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Integrating age, BMI, and serum N-glycans detected by MALDI mass spectrometry to classify suspicious mammogram findings as benign lesions or breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20801. [PMID: 36460712 PMCID: PMC9718781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While mammograms are the standard tool for breast cancer screening, there remains challenges for mammography to effectively distinguish benign lesions from breast cancers, leading to many unnecessary biopsy procedures. A blood-based biomarker could provide a minimally invasive supplemental assay to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening. Serum N-glycosylation alterations have associations with many cancers and several of the clinical characteristics of breast cancer. The current study utilized a high-throughput mass spectrometry workflow to identify serum N-glycans with differences in intensities between patients that had a benign lesion from patients with breast cancer. The overall N-glycan profiles of the two patient groups had no differences, but there were several individual N-glycans with significant differences in intensities between patients with benign lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Many N-glycans had strong associations with age and/or body mass index, but there were several of these associations that differed between the patients with benign lesions and breast cancer. Accordingly, the samples were stratified by the patient's age and body mass index, and N-glycans with significant differences between these subsets were identified. For women aged 50-74 with a body mass index of 18.5-24.9, a model including the intensities of two N-glycans, 1850.666 m/z and 2163.743 m/z, age, and BMI were able to clearly distinguish the breast cancer patients from the patients with benign lesions with an AUROC of 0.899 and an optimal cutoff with 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity. This study indicates that serum N-glycan profiling is a promising approach for providing clarity for breast cancer screening, especially within the subset of healthy weight women in the age group recommended for mammograms.
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Clerc F, Reiding KR, Jansen BC, Kammeijer GSM, Bondt A, Wuhrer M. Human plasma protein N-glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2015; 33:309-43. [PMID: 26555091 PMCID: PMC4891372 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most abundant and complex protein modification, and can have a profound structural and functional effect on the conjugate. The oligosaccharide fraction is recognized to be involved in multiple biological processes, and to affect proteins physical properties, and has consequentially been labeled a critical quality attribute of biopharmaceuticals. Additionally, due to recent advances in analytical methods and analysis software, glycosylation is targeted in the search for disease biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient stratification. Biofluids such as saliva, serum or plasma are of great use in this regard, as they are easily accessible and can provide relevant glycosylation information. Thus, as the assessment of protein glycosylation is becoming a major element in clinical and biopharmaceutical research, this review aims to convey the current state of knowledge on the N-glycosylation of the major plasma glycoproteins alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin, antithrombin-III, apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein F, beta-2-glycoprotein 1, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, haptoglobin, hemopexin, histidine-rich glycoprotein, kininogen-1, serotransferrin, vitronectin, and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. In addition, the less abundant immunoglobulins D and E are included because of their major relevance in immunology and biopharmaceutical research. Where available, the glycosylation is described in a site-specific manner. In the discussion, we put the glycosylation of individual proteins into perspective and speculate how the individual proteins may contribute to a total plasma N-glycosylation profile determined at the released glycan level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Clerc
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C Jansen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere S M Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zulkifli I, Najafi P, Nurfarahin A, Soleimani A, Kumari S, Aryani AA, O'Reilly E, Eckersall P. Acute phase proteins, interleukin 6, and heat shock protein 70 in broiler chickens administered with corticosterone. Poult Sci 2014; 93:3112-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kawase A, Ikuta H, Uno S, Yamamoto K, Akitsu N, Nagao T, Iwaki M. Alteration in plasma protein binding properties of propranolol and flurbiprofen during development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:246-52. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.710350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gozal D, Jortani S, Snow AB, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bhattacharjee R, Kim J, Capdevila OS. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis proteomic approaches reveal urine candidate biomarkers in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1253-61. [PMID: 19797158 PMCID: PMC2796735 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0765oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep studies are laborious, expensive, inaccessible, and inconvenient for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the urinary proteome uncovers specific clusters that are differentially expressed in the urine of children with OSA. METHODS Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry proteomics followed by validation with western blot of ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Morning urine proteins from 60 children with polysomnographically confirmed OSA and from matched children with primary snoring (n = 30) and control subjects (n = 30) were assessed. A total of 16 proteins that are differentially expressed in OSA were identified, and 7 were confirmed by either immunoblots or ELISA. Among the latter, receiver-operator curve analyses of urinary concentrations of uromodulin, urocortin-3, orosomucoid-1, and kallikrein assigned favorable predictive properties to these proteins. Furthermore, combinatorial approaches indicated that the presence of values beyond the calculated cutoff concentrations for three or more of the proteins yielded a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic approaches reveal that pediatric OSA is associated with specific and consistent alterations in urinary concentrations of specific protein clusters. Future studies aiming to validate this approach as a screening method of habitually snoring children appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Koj A. The role of interleukin-6 as the hepatocyte stimulating factor in the network of inflammatory cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 557:1-8. [PMID: 2660691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb23994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Koj
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Nasirikenari M, Segal BH, Ostberg JR, Urbasic A, Lau JT. Altered granulopoietic profile and exaggerated acute neutrophilic inflammation in mice with targeted deficiency in the sialyltransferase ST6Gal I. Blood 2006; 108:3397-405. [PMID: 16849643 PMCID: PMC1895428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-014779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of serum sialic acid and the ST6Gal-1 sialyltransferase is part of the hepatic system inflammatory response, but the contribution of ST6Gal-1 has remained unclear. Hepatic ST6Gal-1 elevation is mediated by P1, 1 of 6 promoters regulating the ST6Gal1 gene. We report that the P1-ablated mouse, Siat1DeltaP1, and a globally ST6Gal-1-deficient mouse had significantly increased peritoneal leukocytosis after intraperitoneal challenge with thioglycollate. Exaggerated peritonitis was accompanied by only a modest increase in neutrophil viability, and transferred bone marrow-derived neutrophils from Siat1DeltaP1 mice migrated to the peritonea of recipients with normal efficiency after thioglycollate challenge. Siat1DeltaP1 mice exhibited 3-fold greater neutrophilia by thioglycollate, greater pools of epinephrine-releasable marginated neutrophils, greater sensitivity to G-CSF, elevated bone marrow CFU-G and proliferative-stage myeloid cells, and a more robust recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Bone marrow leukocytes from Siat1DeltaP1 are indistinguishable from those of wild-type mice in alpha2,6-sialylation, as revealed by the Sambucus nigra lectin, and in the expression of total ST6Gal-1 mRNA. Together, our study demonstrated a role for ST6Gal-1, possibly from extramedullary sources (eg, produced in liver) in regulating inflammation, circulating neutrophil homeostasis, and replenishing granulocyte numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Nasirikenari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Harazono A, Kawasaki N, Itoh S, Hashii N, Ishii-Watabe A, Kawanishi T, Hayakawa T. Site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of human plasma ceruloplasmin using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2005; 348:259-68. [PMID: 16321355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin has ferroxidase activity and plays an essential role in iron metabolism. In this study, a site-specific glycosylation analysis of human ceruloplasmin (CP) was carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). A tryptic digest of carboxymethylated CP was subjected to LC-ESI-MS/MS. Product ion spectra acquired data-dependently were used for both distinction of the glycopeptides from the peptides using the carbohydrate B-ions, such as m/z 204 (HexNAc) and m/z 366 (HexHexNAc), and identification of the peptide moiety of the glycopeptide based on the presence of the b- and y-series ions derived from the peptide. Oligosaccharide composition was deduced from the molecular weight calculated from the observed mass of the glycopeptide and theoretical mass of the peptide. Of the seven potential N-glycosylation sites, four (Asn119, Asn339, Asn378, and Asn743) were occupied by a sialylated biantennary or triantennary oligosaccharide with fucose residues (0, 1, or 2). A small amount of sialylated tetraantennary oligosaccharide was detected. Exoglycosidase digestion suggested that fucose residues were linked to reducing end GlcNAc in biantennary oligosaccharides and to reducing end and/or alpha1-3 to outer arms GlcNAc in triantennary oligosaccharides and that roughly one of the antennas in triantennary oligosaccharides was alpha2-3 sialylated and occasionally alpha1-3 fucosylated at GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Harazono
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Yildirim B, Sari R, Isci N. Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and malignant and cirrhotic ascites. J Natl Med Assoc 2005; 97:276-80. [PMID: 15712792 PMCID: PMC2568775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of cells of the immune system and also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. METHOD AND PATIENTS We studied tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor and C-reactive protein levels in both ascitic fluid and serum in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (n = 22), and in the malignant (n = 38) and cirrhotic (n = 32) ascites. RESULTS C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in the ascitic fluid were found to be elevated in the SBP (p < 0.001) and malignant groups (p < 0.005) when compared with the sterile cirrhotic group. C-reactive protein levels in the serum were found to be elevated in the SBP group when compared with the sterile cirrhotic (p < 0.001) and malignant group (p < 0.005). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the serum was significantly elevated in the SBP when compared with the cirrhotic (p < 0.005) and malignant ascites (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid CRP in discriminating malignant 84% and 67% and SBP from sterile ascites were 90% and 76%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid TNF-alpha in discriminating malignant 77% and 60% and SBP from sterile ascites were 82% and 66%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of TNF-r p60 in discriminating malignant 74% and 70% and SBP from sterile ascites were 80% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid CRP, TNF-alpha and TNF-r values were found to be similar. Ascitic fluid Creactive protein to differentiate SBP and malignant ascitic from cirrhotic ascites are cheap, practical and safe tests used in the differential diagnosis of ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Yildirim
- Inonu University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
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Hochepied T, Berger FG, Baumann H, Libert C. Alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein: an acute phase protein with inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2003; 14:25-34. [PMID: 12485617 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a protein with a molecular weight of 41-43 kDa and is heavily glycosylated (45%). Due to the presence of sialic acids, it is negatively charged (pI=2.7-3.2). AGP is an acute phase protein in all mammals investigated to date. The serum concentration of AGP rises several fold during an acute phase response, the systemic answer to a local inflammatory stimulus. Also, its glycosylation pattern can change depending on the type of inflammation. The biological function of this protein is not clear. A number of activities on different type of blood cells have been described. In vivo, AGP clearly has protective effects in several models of inflammation. Here we review the data supporting an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating role of AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Hochepied
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, Belgium
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12
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Azzimonti F, Atchley DH, Morrison CA, Dodd S, Boulton DW, DeVane CL, Arnaud P. One step purification of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein from human plasma. Fractionation of its polymorphic allele products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 784:33-8. [PMID: 12504180 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein is a plasma protein that exhibits both microheterogeneity and polymorphism. Its purification from human plasma is usually performed using a sequence of different fractionation steps. Here we report a one-step isolation technique of this protein based upon pseudo-ligand affinity chromatography on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA at acidic pH. In addition, the use of two narrow pH elution buffers allows us to separate the two genetic products of this protein, which differ from each other by 21 amino acid substitutions. This technique will facilitate the study of the structural, biological and pharmacokinetic properties of each individual allele product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Azzimonti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA
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13
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Abstract
Ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that contains greater than 95% of the copper found in plasma. This protein is a member of the multicopper oxidase family, an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins that utilize copper to couple substrate oxidation with the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water. Despite the need for copper in ceruloplasmin function, this protein plays no essential role in the transport or metabolism of this metal. Aceruloplasminemia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from inherited loss-of-function mutations in the ceruloplasmin gene. Characterization of this disorder revealed a critical physiological role for ceruloplasmin in determining the rate of iron efflux from cells with mobilizable iron stores and has provided new insights into human iron metabolism and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Hellman
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Yoshioka M, Watanabe A, Shimada N, Murata H, Yokomizo Y, Nakajima Y. Regulation of haptoglobin secretion by recombinant bovine cytokines in primary cultured bovine hepatocytes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2002; 23:425-33. [PMID: 12206875 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(02)00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the regulation of haptoglobin (Hp) secretion in primary cultured bovine hepatocytes using recombinant bovine (rb) proinflammatory cytokines. The concentrations of Hp in the supernatant of cultured hepatocytes after incubation with rb interleukin (IL)-6, rb tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, rbIL-1 beta or rbIFN-gamma alone or with combinations of two of these cytokines were measured by ELISA. The rbIL-6, rbTNF-alpha and rbIL-1 beta increased Hp synthesis, but rbIFN-gamma did not, and rbIL-6 was the most effective Hp inducer among these cytokines. The Hp secretion was accelerated synergistically by combined treatment with rbIL-6 and rbTNF-alpha, whereas it remained unchanged with a combination of rbIL-6 and rbIL-1 beta. In contrast, the combination of rbIL-6 and rbIFN-gamma downregulated Hp secretion. In conclusion, IL-6 is the principal cytokine in Hp secretion in bovine hepatocytes in vitro, and its activity may be regulated by other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshioka
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Sowers M, Jannausch M, Stein E, Jamadar D, Hochberg M, Lachance L. C-reactive protein as a biomarker of emergent osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:595-601. [PMID: 12479380 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2002.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated C-reactive protein (C-RP), a quantitative marker of the acute phase response, as a potential biomarker of prevalent and incident osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). METHODS Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were characterized with ultrasensitive rate nephelometry in a population-based sample of 1025 women (318 African-American and 707 Caucasian) who are enrollees in a study of musculoskeletal conditions at the mid-life. Assignment of OAK was based on Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) scores of 2 or more on radiographs. Prevalent OAK was based on the baseline (1996) score while the classification of incident OAK was based on a score of 2 or greater at the follow-up examination 2.5 years later amongst those with a baseline K-L scores of 0 or 1. RESULTS At baseline, the prevalence of radiographic OAK was 12% in participants who were aged 27-53 years and 18% in the subgroup of women aged 40-53 years. The mean C-RP value was 2.31 mg/L, with values ranging from below detection (0.3 mg/L) to 47.4 mg/L. Higher C-RP concentrations were associated with both prevalent and incident OAK (P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). For each K-L score increase from 0 to 3, there was a significantly higher mean C-RP value. Compared to women without incident OAK, women who developed OAK in the 2.5-year follow-up had significantly higher baseline C-RP concentrations. Women with bilateral OAK had higher C-RP concentrations than women with unilateral OAK (6.65 mg/L +/- 0.56 vs 3.63 mg/L +/- 0.42, P < 0.007). BMI was highly correlated with C-RP (r = 0.58) and obesity was an effect modifier with respect to OAK and C-RP concentrations. When stratified according presence or absence of OAK and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), mean C-RP values were: obesity and OAK, 6.3 +/- 0.4 mg/L; obesity but not OAK, 4.3 mg/L +/- 0.2; no obesity but OAK, 1.7 mg/L +/- 0.8; and neither obesity nor OAK, 1.3 mg/L +/- 0.2 mg/L. These stratum means were significantly different from each other, indicating a higher C-RP with OAK after accounting for obesity. CONCLUSION C-RP, as a measure of an acute phase response and inflammation, is highly associated with OAK; however, its high correlation with obesity limits its utility as an exclusive marker for OAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryFran Sowers
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-2029, USA.
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Delmotte P, Degroote S, Lafitte JJ, Lamblin G, Perini JM, Roussel P. Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases the expression of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of sialylated and/or sulfated Lewis x epitopes in the human bronchial mucosa. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:424-31. [PMID: 11679593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109958200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that inflammation may affect glycosylation and sulfation of various glycoproteins. The present study reports the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine, on the glycosyl- and sulfotransferases of the human bronchial mucosa responsible for the biosynthesis of Lewis x epitope and of its sialylated and/or sulfated derivatives, which are expressed in human bronchial mucins. Fragments of macroscopically normal human bronchial mucosa were exposed to TNF-alpha at a concentration of 20 ng/ml. TNF-alpha was shown to increase alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase activity as well as expression of the two alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase genes expressed in the human airway, FUT3 and FUT4. It had no influence on alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase activity or FUT2 expression. It also increased alpha2,3-sialyltransferase activity and the expression of ST3Gal-III and, more importantly, ST3Gal-IV and both N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase and galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase. These results are consistent with the observation of oversialylation and increased expression sialyl-Lewis x epitopes on human airway mucins secreted by patients with severe lung infection such as those with cystic fibrosis, whose airways are colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, other cytokines may also be involved in this process.
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Lasson A, Göransson J. No microheterogenous changes of plasma C-reactive protein found in man during various diseases. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1999; 59:293-304. [PMID: 10463468 DOI: 10.1080/00365519950185661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma may indicate severe acute abdominal disease, risk of serious postoperative complications or malignancy; serial measurements may indicate postoperative complications, relapse of intra-abdominal sepsis and complications during acute pancreatitis. The increase in CRP is an unspecific acute phase reaction, however, and low levels do not exclude these conditions. These facts are important obstacles to the clinical routine use of CRP measurements. The aim of this study was to look for possible biochemical microheterogeneity of CRP in single plasma samples from various large groups of patients to overcome these problems. Two-hundred-and-twelve patients with acute abdominal diseases, 274 patients with various forms and stages of cancer and 134 patients operated on due to benign diseases, were studied. The biochemical studies included SDS-PAGE, native PAGE and gel filtration for molecular weight determinations, isoelectric focusing and crossed immuno-electrophoresis for electrophoretic mobility studies and Concavalin A and ACA 34 as intermediary gels for possible lectin binding or complexation. Western blot analysis was also used to identify CRP. In summary, however, these more elaborate biochemical methods could not disclose any microheterogneity of CRP in plasma and thus did not add any diagnostic information to the crude levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lasson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital MAS, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
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Havenaar EC, Dolhain RJ, Turner GA, Goodarzi MT, van Ommen EC, Breedveld FC, van Dijk W. Do synovial fluid acute phase proteins from patients with rheumatoid arthritis originate from serum? Glycoconj J 1997; 14:457-65. [PMID: 9249143 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018547417702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed in order to gain insight into the occurrence, glycosylation and the possible origin of the acute-phase proteins alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and alpha1-protease inhibitor (PI) in sera and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore paired sera and synovial fluid samples from patients with RA, and paired synovial fluid samples from right and left knees of patients with varying degrees of arthritis were studied. Crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) was used with concanavalin A and Aleuria aurantia lectin for the detection of the degree of branching and fucosylation, respectively, and the monoclonal CSLEX-1 for the detection of Sialyl Lewis(X) (SLe(X)) groups on AGP. For PI, not only CAIE, but also high-pressure-anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection was used to study the glycosylation. It was established that the concentrations of AGP and PI were increased in the serum of RA patients compared to normal healthy controls, but that the concentration of both proteins, as well as albumin, was significantly lower in synovial fluid than in serum. Furthermore, the type of glycosylation of both AGP and PI found in RA was significantly different from that found in normals, with increased fucosylation, but there were no major differences in the degree of branching of AGP- or PI-glycans in RA, compared to normals. No differences in glycosylation could be established between serum and synovial fluid in RA. For PI an increased fucosylation was found, both in serum and synovial fluid, using both methods of detection, and it could be established that only the alpha1-->3- and not the alpha1-->6-fucosylation of PI was affected by RA. The increased fucosylation of AGP resulted in an increased expression of SLe(X) on AGP-glycans. Since the alpha1-->3-fucosylation of AGP was significantly increased in both serum and synovial fluid from RA patients, and this correlated with systemic but not with local disease parameters, it can be suggested that acute phase proteins in synovial fluid are most probably of hepatic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Havenaar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma proteins whose concentration and glycosylation alters in response to tissue injury, inflammation, or tumor growth. Significant interspecies and sex differences in APP response exist. APP are produced mainly by hepatocytes, and their synthesis and glycosylation are controlled by a network consisting of cytokines, their soluble receptors, and glucocorticoids. The major cytokines involved in these processes belong to a group of interleukin-6-type cytokines that act through the hematopoietin receptor complex on hepatocytes and JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway. Transformed cells (hepatoma) display significant differences in synthesis of APP, cytokine responsiveness, expression of cytokine-receptor subunits and signal-transduction machinery. The most striking variability relates to the glycosylation alterations induced by cytokines. However, transformed cells (hepatoma) form a basic model for studying and understanding mechanisms controlling the synthesis and glycosylation of APP. Furthermore, APP may be secreted by transformed (tumor) cells of various origins and may display a growth factor-like function in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical Sciences, GreatPoland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
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20
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Sluzewska A, Rybakowski J, Bosmans E, Sobieska M, Berghmans R, Maes M, Wiktorowicz K. Indicators of immune activation in major depression. Psychiatry Res 1996; 64:161-7. [PMID: 8944394 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(96)02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory markers and their correlations were examined in patients with major depression. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), transferrin receptor (TfR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), as well as the microheterogeneity of AGP, were measured in 49 major depressed patients during an acute phase of the illness and compared with concentrations in 15 normal control subjects. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6, sIL-2R, TfR, CRP, and AGP were significantly higher in major depressed patients than in healthy control subjects. Patients with higher values of AGP microheterogeneity coefficient (AGP-RC > 1.5) had significantly higher concentrations of AGP, IL-6, and TfR. The correlations between cytokines and acute phase proteins studied point to a significant role of elevated IL-6 secretion in the induction of Type I AGP microheterogeneity changes that are characteristic of some inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sluzewska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland
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21
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Chapter 6 Glycoproteins in inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Radosavljevic M, Temsch E, Hammer J, Pfeffel F, Mayer G, Renner F, Pidlich J, Muller C. Elevated levels of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin are not specific for alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease. J Hepatol 1995; 23:706-11. [PMID: 8750170 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin is a marker of chronic alcohol consumption; it increases above normal in healthy individuals after a daily alcohol intake of more than 60 g/d for more than 2 weeks. The influence of liver disease itself on carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels has not been sufficiently established. METHODS We investigated serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in 196 consecutive patients admitted to our Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit and correlated this parameter with the patients' statements about alcohol intake during the previous 2 weeks and with other markers of chronic alcohol consumption. RESULTS In our patient population, carbohydrate deficient transferrin had the best overall performance with respect to sensitivity (88%), specificity (82%), and negative predictive value (98%), as compared to other markers, although specificity was much lower than previously reported in patients without liver disease. In the group of patients with liver disease, sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 73%, respectively, and in patients without liver disease, 80% and 88%. The negative predictive value was excellent (96% for patients with liver disease and 99% for patients without liver disease). CONCLUSIONS Thus, in a patient with a negative interview for chronic alcohol abuse and normal carbohydrate deficient transferrin level, alcohol is unlikely to be the cause of liver disease, and further investigations to establish the etiology of liver disease are warranted. An increased carbohydrate deficient transferrin level, however, cannot be regarded as reliable evidence for chronic alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease.
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23
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Banks RE, Forbes MA, Storr M, Higginson J, Thompson D, Raynes J, Illingworth JM, Perren TJ, Selby PJ, Whicher JT. The acute phase protein response in patients receiving subcutaneous IL-6. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 102:217-23. [PMID: 7554393 PMCID: PMC1553348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb06659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 are thought to be the key mediators of the acute phase response although much of the evidence is based on in vitro studies. It is not clear to what extent each of the acute phase proteins are regulated in vivo by each of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of IL-6 treatment in eight patients with cancer on the concentrations of an extensive range of positive and negative acute phase proteins. It was part of a larger investigation to assess the value of IL-6 in the management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. IL-6 was administered by a daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days at a dose level of 1, 3, or 10 micrograms/kg/day. Increases in the positive acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, complement component C3, and caeruloplasmin, were observed, with the greatest incremental changes and fastest responses being seen for C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein. The negative acute phase proteins transferrin, transthyretin and retinol binding protein all fell to a nadir within 48-96 h after the first IL-6 injection. Increases in complement component C4 were only found in two patients, which may be related to the increase in circulating TNF-alpha concentrations found only in these patients. This study has therefore shown that IL-6 is capable of causing changes in the majority of acute phase proteins in vivo. Although secondary induction of TNF-alpha was not observed in the majority of patients examined, it is still possible however that other cytokines involved in regulation of the acute phase response, such as IL-1, may have been induced and contributed to the overall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Banks
- ICRF Cancer Medicine Research Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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24
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Gryska K, Slupianek A, Laciak M, Baumann H, Mackiewicz A. Interleukin-6-type cytokines affect glycosylation of acute phase proteins in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 762:413-5. [PMID: 7545373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Gryska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Academy of Medicine, Poznań, Poland
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25
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Van Dijk W, Mackiewicz A. Interleukin-6-type cytokine-induced changes in acute phase protein glycosylation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 762:319-30. [PMID: 7545370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The plasma levels and the glycosylation of acute-phase proteins (APP) are subject to marked changes during acute and chronic inflammation. The pathophysiological variations in different glycoforms of APP in serum most likely result from changes in the glycosylation process during their biosynthesis in the parenchymal cells of the liver. This is suggested from in vitro studies with isolated hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines. Inflammatory cytokines appear to regulate the changes in glycosylation independent from the rate of synthesis of the APP. In addition, other humoral factors like corticosteroids and growth factors are involved. The interplay of these factors is determined by the stage of the disease (as in rheumatoid arthritis) or the physiological situation (as in pregnancy). The changes in glycosylation of specific APP might affect the operation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Van Dijk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Hrycaj P, Stratz T, Kovac C, Mennet P, Müller W. Microheterogeneity of acute phase proteins in patients with clinically active and clinically nonactive osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1995; 14:434-40. [PMID: 7586981 DOI: 10.1007/bf02207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microheterogeneity of two acute phase glycoproteins, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), concentrations of AGP, ACT, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and levels of three cytokines: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1-beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined in 61 serum samples and 7 synovial fluids (SFs) obtained from patients (n = 61) with osteoarthritis. Using affinity immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A (conA), a significant decrease in the reactivity of AGP and ACT with this lectin was found in patients with clinically active osteoarthritis when compared to those with clinically nonactive disease (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). There was no increase in the concentration of AGP, ACT, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the sera examined. In particular, no increase in the serum level of these proteins was found in the patients with clinically active disease. Low concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were found in most sera and SFs examined. In 6 out of 7 SFs available, IL-6 concentrations were higher than in the respective serum samples but for TNF-alpha the same could be shown in one case only. Low concentrations of IL-1-beta were found in 4 serum samples obtained from patients with clinically active osteoarthritis and in no SF specimen studied. In the entire group, serum level of TNF-alpha correlated weakly with the AGP and ACT reactivity coefficients with conA (r = 0.3634, p < 0.005 and r = 0.3324, p < 0.02, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hrycaj
- Hochrhein-Institute for Research and Prevention of Rheumatic Diseases, Bad Säckingen, Germany
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27
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis of serum glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Gryska K, Słupianek A, Laciak M, Górny A, Mackiewicz K, Baumann H, Mackiewicz A. Inflammatory cytokines controlling branching of N-heteroglycans of acute phase protein. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 376:239-45. [PMID: 8597254 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1885-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Gryska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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29
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Rusiniak ME, Bedi GS, Back N. The carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1208:316-23. [PMID: 7947964 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The complete carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin was elucidated through chemical and enzymatic methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and lectin affinity chromatography. Pronase digestion of thiostatin yielded a major glycopeptide fraction with asparagine the most abundant amino acid present. Based on one mole of aspartic acid, the following molar ratios obtained for the four major amino acids: aspartic acid (1.0), threonine (0.53), glycine (0.48) and serine (0.30). Neutral sugar analysis yielded a 3:2 molar ratio for mannose to galactose based on an assigned value to mannose of 3. On this basis, the fraction also contained 3 residues of sialic acid and, on average, 0 to 1 residue of fucose. GC-MS of partially methylated alditol acetates from the glycopeptide fraction identified the presence of biantennary and triantennary structure. Analyses of the neutral sugar and amino-acid composition, together with methylation data, support a biantennary N-linked structure for this major glycopeptide fraction and a triantennary N-linked structure as a lesser component. Sequencing of the desialyated 14C-labelled glycopeptide fraction by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and lectin affinity chromatography uncovered the following saccharide order: terminal galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and pentasaccharide inner core. This sequence is consistent with the N-linked glycan structures demonstrated by methylation and compositional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rusiniak
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260
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30
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Akhoundi C, Amiot M, Auberger P, Le Cam A, Rossi B. Insulin and interleukin-1 differentially regulate pp63, an acute phase phosphoprotein in hepatoma cell line. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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31
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Steel DM, Whitehead AS. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1994; 15:81-8. [PMID: 8155266 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Following an acute phase stimulus, such as infection or physical injury, many liver-derived plasma proteins are increased in concentration. These provide enhanced protection against invading micro-organisms, limit tissue damage and promote a rapid return to homeostasis. Diana Steel and Alexander Whitehead discuss the gene structure, regulation and possible clinical significance of the most dramatically induced acute phase reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Steel
- Dept of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland
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32
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Venembre PC, Nguyen CH, Biou DR, Durand GM. Changes in the glycoforms of rat alpha-1-acid glycoprotein during experimental polyarthritis. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 221:59-71. [PMID: 8149643 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90022-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the carbohydrate moiety of purified alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from Lewis adult male rats that were healthy (AGPh) or had experimental polyarthritis (AGPi). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after N-glycanase treatment showed that AGPi had a slightly lower molecular mass (43 kDa vs. 45 kDa for AGPh) due to a lesser carbohydrate content. Carbohydrate analysis of purified AGP showed a slight decrease in the sialyl and galactosyl molar ratio in polyarthritis. However, the same difference in AGPh and AGPi (i.e. 0.6 residue) between the sialyl and galactosyl molar ratio indicated more than one sialyl residue per complex-type branch. Affinity for concanavalin A (ConA) of the whole glycoprotein and released oligosaccharides showed a progression during polyarthritis towards more reactive glycoforms or more ConA-bound oligosaccharides. Anion-exchange HPLC of the ConA-fractionated oligosaccharides corroborated the decreased sialylation in polyarthritis. Taken together, these results suggest a fall in branched and sialylated oligosaccharides during experimental polyarthritis. These structural changes might be related to an increase in Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc alpha 2-6 sialyltransferase activity described elsewhere in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Venembre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale, UER des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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33
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Fassbender K, Gerber B, Karrer U, Sobieska M, Aeschlimann A, Müller W. Glycosylation of acute phase proteins and interleukins following hip arthroplasty. Inflammation parameters studied in 10 patients. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1993; 64:216-20. [PMID: 7684552 DOI: 10.3109/17453679308994574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed changes in glycosylation and serum concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), antichymotrypsin (AC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and C-reactive protein (CRP) following hip arthroplasty. Glycosylation of AGP and AC showed an increased reactivity to concanavalin A between postoperative Day 2 and Day 5 and Day 10, respectively. Serum levels of AGP and AC increased at the earliest on Day 5. The AC levels returned to baseline by Day 10. AGP, however, exhibited increased values beyond Day 14. CRP levels were elevated at Day 2 and remained increased beyond Day 14. sIL2R showed increased values at Days 5, 10 and 14. IL-6 was the first parameter to increase, and it returned to baseline in less than 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fassbender
- Hochrheininstitut of Rheumatism Research, Bad Säckingen, Germany
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34
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Concanavalin A crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoretic analysis of the major pig serum proteins during fetal development. Electrophoresis 1993; 14:214-9. [PMID: 8486133 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between concanavalin A (Con A) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), transferrin (TF), fetuin, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) has been analyzed by crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) in fetal extracts or sera, from 26-day-old porcine fetuses to birth, and in adult pigs. Most of the TF and AFP (100 and 85-90%, respectively) reacted with Con A during the entire developmental period. AGP showed both two reactive and one nonreactive Con A isoforms, whose proportions change greatly during development. In younger fetuses 100% of the protein was Con A-nonreactive. This variant represented 64% in 50-day-old fetuses, 80% in newborn pigs and 20% in adult sera. Fetuin and AT showed a maximum of three Con A-reactive microforms and one Con A-nonreactive microform, which was always a minor form. These microforms were detected mainly in young fetuses. Although the proportion of Con A-reactive variants of fetuin and AT changes during fetal development, the predominant microform was always that with intermediate affinity against Con A. The same microform was also predominant in adult AT, whereas the more reactive microform in respect to Con A predominates in adult fetuin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lampreave
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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35
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Hrycaj P, Sobieska M, Mackiewicz S, Müller W. Microheterogeneity of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis: dependent on disease duration? Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52:138-41. [PMID: 8447693 PMCID: PMC1004993 DOI: 10.1136/ard.52.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The microheterogeneity of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) was studied using affinity immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A (Con A) in serum samples of 43 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without clinical features of intercurrent infection. The results were expressed as reactivity coefficients. Disease activity was measured by clinical (Lansbury's joint index, Mallya-Mace activity score) and laboratory (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, C reactive protein, and AGP) indices. In contrast with previous reports, suggesting a decrease in AGP-Con A reactivity in patients with RA, high values of AGP reactivity coefficients were found in patients with disease of short duration, which were similar to those found in patients with acute bacterial infections. Conversely, normal or decreased values of AGP reactivity coefficients were found in patients with disease of longer duration. Regression analysis showed a significant relation between AGP reactivity coefficients and disease duration (multiplicative model). No other indices examined were significantly related to disease duration. These results, taken together with previous findings suggesting that cytokines control the glycosylation of acute phase proteins, indicate that differences in the microheterogeneity of AGP in early and longstanding RA reflect differences in cytokine action at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hrycaj
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Karol Marcinkowski University School of Medicine, Poznan, Poland
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36
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Nakamura T, Board PG, Matsushita K, Tanaka H, Matsuyama T, Matsuda T. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein expression in human leukocytes: possible correlation between alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation 1993; 17:33-45. [PMID: 8432561 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein is an acute-phase reactant that becomes markedly elevated in serum during inflammation and has an immunosuppressive effect on lymphocyte functions. Patients with collagen diseases had significant increases of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in their serum and on the surface of peripheral leukocytes compared with controls. The levels from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were higher than those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, and Behçet's disease. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the value of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein correlated with disease activity. Among leukocyte subpopulations, monocytes showed more alpha 1-acid glycoprotein on their surface than polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. The cell surface expression of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein on cultured monocytes surface peaked after 48 h. Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated the production of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein RNA message in peripheral blood mononuclear cells over 18-24 h during cell culture. The results show that serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein reflects systemic disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, monocytes may serve as a source of production of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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37
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The glycan patterns at the individual glycosylation sites in orosomucoid from allergic reaction patients. Chromatographia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02278562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Heegaard PM. Changes in serum glycoprotein glycosylation during experimental inflammation in mice are general, unrelated to protein type, and opposite changes in man and rat: studies on mouse serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-esterase, and alpha 1-protease inhibitor. Inflammation 1992; 16:631-44. [PMID: 1459696 DOI: 10.1007/bf00919346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using the method of crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A in combination with digital image processing, unrelated serum glycoproteins from normal mice and from mice undergoing an experimentally induced inflammation were analyzed for their carbohydrate-derived microheterogeneity profile. This profile changed in a generalized way in mouse serum samples taken at various time intervals after the initial induction of inflammation. The changes are not related to the acute-phase behavior of the protein itself (be it positive, negative, or nonreacting), and they are opposite to the changes in microheterogeneity profiles reported previously for glycoproteins during the acute phase in human and rat sera. These findings are discussed in the context of the biosynthetic control of glycoprotein glycosylation during the acute-phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Heegaard
- Protein Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Denmark
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39
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Mackiewicz A, Rose-John S, Schooltink H, Laciak M, Górny A, Heinrich PC. Soluble human interleukin-6-receptor modulates interleukin-6-dependent N-glycosylation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor secreted by HepG2 cells. FEBS Lett 1992; 306:257-61. [PMID: 1321738 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81012-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces changes in gene expression and the N-glycosylation pattern of acute-phase proteins in hepatocytes. IL-6 exerts its action via a cell surface receptor complex consisting of an 80 kDa IL-6 binding protein (gp80) and a 130 kDa glycoprotein (gp130) involved in signal transduction. A genetically engineered gp80-derived soluble human IL-6-receptor (shIL-6-R) significantly enhanced the IL-6 effect on N-glycosylation changes (revealed by reactivity with the lectin-concanavalin A) of a1-protease inhibitor (PI) secreted by human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Stable transfection of IL-6-cDNA into HepG2 cells (HepG2-IL-6) resulting in constitutive secretion of 2 micrograms of IL-6 per 10(6) cells in 24 h led to a down-regulation of surface-bound gp80 and subsequent homologous desensitization of HepG2-IL-6 cells towards IL-6. Soluble human IL-6-R functionally substituted membrane-bound gp80 resulting in a reconstitution of responsiveness of HepG2-IL-6 cells.
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40
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Holme ER, Qi M, Ahmed AE, Veitch J, Auda G, Whaley K. Purification and characterization of RHP (factor H) and study of its interactions with the first component of complement. Mol Immunol 1992; 29:957-64. [PMID: 1386142 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(92)90134-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RHP has been purified from the plasma of both normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RHP from both these sources was shown to be identical with Factor H by reaction with antisera and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Factor H, from both normal and RA sera, inhibited the solubilization of immune precipitates but did not affect prevention of immune precipitation. Factor H was shown to inhibit the haemolytic activity of fluid-phase C1, but unlike C1-inhibitor, it had little effect on C1 bound to EA (EAC1). Factor H was shown to complex with intact C1, to isolated C1q and to the C1r:C1s tetramer. However, binding of factor H to C1 did not dissociate the C1 macromolecule. A C1-Factor H complex was detected in the serum and plasma from normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and RA. Serum levels of this complex were reduced, by EDTA-treatment of serum and by activation of complement by the classical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Holme
- Department of Pathology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, U.K
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Poüs C, Chauvelot-Moachon L, Lecoustillier M, Durand G. Recombinant human interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor affect glycosylation of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in rats. Inflammation 1992; 16:197-203. [PMID: 1500096 DOI: 10.1007/bf00918809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum concentration and glycosylation of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) were evaluated after the in vivo administration of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF-alpha), alone or associated. The effect of LPS and turpentine was also studied. In all models, serum alpha 1-AGP concentrations were increased and glycosylation was altered. The alpha 1-AGP levels reached 1.8 g/liter with cytokines alone, 2.1 g/liter with cytokines associated or LPS, and 3.4 g/liter with turpentine. Analysis by concanavalin A (Con A) affinoimmunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) revealed that the relative proportion of Con A unreactive form always decreased whatever the inducing agent. On the other hand, the resulting effect on the concentrations of Con A unreactive alpha 1-AGP concentrations was an increase with cytokines alone or LPS and a decrease with cytokines associated or turpentine. These results suggest a dissociation between the alteration in the level of alpha 1-AGP synthesis and in the pattern of its glycosylation in the various inflammatory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poüs
- Département de Biochimie Générale, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Université Paris XI), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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42
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Itoh Y, Maruyama N, Kitamura M, Shirasawa T, Shigemoto K, Koike T. Induction of endogenous retroviral gene product (SU) as an acute-phase protein by IL-6 in murine hepatocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 88:356-9. [PMID: 1373998 PMCID: PMC1554284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Lps locus and IL-6 on the production of SU (previously termed gp70), a mouse endogenous retroviral gene product, was studied. Back-cross studies using the progeny between (NZB x C3H/HeJ)F1 and C3H/HeJ mice indicate that the basal level of SU is not associated with the Lps locus on chromosome 4. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogen response-negative mice did not show the enhancement of serum SU production after LPS injection. Spleen cells from LPS-mitogen response-positive but not from negative mice showed increase of IL-6 synthesis in the presence of LPS. Since IL-6 may be involved in the production of serum SU, we tested the effect of IL-6 in a primary hepatocyte culture system. SU production was clearly enhanced in the presence of recombinant IL-6, indicating that IL-6 induced by LPS can enhance the expression of retroviral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
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43
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Mackiewicz A, Sobieska M, Kapciñska M, Mackiewicz SH, Wiktorowicz KE, Pawłowski T. Different capabilities of monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis to induce glycosylation alterations of acute phase proteins in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51:67-72. [PMID: 1371663 PMCID: PMC1004621 DOI: 10.1136/ard.51.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The effect of conditioned medium on the biosynthesis and glycosylation profile of acute phase proteins secreted by the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 was studied. Conditioned medium was prepared from nonactivated [CM-LPS(-)] and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide activated [CM-LPS(+)] monocytes from eight patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and seven healthy subjects. The biosynthesis of albumin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and the profile of glycosylation of proteinase inhibitor were analysed. CM-LPS(-) from patients with SLE had a similar effect to CM-LPS(-) from healthy subjects. In contrast, CM-LPS(-) from patients with RA had the same effect as CM-LPS(+) from healthy donors. A similar effect to that of CM-LPS(+) of healthy subjects was seen with CM-LPS(+) from patients with SLE and with CM-LPS(+) from patients with RA. The treatment of CM-LPS(+) with antibodies against interleukin 6 neutralised most of its ability to induce changes in the biosynthesis and glycosylation of acute phase proteins. Antibodies to interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha had only a limited effect on the ability of CM-LPS(+) to induce changes of albumin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin syntheses, whereas they had no effect on the biosynthesis and glycosylation of proteinase inhibitor. These results indicate that: (a) monocytes isolated from patients with active SLE and active RA have different capabilities of inducing alterations of acute phase proteins in vitro; (b) ex vivo activation of monocytes from patients with SLE leads to the full induction of its capabilities to change acute phase proteins, whereas the activation of monocytes from patients with RA has no additive effects; and (c) interleukin 6 seems to be a major cytokine involved in the regulation of the glycosylation pattern of acute phase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mackiewicz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, K. Marcinkowski Academy of Medicine, Poznañ, Poland
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44
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Fassbender K, Zimmerli W, Kissling R, Sobieska M, Aeschlimann A, Kellner M, Müller W. Glycosylation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in relation to duration of disease in acute and chronic infection and inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 203:315-27. [PMID: 1777991 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90304-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microheterogeneity of acute phase proteins frequently differs in acute and chronic types of inflammation. However, it is unknown whether these changes depend on the duration of the inflammation in a given disease. We therefore investigated the microheterogeneity of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in sera from patients with acute and chronic bacterial infection in comparison to rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In acute bacterial infection Con A-reactivity of AGP was significantly elevated. By contrast, AGP in chronic bacterial infection showed the same glycosylation pattern as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis being characterized by a decreased reactivity to Con A. Serial measurements in individual patients with bacterial infections showed a transition from the initially elevated to decreased reactivity to Con A as the disease became chronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fassbender
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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van Dijk W, Pos O, van der Stelt ME, Moshage HJ, Yap SH, Dente L, Baumann P, Eap CB. Inflammation-induced changes in expression and glycosylation of genetic variants of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Studies with human sera, primary cultures of human hepatocytes and transgenic mice. Biochem J 1991; 276 ( Pt 2):343-7. [PMID: 1646598 PMCID: PMC1151097 DOI: 10.1042/bj2760343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relative occurrence of genetic variants of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in relation to changes in glycosylation was studied in sera of patients with burn injury, media of cytokine-treated primary cultures of human hepatocytes and Hep 3B cells, and sera of transgenic mice expressing the human AGP-A gene. It is concluded (i) that the glycosylation of AGP was not dependent on its genetic expression and (ii) that both the variants determined by the AGP-A gene as well as by the AGP-B/B' genes are increased after inflammation or treatment with interleukins 1 and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Dijk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Abstract
Cytokines are essential for the communication not only between the liver and extrahepatic sites but also within the liver itself. Cytokines regulate the intermediary metabolism of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and minerals. Cytokines partially interact with classical hormones such as glucocorticoids, resulting in a complex network of mutual control. Since many cytokines exert growth factor-like activities in addition to their specific proinflammatory effects, the distinction between cytokines and growth factors is somewhat artificial. The liver is an important site of synthesis and the major clearance organ for several cytokines. In liver disease, cytokines are involved in the onset of intrahepatic immune responses (e.g., during viral hepatitis), in liver regeneration (e.g., after partial hepatectomy) and in the fibrotic and cirrhotic transformation of the liver such as chronic chemical injury or viral infection. Further studies of cytokine actions may lead to a better understanding of liver diseases and to the development of new immunomodulating therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Andus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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47
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MacDonald SM, Lichtenstein LM. Histamine-releasing factors and heterogeneity of IgE. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1990; 12:415-28. [PMID: 1710830 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The duration and severity of the allergic response are variable. Even though antigens are rapidly cleared from the individual, an acute allergic response is frequently followed by a recrudescence of symptoms hours or even days after the initial exposure. Experimentally, the cellular infiltrates and mediators released during this late response resemble those associated with chronic inflammatory disease. Although basophils are present in this late reaction, the stimuli for their activation remain unknown. A heterogeneous group of unique cytokines called histamine-releasing factors (HRF), discovered over a decade ago, may well play a role in stimulating basophils during this late-phase reaction. These factors have been reported from a variety of cell sources including alveolar macrophages, platelets, vascular endothelial cells, B and T lymphocytes, mononuclear cell cultures, the U937 monocyte/macrophage-like cell line and the RPMI 8866 B cell line. These ubiquitous factors cause non-cytotoxic, calcium-dependent mediator release from human basophils in vitro and are also present and active in vivo. Purification attempts have revealed that HRF exists in at least three forms, based on molecular weight. In our hands, the mechanism of mediator release by one of the forms of HRF is IgE dependent. Since only about 50% of allergic donors' basophils respond to HRF, a heretofore unappreciated heterogeneity of IgE was revealed. The presence of HRF has been shown to correlate with severity of allergic disease in children with food allergies, with symptoms in the late-phase response in adults and with severity of the allergic response to an inhaled antigen. Thus, the study of HRF has evolved over the last decade and may lead to better understanding of the complex allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
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48
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Schultz DR, Arnold PI. Properties of four acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1990; 20:129-47. [PMID: 1705051 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(90)90055-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four plasma proteins, referred to as positive acute phase proteins because of increases in concentration following inflammatory stimuli, are reviewed: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and fibrinogen. The CRP and SAA may increase in concentration as much as 1000-fold, the AAG and fibrinogen approximately twofold to fourfold. All are synthesized mainly in the liver, but each may be produced in a number of extrahepatic sites. The role of cytokines in induction of the acute phase proteins is discussed, particularly the multiple functional capabilities of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Other cytokines that regulate acute phase gene expression and protein synthesis include IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, as well as other stimulatory factors and cofactors. The physicochemical characteristics of each protein are reviewed together with the molecular biology. For each protein, the known biological effects are detailed. The following functions for CRP have been described: reaction with cell surface receptors resulting in opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis, and passive protection; activation of the classical complement pathway; scavenger for chromatin fragments; inhibition of growth and/or metastases of tumor cells; modulation of polymorphonuclear function; and a few additional diverse activities. The role of plasma SAA is described as a precursor of protein AA in secondary amyloidosis; other functions are speculative. AAG may play an immunoregulatory role as well as a role in binding a number of diverse drugs. In addition to clot formation, new data are described for binding of fibrinogen and fibrin to complement receptor type 3. Finally, the concentration of each protein is discussed in a wide variety of noninfectious and infectious disease states, particularly in connective tissue diseases. The quantification of the proteins during the course of various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders is useful in diagnosis, therapy, and in some cases, prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Schultz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL
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49
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Mackiewicz A, Kushner I. Transforming growth factor beta 1 influences glycosylation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor in human hepatoma cell lines. Inflammation 1990; 14:485-97. [PMID: 2174406 DOI: 10.1007/bf00914270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that changes in acute-phase protein glycosylation result from alterations occurring within hepatocytes as a result of regulation by cytokines, that the glycosylation patterns of proteins secreted by Hep 3B and Hep G2 cells respond differently to the crude mixtures of cytokines found in conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated monocytes, and that interleukin-6 (IL-6) causes increased concanavalin A (Con A) binding of alpha 1 protease inhibitor in Hep 3B cells and decreased Con A binding of this protein in Hep G2 cells. In the present study we found that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta), like IL-6, led to secretion of forms of alpha 1-protease inhibitor with increased Con A binding in Hep 3B cells, and that IL-6 and TGF-beta in combination were additive. In contrast, in Hep G2 cells, TGF-beta had an effect opposite to that produced by IL-6, leading to secretion of forms of alpha 1-protease inhibitor with increased Con A binding. When employed in combination with IL-6. TGF-beta abolished the effect of that cytokine. These studies indicate that TGF-beta influences glycosylation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor in two human hepatoma cell lines in a manner that can be differentiated from that of IL-6. The identification of TGF-beta as a second defined cytokine capable of influencing glycoprotein glycosylation and the demonstration that the effect of one cytokine can be modulated by another cytokine support the view that changes in glycosylation of plasma proteins are mediated by combinations of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mackiewicz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Academy of Medicine, Poznan, Poland
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50
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MACKIEWICZ ANDRZEJ, GANAPATHI MAHRUKHK, SCHULTZ DEBRA, BRABENEC ANNE, KUSHNER IRVING. Transforming Growth Factor-?1 Affects Acute Phase Protein Synthesis and Glycosylation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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