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Delisle SV, Labreche C, Lara-Márquez M, Abou-Hamad J, Garland B, Lamarche-Vane N, Sabourin LA. Expression of a kinase inactive SLK is embryonic lethal and impairs cell migration in fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119783. [PMID: 38871226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Kinases are known to have kinase activity independent functions. To gain further insights into potential kinase-independent functions of SLK/STK2, we have developed a kinase-dead allele, SLKK63R using in vivo CRISPR/Cas technology. Our studies show that blastocysts homozygote for SLKK63R do not develop into viable mice. However, heterozygotes are viable and fertile with no overt phenotypes. Analyses of mouse embryonic fibroblasts show that expression of SLKK63R results in a 50% decrease in kinase activity in heterozygotes. In contrast to previous studies, our data show that SLK does not form homodimers and that the kinase defective allele does not act in a dominant negative fashion. Expression of SLKK63R leads to altered Rac1 and RhoA activity, increased stress fiber formation and delayed focal adhesion turnover. Our data support a previously observed role for SLK in cell migration and suggest that at least 50% kinase activity is sufficient for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel V Delisle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cedrik Labreche
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mónica Lara-Márquez
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Abou-Hamad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Dept. of Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan Garland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Dept. of Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Marshall-Burghardt S, Migueles-Ramírez RA, Lin Q, El Baba N, Saada R, Umar M, Mavalwala K, Hayer A. Excitable Rho dynamics control cell shape and motility by sequentially activating ERM proteins and actomyosin contractility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6858. [PMID: 39241071 PMCID: PMC11378911 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Migration of endothelial and many other cells requires spatiotemporal regulation of protrusive and contractile cytoskeletal rearrangements that drive local cell shape changes. Unexpectedly, the small GTPase Rho, a crucial regulator of cell movement, has been reported to be active in both local cell protrusions and retractions, raising the question of how Rho activity can coordinate cell migration. Here, we show that Rho activity is absent in local protrusions and active during retractions. During retractions, Rho rapidly activated ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins (ERMs) to increase actin-membrane attachment, and, with a delay, nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2). Rho activity was excitable, with NM2 acting as a slow negative feedback regulator. Strikingly, inhibition of SLK/LOK kinases, through which Rho activates ERMs, caused elongated cell morphologies, impaired Rho-induced cell contractions, and reverted Rho-induced blebbing. Together, our study demonstrates that Rho activity drives retractions by sequentially enhancing ERM-mediated actin-membrane attachment for force transmission and NM2-dependent contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seph Marshall-Burghardt
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rodrigo A Migueles-Ramírez
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- PhD Program in Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Qiyao Lin
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nada El Baba
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rayan Saada
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Mustakim Umar
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Kian Mavalwala
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Biology, Stewart Biology Building, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
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3
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Dufrancais O, Verdys P, Plozza M, Métais A, Juzans M, Sanchez T, Bergert M, Halper J, Panebianco CJ, Mascarau R, Gence R, Arnaud G, Neji MB, Maridonneau-Parini I, Cabec VL, Boerckel JD, Pavlos NJ, Diz-Muñoz A, Lagarrigue F, Blin-Wakkach C, Carréno S, Poincloux R, Burkhardt JK, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Moesin controls cell-cell fusion and osteoclast function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593799. [PMID: 38798563 PMCID: PMC11118517 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is an evolutionarily conserved process that is essential for many functions, including fertilisation and the formation of placenta, muscle and osteoclasts, multinucleated cells that are unique in their ability to resorb bone. The mechanisms of osteoclast multinucleation involve dynamic interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane that are still poorly characterized. Here, we found that moesin, a cytoskeletal linker protein member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) protein family, is activated during osteoclast maturation and plays an instrumental role in both osteoclast fusion and function. In mouse and human osteoclast precursors, moesin inhibition favors their ability to fuse into multinucleated osteoclasts. Accordingly, we demonstrated that moesin depletion decreases membrane-to-cortex attachment and enhances the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), F-actin-based intercellular bridges that we reveal here to trigger cell-cell fusion. Moesin also controls HIV-1- and inflammation-induced cell fusion. In addition, moesin regulates the formation of the sealing zone, the adhesive structure determining osteoclast bone resorption area, and thus controls bone degradation, via a β3-integrin/RhoA/SLK pathway. Supporting our results, moesin - deficient mice present a reduced density of trabecular bones and increased osteoclast abundance and activity. These findings provide a better understanding of the regulation of cell-cell fusion and osteoclast biology, opening new opportunities to specifically target osteoclast activity in bone disease therapy.
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4
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Wang S, Baumert R, Séjourné G, Bindu DS, Dimond K, Sakers K, Vazquez L, Moore J, Tan CX, Takano T, Rodriguez MP, Soderling SH, La Spada AR, Eroglu C. Astrocytic LRRK2 Controls Synaptic Connectivity via Regulation of ERM Phosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.09.536178. [PMID: 39253496 PMCID: PMC11383028 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.09.536178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major glial cell type of the brain, regulate synapse numbers and function. However, whether astrocyte dysfunction can cause synaptic pathologies in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) is unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the most common PD-linked mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene (G2019S) on the synaptic functions of astrocytes. We found that both in human and mouse cortex, the LRRK2 G2019S mutation causes astrocyte morphology deficits and enhances the phosphorylation of the ERM proteins (Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin), which are important components of perisynaptic astrocyte processes. Reducing ERM phosphorylation in LRRK2 G2019S mouse astrocytes restored astrocyte morphology and corrected excitatory synaptic deficits. Using an in vivo BioID proteomic approach, we found Ezrin, the most abundant astrocytic ERM protein, interacts with the Autophagy-Related 7 (Atg7), a master regulator of catabolic processes. The Ezrin/Atg7 interaction is inhibited by Ezrin phosphorylation, thus diminished in the LRRK2 G2019S astrocytes. Importantly, Atg7 function is required to maintain proper astrocyte morphology. These studies reveal an astrocytic molecular mechanism that could serve as a therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Ryan Baumert
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Gabrielle Séjourné
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Dhanesh Sivadasan Bindu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kylie Dimond
- College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Sakers
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Vazquez
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- The Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Jessica Moore
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Tetsuya Takano
- Division of Molecular Systems for Brain Function, Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Japan
| | - Maria Pia Rodriguez
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H. Soderling
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- The Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Albert R. La Spada
- The Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, Biological Chemistry, and Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Center for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- The Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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5
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Qiao J, Tan Y, Liu H, Yang B, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Sun W, Li Z, Wang Q, Feng W, Yang S, Cui L. Histone H3K18 and Ezrin Lactylation Promote Renal Dysfunction in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307216. [PMID: 38767134 PMCID: PMC11267308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Histone lactylation is a metabolic stress-related histone modification. However, the role of histone lactylation in the development of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) remains unclear. Here, histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) is elevated in SA-AKI, which is reported in this study. Furthermore, this lactate-dependent histone modification is enriched at the promoter of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and positively correlated with the transcription. Correction of abnormal lactate levels resulted in a reversal of abnormal histone lactylation at the promoter of RhoA. Examination of related mechanism revealed that histone lactylation promoted the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) /Ezrin signaling, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inflammation, cell apoptosis, and aggravated renal dysfunction. In addition, Ezrin can undergo lactylation modification. Multiple lactylation sites are identified in Ezrin and confirmed that lactylation mainly occurred at the K263 site. The role of histone lactylation is revealed in SA-AKI and reportes a novel post-translational modification in Ezrin. Its potential role in regulating inflammatory metabolic adaptation of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells is also elucidated. The results provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of the onset of SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qiao
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Boxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Wenyuan Sun
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qingchen Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Weimin Feng
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
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6
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Chinthalapudi K, Heissler SM. Structure, regulation, and mechanisms of nonmuscle myosin-2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:263. [PMID: 38878079 PMCID: PMC11335295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Members of the myosin superfamily of molecular motors are large mechanochemical ATPases that are implicated in an ever-expanding array of cellular functions. This review focuses on mammalian nonmuscle myosin-2 (NM2) paralogs, ubiquitous members of the myosin-2 family of filament-forming motors. Through the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work, NM2 paralogs remodel and shape cells and tissues. This process is tightly controlled in time and space by numerous synergetic regulation mechanisms to meet cellular demands. We review how recent advances in structural biology together with elegant biophysical and cell biological approaches have contributed to our understanding of the shared and unique mechanisms of NM2 paralogs as they relate to their kinetics, regulation, assembly, and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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7
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Lombardo AT, Mitchell CAR, Zaman R, McDermitt DJ, Bretscher A. ARHGAP18-ezrin functions as an autoregulatory module for RhoA in the assembly of distinct actin-based structures. eLife 2024; 13:e83526. [PMID: 38193818 PMCID: PMC10830128 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of different actin-based structures is largely regulated by Rho GTPases through specific effectors. We use the apical aspect of epithelial cells as a model system to investigate how RhoA is locally regulated to contribute to two distinct adjacent actin-based structures. Assembly of the non-muscle myosin-2 filaments in the terminal web is dependent on RhoA activity, and assembly of the microvilli also requires active RhoA for phosphorylation and activation of ezrin. We show that the RhoGAP, ARHGAP18, is localized by binding active microvillar ezrin, and this interaction enhances ARHGAP18's RhoGAP activity. We present a model where ezrin-ARHGAP18 acts as a negative autoregulatory module to locally reduce RhoA activity in microvilli. Consistent with this model, loss of ARHGAP18 results in disruption of the distinction between microvilli and the terminal web including aberrant assembly of myosin-2 filaments forming inside microvilli. Thus, ARHGAP18, through its recruitment and activation by ezrin, fine-tunes the local level of RhoA to allow for the appropriate distribution of actin-based structures between the microvilli and terminal web. As RhoGAPs vastly outnumber Rho GTPases, this may represent a general mechanism whereby individual Rho effectors drive specific actin-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Cameron AR Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - David J McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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8
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Piibor J, Waldmann A, Dissanayake K, Andronowska A, Ivask M, Prasadani M, Kavak A, Kodithuwakku S, Fazeli A. Uterine Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Proteome Is Altered During the Estrous Cycle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100642. [PMID: 37678639 PMCID: PMC10641272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine environment is tightly and finely regulated via various signaling pathways mediated through endocrine, exocrine, autocrine, juxtacrine, and paracrine mechanisms. In utero signaling processes are paramount for normal and abnormal physiology which involves cell to cell, cells to gametes, cells to embryo, and even interkingdom communications due to presence of uterine microbiota. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the uterine fluid (UF) and their cargo components are known to be mediators of in utero signaling and communications. Interestingly, the changes in UF-EV proteome during the bovine estrous cycle and the effects of these differentially enriched proteins on embryo development are yet to be fully discovered. In this study, shotgun quantitative proteomics-based mass spectrometry was employed to compare UF-EV proteomes at day 0, 7, and 16 of the estrous cycle to understand the estrous cycle-dependent dynamics. Furthermore, different phase UF-EVs were supplemented in embryo cultures to evaluate their impact on embryo development. One hundred fifty-nine UF-EV proteins were differentially enriched at different time points indicating the UF-EV proteome is cycle-dependent. Overall, many identified pathways are important for normal uterine functions, early embryo development, and its nutritional needs, such as antioxidant activity, cell morphology and cycle, cellular homeostasis, cell adhesion, and carbohydrate metabolic process. Furthermore, the luteal phase UF-EVs supplementation increased in vitro blastocyst rates from 25.0 ± 5.9% to 41.0 ± 4.0% (p ≤ 0.05). Our findings highlight the importance of bovine UF-EV in uterine communications throughout the estrous cycle. Interestingly, comparison of hormone-synchronized EV proteomes to natural cycle UF-EVs indicated shift of signaling. Finally, UF-EVs can be used to improve embryo production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Piibor
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Waldmann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Keerthie Dissanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marilin Ivask
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ants Kavak
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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9
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Huang D, Chen S, Xiong D, Wang H, Zhu L, Wei Y, Li Y, Zou S. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Working with the Cytoskeleton and Intracellular Organelles to Mediate Mechanotransduction. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1511-1532. [PMID: 37196113 PMCID: PMC10529762 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical environments; therefore, it is important that they are able to sense and adapt to changes. It is known that the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in mediating and generating extra- and intracellular forces and that mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which cells integrate mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood. In this review, we first discuss the interaction between mitochondrial dynamics and cytoskeletal components, followed by the annotation of membranous organelles intimately related to mitochondrial dynamic events. Finally, we discuss the evidence supporting the participation of mitochondria in mechanotransduction and corresponding alterations in cellular energy conditions. Notable advances in bioenergetics and biomechanics suggest that the mechanotransduction system composed of mitochondria, the cytoskeletal system, and membranous organelles is regulated through mitochondrial dynamics, which may be a promising target for further investigation and precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Nyga A, Plak K, Kräter M, Urbanska M, Kim K, Guck J, Baum B. Dynamics of cell rounding during detachment. iScience 2023; 26:106696. [PMID: 37168576 PMCID: PMC10165398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cells undergo repeated shape changes, for example by rounding up and respreading as they divide. Cell rounding can be also observed in interphase cells, for example when cancer cells switch from a mesenchymal to an ameboid mode of cell migration. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how interphase cells round up. In this article, we demonstrate that a partial loss of substrate adhesion triggers actomyosin-dependent cortical remodeling and ERM activation, which facilitates further adhesion loss causing cells to round. Although the path of rounding in this case superficially resembles mitotic rounding in involving ERM phosphorylation, retraction fiber formation, and cortical remodeling downstream of ROCK, it does not require Ect2. This work provides insights into the way partial loss of adhesion actives cortical remodeling to drive cell detachment from the substrate. This is important to consider when studying the mechanics of cells in suspension, for example using methods like real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nyga
- Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Katarzyna Plak
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Urbanska
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Buzz Baum
- Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Yeh AR, Hoeprich GJ, Goode BL, Martin AC. Bitesize bundles F-actin and influences actin remodeling in syncytial Drosophila embryo development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537198. [PMID: 37131807 PMCID: PMC10153138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin networks undergo rearrangements that influence cell and tissue shape. Actin network assembly and organization is regulated in space and time by a host of actin binding proteins. The Drosophila Synaptotagmin-like protein, Bitesize (Btsz), is known to organize actin at epithelial cell apical junctions in a manner that depends on its interaction with the actin-binding protein, Moesin. Here, we showed that Btsz functions in actin reorganization at earlier, syncytial stages of Drosophila embryo development. Btsz was required for the formation of stable metaphase pseudocleavage furrows that prevented spindle collisions and nuclear fallout prior to cellularization. While previous studies focused on Btsz isoforms containing the Moesin Binding Domain (MBD), we found that isoforms lacking the MBD also function in actin remodeling. Consistent with this, we found that the C-terminal half of BtszB cooperatively binds to and bundles F-actin, suggesting a direct mechanism for Synaptotagmin-like proteins regulating actin organization during animal development.
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12
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Kobori T, Ito Y, Sawada Y, Urashima Y, Ito T, Obata T. Cellular Membrane Localization of Innate Immune Checkpoint Molecule CD47 Is Regulated by Radixin in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041117. [PMID: 37189735 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited potent antitumor efficacy against multiple solid malignancies but limited efficacy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cluster of differentiation (CD) 47, a member of the immunoglobulin G superfamily, is overexpressed in the surface membrane of PDAC and independently correlates with a worse clinical prognosis. Furthermore, CD47 functions as a dominant macrophage checkpoint, providing a potent "do not eat me" signal to enable cancer cells to evade the innate immune system. Thus, the blockade of CD47 is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for PDAC. In this study, we determined whether ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family members, which post-translationally modulate the cellular membrane localization of numerous transmembrane proteins by crosslinking with the actin cytoskeleton, contribute to the cellular membrane localization of CD47 in KP-2 cells derived from human PDAC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that CD47 and ezrin/radixin were highly co-localized in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, gene silencing of radixin but not ezrin dramatically decreased the cell surface expression of CD47 but had little effects on its mRNA level. Furthermore, CD47 and radixin interacted with each other, as determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. In conclusion, radixin regulates the cellular membrane localization of CD47 as a scaffold protein in KP-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yui Ito
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yuka Sawada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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13
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Vedula P, Fina ME, Bell BA, Nikonov SS, Kashina A, Dong DW. β -actin is essential for structural integrity and physiological function of the retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534392. [PMID: 37034790 PMCID: PMC10081178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lack of non-muscle β -actin gene (Actb) leads to early embryonic lethality in mice, however mice with β - to γ -actin replacement develop normally and show no detectable phenotypes at young age. Here we investigated the effect of this replacement in the retina. During aging, these mice have accelerated de-generation of retinal structure and function, including elongated microvilli and defective mitochondria of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), abnormally bulging photoreceptor outer segments (OS) accompanied by reduced transducin concentration and light sensitivity, and accumulation of autofluorescent microglia cells in the subretinal space between RPE and OS. These defects are accompanied by changes in the F-actin binding of several key actin interacting partners, including ezrin, myosin, talin, and vinculin known to play central roles in modulating actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion and mediating the phagocytosis of OS. Our data show that β -actin protein is essential for maintaining normal retinal structure and function.
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14
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Tabrizi MEA, Gupta JK, Gross SR. Ezrin and Its Phosphorylated Thr567 Form Are Key Regulators of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Motility and Invasion. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050711. [PMID: 36899847 PMCID: PMC10000480 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein ezrin has been shown to enhance cancer cell motility and invasion leading to malignant behaviours in solid tumours, but a similar regulatory function in the early physiological reproduction state is, however, much less clear. We speculated that ezrin may play a key role in promoting first-trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration/invasion. Ezrin, as well as its Thr567 phosphorylation, were found in all trophoblasts studied, whether primary cells or lines. Interestingly, the proteins were seen in a distinct cellular localisation in long, extended protrusions in specific regions of cells. Loss-of-function experiments were carried out in EVT HTR8/SVneo and Swan71, as well as primary cells, using either ezrin siRNAs or the phosphorylation Thr567 inhibitor NSC668394, resulting in significant reductions in both cell motility and cellular invasion, albeit with differences between the cells used. Our analysis further demonstrated that an increase in focal adhesion was, in part, able to explain some of the molecular mechanisms involved. Data collected using human placental sections and protein lysates further showed that ezrin expression was significantly higher during the early stage of placentation and, importantly, clearly seen in the EVT anchoring columns, further supporting the potential role of ezrin in regulating migration and invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janesh K. Gupta
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0121-204-3467
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15
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Li B, Huang X, Wei J, Huang H, Liu Z, Hu J, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Cui Y, Chen Z, Guo X, Huang Q. Role of moesin and its phosphorylation in VE-cadherin expression and distribution in endothelial adherens junctions. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110466. [PMID: 36100057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is an important element of adherens junctions (AJs) between endothelial cells. Its expression and proper distribution are critical for AJ formation and vascular integrity. Our previous studies have demonstrated that moesin phosphorylation mediated the hyper-permeability in endothelial monolayer and microvessels. However, the role of moesin and its phosphorylation in VE-cadherin expression and distribution is not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo, expression of VE-cadherin was significantly reduced in retina and other various tissues in moesin knock out mice (Msn-/Y). In vitro, by regulating moesin expression with siRNA and adenovirus transfection, we verified that moesin has an effect on VE-cadherin expression in HUVECs, while transcription factor KLF4 may participate in this process. In addition, treatment of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced abnormal distribution of VE-cadherin in retinal microvessels from C57BL/6 wild type mice, and in vitro studies indicated that moesin Thr558 phosphorylation had a critical role in AGE-induced VE-cadherin internalization from cytomembrane to cytoplasm. Further investigation demonstrated that the inhibition of F-actin polymerization with cytochalasin D could abolish AGE- and Thr558 phosphor-moesin-mediated VE-cadherin internalization. CONCLUSION This study suggests that moesin regulates VE-cadherin expression through KLF4 and the state of moesin phosphorylation at Thr558 affects the integrity of VE-cadherin-based AJs. Thr558 phosphor-moesin mediates AGE-induced VE-cadherin internalization through cytoskeleton reassembling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Shunde, China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Korkmazhan E, Dunn AR. The membrane-actin linker ezrin acts as a sliding anchor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2779. [PMID: 35930643 PMCID: PMC9355349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein linkages to filamentous (F)-actin provide the cell membrane with mechanical stability and support intricate membrane architectures. However, the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid changes in shape during cell motility and other processes. The molecular mechanisms that generate a mechanically robust yet fluid connection between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here, we adapted a single-molecule optical trap assay to examine how the prototypical membrane-actin linker ezrin acts to anchor F-actin to the cell membrane. We find that ezrin forms a complex that slides along F-actin over micrometer distances while resisting detachment by forces oriented perpendicular to the filament axis. The ubiquity of ezrin and analogous proteins suggests that sliding anchors such as ezrin may constitute an important but overlooked element in the construction of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Pillay LM, Yano JJ, Davis AE, Butler MG, Ezeude MO, Park JS, Barnes KA, Reyes VL, Castranova D, Gore AV, Swift MR, Iben JR, Kenton MI, Stratman AN, Weinstein BM. In vivo dissection of Rhoa function in vascular development using zebrafish. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:411-434. [PMID: 35320450 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small monomeric GTPase RHOA acts as a master regulator of signal transduction cascades by activating effectors of cellular signaling, including the Rho-associated protein kinases ROCK1/2. Previous in vitro cell culture studies suggest that RHOA can regulate many critical aspects of vascular endothelial cell (EC) biology, including focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and angiogenesis. However, the specific in vivo roles of RHOA during vascular development and homeostasis are still not well understood. In this study, we examine the in vivo functions of RHOA in regulating vascular development and integrity in zebrafish. We use zebrafish RHOA-ortholog (rhoaa) mutants, transgenic embryos expressing wild type, dominant negative, or constitutively active forms of rhoaa in ECs, pharmacological inhibitors of RHOA and ROCK1/2, and Rock1 and Rock2a/b dgRNP-injected zebrafish embryos to study the in vivo consequences of RHOA gain- and loss-of-function in the vascular endothelium. Our findings document roles for RHOA in vascular integrity, developmental angiogenesis, and vascular morphogenesis in vivo, showing that either too much or too little RHOA activity leads to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Yano
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 440 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan O Ezeude
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Barnes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa L Reyes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine I Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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Kawaguchi K, Asano S. Pathophysiological Roles of Actin-Binding Scaffold Protein, Ezrin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063246. [PMID: 35328667 PMCID: PMC8952289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is one of the members of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins. It was originally discovered as an actin-binding protein in the microvilli structure about forty years ago. Since then, it has been revealed as a key protein with functions in a variety of fields including cell migration, survival, and signal transduction, as well as functioning as a structural component. Ezrin acts as a cross-linker of membrane proteins or phospholipids in the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. It also functions as a platform for signaling molecules at the cell surface. Moreover, ezrin is regarded as an important target protein in cancer diagnosis and therapy because it is a key protein involved in cancer progression and metastasis, and its high expression is linked to poor survival in many cancers. Small molecule inhibitors of ezrin have been developed and investigated as candidate molecules that suppress cancer metastasis. Here, we wish to comprehensively review the roles of ezrin from the pathophysiological points of view.
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19
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Korkmazhan E, Kennard AS, Garzon-Coral C, Vasquez CG, Dunn AR. Tether-guided lamellipodia enable rapid wound healing. Biophys J 2022; 121:1029-1037. [PMID: 35167863 PMCID: PMC8943750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion between animal cells and the underlying extracellular matrix is challenged during wounding, cell division, and a variety of pathological processes. How cells recover adhesion in the immediate aftermath of detachment from the extracellular matrix remains incompletely understood, due in part to technical limitations. Here, we used acute chemical and mechanical perturbations to examine how epithelial cells respond to partial delamination events. In both cases, we found that cells extended lamellipodia to establish readhesion within seconds of detachment. These lamellipodia were guided by sparse membrane tethers whose tips remained attached to their original points of adhesion, yielding lamellipodia that appear to be qualitatively distinct from those observed during cell migration. In vivo measurements in the context of a zebrafish wound assay showed a similar behavior, in which membrane tethers guided rapidly extending lamellipodia. In the case of mechanical wounding events, cells selectively extended tether-guided lamellipodia in the direction opposite of the pulling force, resulting in the rapid reestablishment of contact with the substrate. We suggest that membrane tether-guided lamellipodial respreading may represent a general mechanism to reestablish tissue integrity in the face of acute disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew S Kennard
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carlos Garzon-Coral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Claudia G Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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20
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Ezrin and Radixin Differentially Modulate Cell Surface Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1 in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma KP-2 Cells. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have not been successful in treating patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite the critical role of PD-L1 in various types of cancers, the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression on the cell surface of PDAC is poorly understood. Therefore, uncovering potential modulators of cell surface localisation of PD-L1 may provide a new strategy to improve ICB therapy in patients with PDAC. Here, we examined the role of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family scaffold proteins that crosslink transmembrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton in the surface localisation of PD-L1 in KP-2 cells, a human PDAC cell line. Our results demonstrated the abundant protein expression of PD-L1, ezrin, and radixin, but not moesin, as well as their colocalisation in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation analysis detected the molecular interaction of PD-L1 with ezrin and radixin. Moreover, gene silencing of ezrin moderately decreased the mRNA and cell surface expression of PD-L1, while that of radixin greatly decreased the surface expression of PD-L1 without altering the mRNA levels. Thus, radixin and ezrin differentially modulate the cell surface localisation of PD-L1 in KP-2 cells, highlighting a potential therapeutic target to improve the current ICB therapy in PDAC.
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21
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Miller MR, McDermitt DJ, Sauvanet C, Lombardo AJ, Zaman R, Bretscher A. The RabGAPs EPI64A and EPI64B regulate the apical structure of epithelial cells †. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar8. [PMID: 34757852 PMCID: PMC8886810 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the related TBC/RabGAPs EPI64A and EPI64B and show that they function to organize the apical aspect of epithelial cells. EPI64A binds the scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1, which itself binds active ezrin in epithelial cell microvilli. Epithelial cells additionally express EPI64B that also localizes to microvilli. However, EPI64B does not bind EBP50 and both proteins are shown to have a microvillar localization domain that spans the RabGAP domains. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to inactivate expression of each protein individually or both in Jeg-3 and Caco2 cells. In Jeg-3 cells, loss of EPI64B resulted in a reduction of apical microvilli, and a further reduction was seen in the double knockout, mostly likely due to misregulation of Rab8 and Rab35. In addition, apical junctions were partially disrupted in cells lacking EPI64A and accentuated in the double knockout. In Caco2 loss of EPI64B resulted in wavy junctions, whereas loss of both EPI64A and EPI64B had a severe phenotype often resulting in cells with a stellate apical morphology. In the knockout cells, the basal region of the cell remained unchanged, so EPI64A and EPI64B specifically localize to and regulate the morphology of the apical domain of polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Miller
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
| | - David J McDermitt
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
| | - Cecile Sauvanet
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
| | - Andrew J Lombardo
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
| | - Riasat Zaman
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850
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22
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Contribution of Ezrin on the Cell Surface Plasma Membrane Localization of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100963. [PMID: 34681187 PMCID: PMC8540387 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have improved survival in patients with conventional single agent chemotherapy-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). However, many patients are resistant to ICB therapy, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Unraveling the regulatory mechanism for PD-L1 expression may provide a new strategy to improve ICB therapy in patients with GTN. Here, we investigated whether the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family, i.e., a group of scaffold proteins that crosslink actin cytoskeletons with several plasma membrane proteins, plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression using JEG-3 cells, a representative human choriocarcinoma cell line. Our results demonstrate mRNA and protein expressions of ezrin, radixin, and PD-L1, as well as their colocalization in the plasma membrane. Intriguingly, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PD-L1 interacted with both ezrin and radixin and the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, gene silencing of ezrin but not radixin strongly diminished the cell surface expression of PD-L1 without altering the mRNA level. These results indicate that ezrin may contribute to the cell surface localization of PD-L1 as a scaffold protein in JEG-3 cells, highlighting a potential therapeutic target to improve the current ICB therapy in GTN.
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23
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Tanaka C, Kobori T, Tameishi M, Urashima Y, Ito T, Obata T. Ezrin Modulates the Cell Surface Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5648. [PMID: 34577118 PMCID: PMC8469114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells employ programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein that binds to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and is highly expressed in various cancers, including cervical carcinoma, to abolish T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Despite a key role of PD-L1 in various cancer cell types, the regulatory mechanism for PD-L1 expression is largely unknown. Understanding this mechanism could provide a novel strategy for cervical cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the influence of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family scaffold proteins, crosslinking the actin cytoskeleton and certain plasma membrane proteins, on the expression of PD-L1 in HeLa cells. Our results showed that all proteins were expressed at mRNA and protein levels and that all ERM proteins were highly colocalized with PD-L1 in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation assay results demonstrated that PD-L1 interacted with ERM as well as actin cytoskeleton proteins. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin, but not radixin and moesin, remarkably decreased the protein expression of PD-L1 without affecting its mRNA expression. In conclusion, ezrin may function as a scaffold protein for PD-L1; regulate PD-L1 protein expression, possibly via post-translational modification in HeLa cells; and serve as a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer, improving the current immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan; (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
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Yu LY, Tseng TJ, Lin HC, Hsu CL, Lu TX, Tsai CJ, Lin YC, Chu I, Peng CT, Chen HJ, Tsai FC. Synthetic dysmobility screen unveils an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system driving cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg2106. [PMID: 34321207 PMCID: PMC8318371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrating signals is essential for cell survival, leading to the concept of synthetic lethality. However, how signaling is integrated to control cell migration remains unclear. By conducting a "two-hit" screen, we revealed the synergistic reduction of cell migration when serine-threonine kinase 40 (STK40) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were simultaneously suppressed. Single-cell analyses showed that STK40 knockdown reduced cell motility and coordination by strengthening focal adhesion (FA) complexes. Furthermore, STK40 knockdown reduced the stability of yes-associated protein (YAP) and subsequently decreased YAP transported into the nucleus, while MAPK inhibition further weakened YAP activities in the nucleus to disturb FA remodeling. Together, we unveiled an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system regulating cell migration and introduced "synthetic dysmobility" as a novel strategy to collaboratively control cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yea Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chao Lin
- Department of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lin Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chia-Jung Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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