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Aureille J, Prabhu SS, Barnett SF, Farrugia AJ, Arnal I, Lafanechère L, Low BC, Kanchanawong P, Mogilner A, Bershadsky AD. Focal adhesions are controlled by microtubules through local contractility regulation. EMBO J 2024; 43:2715-2732. [PMID: 38769437 PMCID: PMC11217342 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubules regulate cell polarity and migration via local activation of focal adhesion turnover, but the mechanism of this process is insufficiently understood. Molecular complexes containing KANK family proteins connect microtubules with talin, the major component of focal adhesions. Here, local optogenetic activation of KANK1-mediated microtubule/talin linkage promoted microtubule targeting to an individual focal adhesion and subsequent withdrawal, resulting in focal adhesion centripetal sliding and rapid disassembly. This sliding is preceded by a local increase of traction force due to accumulation of myosin-II and actin in the proximity of the focal adhesion. Knockdown of the Rho activator GEF-H1 prevented development of traction force and abolished sliding and disassembly of focal adhesions upon KANK1 activation. Other players participating in microtubule-driven, KANK-dependent focal adhesion disassembly include kinases ROCK, PAK, and FAK, as well as microtubules/focal adhesion-associated proteins kinesin-1, APC, and αTAT. Based on these data, we develop a mathematical model for a microtubule-driven focal adhesion disruption involving local GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK-dependent activation of contractility, which is consistent with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Aureille
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Srinivas S Prabhu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sam F Barnett
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron J Farrugia
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Grenoble institute of Neuroscience, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Seetharaman S, Devany J, Kim HR, van Bodegraven E, Chmiel T, Tzu-Pin S, Chou WH, Fang Y, Gardel ML. Mechanosensitive FHL2 tunes endothelial function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.16.599227. [PMID: 38948838 PMCID: PMC11212908 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.16.599227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial tissues are essential mechanosensors in the vasculature and facilitate adaptation to various blood flow-induced mechanical cues. Defects in endothelial mechanoresponses can perturb tissue remodelling and functions leading to cardiovascular disease progression. In this context, the precise mechanisms of endothelial mechanoresponses contributing to normal and diseased tissue functioning remain elusive. Here, we sought to uncover how flow-mediated transcriptional regulation drives endothelial mechanoresponses in healthy and atherosclerotic-prone tissues. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we identify novel mechanosensitive genes in response to healthy unidirectional flow (UF) and athero-prone disturbed flow (DF). We find that the transcription as well as protein expression of Four-and-a-half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) are enriched in athero-prone DF both in vitro and in vivo. We then demonstrate that the exogenous expression of FHL2 is necessary and sufficient to drive discontinuous adherens junction morphology and increased tissue permeability. This athero-prone phenotype requires the force-sensitive binding of FHL2 to actin. In turn, the force-dependent localisation of FHL2 to stress fibres promotes microtubule dynamics to release the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, and activate the Rho-ROCK pathway. Thus, we unravelled a novel mechanochemical feedback wherein force-dependent FHL2 localisation promotes hypercontractility. This misregulated mechanoresponse creates highly permeable tissues, depicting classic hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. Overall, we highlight crucial functions for the FHL2 force-sensitivity in tuning multi-scale endothelial mechanoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - John Devany
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ha Ram Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Chmiel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shentu Tzu-Pin
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wen-hung Chou
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Lise Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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3
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Conboy JP, Istúriz Petitjean I, van der Net A, Koenderink GH. How cytoskeletal crosstalk makes cells move: Bridging cell-free and cell studies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021307. [PMID: 38840976 PMCID: PMC11151447 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process for life and is highly dependent on the dynamical and mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton. Intensive physical and biochemical crosstalk among actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments ensures their coordination to facilitate and enable migration. In this review, we discuss the different mechanical aspects that govern cell migration and provide, for each mechanical aspect, a novel perspective by juxtaposing two complementary approaches to the biophysical study of cytoskeletal crosstalk: live-cell studies (often referred to as top-down studies) and cell-free studies (often referred to as bottom-up studies). We summarize the main findings from both experimental approaches, and we provide our perspective on bridging the two perspectives to address the open questions of how cytoskeletal crosstalk governs cell migration and makes cells move.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Conboy
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Net
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H. Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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4
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Cao Y, Li F, Sun Z, Liu J, Liu J, Yang Q, Ge P, Luo Y, Chen H. Regulation of Microtubule Stability in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Qingyi Decoction is a Potential CDK5 Inhibitor. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2513-2530. [PMID: 38699595 PMCID: PMC11063490 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s451755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Explore the therapeutic effects and regulatory mechanism of Qingyi Decoction (QYD) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated acute lung injury (ALI). Methods We identified the constituents absorbed into the blood of QYD based on a network pharmacological strategy. The differentially expressed genes from the GEO database were screened to identify the critical targets of QYD treatment of SAP-ALI. The SAP-ALI rat model was constructed.Some methods were used to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of QYD in treating SAP-ALI. LPS-stimulated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell injury simulated the SAP-induced pulmonary endothelial injury model. We further observed the therapeutic effect of QYD and CDK5 plasmid transfection on endothelial cell injury. Results 18 constituents were absorbed into the blood, and 764 targets were identified from QYD, 25 of which were considered core targets for treating SAP-ALI. CDK5 was identified as the most critical gene. The results of differential expression analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of CDK5 in the blood of SAP patients was significantly up-regulated compared with that of healthy people. Animal experiments have demonstrated that QYD can alleviate pancreatic and lung injury inflammatory response and reduce the upregulation of CDK5 in lung tissue. QYD or CDK5 inhibitors could decrease the expression of NFAT5 and GEF-H1, and increase the expression of ACE-tub in SAP rat lung tissue. Cell experiments proved that QYD could inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by LPS. Immunofluorescence results suggested that QYD could alleviate the cytoskeleton damage of endothelial cells, and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of CDK5-mediated activation of NFAT5, GEF-H1, and ACE-tub. Conclusion CDK5 has been identified as a critical target for pulmonary endothelial injury of SAP-ALI. QYD may partially alleviate microtubule disassembly by targeting the CDK5/NFAT5/GEF-H1 signaling pathway, thus relieving SAP-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxuan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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Bement WM, Goryachev AB, Miller AL, von Dassow G. Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:290-308. [PMID: 38172611 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Rho GTPases - RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 - are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. This regulation results from active (GTP-bound) Rho GTPases stimulating target proteins that, in turn, promote actin assembly and myosin 2-based contraction to organize the cortex. This basic regulatory scheme, well supported by in vitro studies, led to the natural assumption that Rho GTPases function in vivo in an essentially linear matter, with a given process being initiated by GTPase activation and terminated by GTPase inactivation. However, a growing body of evidence based on live cell imaging, modelling and experimental manipulation indicates that Rho GTPase activation and inactivation are often tightly coupled in space and time via signalling circuits and networks based on positive and negative feedback. In this Review, we present and discuss this evidence, and we address one of the fundamental consequences of coupled activation and inactivation: the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize, that is, direct their own transition from states of low order to states of high order. We discuss how Rho GTPase self-organization results in the formation of diverse spatiotemporal cortical patterns such as static clusters, oscillatory pulses, travelling wave trains and ring-like waves. Finally, we discuss the advantages of Rho GTPase self-organization and pattern formation for cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Andrew B Goryachev
- Center for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Schmidt CJ, Stehbens SJ. Microtubule control of migration: Coordination in confinement. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102289. [PMID: 38041936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton has a well-established, instrumental role in coordinating cell migration. Decades of research has focused on understanding how microtubules couple intracellular trafficking with cortical targeting and spatial organization of signaling to facilitate locomotion. Movement in physically challenging environments requires coordination of forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell shape changes, with microtubules acting to spatially regulate contractility. Recent work has demonstrated that the mechanical properties of microtubules are adaptive to stress, leading to a new understanding of their roles in cell migration. Herein we review new developments in how microtubules sense and adapt to changes in the physical properties of their environment during migration. We frame our discussion around our current understanding of how microtubules target cell-matrix adhesions, and their role in the spatiotemporal coordination of signaling to form mechano feedback loops. We expand on how these mechanisms may influence cell morphology in confined three-dimensional settings, and the importance of locally tuning the mechanical stability of polymers in response to mechanical cues. Finally, we discuss new roles for Golgi-derived microtubules in mechanosensing, and how preferential motor use may influence polymer stability to resist the physical constraints cells experience in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christanny J Schmidt
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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7
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Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization and flow in protrusions to drive collective cell migration. Curr Biol 2024; 34:245-259.e8. [PMID: 38096821 PMCID: PMC10872453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network. Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin-II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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8
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Morel A, Douat C, Blangy A, Vives V. Bone resorption by osteoclasts involves fine tuning of RHOA activity by its microtubule-associated exchange factor GEF-H1. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1342024. [PMID: 38312316 PMCID: PMC10834693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1342024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is controlled by the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and degradation by osteoclasts. A disequilibrium in favor of bone resorption leads to osteolytic diseases characterized by decreased bone density. Osteoclastic resorption is dependent on the assembly of an adhesion structure: the actin ring, also called podosome belt or sealing zone, which is composed of a unique patterning of podosomes stabilized by microtubules. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between actin cytoskeleton and microtubules network is key to find new treatments to inhibit bone resorption. Evidence points to the importance of the fine tuning of the activity of the small GTPase RHOA for the formation and maintenance of the actin ring, but the underlying mechanism is not known. We report here that actin ring disorganization upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by the activation of the RHOA-ROCK signaling pathway. We next show the involvement of GEF-H1, one of RHOA guanine exchange factor highly expressed in osteoclasts, which has the particularity of being negatively regulated by sequestration on microtubules. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GEF-H1 knock-down osteoclast model, we demonstrate that RHOA activation upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by GEF-H1 release. Interestingly, although lower levels of GEF-H1 did not impact sealing zone formation in the presence of an intact microtubule network, sealing zone was smaller leading to impaired resorption. Altogether, these results suggest that a fine tuning of GEF-H1 through its association with microtubules, and consequently of RHOA activity, is essential for osteoclast sealing zone stability and resorption function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Morel
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Douat
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
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9
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Qian W, Yamaguchi N, Lis P, Cammer M, Knaut H. Pulses of RhoA Signaling Stimulate Actin Polymerization and Flow in Protrusions to Drive Collective Cell Migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560679. [PMID: 37873192 PMCID: PMC10592895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or-in the case of disease-metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to generate force to propel themselves forward. The motility of singly migrating cells is driven largely by an interplay between Rho GTPase signaling and the actin network (Yamada and Sixt, 2019). Whether cells migrating as collectives use the same machinery for motility is unclear. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium as a model for collective cell migration, we find that active RhoA and myosin II cluster on the basal sides of the primordium cells and are required for primordium motility. Positive and negative feedbacks cause RhoA and myosin II activities to pulse. These pulses of RhoA signaling stimulate actin polymerization at the tip of the protrusions and myosin II-dependent actin flow and protrusion retraction at the base of the protrusions, and deform the basement membrane underneath the migrating primordium. This suggests that RhoA-induced actin flow on the basal sides of the cells constitutes the motor that pulls the primordium forward, a scenario that likely underlies collective migration in other-but not all (Bastock and Strutt, 2007; Lebreton and Casanova, 2013; Matthews et al., 2008)-contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Patrycja Lis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
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10
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Medica S, Crawford LB, Denton M, Min CK, Jones TA, Alexander T, Parkins CJ, Diggins NL, Streblow GJ, Mayo AT, Kreklywich CN, Smith P, Jeng S, McWeeney S, Hancock MH, Yurochko A, Cohen MS, Caposio P, Streblow DN. Proximity-dependent mapping of the HCMV US28 interactome identifies RhoGEF signaling as a requirement for efficient viral reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011682. [PMID: 37782657 PMCID: PMC10569644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes multiple putative G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). US28 functions as a viral chemokine receptor and is expressed during both latent and lytic phases of virus infection. US28 actively promotes cellular migration, transformation, and plays a major role in mediating viral latency and reactivation; however, knowledge about the interaction partners involved in these processes is still incomplete. Herein, we utilized a proximity-dependent biotinylating enzyme (TurboID) to characterize the US28 interactome when expressed in isolation, and during both latent (CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells) and lytic (fibroblasts) HCMV infection. Our analyses indicate that the US28 signalosome converges with RhoA and EGFR signal transduction pathways, sharing multiple mediators that are major actors in processes such as cellular proliferation and differentiation. Integral members of the US28 signaling complex were validated in functional assays by immunoblot and small-molecule inhibitors. Importantly, we identified RhoGEFs as key US28 signaling intermediaries. In vitro latency and reactivation assays utilizing primary CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) treated with the small-molecule inhibitors Rhosin or Y16 indicated that US28 -RhoGEF interactions are required for efficient viral reactivation. These findings were recapitulated in vivo using a humanized mouse model where inhibition of RhoGEFs resulted in a failure of the virus to reactivate. Together, our data identifies multiple new proteins in the US28 interactome that play major roles in viral latency and reactivation, highlights the utility of proximity-sensor labeling to characterize protein interactomes, and provides insight into targets for the development of novel anti-HCMV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Medica
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lindsey B. Crawford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chan-Ki Min
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular & Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Taylor A. Jones
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Timothy Alexander
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Parkins
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Diggins
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gabriel J. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Mayo
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Meaghan H. Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrew Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Molecular & Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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11
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Smart K, Kramer AH, Smart S, Hodgson L, Sharp DJ. Fidgetin-like 2 depletion enhances cell migration by regulating GEF-H1, RhoA, and FAK. Biophys J 2023; 122:3600-3610. [PMID: 36523161 PMCID: PMC10541466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton and its dynamics play an important role in cell migration. Depletion of the microtubule-severing enzyme Fidgetin-like 2 (FL2), a regulator of MT dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells, leads to faster and more efficient cell migration. Here we examine how siRNA knockdown of FL2 increases cell motility. Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor studies shows that FL2 knockdown decreases activation of the p21 Rho GTPase, RhoA, and its activator GEF-H1. Immunofluorescence studies reveal that GEF-H1 is sequestered by the increased MT density resulting from FL2 depletion. Activation of the Rho GTPase, Rac1, however, does not change after FL2 knockdown. Furthermore, FL2 depletion leads to an increase in focal adhesion kinase activation at the leading edge, as shown by immunofluorescence studies, but no change in actin dynamics, as shown by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We believe these results expand our understanding of the role of MT dynamics in cell migration and offer new insights into RhoA and Rac1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Smart
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Adam H Kramer
- Microcures, Inc., Research and Development, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - David J Sharp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Microcures, Inc., Research and Development, Bronx, New York.
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12
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Pimenta FM, Huh J, Guzman B, Amanah D, Marston DJ, Pinkin NK, Danuser G, Hahn KM. Rho MultiBinder, a fluorescent biosensor that reports the activity of multiple GTPases. Biophys J 2023; 122:3646-3655. [PMID: 37085995 PMCID: PMC10541480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging two or more fluorescent biosensors in the same living cell can reveal the spatiotemporal coordination of protein activities. However, using multiple Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors together is challenging due to toxicity and the need for orthogonal fluorophores. Here we generate a biosensor component that binds selectively to the activated conformation of three different proteins. This enabled multiplexed FRET with fewer fluorophores, and reduced toxicity. We generated this MultiBinder (MB) reagent for the GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 by combining portions of the downstream effector proteins Pak1 and Rhotekin. Using FRET between mCherry on the MB and YPet or mAmetrine on two target proteins, the activities of any pair of GTPases could be distinguished. The MB was used to image Rac1 and RhoA together with a third, dye-based biosensor for Cdc42. Quantifying effects of biosensor combinations on the frequency, duration, and velocity of cell protrusions and retractions demonstrated reduced toxicity. Multiplexed imaging revealed signaling hierarchies between the three proteins at the cell edge where they regulate motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico M Pimenta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jaewon Huh
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bryan Guzman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diepreye Amanah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas K Pinkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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13
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Sprenger A, Carr HS, Ulu A, Frost JA. Src stimulates Abl-dependent phosphorylation of the guanine exchange factor Net1A to promote its cytosolic localization and cell motility. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104887. [PMID: 37271338 PMCID: PMC10404680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (Net1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase RhoA that promotes cancer cell motility and metastasis. Two isoforms of Net1 exist, Net1 and Net1A, both of which are sequestered in the nucleus in quiescent cells to prevent aberrant RhoA activation. Many cell motility stimuli drive cytosolic relocalization of Net1A, but mechanisms controlling this event are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that epithelial growth factor stimulates protein kinase Src- and Abl1-dependent phosphorylation of Net1A to promote its cytosolic localization. We show that Abl1 efficiently phosphorylates Net1A on Y373, and that phenylalanine substitution of Y373 prevents Net1A cytosolic localization. Furthermore, we found that Abl1-driven cytosolic localization of Net1A does not require S52, which is a phosphorylation site of a different kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, that inhibits nuclear import of Net1A. However, we did find that MKK7-stimulated cytosolic localization of Net1A does require Y373. We also demonstrate that aspartate substitution at Y373 is sufficient to promote Net1A cytosolic accumulation, and expression of Net1A Y373D potentiates epithelial growth factor-stimulated RhoA activation, downstream myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation, and F-actin accumulation. Moreover, we show that expression of Net1A Y373D in breast cancer cells also significantly increases cell motility and Matrigel invasion. Finally, we show that Net1A is required for Abl1-stimulated cell motility, which is rescued by expression of Net1A Y373D, but not Net1A Y373F. Taken together, this work demonstrates a novel mechanism controlling Net1A subcellular localization to regulate RhoA-dependent cell motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashabari Sprenger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather S Carr
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Frost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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14
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Coló GP, Seiwert A, Haga RB. Lfc subcellular localization and activity is controlled by αv-class integrin. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:307374. [PMID: 37129180 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN)-binding integrins control a variety of cellular responses through Rho GTPases. The FN-binding integrins, αvβ3 and α5β1, are known to induce different effects on cell morphology and motility. Here, we report that FN-bound αvβ3 integrin, but not FN-bound α5β1 integrin, triggers the dissociation of the RhoA GEF Lfc (also known as GEF-H1 and ARHGEF2 in humans) from microtubules (MTs), leading to the activation of RhoA, formation of stress fibres and maturation of focal adhesions (FAs). Conversely, loss of Lfc expression decreases RhoA activity, stress fibre formation and FA size, suggesting that Lfc is the major GEF downstream of FN-bound αvβ3 that controls RhoA activity. Mechanistically, FN-engaged αvβ3 integrin activates a kinase cascade involving MARK2 and MARK3, which in turn leads to phosphorylation of several phospho-sites on Lfc. In particular, S151 was identified as the main site involved in the regulation of Lfc localization and activity. Our findings indicate that activation of Lfc and RhoA is orchestrated in FN-adherent cells in an integrin-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Coló
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Seiwert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Raquel B Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Buglak DB, Bougaran P, Kulikauskas MR, Liu Z, Monaghan-Benson E, Gold AL, Marvin AP, Burciu A, Tanke NT, Oatley M, Ricketts SN, Kinghorn K, Johnson BN, Shiau CE, Rogers S, Guilluy C, Bautch VL. Nuclear SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell junctions via microtubules to regulate blood vessel formation. eLife 2023; 12:83652. [PMID: 36989130 PMCID: PMC10059686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line all blood vessels, where they coordinate blood vessel formation and the blood-tissue barrier via regulation of cell-cell junctions. The nucleus also regulates endothelial cell behaviors, but it is unclear how the nucleus contributes to endothelial cell activities at the cell periphery. Here, we show that the nuclear-localized linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex protein SUN1 regulates vascular sprouting and endothelial cell-cell junction morphology and function. Loss of murine endothelial Sun1 impaired blood vessel formation and destabilized junctions, angiogenic sprouts formed but retracted in SUN1-depleted sprouts, and zebrafish vessels lacking Sun1b had aberrant junctions and defective cell-cell connections. At the cellular level, SUN1 stabilized endothelial cell-cell junctions, promoted junction function, and regulated contractility. Mechanistically, SUN1 depletion altered cell behaviors via the cytoskeleton without changing transcriptional profiles. Reduced peripheral microtubule density, fewer junction contacts, and increased catastrophes accompanied SUN1 loss, and microtubule depolymerization phenocopied effects on junctions. Depletion of GEF-H1, a microtubule-regulated Rho activator, or the LINC complex protein nesprin-1 rescued defective junctions of SUN1-depleted endothelial cells. Thus, endothelial SUN1 regulates peripheral cell-cell junctions from the nucleus via LINC complex-based microtubule interactions that affect peripheral microtubule dynamics and Rho-regulated contractility, and this long-range regulation is important for proper blood vessel sprouting and junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B Buglak
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Ariel L Gold
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Allison P Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Andrew Burciu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bryan N Johnson
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
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16
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Kunida K, Takagi N, Aoki K, Ikeda K, Nakamura T, Sakumura Y. Decoding cellular deformation from pseudo-simultaneously observed Rho GTPase activities. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112071. [PMID: 36764299 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitations in simultaneously observing the activity of multiple molecules in live cells prevent researchers from elucidating how these molecules coordinate the dynamic regulation of cellular functions. Here, we propose the motion-triggered average (MTA) algorithm to characterize pseudo-simultaneous dynamic changes in arbitrary cellular deformation and molecular activities. Using MTA, we successfully extract a pseudo-simultaneous time series from individually observed activities of three Rho GTPases: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. To verify that this time series encoded information on cell-edge movement, we use a mathematical regression model to predict the edge velocity from the activities of the three molecules. The model accurately predicts the unknown edge velocity, providing numerical evidence that these Rho GTPases regulate edge movement. Data preprocessing using MTA combined with mathematical regression provides an effective strategy for reusing numerous individual observations of molecular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Kunida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 8916-5, Japan; School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takagi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Aichi Prefectural University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1342, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 8916-5, Japan; Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 8916-5, Japan; RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (RIKEN AIP), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakumura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 8916-5, Japan; Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 8916-5, Japan.
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17
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Legátová A, Pelantová M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Škarková A. The emerging role of microtubules in invasion plasticity. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1118171. [PMID: 36860323 PMCID: PMC9969133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to switch between different invasive modes during metastasis, also known as invasion plasticity, is an important characteristic of tumor cells that makes them able to resist treatment targeted to a particular invasion mode. Due to the rapid changes in cell morphology during the transition between mesenchymal and amoeboid invasion, it is evident that this process requires remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Although the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell invasion and plasticity is already quite well described, the contribution of microtubules is not yet fully clarified. It is not easy to infer whether destabilization of microtubules leads to higher invasiveness or the opposite since the complex microtubular network acts differently in diverse invasive modes. While mesenchymal migration typically requires microtubules at the leading edge of migrating cells to stabilize protrusions and form adhesive structures, amoeboid invasion is possible even in the absence of long, stable microtubules, albeit there are also cases of amoeboid cells where microtubules contribute to effective migration. Moreover, complex crosstalk of microtubules with other cytoskeletal networks participates in invasion regulation. Altogether, microtubules play an important role in tumor cell plasticity and can be therefore targeted to affect not only cell proliferation but also invasive properties of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Legátová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Markéta Pelantová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia,*Correspondence: Aneta Škarková,
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18
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Reducing GEF-H1 Expression Inhibits Renal Cyst Formation, Inflammation, and Fibrosis via RhoA Signaling in Nephronophthisis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043504. [PMID: 36834937 PMCID: PMC9967383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the most prevalent monogenic disease leading to end-stage renal failure in childhood. RhoA activation is involved in NPHP pathogenesis. This study explored the role of the RhoA activator guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1 in NPHP pathogenesis. We analyzed the expression and distribution of GEF-H1 in NPHP1 knockout (NPHP1KO) mice using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, followed by GEF-H1 knockdown. Immunofluorescence and renal histology were used to examine the cysts, inflammation, and fibrosis. A RhoA GTPase activation assay and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of downstream GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2, respectively. In NPHP1 knockdown (NPHP1KD) human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells), we detected the expressions of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In vivo, increased expression and redistribution of GEF-H1, and higher levels of GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2 in renal tissue of NPHP1KO mice were observed, together with renal cysts, fibrosis, and inflammation. These changes were alleviated by GEF-H1 knockdown. In vitro, the expression of GEF-H1 and activation of RhoA were also increased, with increased expression of α-SMA and decreased E-cadherin. GEF-H1 knockdown reversed these changes in NPHP1KD HK2 cells. Thus, the GEF-H1/RhoA/MLC2 axis is activated in NPHP1 defects and may play a pivotal role in NPHP pathogenesis.
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19
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GEF-H1 Transduces FcεRI Signaling in Mast Cells to Activate RhoA and Focal Adhesion Formation during Exocytosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040537. [PMID: 36831204 PMCID: PMC9954420 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When antigen-stimulated, mast cells release preformed inflammatory mediators stored in cytoplasmic granules. This occurs via a robust exocytosis mechanism termed degranulation. Our previous studies revealed that RhoA and Rac1 are activated during mast cell antigen stimulation and are required for mediator release. Here, we show that the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, acts as a signal transducer of antigen stimulation to activate RhoA and promote mast cell spreading via focal adhesion (FA) formation. Cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis were all reduced in antigen-stimulated mast cells when GEF-H1 was depleted by RNA interference. GEF-H1-depleted cells also showed a significant reduction in RhoA activation, resulting in reduced stress fiber formation without altering lamellipodia formation. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active RhoA mutant restored normal morphology in GEF-H1-depleted cells. FA formation during antigen stimulation required GEF-H1, suggesting it is a downstream target of the GEF-H1-RhoA signaling axis. GEF-H1 was activated by phosphorylation in conjunction with antigen stimulation. Syk kinase is linked to the FcεRI signaling pathway and the Syk inhibitor, GS-9973, blocked GEF-H1 activation and also suppressed cell spreading, granule movement, and exocytosis. We concluded that during FcεRI receptor stimulation, GEF-H1 transmits signals to RhoA activation and FA formation to facilitate the exocytosis mechanism.
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20
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Jiang X, Isogai T, Chi J, Danuser G. Fine-grained, nonlinear registration of live cell movies reveals spatiotemporal organization of diffuse molecular processes. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009667. [PMID: 36584219 PMCID: PMC9870159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an application of nonlinear image registration to align in microscopy time lapse sequences for every frame the cell outline and interior with the outline and interior of the same cell in a reference frame. The registration relies on a subcellular fiducial marker, a cell motion mask, and a topological regularization that enforces diffeomorphism on the registration without significant loss of granularity. This allows spatiotemporal analysis of extremely noisy and diffuse molecular processes across the entire cell. We validate the registration method for different fiducial markers by measuring the intensity differences between predicted and original time lapse sequences of Actin cytoskeleton images and by uncovering zones of spatially organized GEF- and GTPase signaling dynamics visualized by FRET-based activity biosensors in MDA-MB-231 cells. We then demonstrate applications of the registration method in conjunction with stochastic time-series analysis. We describe distinct zones of locally coherent dynamics of the cytoplasmic protein Profilin in U2OS cells. Further analysis of the Profilin dynamics revealed strong relationships with Actin cytoskeleton reorganization during cell symmetry-breaking and polarization. This study thus provides a framework for extracting information to explore functional interactions between cell morphodynamics, protein distributions, and signaling in cells undergoing continuous shape changes. Matlab code implementing the proposed registration method is available at https://github.com/DanuserLab/Mask-Regularized-Diffeomorphic-Cell-Registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Jiang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Lee SH, Hou JC, Hamidzadeh A, Yousafzai MS, Ajeti V, Chang H, Odde DJ, Murrell M, Levchenko A. A molecular clock controls periodically driven cell migration in confined spaces. Cell Syst 2022; 13:514-529.e10. [PMID: 35679858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Navigation through a dense, physically confining extracellular matrix is common in invasive cell spread and tissue reorganization but is still poorly understood. Here, we show that this migration is mediated by cyclic changes in the activity of a small GTPase RhoA, which is dependent on the oscillatory changes in the activity and abundance of the RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEF-H1, and triggered by a persistent increase in the intracellular Ca2+ levels. We show that the molecular clock driving these cyclic changes is mediated by two coupled negative feedback loops, dependent on the microtubule dynamics, with a frequency that can be experimentally modulated based on a predictive mathematical model. We further demonstrate that an increasing frequency of the clock translates into a faster cell migration within physically confining spaces. This work lays the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms dynamically driving cell migration in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Lee
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jay C Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Archer Hamidzadeh
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Sulaiman Yousafzai
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Murrell
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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22
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Wolff DW, Deng Z, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Foley CE, Han Z, Wang X, Shen S, Rosenberg MM, Moparthy S, Yun DH, Chen J, Baker BK, Roll MV, Magiera AJ, Li J, Hurley E, Feltri ML, Cox AO, Lee J, Furdui CM, Liu L, Bshara W, LaConte LE, Kandel ES, Pasquale EB, Qu J, Hedstrom L, Nikiforov MA. Phosphorylation of guanosine monophosphate reductase triggers a GTP-dependent switch from pro- to anti-oncogenic function of EPHA4. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:970-984.e6. [PMID: 35148834 PMCID: PMC9620470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways post-translationally regulating nucleotide metabolism remain largely unknown. Guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) is a nucleotide metabolism enzyme that decreases GTP pools by converting GMP to IMP. We observed that phosphorylation of GMPR at Tyr267 is critical for its activity and found that this phosphorylation by ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA4 decreases GTP pools in cell protrusions and levels of GTP-bound RAC1. EPHs possess oncogenic and tumor-suppressor activities, although the mechanisms underlying switches between these two modes are poorly understood. We demonstrated that GMPR plays a key role in EPHA4-mediated RAC1 suppression. This supersedes GMPR-independent activation of RAC1 by EPHA4, resulting in a negative overall effect on melanoma cell invasion and tumorigenicity. Accordingly, EPHA4 levels increase during melanoma progression and inversely correlate with GMPR levels in individual melanoma tumors. Therefore, phosphorylation of GMPR at Tyr267 is a metabolic signal transduction switch controlling GTP biosynthesis and transformed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Colleen E. Foley
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zhannan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xingyou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | - Sudha Moparthy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Yun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian K. Baker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew V. Roll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Andrew J. Magiera
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Anderson O. Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo NY 14203, USA
| | - Leslie E.W. LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Eugene S. Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Nikiforov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Mikhail A. Nikiforov,
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23
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Noh J, Isogai T, Chi J, Bhatt K, Danuser G. Granger-causal inference of the lamellipodial actin regulator hierarchy by live cell imaging without perturbation. Cell Syst 2022; 13:471-487.e8. [PMID: 35675823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many cell regulatory systems implicate nonlinearity and redundancy among components. The regulatory network governing lamellipodial and lamellar actin structures is prototypical of such a system, containing tens of actin-nucleating and -modulating molecules with functional overlap and feedback loops. Due to instantaneous and long-term compensation, phenotyping the system response to perturbation provides limited information on the roles the targeted component plays in the unperturbed system. Accordingly, how individual actin regulators contribute to lamellipodial dynamics remains ambiguous. Here, we present a perturbation-free reconstruction of cause-effect relations among actin regulators by applying Granger-causal inference to constitutive image fluctuations that indicate regulator recruitment as a proxy for activity. Our analysis identifies distinct zones of actin regulator activation and of causal effects on filament assembly and delineates actin-dependent and actin-independent regulator roles in controlling edge motion. We propose that edge motion is driven by assembly of two independently operating actin filament systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kushal Bhatt
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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24
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Leguay K, Decelle B, Elkholi IE, Bouvier M, Côté JF, Carréno S. Interphase microtubule disassembly is a signaling cue that drives cell rounding at mitotic entry. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213183. [PMID: 35482006 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At mitotic entry, reorganization of the actomyosin cortex prompts cells to round-up. Proteins of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family (ERM) play essential roles in this process by linking actomyosin forces to the plasma membrane. Yet, the cell-cycle signal that activates ERMs at mitotic entry is unknown. By screening a compound library using newly developed biosensors, we discovered that drugs that disassemble microtubules promote ERM activation. We further demonstrated that disassembly of interphase microtubules at mitotic entry directs ERM activation and metaphase cell rounding through GEF-H1, a Rho-GEF inhibited by microtubule binding, RhoA, and its kinase effector SLK. We finally demonstrated that GEF-H1 and Ect2, another Rho-GEF previously identified to control actomyosin forces, act together to drive activation of ERMs and cell rounding in metaphase. In summary, we report microtubule disassembly as a cell-cycle signal that controls a signaling network ensuring that actomyosin forces are efficiently integrated at the plasma membrane to promote cell rounding at mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Leguay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Islam E Elkholi
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,institution>Molecular Pharmacology Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Camargo Ortega G, Götz M. Centrosome heterogeneity in stem cells regulates cell diversity. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:707-719. [PMID: 35750615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are at the source of creating cellular diversity. Multiple mechanisms, including basic cell biological processes, regulate their fate. The centrosome is at the core of many stem cell functions and recent work highlights the association of distinct proteins at the centrosome in stem cell differentiation. As showcased by a novel centrosome protein regulating neural stem cell differentiation, it is timely to review the heterogeneity of the centrosome at protein and RNA levels and how this impacts their function in stem and progenitor cells. Together with evidence for heterogeneity of other organelles so far considered as similar between cells, we call for exploring the cell type-specific composition of organelles as a way to expand protein function in development with relevance to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Camargo Ortega
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH, Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; 4 SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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26
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Hu J, Gong X, Strömblad S. Local temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks restrict cell protrusions and retractions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl3667. [PMID: 35319996 PMCID: PMC8942371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells probe their microenvironment using membrane protrusion-retraction cycles. Spatiotemporal coordination of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding activities initiates and reinforces protrusions and retractions, but the control of their finite lifetime remains unclear. We examined the relations of Rac1 and RhoA GTP-binding levels to key protrusion and retraction events, as well as to cell-ECM traction forces at physiologically relevant ECM stiffness. High RhoA-GTP preceded retractions and Rac1-GTP elevation before protrusions. Notable temporal Rac1-GTP nadirs and peaks occurred at the maximal edge velocity of local membrane protrusions and retractions, respectively, followed by declined edge velocity. Moreover, altered local Rac1-GTP consistently preceded similarly altered traction force. Local optogenetic Rac1-GTP perturbations defined a function of Rac1 in restricting protrusions and retractions and in promoting local traction force. Together, we show that Rac1 plays a fundamental role in restricting the size and durability of protrusions and retractions, plausibly in part through controlling traction forces.
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27
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Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042241. [PMID: 35216357 PMCID: PMC8874404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.
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28
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Comer SP. Turning Platelets Off and On: Role of RhoGAPs and RhoGEFs in Platelet Activity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:820945. [PMID: 35071371 PMCID: PMC8770426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet cytoskeletal reorganisation is a critical component of platelet activation and thrombus formation in haemostasis. The Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are the primary drivers in the dynamic reorganisation process, leading to the development of filopodia and lamellipodia which dramatically increase platelet surface area upon activation. Rho GTPases cycle between their active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states through tightly regulated processes, central to which are the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). GEFs catalyse the dissociation of GDP by inducing changes in the nucleotide binding site, facilitating GTP binding and activating Rho GTPases. By contrast, while all GTPases possess intrinsic hydrolysing activity, this reaction is extremely slow. Therefore, GAPs catalyse the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, reverting Rho GTPases to their inactive state. Our current knowledge of these proteins is constantly being updated but there is considerably less known about the functionality of Rho GTPase specific GAPs and GEFs in platelets. In the present review, we discuss GAP and GEF proteins for Rho GTPases identified in platelets, their regulation, biological function and present a case for their further study in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Comer
- ConwaySPHERE Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Liu B, Stone OJ, Pablo M, Herron JC, Nogueira AT, Dagliyan O, Grimm JB, Lavis LD, Elston TC, Hahn KM. Biosensors based on peptide exposure show single molecule conformations in live cells. Cell 2021; 184:5670-5685.e23. [PMID: 34637702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach to study the conformation of individual proteins during single particle tracking (SPT) in living cells. "Binder/tag" is based on incorporation of a 7-mer peptide (the tag) into a protein where its solvent exposure is controlled by protein conformation. Only upon exposure can the peptide specifically interact with a reporter protein (the binder). Thus, simple fluorescence localization reflects protein conformation. Through direct excitation of bright dyes, the trajectory and conformation of individual proteins can be followed. Simple protein engineering provides highly specific biosensors suitable for SPT and FRET. We describe tagSrc, tagFyn, tagSyk, tagFAK, and an orthogonal binder/tag pair. SPT showed slowly diffusing islands of activated Src within Src clusters and dynamics of activation in adhesions. Quantitative analysis and stochastic modeling revealed in vivo Src kinetics. The simplicity of binder/tag can provide access to diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orrin J Stone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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30
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Welf ES, Miles CE, Huh J, Sapoznik E, Chi J, Driscoll MK, Isogai T, Noh J, Weems AD, Pohlkamp T, Dean K, Fiolka R, Mogilner A, Danuser G. Actin-Membrane Release Initiates Cell Protrusions. Dev Cell 2020; 55:723-736.e8. [PMID: 33308479 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of actin polymerization as a driving mechanism for cell protrusion, upregulated actin polymerization alone does not initiate protrusions. Using a combination of theoretical modeling and quantitative live-cell imaging experiments, we show that local depletion of actin-membrane links is needed for protrusion initiation. Specifically, we show that the actin-membrane linker ezrin is depleted prior to protrusion onset and that perturbation of ezrin's affinity for actin modulates protrusion frequency and efficiency. We also show how actin-membrane release works in concert with actin polymerization, leading to a comprehensive model for actin-driven shape changes. Actin-membrane release plays a similar role in protrusions driven by intracellular pressure. Thus, our findings suggest that protrusion initiation might be governed by a universal regulatory mechanism, whereas the mechanism of force generation determines the shape and expansion properties of the protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Christopher E Miles
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Jaewon Huh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Etai Sapoznik
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew D Weems
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Comer S, Nagy Z, Bolado A, von Kriegsheim A, Gambaryan S, Walter U, Pagel O, Zahedi RP, Jurk K, Smolenski A. The RhoA regulators Myo9b and GEF-H1 are targets of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases in platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3002-3012. [PMID: 32692911 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating platelets are maintained in an inactive state by the endothelial lining of the vasculature. Endothelium-derived prostacyclin and nitric oxide stimulate cAMP- and cGMP-dependent kinases, PKA and PKG, to inhibit platelets. PKA and PKG effects include the inhibition of the GTPase RhoA, which has been suggested to involve the direct phosphorylation of RhoA on serine 188. OBJECTIVES We wanted to confirm RhoA S188 phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases and to identify possible alternative mechanisms of RhoA regulation in platelets. METHODS Phosphoproteomics data of human platelets were used to identify candidate PKA and PKG substrates. Phosphorylation of individual proteins was studied by Western blotting and Phos-tag gel electrophoresis in human platelets and transfected HEK293T cells. Pull-down assays were performed to analyze protein interaction and function. RESULTS Our data indicate that RhoA is not phosphorylated by PKA in platelets. Instead, we provide evidence that cyclic nucleotide effects are mediated through the phosphorylation of the RhoA-specific GTPase-activating protein Myo9b and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. We identify Myo9b S1354 and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) S886 as PKA and PKG phosphorylation sites. Myo9b S1354 phosphorylation enhances its GTPase activating protein function leading to reduced RhoA-GTP levels. GEF-H1 S886 phosphorylation stimulates binding of 14-3-3β and has been shown to inhibit GEF function by facilitating binding of GEF-H1 to microtubules. Microtubule disruption increases RhoA-GTP levels confirming the importance of GEF-H1 in platelets. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation of RhoA regulatory proteins Myo9b and GEF-H1, but not RhoA itself, is involved in cyclic nucleotide-mediated control of RhoA in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Comer
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Bolado
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Pagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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Joo E, Olson MF. Regulation and functions of the RhoA regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Small GTPases 2020; 12:358-371. [PMID: 33126816 PMCID: PMC8583009 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1840889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery by Madaule and Axel in 1985 of the first Ras homologue (Rho) protein in Aplysia and its human orthologue RhoB, membership in the Rho GTPase family has grown to 20 proteins, with representatives in all eukaryotic species. These GTPases are molecular switches that cycle between active (GTP bound) and inactivate (GDP bound) states. The exchange of GDP for GTP on Rho GTPases is facilitated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs). Approximately 80 Rho GEFs have been identified to date, and only a few GEFs associate with microtubules. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, GEF-H1, is a unique GEF that associates with microtubules and is regulated by the polymerization state of microtubule networks. This review summarizes the regulation and functions of GEF-H1 and discusses the roles of GEF-H1 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Multiplexed GTPase and GEF biosensor imaging enables network connectivity analysis. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:826-833. [PMID: 32424303 PMCID: PMC7388658 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we generate fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensors for guanine exchange factors (GEFs) by inserting a fluorescent protein pair in a structural 'hinge' common to many GEFs. Fluorescent biosensors can map the activation of signaling molecules in space and time, but it has not been possible to quantify how different activation events affect one another or contribute to a specific cell behavior. By imaging the GEF biosensors in the same cells as red-shifted biosensors of Rho GTPases, we can apply partial correlation analysis to parse out the extent to which each GEF contributes to the activation of a specific GTPase in regulating cell movement. Through analysis of spontaneous cell protrusion events, we identify when and where the GEF Asef regulates the GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 to control cell edge dynamics. This approach exemplifies a powerful means to elucidate the real-time connectivity of signal transduction networks.
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Kopf A, Renkawitz J, Hauschild R, Girkontaite I, Tedford K, Merrin J, Thorn-Seshold O, Trauner D, Häcker H, Fischer KD, Kiermaier E, Sixt M. Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151745. [PMID: 32379884 PMCID: PMC7265309 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells navigating through complex tissues face a fundamental challenge: while multiple protrusions explore different paths, the cell needs to avoid entanglement. How a cell surveys and then corrects its own shape is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that spatially distinct microtubule dynamics regulate amoeboid cell migration by locally promoting the retraction of protrusions. In migrating dendritic cells, local microtubule depolymerization within protrusions remote from the microtubule organizing center triggers actomyosin contractility controlled by RhoA and its exchange factor Lfc. Depletion of Lfc leads to aberrant myosin localization, thereby causing two effects that rate-limit locomotion: (1) impaired cell edge coordination during path finding and (2) defective adhesion resolution. Compromised shape control is particularly hindering in geometrically complex microenvironments, where it leads to entanglement and ultimately fragmentation of the cell body. We thus demonstrate that microtubules can act as a proprioceptive device: they sense cell shape and control actomyosin retraction to sustain cellular coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Irute Girkontaite
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Hans Häcker
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Eva Kiermaier:
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Eva Kiermaier:
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35
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Yi L, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Dong J. CX3CL1 Induces Vertebral Microvascular Barrier Dysfunction via the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:96. [PMID: 32390803 PMCID: PMC7193116 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells is a critical step in metastasis. Micro-vascular barrier disruptions of distant organs play important roles in tumor cells TEM. The spine is a preferred site for multiple cancer cell metastases. Our previous study found that vertebral spongy bone was rich in CX3CL1 and that CX3CL1 can attract fractalkine receptor-expressing tumor cells to the spine. In the present study, we determined whether CX3CL1 was involved in vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption and promoted tumor cell TEM after circulating tumor cells were arrested in the vertebral micro-vasculature. We examined the role of CX3CL1 in the barrier function of vertebral micro-vascular endothelial cells (VMECs) and explored the molecular mechanisms of CX3CL1-induced VMEC barrier disruption. Our results demonstrated that CX3CL1 led to F-actin formation and ZO-1 disruption in VMECs and induced the vertebral micro-vascular barrier disruption. Importantly, we found that the activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in CX3CL1-induced VMEC stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vertebral micro-vascular barrier hyper-permeability. Inhibiting Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling in VMECs effectively blocked CX3CL1-induced vertebral vascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent tumor cell TEM. The results of this study and our previous study indicate that in addition to its chemotaxis, CX3CL1 plays a critical role in regulating vertebral micro-vascular barrier function and tumor cell TEM. CX3CL1 induced VMECs stress fiber formation, ZO-1 disruption and then vascular endothelial hyperpermeability via activation of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway. The inhibition of the Src/P115-RhoGEF/ROCK signaling pathway in VMECs effectively blocked tumor cells TEMs in vertebral spongy bone and maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for spine metastases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Prahl LS, Stanslaski MR, Vargas P, Piel M, Odde DJ. Predicting Confined 1D Cell Migration from Parameters Calibrated to a 2D Motor-Clutch Model. Biophys J 2020; 118:1709-1720. [PMID: 32145191 PMCID: PMC7136340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological tissues contain micrometer-scale gaps and pores, including those found within extracellular matrix fiber networks, between tightly packed cells, and between blood vessels or nerve bundles and their associated basement membranes. These spaces restrict cell motion to a single-spatial dimension (1D), a feature that is not captured in traditional in vitro cell migration assays performed on flat, unconfined two-dimensional (2D) substrates. Mechanical confinement can variably influence cell migration behaviors, and it is presently unclear whether the mechanisms used for migration in 2D unconfined environments are relevant in 1D confined environments. Here, we assessed whether a cell migration simulator and associated parameters previously measured for cells on 2D unconfined compliant hydrogels could predict 1D confined cell migration in microfluidic channels. We manufactured microfluidic devices with narrow channels (60-μm2 rectangular cross-sectional area) and tracked human glioma cells that spontaneously migrated within channels. Cell velocities (vexp = 0.51 ± 0.02 μm min-1) were comparable to brain tumor expansion rates measured in the clinic. Using motor-clutch model parameters estimated from cells on unconfined 2D planar hydrogel substrates, simulations predicted similar migration velocities (vsim = 0.37 ± 0.04 μm min-1) and also predicted the effects of drugs targeting the motor-clutch system or cytoskeletal assembly. These results are consistent with glioma cells utilizing a motor-clutch system to migrate in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Prahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maria R Stanslaski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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37
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Olayioye MA, Noll B, Hausser A. Spatiotemporal Control of Intracellular Membrane Trafficking by Rho GTPases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121478. [PMID: 31766364 PMCID: PMC6952795 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As membrane-associated master regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling, Rho GTPases coordinate a wide range of biological processes such as cell adhesion, motility, and polarity. In the last years, Rho GTPases have also been recognized to control intracellular membrane sorting and trafficking steps directly; however, how Rho GTPase signaling is regulated at endomembranes is still poorly understood. In this review, we will specifically address the local Rho GTPase pools coordinating intracellular membrane trafficking with a focus on the endo- and exocytic pathways. We will further highlight the spatiotemporal molecular regulation of Rho signaling at endomembrane sites through Rho regulatory proteins, the GEFs and GAPs. Finally, we will discuss the contribution of dysregulated Rho signaling emanating from endomembranes to the development and progression of cancer.
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