns1 is one of the few essential co-chaperones in yeast, but its structure and function remained unknown. Here, we report the X-ray structure of the Cns1 fold and NMR studies on the partly disordered, essential segment of the protein. We demonstrate that Cns1 is important for maintaining translation elongation, specifically chaperoning the elongation factor eEF2. In this context, Cns1 interacts with the novel co-factor Hgh1 and forms a quaternary complex together with eEF2 and Hsp90. The in vivo folding and solubility of eEF2 depend on the presence of these proteins. Chaperoning of eEF2 by Cns1 is essential for yeast viability and requires a defined subset of the Hsp90 machinery as well as the identified eEF2 recruiting factor Hgh1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Schopf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva M Huber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher Dodt
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel A Rutz
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gesa Richter
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Sattler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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