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Corley RB, Kindred B. In vivo responses of alloreactive lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. Helper-cell activity of MLR-primed lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 2008; 6:923-932. [PMID: 143715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Populations of mouse lymphocytes enriched in specific alloreactive cells by priming in a mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) include cells which, when injected into congenic nude mice, enable them to make alloantibody after immunization. Helper cells for the priming H-2 alloantigens (H-2b or H-2k) were enriched relative to helper cells for the other H-2 type. Furthermore, the alloantibody responses of nude mice reconstituted with lymphocytes primed twice in vitro were virtually monospecific for the priming alloantigens. These studies suggest that lymphocytes that proliferate in MLR include lymphocytes capable of giving specific help for H-2 antigens in vivo. Nude mice reconstituted with MLR-primed lymphocytes made less antibody to bacteriophage T4 and phix than mice reconstituted with unprimed cells, and fewer mice responded. Priming of cells a second time in MLR further depleted the population of phage helper cells. Similar results were sometimes, but not always, obtained when testing reconstituted nude mice for their ability to make anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) responses. These results suggest that lymphocytes primed against H-2b or H-2k alloantigens do not have specificity for antigens of T4 or phix. These alloreactive cells may also lack specificity for SRBC. However, the results do not allow a definitive conclusion to be drawn.
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Corley RB, Kindred B. In vivo responses of alloreactive lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. Skin graft rejection mediated by MLR-Primed lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 2008; 6:991-6. [PMID: 144314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse lymphocytes that have been primed in vitro against alloantigens show a specific increase in cells reactive to the priming antigens in mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) and include cells that are specifically cytotoxic in vitro. The primed population also contains cells capable of causing rejection of skin grafts when injected into nude mice. Functional enrichment of cells capable of rejecting skin grafts bearing specific alloantigens and depletion of cells capable of rejecting a third-party graft have been shown. Priming the cells a second time in vitro may result in a moderate enrichment of cells capable of rejecting the specific graft and depletion of cells reactive to third-party skin compared with once-primed cells. These findings support the prediction that the MLR is an in vitro model of allograft responses in vivo.
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McMichael AJ. Role of class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in cytotoxic T-cell function in health and disease. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1992; 14:1-16. [PMID: 1440195 DOI: 10.1007/bf00197129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J McMichael
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Yang CP, Bell EB. Functional maturation of recent thymic emigrants in the periphery: development of alloreactivity correlates with the cyclic expression of CD45RC isoforms. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:2261-9. [PMID: 1355430 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830220913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transition from fully developed CD4+CD8- single-positive (SP) thymocytes into fully mature recirculating peripheral T cells is both poorly understood with regard to the expression of restricted isoforms (CD45R) of the leukocyte common antigen and in terms of T cell function. The present investigation monitored the extrathymic development of CD4+CD8- SP thymocytes in euthymic recipients using allotype-marked donor cells and monoclonal antibody OX22 which recognizes an epitope on the C exon of rat CD45R. We established that donor-derived cells in the blood 1 day later bore the phenotype of the injected SP thymocytes (CD4+ Thy-1+ CD45RC-). T cells with the identical phenotype were also present in the thoracic duct lymph of uninjected rats, suggesting that the Thy-1+ CD45RC- T cells represent recent thymic emigrants (RTE) which have migrated to the periphery of their own accord. During extrathymic maturation donor-derived peripheral RTE lost Thy-1 within 3 days and expressed the CD45RC+ high molecular weight isoform by day 7; between days 8 and 14 a proportion (25%-30%) of the donor cells once again lost the high molecular weight isoform (CD45RC-). The transition of SP (CD45RC-) thymocytes to fully mature CD45RC+ CD4 T cells via intermediate peripheral RTE was accompanied at each stage by an increased ability of the maturing T cells to induce skin allograft rejection. Unexpectedly, the subsequent loss of the high molecular weight isoform, following presumed antigen encounter, was associated with a significant reduction in the ability of this Thy-1-CD45RC- subpopulation to effect graft rejection. The cyclic expression of CD45RC isoforms on both immature and mature CD4 T cells and the fact that the low molecular weight isoform was found in the periphery on both RTE (unquestionably naive) and antigen-experienced CD4 T cells, makes it unlikely that this isoform uniquely identifies memory T cells, at least in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Yang
- Immunology Research Group, Cell and Structural Biology, Medical School, University of Manchester, GB
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Drayson MT, Sparshott SM, Bell EB. Fidelity of the repertoire in T cell reconstituted athymic nude rats. Preservation of a deficit in alloresponsiveness over one year. J Exp Med 1989; 170:691-702. [PMID: 2788706 PMCID: PMC2189442 DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.3.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A single intravenous injection of a relatively small number of T cells contained in the population of rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) is sufficient to restore to normal the peripheral T cell pool of athymic PVG.rnu/rnu nude rats. The donor T cells expand greater than 10-15-fold, self-renew, and restore immunocompetency to nude recipients permanently (greater than 2 yr). We asked whether the T cell repertoire was affected by the expansion and self-renewal process. Nude recipients were injected with syngeneic PVG TDL that had been allospecifically depleted (negatively selected) by consecutive passage from blood to thoracic duct lymph through two irradiated (DAxPVG)F1 intermediate rats. Negatively selected TDL were tested before transfer by the P----F1 popliteal LN GVH assay and showed a greater than 90% depletion of specific reactivity to DA alloantigens. Surviving cells or their progeny were recovered from LN or TDL of nude recipients 8 and 12 mo after transfer. The deficit in GVH reactivity to the DA haplotype persisted, but normal GVH activity was demonstrated against a third party (AOxPVG)F1 alloantigen. The "hole" in the repertoire could not be attributed to tolerance induced by the co-transfer of contaminating irradiated F1 TDL. PVG TDL passaged consecutively through (AOxPVG)F1 and (DAxPVG)F1 intermediates and devoid of (AOxPVG)F1 cells remained specifically depleted to both AO and DA haplotypes when recovered from nude recipients 4 and 13 mo later, but displayed GVH activity to a third-party (BNxPVG)F1 alloantigen. Thus the exact specificity of the T cell repertoire of the original inoculum was faithfully maintained in nude recipients throughout the initial phase of rapid expansion and the continued self-renewal of the mature peripheral T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Drayson
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Medical School, University of Manchester, UK
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Piazzón I, Déroche A, Lanari C, Matusevich M, Pasqualini CD. Maternal immunoregulation: interrelationship between alloreactive and anti-self plus conventional antigen T sets of cells. J Reprod Immunol 1985; 7:249-60. [PMID: 3874958 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(85)90056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous paper we reported early immunoregulatory mechanisms involving not only the appearance of progressive suppression but also significant increases in alloreactive T levels in paraaortic lymph nodes (PALN) and spleen, not only in allogeneic but also in syngeneic pregnancies. Taking into account the hypothesis of the superposition of the alloreactive and the anti-self plus conventional antigens T sets of cells, we investigated whether immunization with conventional antigens was able to alter alloreactive T levels. Weekly i.p. doses of rabbit red bloods cells (RRBC) in BALB/c mice resulted in a dose-dependent increase in spleen alloreactivity as determined by graft-versus-host (GvH) assays in strain combinations differing at H-2 level but not in those sharing the same H-2 with BALB/c. The increases could be significantly decreased by an anti-idiotype anti-RRBC serum. Pretreatment with i.p. weekly doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) before mating was able to induce dose-dependent fetal damage when the parents differed at the H-2 level. SRBC immunization in one of the uterine horns induced increases in PALN weight which were much higher in progesterone-pseudopregnant than in virgin mice; T alloreactivity was significantly increased in the draining PALN only in pseudopregnant females. These results favour the postulation of the superposition between the alloreactive and the anti-self plus conventional antigens T sets of cells and suggest a possible role for conventional fetal antigens (non H-2) in triggering immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in pregnancy.
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Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Lear PA, Heidecke CD, Araneda D, Tilney NL. Restoration of allograft responsiveness in B rats. IV. The divergent migratory behavior of lymphocyte populations mediating cardiac allograft rejection. Cell Immunol 1984; 85:459-76. [PMID: 6424953 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(84)90259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The T lymphocyte-deprived (B) rat, produced by X-radiation and bone marrow reconstitution of adolescent thymectomized animals, exhibits a true immunological deficit and are unable to reject histoincompatible heterotopic cardiac allografts. A comprehensive survey of lymphocyte traffic in B recipients was performed to correlate the differential potency of specifically sensitized lymphocyte populations mediating re-establishment of immune responsiveness toward the graft, with their migratory and recirculatory behavior. 111In-oxine-labeled thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were retained in the peripheral blood and migrated from nonlymphoid organs to lymph nodes of B recipients in higher proportion than any other lymphoid population, particularly splenic lymphocytes (SL). Although all cell groups but TDL were sequestered in the spleen in equal and relatively large numbers, no differences were found between the lymphocyte populations tested in their capacity to accumulate in the grafts. In contrast, an increased avidity in the allograft of 125IUdR-labeled TDL and lymph node (LNL) lymphoblasts, as compared to 125IUdR-labeled SL, resembles closely the results of functional studies of the differential potency of adoptively transferred cells. We assume that specific cellular interactions induced by the accumulated 125IUdR-labeled cells invoke nonspecific mechanisms for the recruitment of other uncommitted 111In-labeled lymphocytes which recirculate between blood and lymph and localize indiscriminately in the allograft amplifying its rejection. The latter lymphocytes can be "armed" by adherent cells residing in the lymphoid organs of graft recipients, particularly spleen, and subsequently increase the penetration of the foreign tissue. When radiolabeled lymphocytes were traced in B recipients experiencing rejection of their allografts following transfer of sensitized cells plus lymphokine, their migration patterns as well as blastogenic response in B hosts were similar to those observed during acute rejection of cardiac allografts in unmodified hosts. Thus the similarities between the rejection network brought by alloimmune cells into otherwise unresponsive animals and immunocompetent animals able to reject their grafts are stressed.
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Singal DP, Joseph S. Role of blood transfusions on the induction of antibodies against recognition sites on T lymphocytes in renal transplant patients. Hum Immunol 1982; 4:93-108. [PMID: 6210646 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(82)90010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have tested sera from 23 renal allograft recipients to study the effects of blood transfusions on the induction of antibodies directed against recognition sites on T lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that antibodies capable of inhibiting responses in MLC could be induced by blood transfusion. This inhibition in MLC is observed by treatment of responder lymphocytes with serum plus rabbit complement and is mediated by IgG antibodies. Also, the inhibitory effect is specific for certain responder cells and is not mediated by antibodies against common surface antigens of either the responder or the stimulator lymphocytes. The antibodies inhibiting proliferative responses in MLC against antigens present on the kidney donor were demonstrable in renal transplant recipients with functional allografts, but not in patients who had rejected the graft. The data suggest that antibodies directed against recognition sites on T lymphocytes could be induced by blood transfusions and these antibodies may be associated with prolonged graft survival.
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Ben-Sasson SZ, Kagan J. In vitro selection of murine antigen-specific T-lymphocytes. I. Description of selection procedure. J Immunol Methods 1981; 42:291-304. [PMID: 6169763 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(81)90158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Binz H, Frischknecht H, Mercolli C, Dunst S, Wigzell H. Binding of purified, soluble major histocompatibility complex polypeptide chains onto isolated T-cell receptors. I. Reactivity against allo- and self-determinants. J Exp Med 1979; 150:1084-95. [PMID: 91653 PMCID: PMC2185690 DOI: 10.1084/jem.150.5.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tried to get information about the fine antigen-binding ability of purified, soluble, idiotype-positive T-cell receptor molecules. Lewis anti-DA T-cell receptors were purified from normal Lewis serum by the use of anti-idiotypic immunosorbent and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel, and were coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. In parallel, Lewis anti-DA, Lewis anti-BN, and DA anti-Lewis alloantibody immunosorbents were prepared. The major Ag-B chain (44,000 daltons) and the two polypeptide chains (34,000 and 27,000 daltons) of Ia were purified from Lewis, DA, and BN lymphocytes and absorbent on the above-mentioned immunosorbents. We found that the major Ag-B chain as well as the two Ia chains were bound to the alloantibody columns if they were derived from the corresponding allogeneic strain. No retaining ability for self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or third-party MHC chains was noted with the alloantibody immunosorbents. When using immunosorbents made up of idiotypic T-cell receptors, only two MHC polypeptides of the relevant allo-MHC type were retained, namely, the Ag-B and the heavy Ia chains. No detectable activity was observed when testing the same column for reactivity against third-party MHC polypeptide chains. However, the Lewis anti-DA T-cell receptors could be shown to display weak, but significant, reactivity toward one Lewis MHC polypeptide chain, that is, the heavy chain of Ia type.
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Antczak DF, Howard JC. Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. III. Detection of inclusion among allo-reactive lymphocyte populations by specific depletion of reactive cells. Cell Immunol 1979; 46:119-26. [PMID: 158429 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Antczak DF, Howard JC. Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. IV. Detection of inclusion among allo-reactive lymphocyte populations by specific enrichment for reactive cells. Cell Immunol 1979; 46:127-37. [PMID: 158430 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fenner M, Frischknecht H, Binz H, Lindenmann J, Wigzell H. Alloantigens derived from stimulator cells and bound onto MLC-activated rat T lymphoblasts. Scand J Immunol 1979; 9:553-62. [PMID: 88756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb03284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rat T lymphocytes were activated in MLC (mixed leucocyte culture) against allogeneic stimulator cells. A few percent of such T blasts could be shown to carry IgM on their surface when a mixture of T and B lymphocytes was used as responder cells. The immunoglobulin was absent when purified T lymphocytes served as responders. A large proportion of MLC T lymphoblasts could be shown to carry stimulator alloantigens on their surface. These antigens were demonstrated (a) by indirect immunofluorescence using anti-stimulator alloantibody and FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate Isomer I)-labelled F(ab)2 fragments of rabbit anti-rat Ig; (b) by autoradiography after internal labelling of stimulator cells, which showed the transfer of label from stimulator to responder cells. For biochemical analysis T blasts were restimulated with internally labelled allogeneic or syngeneic stimulator cells, and bound radiolabelled stimulator alloantigens were analysed on SDS-PAGE (sodium lauryl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results suggest that intact SD antigens with a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons and LD determinants with a molecular weight of 34,000 daltons derived from stimulator cells are found on MLC T blasts. No evidence of binding of the 27,000-dalton Ia chain to T blasts was found. Possible arrangements of these molecules on the responder blasts is discussed.
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Antczak DF, Brown D, Howard JC. Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. I. A quantitative titration assay for mixed lymphocyte interactions in the rat. Cell Immunol 1979; 43:304-16. [PMID: 157818 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Binz H, Wigzell H. Recognition of antigens by T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 1978; 22:93-112. [PMID: 85255 DOI: 10.1007/bf00496237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present review briefly summarizes our knowledge of antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte receptors. Antigen-specific receptors on mammalian B lymphocytes are mainly monomeric IgM and IgD consisting of conventional immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. The nature of the T lymphocyte receptor which can specifically recognize antigens is not yet fully defined. However, it seems that conventional light chains do not participate in the build up of this receptor, and that the receptor is made up of heavy chains of a new immunoglobulin class which has to be further characterized and which we call Tau-chain. The variable region of the T lymphocyte receptors share idiotypic determinants with the corresponding B lymphocyte receptors. The possible linkage between the T cell idiotypes present on the Tau-chains and molecules which are under the control of genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of the species are discussed. In the last part of the review two methods for the induction of specific transplantation tolerance in adult animals are described. These methods are based on the concept that T lymphocytes reactive against alloantigens bear idiotypic determinants against which a specific auto-immune response can be initiated.
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Bellgrau D, Wilson DB. Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. I. Specifically induced resistance to graft-versus-host disease in rats mediated by host T-cell immunity to alloreactive parental T cells. J Exp Med 1978; 148:103-14. [PMID: 78954 PMCID: PMC2184917 DOI: 10.1084/jem.148.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies extend our previous efforts to understand the immunological basis of specifically induced graft-versus-host (GVH) resistance in F1 hybrid rats. Immunization of F1 rats with alloreactive T-cell populations of parental strain origin induces a host-mediated T-cell response which is specific for anti-major hostocompatibility complex receptors on parental T cells. This protective immunity is rapid in onset and once induced, it provides a highly effective, specific resistance to lethal GVH disease which is radioresistant and can be adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipients.
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Pawelec GP. Primed lymphocyte testing in pigs: conditions for the generation of primed cells and their response characteristics. J Immunol Methods 1978; 21:247-59. [PMID: 149820 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(78)90151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pig peripheral blood lymphocytes, typed for LD antigens by negative reactions to homozygous cells in primary MLRs and for SD antigens by complement-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, were sensitised in vitro against X-irradiated lymphocytes. These "primed" cells were rechallenged with lymphocytes possessing a range of LD and SD phenotypes and were found to respond by rapid proliferation specifically to LD antigens of the type expressed by the original stimulating cell, but not to SD antigens. Third party LD antigens, not expressed by the original sensitising cell, or by the responder, caused a significant proliferation, but primed cells could be rendered operationally monospecific by reducing the number of responding cells until the third party reaction became negligible. Conditions for the generation and testing of these primed pig cells are described here.
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Feldbrush TL, Stewart N. Antigen modulation of the immune response. V. Generation of large memory cells in antigen draining lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 1978; 37:336-48. [PMID: 306891 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gill TJ, Cramer DV, Kunz HW. The major histocompatibility complex--comparison in the mouse, man, and the rat. A review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1978; 90:737-78. [PMID: 24344 PMCID: PMC2018257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Frischknecht H, Binz H, Wigzell H. Induction of specific transplantation immune reactions using anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Exp Med 1978; 147:500-14. [PMID: 304882 PMCID: PMC2184500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.147.2.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocytes with reactivity against major histocompatibility antigens are known to express this immune potential via a display on the outer surface of antigen-specific, idiotypic receptors. Here, we show that anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against such receptors may serve as specific triggering agents of the idiotype-positive lymphocytes in the physical absence of foreign histocompatibility antigens. This was shown in vitro using normal or immune spleen T cells where anti-idiotypic antibodies would lead to the selective proliferation and development of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells as determined by short-time 51Cr release assays. Furthermore, purified anti-idiotypic antibodies in adjuvant administered in vivo to normal syngeneic animals could be shown to lead to production of high titers of specific alloantibodies. The present experiments were in most cases carried out using auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies as triggering agents. The present results thus lend further support to the concept that idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions may be normal parts of conventional immune processes with either stimulatory or inhibitory consequences, depending upon the prevailing conditions.
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Binz H. [Recognition of antigens by T-cells (author's transl)]. BLUT 1978; 36:1-8. [PMID: 75030 DOI: 10.1007/bf01002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dyer RG. 'Electrochemical stimulation' of the hypothalamus--a demonstration that this technique does not cause the direct excitation of peptidergic neurones [proceedings]. J Physiol 1978; 284:1P-2P. [PMID: 731447 PMCID: PMC1276693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Haas W, von Boehmer H. Techniques for separation and selection of antigen specific lymphocytes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1978; 84:1-120. [PMID: 367718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67078-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aguet M, Andersson LC, Andersson R, Wight E, Binz H, Wigzell H. Induction of specific immune unresponsiveness with purified mixed leukocyte culture-activated T lymphoblasts as autoimmunogen. II. An analysis of the effects measured at the cellular and serological levels. J Exp Med 1978; 147:50-61. [PMID: 75235 PMCID: PMC2184098 DOI: 10.1084/jem.147.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphoblasts specific for foreign histocompatibility antigens and purified via mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and 1 g velocity sedimentation procedures can be used as autoimmunogen to produce specific immunological unresponsiveness in adult animals. This unresponsiveness is positively correlated to the production of autoanti-idiotypic antibodies in the blast immunized animals and no evidence of coexisting alloimmunity was found. We consider this autoanti-idiotypic immunity to be the specific inducing agent of the immune tolerance. The blast immunization procedure will lead to selective reduction in T-cell reactivity against the relevant alloantigens as measured by MLC, cell-mediated lympholysis, or graft-versus-host assays. However, in individual animals, dichtomy in suppression between two T-cell assays could sometimes be observed indicating elimination of only a select group of idiotypic functionally distinct population of T cells in these blast-immunized animals. Attempts to abrogate already immune animals by the autoblast procedure were successful, in part suggesting the use of the present procedure when trying to induce in accelerated reversion of such immunity.
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Andersson LC, Aguet M, Wight E, Andersson R, Binz H, Wigzell H. Induction of specific immune unresponsiveness using purified mixed leukocyte culture-activated T lymphoblasts as autoimmunogen. I. Demonstration of general validity as to species and histocompatibility barriers. J Exp Med 1977; 146:1124-37. [PMID: 302312 PMCID: PMC2180818 DOI: 10.1084/jem.146.4.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal immunocompetent T lymphocytes can be induced into specific proliferation if confronted with the relevant alloantigen in vitro. Such mixed leuko-cyteculture-activated T lymphoblasts carring idiotypic receptors on their surface can be purified using velocity sedimentation and serve as immunogen if administered in adjuvant to the autologous host. Autoblast immunization can be shown to lead to specific, long-lasting unresponsiveness against the relevant alloantigens, while leaving reactivity against third-party antigens intact. When tested as to general validity, it could be shown to function in all species analyzed (mouse, rat, and guinea pig) as well as across both major and minor histocompatibility barriers. No negative side effects have been noted so far. It would thus seem clear that autoblast immunization using the above described scheme may serve as a general tool in inducing long-lasting, specific unresponsiveness in any species and across any histocompatibility barrier.
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Corley RB. Responses of alloantigen-primed lymphocytes in vitro. The contribution of increased frequencies of responding lymphocytes to differences between reactivity of normal and primed lymphocyte populations. Scand J Immunol 1977; 6:625-33. [PMID: 905773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb02142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of lymphocytes against allogeneic cells in vitro results in significant enrichment of alloreactive lymphocytes. Such enrichment was found to profoundly influence the conditions for measuring proliferative responses. Fewer primed lymphocytes than unprimed ones had to be cultured to favor optimal proliferation. Second, proliferative responses could be detected using 10 to 20 times fewer primed responding cells than when using unprimed responders. Finally, although responses of both unprimed and primed lymphocytes were dependent on the number of stimulator cells in culture, the primary mechanism(s) through which this dependence was expressed appeared to differ. The results demonstrate that, under the same conditions, comparisons of responses of two populations that contain different proportions of reactive lymphocytes may not be justified.
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Daniele RP, Beacham CH, Gorenberg DJ. The bronchoalveolar lymphocyte. Studies on the life history and lymphocyte traffic from blood to the lung. Cell Immunol 1977; 31:48-54. [PMID: 872222 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Dennert G, Raschke W. Continuously proliferating allospecific T cells, lifespan and antigen receptors. Eur J Immunol 1977; 7:352-9. [PMID: 70355 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Corley RB. Responses of alloantigen-primed lymphocytes in vitro. The specificity of secondary responses assayed by titration of primed lymphocyte populations. Scand J Immunol 1977; 6:547-53. [PMID: 882851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb02119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maximal proliferative responses were observed at lower responder cell densities in alloantigen-primed lymphocyte populations when restimulated with the specific priming cell than when restimulated with other allogeneic cells. This relationship was due to the larger number of lymphocytes within the primed population which responded to the specific sensitizing cell than to unrelated stimulator cells. As a result, at high responder cell densities, stimulator cells unrelated to the specific sensitizing cells elicited a disproportionately high response relative to the response stimulated by the specific cells. Restimulation of decreasing numpacity of different cells. Because primed populations contain a larger number of lymphocytes that responde to the specific stimulator than to other stimulators, responses of primed lymphocytes could be made operationally monospecific. Limiting dilution analysis demonstrated that low numbers of primed cells were stimulated by the specific sensitizing cells but not by unrelated stimulator cells.
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Woodland RT, Wilson DB. The induction of specific resistance in F1 hybrid rats to local graft-vs.-host reactions: nature of the eliciting cell. Eur J Immunol 1977; 7:136-42. [PMID: 67953 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830070305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A specific state of resistance to local graft-vs.-host (GVH) reactions can be induced in F1 hybrid rats, derived from Ag-B incompatible matings, as a consequence of inoculation with low numbers of parental strain lymphocytes. The magnitude of GVH resistance is markedly and directly dependent upon the number of parental strain lymphocytes used in the pretreatment regimen. The relevant constituents of the resistance-inducing parental cell population are thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes possessing immunologic competence for host alloantigens. B cells, themselves incapable of inducing GVH resistance, adversely effect the induction or display of this effect by T cells.
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Corley RB. Responses of alloantigen-primed lymphocytes in vitro. Quantitative analysis of the relative frequency of reactive lymphocytes in primed populations which respond to allogeneic stimulating cells. Eur J Immunol 1977; 7:93-9. [PMID: 872866 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Binz H, Wigzell H. Antigen-binding, idiotypic T-lymphocyte receptors. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY 1977; 7:113-77. [PMID: 69514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3054-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Anamnestic responses in mixed lymphocyte culture-induced cytolysis (MLC-CML) reaction. Immunogenetics 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01576973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Bradley BA, Sheehy M, Keuning J, Termijtelen A, Franks D, Van Rood JJ. Phenotyping of HLA-D-region products by negative and positive mixed lymphocyte reactions. Immunogenetics 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01576987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Binz H, Wigzell H. Specific transplantation tolerance induced by autoimmunization against the individual's own, naturally occurring idiotypic, antigen-binding receptors. J Exp Med 1976; 144:1438-57. [PMID: 12245 PMCID: PMC2190473 DOI: 10.1084/jem.144.6.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum or urine from normal adult Lewis rats can be shown to contain detectable amounts of idiotypic, antigen-binding receptors with specificity for the major histocompatibility complex locus antigens of the rat, the Ag-B locus antigens. Such purified naturally occurring receptor molecules, be they of T- or B-lymphocyte origin, can be used in a polymerized form to provoke the production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies when injected back into normal Lewis rats. As a consequence of this autoimmunity, lymphocytes of these Lewis rats can be shown to be depleted of cells carrying the relevant idiotypic receptors signifying reactivity against a given Ag-B locus-determined antigen(s). This specific lack of idiotypic lymphocytes is manifested as a selective loss of reactivity against the relevant Ag-B-incompatible antigens as measured by graft versus host or MLC reactions. Furthermore, autoimmune Lewis rats display specific transplantation tolerance against the skin grafts from the relevant strain, as demonstrated by specific prolongation of graft survival. A further indication of the specific tolerence state of these rats comes from the highly reduced ability to produce circulating antibodies against the relevant Ag-B antigens. No side effects of these autoimmunization procedures have been noted so far. It would thus seem clear that a prolonged state of specific transplantation tolerance can be achieved via autoimmunization against the individual's naturally occurring idiotypic, antigen-binding receptors.
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Huber B, Cantor H, Shen FW, Boyse EA. Independent differentiative pathways of Ly1 and Ly23 subclasses of T cells. Experimental production of mice deprived of selected T-cell subclasses. J Exp Med 1976; 144:1128-33. [PMID: 62012 PMCID: PMC2190438 DOI: 10.1084/jem.144.4.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When B mice are supplied with Ly1 or Ly23 cells they acquire, over the next 6 mo, only the immune functions associated with each of these T-cell subclasses, respectively. The T-cell population of these "B-Ly1" and "B-Ly23" mice mice also remains restricted to the Ly1 and Ly23 subclass phenotypes. Thus the Ly1 and Ly23 populations are derived from two separate lines of differentiation and are not sequential stages of a single differentiative pathway.
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Abstract
The nature of the antigens stimulating xenogeneic lymphocytes was studied using "primed LD typing". Human lymphocytes were sensitized in vitro against mouse spleen cells and restimulated with spleen cells of mouse strains sharing non-H-2 antigens or various regions of H-2 with the initial stimulating strain. The largest thymidine uptake was caused by restimulation with cells from the specific primary stimulator or an H-2-identical strain. Species-specific antigens or strain-specific antigens carried in the C57BL/10 background account for less than 15% of the total stimulation; a non-H-2 antigen associated with the Mlsalpha genotype caused moderate restimulation, amounting to 25% of the average H-2 response. Within H-2, the strongest restimulation was caused by antigens controlled by the I-A subregion; the K and D regions caused moderate, the I-C and S regions very weak, and the I-B subregion no restimulation. Thus, the genetic control of antigens stimulating xenogeneic and allogeneic MLC responses requires T cells and adherent cells, but in the human-mouse MLC, both cell types must come from the human responder; the majority of the proliferating cells are T cells. It is suggested that allograft and xenograft reactions are fundamentally identical processes, and that the relative vigor of alloaggression may be explained by secondary potentiating mechanisms depending on species-specific interactions between aggressor and target cells.
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Häyry P, Anderson LC. Generation of T memory cells in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. IV. Primary and secondary responses to soluble and insoluble membrane preparations and to ultraviolet-light-inactivated stimulator cells. Scand J Immunol 1976; 5:391-9. [PMID: 133453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neither normal CBA (H-2k) nor purified spleen T cells respond in vitro to soluble or insoluble membrane preparations or to ultraviolet-light-inactivated stimulator cells of the allogeneic DBA/2 (H-2d) strain. However, CBA spleen cells deprived of phagocytic cells show a slight proliferative response under these conditions. After being primed against mitomycin-blocked DBA/2 cells in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture, the secondary blast-derived T 'memory' cells display a good secondary blast (proliferative) response to both membrane antigens and to ultraviolet-light-inactivated stimulator cells. In addition to this, the secondary T lymphocytes--in contrast to nonprimed T cells--respond by cytotoxicity when ultraviolet-light-inactivated cells are used as the second stimulant.
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Heber-Katz E, Wilson DB. Sheep red blood cell-specific helper activity in rat thoracic duct lymphocyte populations positively selected for reactivity to specific strong histocompatibility alloantigens. J Exp Med 1976; 143:701-6. [PMID: 55462 PMCID: PMC2190131 DOI: 10.1084/jem.143.3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies show that positively selected T-cell populations, having enriched reactivity in the mixed lymphocyte interaction and the graft-versus-host reaction to strong alloantigens of a chosen major histocompatibility complex haplotype, also possess helper activity which is quantitatively normal in the generation of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in vitro. Such positively selected populations give a linear dose plaque-forming cells response curve indistinguishable from that seen with normal unselected T-cell populations. These findings imply that T cells reactive to histocompatibility antigens also react to conventional antigens, and the possibility is raised that they may do so by some recognition mechanism involving multiple specificities.
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Sprent J, Miller JF. Fate of H2-activated T lymphocytes in syngeneic hosts. III. Differentiation into long-lived recirculating memory cells. Cell Immunol 1976; 21:314-26. [PMID: 4229 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(76)90059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Recent developments in research on T-cell receptors for alloantigens have been reviewed. Recognition of these antigens is T-cell dependent and, when measured in the PAR test, can be shown to take place with receptors present on T cells, with those shed spontaneously from T cells and also with "recognition structures" of as yet unknown origin and structure present in post-transplantation alloantiserum but absent from B-cell induce alloantiserum. All recognizing structures of parent T-cell origin mentioned above also induce formation of anti-T cell receptor antisera when injected into appropriate F1 hybrid animals. The highly specific inhibitory activity of the sera can be demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, and the most fascinating aspect constitutes cytotoxic elimination of T cells bearing receptors for a given alloantigenic specificity without harming T cells with other alloreceptors. The biochemical nature of T-cell receptors is not known and, depending on the physical form in which it is investigated, high molecular weight as well as considerably lower molecular weight structures have been found. It has, on the other hand, become quite clear that the antigen-binding region of B- and T-cell receptors shows idiotypic similarity and it is, therefore, likely that this part of the receptor molecule of both lymphocyte classes is similar if not identical
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Sondel PM, Jacobson MW, Bach FH. Pre-emption of human cell-mediated lympholysis by a suppressive mechanism activated in mixed lymphocyte cultures. J Exp Med 1975; 142:1606-11. [PMID: 127827 PMCID: PMC2190060 DOI: 10.1084/jem.142.6.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of B-cell and T-cell immune responses has been extensively examined and in the experimental animal appears to involve regulatory or "suppressor" T cells (1-4). The limitations of in vitro experimentation have made comparable study of nonpathological human suppression quite difficult (5). We report here an in vitro method that generates and quantitates suppressor activity in man after antigen-specific activation in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). The one-way MLC induces both a proliferative response (6) and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (7). Both of these responses are mediated by antigen-specific T-cell subpopulations (8,9) and have been correlated with recognitive and destructive phases of allograft rejection. Recent reports have examined the antigen reactivity of mouse (10,11), rat (12), or human (13,14) lymphocytes obtained after proliferation in MLC. In all cases, after the primary MLC proliferative peak, the recovered lymphocytes rapidly differentiate upon re-exposure to the initial stimulating population, but do so only weakly when exposed to a presumably noncross-reactive third-party stimulating population. Velocity sedimentation separation studies have shown that the blast cells produced in a primary MLC revert to small lymphocytes that rapidly differentiate into proliferating and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes upon restimulation with the initial antigen (15). These findings demonstrate that positive selection for the responding population in primary MLC does exist and may account for at least part of the specificity of the secondary response. However, this positive selection does not preclude possible involvement of a suppressor mechanism. In fact we have detected suppressor activity in primary MLC sensitization cultures at a time when the proliferation responsible for positive selection does not preclude possible involvement of a suppressor mechanism. In fact we have detected suppressor activity in primary MLC sensitization cultures at a time when the proliferation responsible for positive selection in not yet significant, suggesting that suppression may be overriding importance in the specificity of MLC-activated secondary responses.
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Andersson LC, Häyry P. Clonal isolation of alloantigen-reactive T-cells and characterization of their memory functions. Immunol Rev 1975; 25:121-62. [PMID: 127410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Binz H, Bächi T, Wigzell H, Ramseier H, Lindenmann J. Idiotype positive T cells visualized by autoradiography and electron microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:3210-4. [PMID: 1081229 PMCID: PMC432952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared in (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice by immunization either with CBA anti-C57BL/6 alloantiserum or with purified CBA thymus-processed lymphoid cells (T cells) Iodinated anti-mouse Ig or triple sandwich ferritin-labeling techniques served to visualize the reaction between idiotype and anti-idiotype. From 5 to 10% of purified CBA T cells appeared to carry receptors for C57BL/6 antigens. Heavily labeled cells had the morphology of small lymphocytes.
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Ben-Sasson SZ, Paul WE, Shevach EM, Green I. In vitro selection and extended culture of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. I. Description of selection culture procedure and initial characterization of selected cells. J Exp Med 1975; 142:90-105. [PMID: 1097577 PMCID: PMC2189876 DOI: 10.1084/jem.142.1.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific selection of antigen-responsive guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELs) was achieved by a selection culture procedure. This procedure involved the addition of PELs from immune donors to monolayers of antigen-pulsed adherent peritoneal exudate cells from nonprimed syngeneic donors. PELs which failed to adhere were discarded at 24 and 48 h; after 1 wk of culture, lymphocytes were obtained which were highly responsive to the antigen for which they were selected but which demonstrated little or no response to other antigens to which the original donor of the lymphocyte was immune. These selected cells were largely T lymphocytes and could be maintained in culture for 2-5 wk in an antigen-responsive state and, in 20-30% of cases, for 8-10 wk in an antigen-independent state.
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Kyminski JW, Smith RT. Evidence for a B-cell -like helper function in mixed lymphocyte culture between immunocompetent thymus cells. J Exp Med 1975; 141:360-73. [PMID: 123000 PMCID: PMC2190535 DOI: 10.1084/jem.141.2.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunocompetent subpopulation by mouse thymus cell (TH-2) was isolated by buoyant density centrifugation and by hydrocortisone pretreatment. TH-2 cells undergo a proliferative one-way or two-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response only when cultured with allogeneic or congenic peripheral lymphoid cells. However, mixtures of allogeneic TH-2 cells alone do not proliferate in either one-way or two-way MLC reactions. Such MLC mixtures are proliferative only if mitomycin-blocked peripheral lymphoid cells are also present in the mixture. The peripheral helper cell has been found to be of low net density, non-adherent, insensitive to anti-thy-1 serum cytotoxicity, but sensitive to the cytotoxic effets of anti-immunoglobulin serume plus complement. The helper effect does not depend on proliferation nor does it appear to involve demonstrable soluble mediators. The nature of failure of MLC between TH-2 subpopulations appears to be dependent on the exppression of some product of the K, I regions of the H-2 locus. Possible mechanisms by which a B-cell-like helper cell triggers TH-2 proliferation are discussed terms of the present knowledge of specific alloantigen receptor on T and B cells, and the immunoglobulin Fc region receptors on T cells.
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