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Pillay LM, Yano JJ, Davis AE, Butler MG, Ezeude MO, Park JS, Barnes KA, Reyes VL, Castranova D, Gore AV, Swift MR, Iben JR, Kenton MI, Stratman AN, Weinstein BM. In vivo dissection of Rhoa function in vascular development using zebrafish. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:411-434. [PMID: 35320450 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small monomeric GTPase RHOA acts as a master regulator of signal transduction cascades by activating effectors of cellular signaling, including the Rho-associated protein kinases ROCK1/2. Previous in vitro cell culture studies suggest that RHOA can regulate many critical aspects of vascular endothelial cell (EC) biology, including focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and angiogenesis. However, the specific in vivo roles of RHOA during vascular development and homeostasis are still not well understood. In this study, we examine the in vivo functions of RHOA in regulating vascular development and integrity in zebrafish. We use zebrafish RHOA-ortholog (rhoaa) mutants, transgenic embryos expressing wild type, dominant negative, or constitutively active forms of rhoaa in ECs, pharmacological inhibitors of RHOA and ROCK1/2, and Rock1 and Rock2a/b dgRNP-injected zebrafish embryos to study the in vivo consequences of RHOA gain- and loss-of-function in the vascular endothelium. Our findings document roles for RHOA in vascular integrity, developmental angiogenesis, and vascular morphogenesis in vivo, showing that either too much or too little RHOA activity leads to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Yano
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 440 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan O Ezeude
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Barnes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa L Reyes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine I Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Abstract
We describe experiments and simulations to investigate the dynamics of a ball bouncing on a rough vibrating surface. Directly measuring the impulse due to each bounce we find that the frictional interaction with the surface is strongly enhanced near to the side wall. The enhanced dissipation arises as a consequence of the coupling between the collision, rotation and surface friction. This dissipation, which for our experimental conditions was estimated to be up to three times larger than the more obvious inelastic collision, can result in an enhanced probability density near boundaries and particle–particle spatial correlations. Our findings imply that the effective particle collision properties cannot be considered independently of the surface’s frictional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M R Swift
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M I Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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3
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Baldwin KA, de Fouchier JB, Atkinson PS, Hill RJA, Swift MR, Fairhurst DJ. Magnetic Levitation Stabilized by Streaming Fluid Flows. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:064502. [PMID: 30141657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.064502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the ubiquitous laboratory magnetic stirrer provides a simple passive method of magnetic levitation, in which the so-called "flea" levitates indefinitely. We study the onset of levitation and quantify the flea's motion (a combination of vertical oscillation, spinning and "waggling"), finding excellent agreement with a mechanical analytical model. The waggling motion drives recirculating flow, producing a centripetal reaction force that stabilized the flea. Our findings have implications for the locomotion of artificial swimmers and the development of bidirectional microfluidic pumps, and they provide an alternative to sophisticated commercial levitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - J-B de Fouchier
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - P S Atkinson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - R J A Hill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M R Swift
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D J Fairhurst
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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Jung HM, Castranova D, Swift MR, Pham VN, Venero Galanternik M, Isogai S, Butler MG, Mulligan TS, Weinstein BM. Development of the larval lymphatic system in zebrafish. Development 2017; 144:2070-2081. [PMID: 28506987 PMCID: PMC5482986 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is a hierarchically organized complex network essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune trafficking and absorption of dietary fats in the human body. Despite its importance, the assembly of the lymphatic network is still not fully understood. The zebrafish is a powerful model organism that enables study of lymphatic vessel development using high-resolution imaging and sophisticated genetic and experimental manipulation. Although several studies have described early lymphatic development in the fish, lymphatic development at later stages has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we generated a new Tg(mrc1a:egfp)y251 transgenic zebrafish that uses a mannose receptor, C type 1 (mrc1a) promoter to drive strong EGFP expression in lymphatic vessels at all stages of development and in adult zebrafish. We used this line to describe the assembly of the major vessels of the trunk lymphatic vascular network, including the later-developing collateral cardinal, spinal, superficial lateral and superficial intersegmental lymphatics. Our results show that major trunk lymphatic vessels are conserved in the zebrafish, and provide a thorough and complete description of trunk lymphatic vessel assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Van N Pham
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sumio Isogai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy S Mulligan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Castranova D, Davis AE, Lo BD, Miller MF, Paukstelis PJ, Swift MR, Pham VN, Torres-Vázquez J, Bell K, Shaw KM, Kamei M, Weinstein BM. Aminoacyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Deficiency Promotes Angiogenesis via the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:655-62. [PMID: 26821951 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the mechanisms regulating normal and pathological angiogenesis is of great scientific and clinical interest. In this report, we show that mutations in 2 different aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases, threonyl tRNA synthetase (tars(y58)) or isoleucyl tRNA synthetase (iars(y68)), lead to similar increased branching angiogenesis in developing zebrafish. APPROACH AND RESULTS The unfolded protein response pathway is activated by aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase deficiencies, and we show that unfolded protein response genes atf4, atf6, and xbp1, as well as the key proangiogenic ligand vascular endothelial growth factor (vegfaa), are all upregulated in tars(y58) and iars(y68) mutants. Finally, we show that the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-activating transcription factor 4 arm of the unfolded protein response pathway is necessary for both the elevated vegfaa levels and increased angiogenesis observed in tars(y58) mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress acts as a proangiogenic signal via unfolded protein response pathway-dependent upregulation of vegfaa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castranova
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Andrew E Davis
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Brigid D Lo
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Mayumi F Miller
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Paul J Paukstelis
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Matthew R Swift
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Van N Pham
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Kameha Bell
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Kenna M Shaw
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Makoto Kamei
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.)
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- From the Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.C., A.E.D., B.D.L., M.F.M., M.R.S., V.N.P., J.T.-V., K.B., K.M.S., M.K., B.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park (P.J.P.).
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Swift MR, Pham VN, Castranova D, Bell K, Poole RJ, Weinstein BM. SoxF factors and Notch regulate nr2f2 gene expression during venous differentiation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2014; 390:116-25. [PMID: 24699544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initial embryonic determination of artery or vein identity is regulated by genetic factors that work in concert to specify the endothelial cell׳s (EC) fate, giving rise to two structurally unique components of the circulatory loop. The Shh/VEGF/Notch pathway is critical for arterial specification, while the orphan receptor nr2f2 (COUP-TFII) has been implicated in venous specification. Studies in mice have shown that nr2f2 is expressed in venous but not arterial ECs, and that it preferentially induces markers of venous cell fate. We have examined the role of nr2f2 during early arterial-venous development in the zebrafish trunk. We show that expression of a subset of markers of venous endothelial identity requires nr2f2, while the expression of nr2f2 itself requires sox7 and sox18 gene function. However, while sox7 and sox18 are expressed in both the cardinal vein and the dorsal aorta during early trunk development, nr2f2 is expressed only in the cardinal vein. We show that Notch signaling activity present in the dorsal aorta suppresses expression of nr2f2, restricting nr2f2-dependent promotion of venous differentiation to the cardinal vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Swift
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Van N Pham
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kameha Bell
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Gore AV, Swift MR, Cha YR, Lo B, McKinney MC, Li W, Castranova D, Davis A, Mukouyama YS, Weinstein BM. Rspo1/Wnt signaling promotes angiogenesis via Vegfc/Vegfr3. Development 2011; 138:4875-86. [PMID: 22007135 DOI: 10.1242/dev.068460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that a novel Rspo1-Wnt-Vegfc-Vegfr3 signaling pathway plays an essential role in developmental angiogenesis. A mutation in R-spondin1 (rspo1), a Wnt signaling regulator, was uncovered during a forward-genetic screen for angiogenesis-deficient mutants in the zebrafish. Embryos lacking rspo1 or the proposed rspo1 receptor kremen form primary vessels by vasculogenesis, but are defective in subsequent angiogenesis. Endothelial cell-autonomous inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling also blocks angiogenesis in vivo. The pro-angiogenic effects of Rspo1/Wnt signaling are mediated by Vegfc/Vegfr3(Flt4) signaling. Vegfc expression is dependent on Rspo1 and Wnt, and Vegfc and Vegfr3 are necessary to promote angiogenesis downstream from Rspo1-Wnt. As all of these molecules are expressed by the endothelium during sprouting stages, these results suggest that Rspo1-Wnt-VegfC-Vegfr3 signaling plays a crucial role as an endothelial-autonomous permissive cue for developmental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6B/3B309, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
The major arteries and veins of the vertebrate circulatory system are formed early in embryonic development, before the onset of circulation, following de novo aggregation of "angioblast" progenitors in a process called vasculogenesis. Initial embryonic determination of artery or vein identity is regulated by variety of genetic factors that work in concert to specify endothelial cell fate, giving rise to 2 distinct components of the circulatory loop possessing unique structural characteristics. Work in multiple in vivo animal model systems has led to a detailed examination of the interacting partners that determine arterial and venous specification. We discuss the hierarchical arrangement of many signaling molecules, including Hedgehog (Hh), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, and chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) that promote or inhibit divergent pathways of endothelial cell fate. Elucidation of the functional role of these genetic determinants of blood vessel specification together with the epigenetic factors involved in subsequent modification of arterial-venous identity will allow for potential new therapeutic targets for vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Swift
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Swift MR, Tassi E, Stylianou DC, Gibby KA, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Effect of FGF-binding protein 3 on vascular permeability. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28329-37. [PMID: 18669637 PMCID: PMC2568920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGF-BP1 is BP1) is involved in the regulation of embryonic development, tumor growth, and angiogenesis by mobilizing endogenous FGFs from their extracellular matrix storage. Here we describe a new member of the FGF-BP family, human BP3. We show that the hBP3 protein is secreted from cells, binds to FGF2 in vitro and in intact cells, and inhibits FGF2 binding to heparin. To determine the function of hBP3 in vivo, hBP3 was transiently expressed in chicken embryos and resulted in > 50% lethality within 24 h because of vascular leakage. The onset of vascular permeability was monitored by recording the extravasation kinetics of FITC-labeled 40-kDa dextran microperfused into the vitelline vein of 3-day-old embryos. Vascular permeability increased as early as 8 h after expression of hBP3. The increased vascular permeability caused by hBP3 was prevented by treatment of embryos with PD173074, a selective FGFR kinase inhibitor. Interestingly, a C-terminal 66-amino acid fragment (C66) of hBP3, which contains the predicted FGF binding domain, still inhibited binding of FGF2 to heparin similar to full-length hBP3. However, expression of the C66 fragment did not increase vascular permeability on its own, but required the administration of exogenous FGF2 protein. We conclude that the FGF binding domain and the heparin binding domain are necessary for the hBP3 interaction with endogenous FGF and the activation of FGFR signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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10
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King PJ, Lopez-Alcaraz P, Pacheco-Martinez HA, Clement CP, Smith AJ, Swift MR. Instabilities in vertically vibrated fluid-grain systems. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2007; 22:219-26. [PMID: 17225933 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2007-00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
When a bed of fluid-immersed fine grains is exposed to vertical vibration a wealth of phenomena may be observed. At low frequencies a horizontal bed geometry is generally unstable and the bed breaks spatial symmetry, acquiring a tilt. At the same time it undergoes asymmetric granular convection. Fine binary mixtures may separate completely into layers or patterns of stripes. The separated regions may exhibit instabilities in which they undergo wave-like motion or exhibit quasi-periodic oscillations. We briefly review these and a number of related behaviours, identifying the physical mechanisms behind each. Finally, we discuss the magneto-vibratory separation of binary mixtures which results from exposing each component to a different effective gravity and describe the influence of a background fluid on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J King
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Swift MR, Gordon HP, Kloot WG. OPPOSITE MECHANICAL RESPONSES OF TONIC MUSCLES TO ACETYLCHOLINE STIMULATION IN NON-IONIC AND IONIC SOLUTIONS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 46:1415-21. [PMID: 16590766 PMCID: PMC223059 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.46.10.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M R Swift
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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12
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Tassi E, Henke RT, Bowden ET, Swift MR, Kodack DP, Kuo AH, Maitra A, Wellstein A. Expression of a fibroblast growth factor-binding protein during the development of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and colon. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1191-8. [PMID: 16424058 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The activity of growth factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP1) as a chaperone molecule, which enhances the biological functions of FGFs by releasing FGFs from the extracellular matrix. Here, we characterize the frequency and pattern of FGF-BP1 expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. For this, we generated monoclonal antibodies that detect FGF-BP1 protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and applied in situ hybridization to detect FGF-BP1 mRNA in adjacent tissue sections. FGF-BP1 protein and mRNA were found up-regulated (>70% positive) in parallel (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001) in colon adenoma (n = 9) as well as primary (n = 46) and metastatic (n = 71) colorectal cancers relative to normal colon epithelia (all P < 0.0001, versus normal). Similarly, pancreatitis (n = 17), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 80), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 67) showed a significant up-regulation of FGF-BP1 compared with normal pancreas (n = 42; all P < 0.0001, relative to normal). Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP1 is neutralized by one of the antibodies, suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting. We propose that the up-regulation of the secreted FGF-BP1 protein during initiation of pancreas and colon neoplasia could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tassi
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Xie B, Tassi E, Swift MR, McDonnell K, Bowden ET, Wang S, Ueda Y, Tomita Y, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Identification of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-interacting Domain in a Secreted FGF-binding Protein by Phage Display. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:1137-44. [PMID: 16257968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510754200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-binding proteins (FGF-BP) are secreted carrier proteins that release fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) from the extracellular matrix storage and thus enhance FGF activity. Here we have mapped the interaction domain between human FGF-BP1 and FGF-2. For this, we generated T7 phage display libraries of N-terminally and C-terminally truncated FGF-BP1 fragments that were then panned against immobilized FGF-2. From this panning, a C-terminal fragment of FGF-BP1 (amino acids 193-234) was identified as the minimum binding domain for FGF. As a recombinant protein, this C-terminal fragment binds to FGF-2 and enhances FGF-2-induced signaling in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and GM7373 endothelial cells, as well as mitogenesis and chemotaxis of NIH-3T3 cells. The FGF interaction domain in FGF-BP1 is distinct from the heparin-binding domain (amino acids 110-143), and homology modeling supports the notion of a distinct domain in the C terminus that is conserved across different species. This domain also contains conserved positioning of cysteine residues with the Cys-214/Cys-222 positions in the human protein predicted to participate in disulfide bridge formation. Phage display of a C214A mutation of FGF-BP1 reduced binding to FGF-2, indicating the functional significance of this disulfide bond. We concluded that the FGF interaction domain is contained in the C terminus of FGF-BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Tassi E, Al-Attar A, Aigner A, Swift MR, McDonnell K, Karavanov A, Wellstein A. Enhancement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity by an FGF-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40247-53. [PMID: 11509569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104933200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) 1 is a secreted protein that can bind fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1 and 2. These FGFs are typically stored on heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix in an inactive form, and it has been proposed that FGF-BP1 functions as a chaperone molecule that can mobilize locally stored FGF and present the growth factor to its tyrosine kinase receptor. FGF-BP1 is up-regulated in squamous cell, colon, and breast cancers and can act as an angiogenic switch during malignant progression of epithelial cells. For the present studies, we focused on FGF-1 and -2 and investigated interactions with recombinant human FGF-BP1 protein as well as effects on signal transduction, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. We show that recombinant FGF-BP1 specifically binds FGF-2 and that this binding is inhibited by FGF-1, heparan sulfate, and heparinoids. Furthermore, FGF-BP1 enhances FGF-1- and FGF-2-dependent proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and FGF-2-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 phosphorylation. Finally, in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay, FGF-BP1 synergizes with exogenously added FGF-2. We conclude that FGF-BP1 binds directly to FGF-1 and FGF-2 and positively modulates the biological activities of these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tassi
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA
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King PJ, Swift MR, Benedict KA, Routledge A. Surface stability of granular systems under horizontal and vertical vibration: the applicability of a coefficient of friction. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:6982-6988. [PMID: 11102054 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conditions under which the surface of a granular pile becomes unstable to vibrations. Three stability boundaries are identified, which depend upon the relative phase of the driving forces and the angle of the prepared slope. The experimental findings can be interpreted within the context of a Coulomb friction model and used to define an effective coefficient of friction. For up-hill motion we find that the coefficient of friction depends strongly on the slope angle and that, in general, it requires less vibration to transport grains uphill than would be otherwise expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- PJ King
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Cornell SJ, Swift MR, Bray AJ. Cornell et al. reply:. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:197. [PMID: 11015870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SJ Cornell
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
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Swift MR, Bray AJ. Survival-time distribution for inelastic collapse. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 59:R4721-4. [PMID: 11969503 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.r4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
In a recent publication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1142 (1998)] it was argued that a randomly forced particle that collides inelastically with a boundary can undergo inelastic collapse and come to rest in a finite time. Here we discuss the survival probability for the inelastic collapse transition. It is found that the collapse-time distribution behaves asymptotically as a power law in time, and that the exponent governing this decay is nonuniversal. An approximate calculation of the collapse-time exponent confirms this behavior and shows how inelastic collapse can be viewed as a generalized persistence phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Swift
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Swift MR, Orlandini E, Osborn WR, Yeomans JM. Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid-gas and binary fluid systems. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:5041-5052. [PMID: 9965683 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Osborn WR, Orlandini E, Swift MR, Yeomans JM, Banavar JR. Lattice Boltzmann study of hydrodynamic spinodal decomposition. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:4031-4034. [PMID: 10059797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Maritan A, Cieplak M, Swift MR, Banavar JR. Spin-flip avalanches and dynamics of first order phase transitions. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 72:946. [PMID: 10056576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Stella AL, Swift MR, Amar JG, Einstein TL, Cole MW, Banavar JR. Novel critical behavior in inhomogeneous systems. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:3818-3821. [PMID: 10055081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Maritan A, Swift MR, Cieplak M, Chan MH, Cole MW, Banavar JR. Ordering and phase transitions in random-field Ising systems. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:1821-1824. [PMID: 10044259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
The effects of single 10 mg oral doses of the antidepressant mianserin on psychomotor performance, subjective sedation and supine and standing blood pressure were compared in ten young and nine elderly healthy volunteers. Immediate and residual sedation following this subtherapeutic dose was readily detected in both groups. In contrast to previous studies with benzodiazepines, the sedation effect was not accentuated in the older subjects. Subjective awareness of sedation was significant in the young but not, however, in the elderly. "First-dose" postural hypotension, presumably due to post-synaptic alpha-blockade also occurred in young subjects only. Caution may be needed on initial dosage of mianserin in young individuals who drive or undertake skilled tasks and in the elderly who may be unaware of psychomotor impairment. The reported alpha 2 receptor selectivity of mianserin might explain the lack of postural effects in the elderly, and might constitute a potentially useful characteristic in the development of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Swift
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Kingston General Hospital, Hull, UK
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Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20:119-28. [PMID: 2864049 PMCID: PMC1400680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine hypnotic, loprazolam (1.0 mg orally), and the pharmacodynamic response to single oral doses (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg) have been compared in young and elderly healthy volunteers. No difference between the groups in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) or in the time to peak (tmax) was found, but the elimination half-life t1/2,z and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were significantly greater in the elderly group. The immediate effects of loprazolam on all three performance tests used (postural sway, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) and choice reaction time (CRT] and on subjective sedation tended to be more pronounced in the elderly subjects, though intersubject variability in response was high in both groups. The corresponding plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. The higher (1.0 mg) dosage was associated with significant residual (11 h) impairment of standing steadiness in the elderly subjects. No other hangover effects were observed. The results are compatible with previous evidence of increased 'sensitivity' to benzodiazepines in the elderly and suggest that a lower (0.5 mg) starting dose of loprazolam would be appropriate for older recipients. Further investigation would be necessary to establish whether clinically relevant accumulation of loprazolam occurs in the elderly following repeated dosage.
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Swift CG, Swift MR, Hamley J, Stevenson IH, Crooks J. Side-effect 'tolerance' in elderly long-term recipients of benzodiazepine hypnotics. Age Ageing 1984; 13:335-43. [PMID: 6440434 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/13.6.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of long-term benzodiazepine hypnotic therapy has been investigated in a group of elderly patients in the community; 220 receiving nitrazepam and 33 flurazepam. The estimated duration of therapy was as long as 15 years in some cases. More than half were taking doses greater than 5 mg and 15 mg, respectively, the majority on a regular nightly basis in accordance with the instructions on containers. The plasma concentrations of nitrazepam and the active desalkyl metabolite of flurazepam correlated positively with weight-related dose. In the case of desalkyl-flurazepam, but not nitrazepam, the levels were substantially higher than those previously reported in young individuals. There was sustained patient satisfaction with the effectiveness of the hypnotics and, despite the high plasma levels, little subjective or objective evidence of unwanted sedation, confusion or unsteadiness. The findings of the survey suggest the development of both pharmacodynamic tolerance to the unwanted sedative effects of these drugs and a degree of dependence in long-term recipients.
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Hecht BK, Berger CS, Hecht F, Swift MR. Lymphocyte culture failure due to toxic tubes. Am J Hum Genet 1982; 34:826-7. [PMID: 7124737 PMCID: PMC1685439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Abstract
Skin fibroblasts in culture, derived from four unrelated patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy, contain abnormally large amounts of material with the staining characteristics of acid mucopolysaccharide. These cells also differ from normal cells in their pattern of growth at a high density in culture.
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Abstract
A quantitative system has been developed for the study of transformation of human diploid fibroblasts in culture by two oncogenic viruses, SV40 and the E46 strain of adeno 7-SV40 "hybrid" virus. Seven of the eleven cell strains derived from human skin biopsies when infected with SV40 (10(9) tissue culture infective doses per milliliter) gave rise to transformed colonies with approximately the same frequency (0.03 percent). Two strains derived from patients with Fanconi's anemia, an autosomal recessive disease associated with a high incidence of chromosome abnormalities and spontaneous neoplasms, gave values more than ten times higher. Two strains from persons heterozygous for this gene were also considerably more susceptible to viral transformation.
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