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Arêdes DS, Rios T, Carvalho-Kelly LF, Braz V, Araripe LO, Bruno RV, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Ramos I, Gondim KC. Deficiency of Brummer lipase disturbs lipid mobilization and locomotion, and impairs reproduction due to defects in the eggshell ultrastructure in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159442. [PMID: 38042331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a hematophagous insect, which feeds on large and infrequent blood meals, and is a vector of trypanosomatids that cause Chagas disease. After feeding, lipids derived from blood meal are stored in the fat body as triacylglycerol, which is recruited under conditions of energy demand by lipolysis, where the first step is catalyzed by the Brummer lipase (Bmm), whose orthologue in mammals is the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Here, we investigated the roles of Bmm in adult Rhodnius prolixus under starvation, and after feeding. Its gene (RhoprBmm) was expressed in all the analyzed insect organs, and its transcript levels in the fat body were not altered by nutritional status. RNAi-mediated knockdown of RhoprBmm caused triacylglycerol retention in the fat body during starvation, resulting in larger lipid droplets and lower ATP levels compared to control females. The silenced females showed decreased flight capacity and locomotor activity. When RhoprBmm knockdown occurred before the blood meal and the insects were fed, the females laid fewer eggs, which collapsed and showed low hatching rates. Their hemolymph had reduced diacylglycerol content and vitellogenin concentration. The chorion (eggshell) of their eggs had no difference in hydrocarbon amounts or in dityrosine crosslinking levels compared to control eggs. However, it showed ultrastructural defects. These results demonstrated that Bmm activity is important not only to guarantee lipid mobilization to maintain energy homeostasis during starvation, but also for the production of viable eggs after a blood meal, by somehow contributing to the right formation of the egg chorion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Saar Arêdes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Rios
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Valdir Braz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Araripe
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM/CNPq, Brazil
| | - Rafaela V Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM/CNPq, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - INCT-BEB/CNPq, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM/CNPq, Brazil
| | - Katia C Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM/CNPq, Brazil.
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Moraes B, Braz V, Santos-Araujo S, Oliveira IA, Bomfim L, Ramos I, Gondim KC. Deficiency of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Impairs Digestion, Lipid Synthesis, and Reproduction in the Kissing Bug Rhodnius prolixus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934667. [PMID: 35936892 PMCID: PMC9353303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a hematophagous insect, vector of Chagas disease. After feeding, as blood is slowly digested, amino acids are used as substrates to fuel lipid synthesis, and adult females accumulate lipids in the fat body and produce eggs. In order to evaluate the importance of de novo fatty acid synthesis for this insect metabolism, we generated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) deficient insects. The knockdown (AccKD) females had delayed blood digestion and a shorter lifespan. Their fat bodies showed reduced de novo lipogenesis activity, did not accumulate triacylglycerol during the days after blood meal, and had smaller lipid droplets. At 10 days after feeding, there was a general decrease in the amounts of neutral lipids and phospholipids in the fat body. In the hemolymph, no difference was observed in lipid composition at 5 days after blood meal, but at day ten, there was an increase in hydrocarbon content and a decrease in phospholipids. Total protein concentration and amino acid composition were not affected. The AccKD females laid 60% fewer eggs than the control ones, and only 7% hatched (89% for control), although their total protein and triacylglycerol contents were not different. Scanning electron microscopy of the egg surface showed that chorion (eggshell) from the eggs laid by the AccKD insects had an altered ultrastructural pattern when compared to control ones. These results show that ACC has a central role in R. prolixus nutrient homeostasis, and its appropriate activity is important to digestion, lipid synthesis and storage, and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moraes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdir Braz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara Santos-Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora A. Oliveira
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massas de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia C. Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Katia C. Gondim,
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phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase domain-containing protein 1 plays an important role in egg shell formation of silkworm (Bombyx mori). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261918. [PMID: 34968397 PMCID: PMC8717975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Yun7Ge is a giant egg mutant found in the silkworm variety Yun7. In comparison with the giant mutant Ge, the eggs of Yun7Ge are larger. The number of laid eggs and hatching rate of Yun7Ge are reduced, which is not conducive to reproduction. In this work, the target gene controlling giant egg trait is located on the Z chromosome and was determined through genetic analysis. Transcriptome results showed that phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (PHYHD1) on the Z chromosome was silenced, and the 25 chorion genes on chromosome 2 were remarkably downregulated. Sequence analysis showed that the 73.5 kb sequence including the PHYHD1 was replaced by a ~3.0 kb sequence. After knocking out the PHYHD1 by using CRISPR/Cas9, the chorion genes were significantly downregulated. Hence, the silencing of PHYHD1 leads to the downregulation of many chorion protein genes, thus directly causing giant eggs.
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Expression Analysis of mRNA Decay of Maternal Genes during Bombyx mori Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225651. [PMID: 31718114 PMCID: PMC6887711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal genes play an important role in the early embryonic development of the silkworm. Early embryonic development without new transcription depends on maternal components stored in the egg during oocyte maturation. The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a tightly regulated process that includes maternal mRNAs elimination and zygotic transcription initiation. This process has been extensively studied within model species. Each model organism has a unique pattern of maternal transcriptional clearance classes in MZT. In this study, we identified 66 maternal genes through bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis in the eggs of silkworm virgin moths (Bombyx mori). All 66 maternal genes were expressed in vitellogenesis in day eight female pupae. During MZT, the degradation of maternal gene mRNAs could be divided into three clusters. We found that eight maternal genes of cluster 1 remained stable from 0 to 3.0 h, 17 maternal genes of cluster 2 were significantly decayed from 0.5 to 1.0 h and 41 maternal genes of cluster 3 were significantly decayed after 1.5 h. Therefore, the initial time-point of degradation of cluster 2 was earlier than that of cluster 3. The maternal gene mRNAs decay of clusters 2 and 3 is first initiated by maternal degradation activity. Our study expands upon the identification of silkworm maternal genes and provides a perspective for further research of the embryo development in Bombyx mori.
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Ma M, Ying YY, He ZY, Lu Y, Li XG, Lei CL, Yang FL. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals potential gene targets for ovipositional inhibition by diallyl trisulfide against female Sitotroga cerealella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Construction, complete sequence, and annotation of a BAC contig covering the silkworm chorion locus. Sci Data 2015; 2:150062. [PMID: 26594380 PMCID: PMC4640134 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkmoth chorion was studied extensively by F.C. Kafatos’ group for almost 40 years. However, the complete structure of the chorion locus was not obtained in the genome sequence of Bombyx mori published in 2008 due to repetitive sequences, resulting in gaps and an incomplete view of the locus. To obtain the complete sequence of the chorion locus, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from follicular epithelium cells were used as probes to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Seven BACs were selected to construct a contig which covered the whole chorion locus. By Sanger sequencing, we successfully obtained complete sequences of the chorion locus spanning 871,711 base pairs on chromosome 2, where we annotated 127 chorion genes. The dataset reported here will recruit more researchers to revisit one of the oldest model systems which has been used to study developmentally regulated gene expression. It also provides insights into egg development and fertilization mechanisms and is relevant to applications related to improvements in breeding procedures and transgenesis.
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Chen Z, Nohata J, Guo H, Li S, Liu J, Guo Y, Yamamoto K, Kadono-Okuda K, Liu C, Arunkumar KP, Nagaraju J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Labropoulou V, Swevers L, Tsitoura P, Iatrou K, Gopinathan KP, Goldsmith MR, Xia Q, Mita K. A comprehensive analysis of the chorion locus in silkmoth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16424. [PMID: 26553298 PMCID: PMC4639761 DOI: 10.1038/srep16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than 40 years of intense study, essential features of the silkmoth chorion (eggshell) are still not fully understood. To determine the precise structure of the chorion locus, we performed extensive EST analysis, constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig, and obtained a continuous genomic sequence of 871,711 base pairs. We annotated 127 chorion genes in two segments interrupted by a 164 kb region with 5 non-chorion genes, orthologs of which were on chorion bearing scaffolds in 4 ditrysian families. Detailed transcriptome analysis revealed expression throughout choriogenesis of most chorion genes originally categorized as “middle”, and evidence for diverse regulatory mechanisms including cis-elements, alternative splicing and promoter utilization, and antisense RNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed multigene family associations and faster evolution of early chorion genes and transcriptionally active pseudogenes. Proteomics analysis identified 99 chorion proteins in the eggshell and micropyle localization of 1 early and 6 Hc chorion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | | | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Youbing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | | | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | | | | | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Vassiliki Labropoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences &Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences &Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsitoura
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences &Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Kostas Iatrou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences &Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | | | | | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kazuei Mita
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
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Caperucci D, Camargo-Mathias MI. Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera). Micron 2006; 37:633-9. [PMID: 16644228 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the ultrastructure of meroistic telotrophic ovaries of the sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata. In this type of ovary, nurse cells, oogonia, and prefollicular tissue are located at the terminal (distal) regions or tropharium of ovarioles. Oocytes in different developmental stages, classified from I to V, are observed in the vitellarium. Stage I oocytes do not exhibit intercellular spaces in the follicular epithelium, suggesting that synthesis and production of yolk during this stage occurs only through endogenous processes. Small yolk granules of different electron densities are present in the cytoplasm. Few lipid droplets are observed. Stage II oocytes exhibit small intercellular spaces in the follicular epithelium. More protein as well as lipid yolk granules are observed in the cytoplasm. In stage III oocytes, intercellular spaces in the follicular epithelium are larger than those observed in the previous stage. Electrondense protein granules of various sizes, larger than those observed in stage II oocytes predominate in the cytoplasm. Smaller lipid droplets are also present. In stage IV oocytes, the follicular epithelium exhibits large intercellular spaces. Our data clearly indicate that the opening of these spaces in the follicular epithelium of M. fimbriolata oocytes increases as the intake of exogenous proteins intensifies, that is, in stages IV and V oocytes. During these stages, granular yolk becomes viscous due to the lysis of granules. In stage V oocytes, viscous yolk predominates in the cytoplasm. This type of yolk, however, has not been described for other orders of insects. The chorion of M. fimbriolata oocytes consists of an external layer (exochorion) and an internal one (endochorion), which is in direct contact with the oocyte. Numerous small pores that probably facilitate oxygenation of the internal structures inside the eggs are observed in the exochorion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Caperucci
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Av 24 A, no. 1515. Cx. Postal 199, CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Papassideri IS, Trougakos IP, Leonard KR, Margaritis LH. Structural and biochemical analysis of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera; Chrysomeloidea) crystalline chorionic layer. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 49:377-384. [PMID: 12769991 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The developmental aspects of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata crystalline chorionic layer (CCL) morphogenesis, its composition and its supramolecular structure were studied. The mature Leptinotarsa decemlineata eggshell consists of the vitelline membrane and the CCL, while the follicle cell remnants following their degeneration after oogenesis completion constitute the outer chorionic layer. The vitelline membrane and the CCL layers are formed through continuous material deposition from the follicular epithelium, whereas the main morphogenic factor during most insect eggshell formation, namely the follicle cell and oocyte microvilli, are seemingly involved only in vitelline membrane formation. Analysis of the CCL morphogenesis showed that this layer is assembled from a fiber-like pre-crystalline material, which accumulates at the vitelline membrane-follicle cell interface. The mature CCL is about 1 microm thick and exhibits a periodicity of approximately 10 nm, while computer image analysis studies of thin-sectioned CCL revealed the existence of crystalline layers parallel to the CCL surface. Finally, SDS-PAGE-electrophoresis of purified CCLs showed that this crystalline layer is of a proteinaceous nature and is most likely composed of 3-5 polypeptides with a molecular weight ranging in between 28-60 kDa. Overall, these data exemplify for the first time the nature and supramolecular arrangement of a crystalline layer and its constituent molecules in Coleoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Kouponia, 15782 Athens, Greece.
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Swevers L, Iatrou K. Early establishment and autonomous implementation of a developmental program controlling silkmoth chorion gene expression. Dev Biol 1992; 150:12-22. [PMID: 1537428 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To address the question of whether prechoriogenic follicles of the silkmoth Bombyx mori have the capacity to enter choriogenesis in organ culture and define the stage at which choriogenesis becomes established as a follicle-autonomous program, we have cultured immature ovarioles dissected from developing pupae and examined the protein synthetic profiles of follicular cells of individual follicles at the end of the culture period. The protein synthetic profiles of the cultured follicles were also correlated with corresponding profiles of chorion mRNA accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the last 17 (+/- 2) vitellogenic follicles of Day 5 to 7 pupae are capable of initiating choriogenesis in organ culture. The earliest vitellogenic stage to enter choriogenesis in vitro does so after 34 (+/- 4) hr in culture and follicles entering choriogenesis in vitro are capable of proceeding through all choriogenic stages at a speed comparable to that occurring in vivo. Therefore, once the choriogenic program becomes established in follicular cells, it can be implemented autonomously in the absence of extrafollicular factors. Earlier vitellogenic stages lack this capacity, presumably because they require additional hemolymph factors to establish the choriogenic potential. Our results demonstrate that the choriogenic potential of cultured vitellogenic follicles cannot be influenced by addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swevers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Mazur GD, Regier JC, Kafatos FC. Morphogenesis of silkmoth chorion: sequential modification of an early helicoidal framework through expansion and densification. Tissue Cell 1989; 21:227-42. [PMID: 2772915 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(89)90068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The silkmoth chorion is a helicoidally layered, fibrous structure which is constructed in four sequential morphogenetic modes, beginning with the assembly of a thin, low density lamellar framework. Subsequently, the framework expands in height by the insertion of additional fiber sheets into the preexisting lamellae. This expansion mode begins farthest from the follicular secretory cells and progresses in reverse. Individual fibers then grow in thickness, presumably through accretion of newly synthesized proteins, and eventually fuse. This third mode, which also begins in the most distant lamellae and proceeds in reverse, is called densification, as it results in an approximately two fold increase in overall chorion density without further lamellar expansion. Finally, lamellogenesis is recapitulated in miniature in a region of the chorion's surface, where very-late-forming lamellae are molded into prominent surface structures, the aeropyle crowns. The densification and especially the expansion modes suggest considerable fluidity in the developing chorion, consistent with its proposed cholesteric liquid crystalline structure. Such a structure is also consistent with numerous deviations from the ideal helicoidal array. These distortions and defects are described and discussed in terms of their possible origin and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Mazur
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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12
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Cotelli F, Andronico F, Brivio M, Lamia CL. Structure and composition of the fish egg chorion (Carassius auratus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0889-1605(88)90034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Weaver RJ, Pau RN. Absence of sequential or cyclic synthesis of oothecal iso-proteins during the reproductive cycle of female Periplaneta americana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(87)90035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Hatzopoulos AK, Regier JC. Evolutionary changes in the developmental expression of silkmoth chorion genes and their morphological consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:479-83. [PMID: 3467368 PMCID: PMC304232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Discrete changes in silkmoth choriogenesis have occurred during evolution, as exemplified in the present report in Antheraea polyphemus and Hyalophora cecropia. At the level of morphology, the chorion of A. polyphemus has surface structures, called aeropyle crowns, that are absent from H. cecropia. Aeropyle crowns form during the very late period of choriogenesis and consist of two substructures--lamellae and filler. Filler is present in H. cecropia in greatly reduced amounts. At the level of protein synthesis, overall similarities in the two species are maintained until the very late period of choriogenesis, when synthesis of aeropyle crown components is maximal. In H. cecropia, very late period-specific proteins are reduced in number and abundance. Several of these minor proteins are candidates for E1 and E2, the components of filler. E1 and E2 RNAs are about 35 times more abundant in A. polyphemus, despite very similar gene copy numbers and times of expression in the two species. These results support the hypothesis that evolutionary changes in chorion morphology have resulted from regulatory changes in the expression of chorion genes, either at the level of transcription or mRNA decay. The hypothesis that evolutionary changes in chorion morphology are based on terminal addition onto a preexisting developmental program is discussed.
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15
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Regier JC, Hatzopoulos AK, Durot AC. Patterns of region-specific chorion gene expression in the silkmoth and identification of shared 5' flanking genomic elements. Dev Biol 1986; 118:432-41. [PMID: 2431934 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent and cell-specific changes in concentrations of total RNA, of poly A+ RNA, and of specific mRNAs have been measured throughout silkmoth choriogenesis. Levels of total RNA and of poly A+ RNA are maintained throughout much of choriogenesis, but decrease at least fourfold during the very late period, in parallel with a decrease in overall protein synthesis. Very late period changes in total RNA and in poly A+ RNA are less pronounced in the aeropyle crown region, where a subset of chorion proteins is preferentially synthesized, than in the flat region. Maximal accumulation of the E1 and E2 chorion mRNAs occurs preferentially in the aeropyle crown region during the very late period. Uridine pulse-labeling studies suggest that E1 and E2 transcription is similarly aeropyle crown region-specific and immediately precedes the time of maximal E1 and E2 RNA accumulation and protein synthesis. Sequences from the 5' flanking regions of E1 and E2 genes have been compared. Several oligonucleotide sequences are present in both genes, and some are duplicated. These are potential cis-acting, regulatory elements.
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16
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17
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Eickbush TH, Rodakis GC, Lecanidou R, Kafatos FC. A complex set of early chorion DNA sequences from Bombyx mori. Dev Biol 1985; 112:368-76. [PMID: 3841080 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A follicular cDNA library from Bombyx mori (576 clones) was screened to obtain a representative sample of chorion sequences differentially expressed during the early period of choriogenesis. Ten selected sequences were characterized by Northern analysis and by dot blots of stage-specific RNA. Five of these sequences (represented in the library by 24 clones) had the developmental specificity and transcript size expected of early chorion components; two sequences (37 clones) had the developmental specificity expected of middle and late chorion components; and three sequences (16 clones) were presumed to be non-chorion, since they are constitutive or disappear at the beginning of choriogenesis. The five recovered early chorion cDNA components have been sequenced, and define three distinct subfamilies of the chorion B multigene family, and two C type families. The complexity of the early chorion genes in B. mori is discussed.
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18
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KAULENAS MINDAUGASS. Molecular Biology: Protein Synthesis. Biochemistry 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030811-1.50014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fourney RM, Fletcher GL, Hew CL. Accumulation of winter flounder antifreeze messenger RNA after hypophysectomy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984; 54:392-401. [PMID: 6735156 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hypophysectomy (hypex) on winter flounder antifreeze mRNA accumulation in the liver was examined. Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant decrease in serum freezing temperature, and increases in liver weights, total liver poly(A)+ RNA and antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) mRNA accumulation. The identity of the AFP mRNA in hypex animals was confirmed by gel electrophoresis, cell-free translation, and Northern blot hybridization techniques. Cytoplasmic dot hybridization analysis indicated that the AFP mRNA level in hypex fish approximated that observed in winter animals actively synthesizing AFP. An increase in AFP mRNA was detectable as early as the first day after hypophysectomy and by Day 7 reached 25% of the level found in fish actively synthesizing AFP mRNA during the winter months. Since AFP mRNA is found at very low levels in the control flounder, we suggest that its accumulation after hypophysectomy depends on accelerated transcription. The pituitary gland appears to regulate the liver AFP mRNA level by a negative transcriptional control mechanism.
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20
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Regier JC, Hatzopoulos AK, Durot AC. Molecular cloning of region-specific chorion-encoding RNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:2796-800. [PMID: 6585828 PMCID: PMC345157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a cDNA clone library from poly(A)+ RNA of very-late-period choriogenic silkmoth follicles. Clone DNAs that hybridize preferentially to RNA from the aeropyle crown region of the follicle (versus the flat region) were selected, and all could be placed in one of two homology groups. The two groups represent sequences encoding the very-late-period chorion proteins E1 and E2; this was established by hybrid-selected translation coupled with specific antibody precipitation. Regionalized synthesis of chorion proteins is restricted to the very late period, and its control can now be studied at the nucleic acid level.
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21
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Kouyanou S, Fragoulis E, Kafatos FC. Developmental and evolutionary comparisons of proteins from purified ribosomal subunits in two silkmoths. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 135:1-8. [PMID: 6884351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Developmental comparisons of silkmoth ribosomal proteins were performed by parallel two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of proteins derived from developing adult wings and from ovarian follicles at the prechoriogenic and choriogenic stages of development (before and during secretion of the chorion, respectively). Proteins of 40S and 60S subunits were prepared and analyzed separately. A single major developmental difference was observed, exclusively in choriogenic follicles: the majority of a 40S subunit protein, S6, was shifted to a more acidic form, possibly as a result of phosphorylation. A less prominent change was apparently due to quantitative variation between two forms of one large subunit protein. The developmental comparisons were performed in two species of the genus Antheraea, with consistent results. Comparisons between the two species revealed remarkable evolutionary conservation of the ribosomal protein patterns, sharply contrasting with the evolutionary diversification of chorion structural proteins in the same two species. The only detectable interspecies differences in ribosomal components were (a) slightly more acidic behaviour of one small-subunit protein and more basic behaviour of one large-subunit protein in Antheraea polyphemus as compared to Antheraea pernyi, and (b) presence of an apparently species-specific 60 S subunit protein in A. pernyi, which in A. polyphemus probably co-migrates with a neighbouring protein.
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22
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Rodakis GC, Moschonas NK, Regier JC, Kafatos FC. The B multigene family of chorion proteins in saturniid silkmoths. J Mol Evol 1983; 19:322-32. [PMID: 6689033 DOI: 10.1007/bf02101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The main features of the B family of chorion proteins in saturniid moths were examined by partial sequencing of representative B proteins, seven from Antheraea polyphemus and two from A. pernyi. Comparisons were made to sequences derived from seven recombinant DNA clones representing three types of B family proteins of A. polyphemus. The central regions of the sequences are conservative, both within and between moth species, and differ largely by a few amino acid replacements, rather than deletions or insertions. By contrast, the amino-terminal third varies more substantially, in a manner which defines two protein subfamilies: within each subfamily sequences are similar, but the subfamilies differ by at least two multiresidue deletions as well as by amino acid replacements. These properties are analogous to features of the A family of chorion proteins.
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23
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Regier JC, Kafatos FC, Hamodrakas SJ. Silkmoth chorion multigene families constitute a superfamily: comparison of C and B family sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:1043-7. [PMID: 6573656 PMCID: PMC393524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.4.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized a new family of silkmoth chorion genes, called C, which is distinct from previously characterized A and B families. The amino acid compositions of 18 purified C proteins have been determined. Three subgroups are recognized on the basis of compositional similarities and may correspond to distinct gene families or subfamilies. The sequences of two overlapping cDNA clones have been determined in their entirety and shown to correspond to a C-specific sequence. Obvious homology is observed between the middle portions of the C sequence and previously characterized B sequences. By contrast, the arms of the C sequence share no significant similarities either with each other or with the corresponding arms of B sequences. Thus, the same tripartite structure originally observed in A and B family sequences is also present in the C family and may have functional significance. Secondary structure prediction of the C sequence is presented and supports this conclusion. The observed homology between C and B family sequences clearly establishes that silkmoth chorion multigene families constitute a superfamily.
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24
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Bock SC, Tiemeier DC, Mester K, Goldsmith MR. Differential patterns in the temporal experession ofBombyx mori chorion genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983; 192:222-227. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00848653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/1982] [Accepted: 04/12/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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The eggshell of hawaiianDrosophila: structural and biochemical studies inD. grimshawi and comparison toD. melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983; 192:303-316. [PMID: 28305203 DOI: 10.1007/bf00848810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1982] [Accepted: 06/10/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The eggshell of the Hawaiian speciesDrosophila grimshawi was analyzed in terms of its structure and biochemical composition. It is generally similar toD. melanogaster in radial structure except that the inner endochorion is relatively compact and the outer endochorion is thick (1.9 μm) and traversed by numerous 50-nm-wide aeropyles (not present inD. melanogaster). Regionally the eggshell consists of the various specialized regions, which are: the holey posterior pole; the dorsal ridge; the operculum with very tall imprint borders; the collar with discontinuous outer endochorion; the micropyle with an external eccentric hole and an internal eccentric paracrystalline region; and the four very long respiratory appendages which exhibit tightly covered surface features for underwater plastron respiration. On the basis of the above structural data we suggest that the entireD. grimshawi eggshell (various layers and specialized regions) is the product of at least eight follicle cell subpopulations. In addition, in vitro culturing with3H-proline indicates that the eggshell is made according to a strict developmental program (analogous toD. melanogaster) and consists of several proteins ranging in molecular weight from 14,000 to 37,000 daltons.
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26
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Regier JC, Mazur GD, Kafatos FC, Paul M. Morphogenesis of silkmoth chorion: initial framework formation and its relation to synthesis of specific proteins. Dev Biol 1982; 92:159-74. [PMID: 7106376 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Iatrou K, Tsitilou SG, Kafatos FC. Developmental classes and homologous families of chorion genes in Bombyx mori. J Mol Biol 1982; 157:417-34. [PMID: 7120399 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Harnish DG, White BN. insect vitellins: Identification, purification, and characterization from eight orders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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30
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In vivo kinetics of pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid formation in selected silkmoth chorion proteins. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Harnish DG, Leung WC, Rawls WE. Characterization of polypeptides immunoprecipitable from Pichinde virus-infected BHK-21 cells. J Virol 1981; 38:840-8. [PMID: 6264158 PMCID: PMC171221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.38.3.840-848.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using hamster anti-Pichinde virus serum, we immunoprecipitated polypeptides from BHK-21 cells infected with Pichinde virus. Seven immunoprecipitable polypeptides exhibited a time- and multiplicity of infection-dependent appearance when the cultures were pulse-labeled with L-[35S]methionine for 1 h. The predominant polypeptide was a nucleoprotein (NP) of 64,000 daltons. Components of 48,000, 38,000, and 28,000 daltons, when analyzed by two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping, were found to be derived from NP. After a 3-h chase period, polypeptides of 17,000, 16,500, and 14,000 daltons were evident, and peptide mapping revealed that these three polypeptides were also related to NP. During a series of pulse-chase experiments, a 79,000-dalton glycoprotein (GPC) was cleaved to glycoproteins of 52,000 and 36,000 daltons. Radiolabel in a polypeptide of approximately 200,000 daltons (L) did not chase into smaller cleavage products. L, GPC, and NP were found to be unique by two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping. Comparison of polypeptides immunoprecipitated from infected cells with structural components of purified virus revealed that L protein was evident in both. This is the first report of a high-molecular-weight polypeptide in Pichinde virus particles and infected cells.
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32
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Glass H, Emmerich H. Properties of two follicle proteins and their possible role for vitellogenesis in the African Locust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981; 190:22-26. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00868699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/1979] [Accepted: 10/20/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Immune and injury responses in Cecropia pupae—RNA isolation and comparison of protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(81)90038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Immunofluorescent localization of two SDS-soluble proteins in maturing terminal follicles ofLocusta migratoria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981; 190:27-32. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00868700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/1979] [Accepted: 10/20/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Goldsmith MR, Clermont-Rattner E. Organization of the chorion genes of Bombyx mori, a multigene family. III. Detailed marker composition of three gene clusters. Genetics 1980; 96:201-12. [PMID: 7203009 PMCID: PMC1214289 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/96.1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chorion patterns produced by progeny from crosses that were used to define the linked gene clusters, Ch 1, Ch 2 and Ch 3 (strain C108 vs. strain Ascoli), were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing vs. SDS/urea). Approximately 60 proteins were assigned to four previously defined chorion classes, A, B, C and Hc, believed to represent the products of related genes, on the basis of size and relative cysteine content. All strain-specific markers showed co-dominance in the F1, indicating the likelihood that they are not products of post-translational modification. Twenty-seven Ascoli markers co-segregated in testcross progeny, and none of the resolved proteins showed independent assortment, confirming their linkage to chromosome 2. Two-dimensional screening of recombinants demonstrated that all three clusters contain Class A and B markers; Hc markers have been found only in Ch 1 and Ch 2; whereas, mapped C markers were confined to Ch 3. This indicates that chorion clusters are heterogeneous with respect to the markers they contain.
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36
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Thireos G, Kafatos FC. Cell-free translation of silkmoth chorion mRNAs: identification of protein precursors and characterization of cloned DNAs by hybrid-selected translation. Dev Biol 1980; 78:36-46. [PMID: 7399142 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Tsitilou SG, Regier JC, Kafatos FC. Selection and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding a known chorion protein of the A family. Nucleic Acids Res 1980; 8:1987-97. [PMID: 7433133 PMCID: PMC324052 DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.9.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using as criteria the size, abundance and developmental specificity of hybridizing mRNA sequences, we have selected from our chorion cDNA library a clone corresponding to a specific chorion protein, A4--cl. Comparison between the clone sequence and the largely known sequence of A4--cl validates the use of the cDNA library for sequence analysis of the chorion multigene families. The two major chorion protein families, A and B, share certain structural similarities.
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38
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Mazur GD, Regier JC, Kafatos FC. The silkmoth chorion: morphogenesis of surface structures and its relation to synthesis of specific proteins. Dev Biol 1980; 76:305-21. [PMID: 7390007 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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Regier JC, Mazur GD, Kafatos FC. The silkmoth chorion: morphological and biochemical characterization of four surface regions. Dev Biol 1980; 76:286-304. [PMID: 7390006 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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40
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Nadel MR, Kafatos FC. Specific protein synthesis in cellular differentiation. IV. The chorion proteins of Bombyx mori and their program of synthesis. Dev Biol 1980; 75:26-40. [PMID: 7371993 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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41
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Lecanidou R, Tsitilou S, Kafatos F. Isolation of transcriptionally active nuclei from developing follicles of the silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus, and optimization of ionic conditions for in vitro transcription. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(80)90005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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43
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Jones CW, Rosenthal N, Rodakis GC, Kafatos FC. Evolution of two major chorion multigene families as inferred from cloned cDNA and protein sequences. Cell 1979; 18:1317-32. [PMID: 519771 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complete or partial sequences are reported from six chorion cDNA clones of the silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus. The proteins encoded belong to the two major chorion protein classes, A and B, each of which is encoded by a multigene family. The sequence comparisons define some major features of the families and suggest how these genes may be evolving. Deletions and insertions might be involved in expanding or contracting internally repetitive regions. Sequence divergence is localized, thus defining sequence domains of distinct evolutionary properties and presumably distinct functions.
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44
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Sim GK, Kafatos FC, Jones CW, Koehler MD, Efstratiadis A, Maniatis T. Use of a cDNA library for studies on evolution and developmental expression of the chorion multigene families. Cell 1979; 18:1303-16. [PMID: 519770 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA library has been constructed from an RNA preparation highly enriched in silkmoth chorion mRNAs. Many distinct clones have been identified from this library using a stepwise procedure: scoring for infrequent hexanucleotide restriction enzyme recognition sequences; detailed characterization with restriction enzymes that recognize relatively frequent tetranucleotide sequences; probing the arrangement of the corresponding sequences in chromosomal DNA by the Southern procedure; and detailed cross-hybridization analysis. Unique clones, as well as two classes of distinct but related clones, were revealed by hybridization. The cross-hybridization analysis was greatly facilitated by a newly developed, semiquantitative dot hybridization procedure. The same procedure made it feasible to conveniently estimate the relative abundance of several different sequences in an mRNA mixture. Cloned sequences which scored as relatively abundant in total chorion mRNA were tested with stage-specific chorion mRNA at a very stringent criterion of hybridization. They were thus characterized as early, middle or late sequences with respect to development. The characterized cDNA clones can now be used as probes for studying the evolution, chromosomal organization and regulated developmental expression of the chorion multigene families.
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45
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Goldsmith MR, Rattner EC, Koehler MM, Balikov SR, Bock SC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of small-molecular-weight proteins. Anal Biochem 1979; 99:33-40. [PMID: 532963 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Blau HM, Kafatos FC. Morphogenesis of the silkmoth chorion: patterns of distribution and insolubilization of the structural proteins. Dev Biol 1979; 72:211-25. [PMID: 510784 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Rubenstein EC. The role of an epithelial occlusion zone in the termination of vitellogenesis in Hyalophora cecropia ovarian follicles. Dev Biol 1979; 71:115-27. [PMID: 467783 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Warren TG, Brennan MD, Mahowald AP. Two processing steps in maturation of vitellogenin polypeptides in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76:2848-52. [PMID: 111243 PMCID: PMC383706 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the three vitellogenin polypeptides (molecular weights of 44,000, 45,000, and 46,000) of Drosophila melanogaster has been analyzed in vivo and in a cell-free system. After labeling periods in vivo, the three vitellogenin polypeptides were made as the principal synthetic products of the female fat body. During a short (0.5 min) labeling period, they were identified as discrete species on two-dimensional gels. Two of the polypeptides have molecular weights of 45,000 and a third has a molecular weight of 44,000. After longer labeling periods (5-45 min) the three mature vitellogenins appeared. Both immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping confirmed that the species labeled at 0.5 min are immature forms of the vitellogenin polypeptides. In vitro translation of poly(A)-RNA from female fat body indicated another processing step in vitellogenin synthesis. Three polypeptides were obtained that were identified as precursors of the vitellogenins on the basis of immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping. Two of the translation products have a molecular weight of 46,000 and the third has a molecular weight of 45,000. Because the vitellogenins are secreted proteins, we interpret the higher molecular weight of the in vitro translation products as being due to signal peptides.
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49
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WÜEST JEAN. Histological and cytological studies on the ovary ofNauphoeta cinerea(Blattaria, Oxyhaloidea) during the first reproductive cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1080/01651269.1979.10553310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Tesoriero JV. Formation of the chorion (zona pellucida) in the teleost, Oryzias latipes. III. Autoradiography of [3H]proline incorporation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1978; 64:315-26. [PMID: 712885 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(78)90040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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