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Claas ECJ, Rezek Y, Sterk L, Russcher A, Verhees FB, Heijne-Tol A, Smits PHM, Nijhuis RHT. Diagnosing viral gastro-enteritis using the fully automated sample-in, result-out STARlet All in one system (AIOS). J Virol Methods 2024; 329:114985. [PMID: 38878870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The STARlet All-In-One system is a modular platform that integrates the complete molecular diagnostic workflow from nucleic acid extraction of clinical samples to PCR set-up and amplification. The platform was evaluated in comparison with laboratory developed tests (LDT) on fecal samples from patients with suspected viral gastro-enteritis. In a retrospective study, 72 positive samples were analysed, including all pathogens detected by the Seegene Allplex™ GI-virus assay, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus GI and GII, sapovirus, and rotavirus. Concordant results were obtained for 69 samples (96 %). Three discordant results were observed, one norovirus GII positive that gave an invalid result in the AIOS and two samples that were negative in the AIOS. One adenovirus positive that was subtyped as a genotype 2 virus, which is not associated with gastro-enteritis, and a sapovirus. In the prospective part of the study, 661 fecal samples were included. A total of 61 positive samples were detected, of which 60 were also detected by the AIOS. One norovirus GII positive sample (CT 35.2) was tested negative in the AIOS. Two additional sapovirus positive samples, CT 37 and 38, were detected by the AIOS but not by the LDT. The STARlet All-In-One platforms results in an automated molecular workflow with reduced hands-on time and enables running assays during out of office hours. Application of the Seegene Allplex™ GI-virus assay showed excellent concordance to the current diagnostic LDT. In a prospective comparison, only three discordant results were observed, all with CT values over 35 and therefore unlikely of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C J Claas
- Center for Infectious Diseases - Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Youssef Rezek
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Sterk
- Center for Infectious Diseases - Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Russcher
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Fabienne B Verhees
- Center for Infectious Diseases - Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Heijne-Tol
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Atal-medial, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Smits
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Atal-medial, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel H T Nijhuis
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Keung ES, Souers RJ, Bridge JA, Faquin WC, Graham RP, Hameed MR, Lewis JS, Merker JD, Vasalos P, Moncur JT. Comparative Performance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus RNA and DNA In Situ Hybridization on College of American Pathologists Proficiency Tests. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 144:344-349. [PMID: 31483999 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0093-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in squamous cell carcinoma is important for classification and prognostication. In situ hybridization (ISH) is a commonly used HR-HPV-specific test that targets viral RNA or DNA. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) provides proficiency testing for laboratories performing HR-HPV ISH. OBJECTIVE.— To compare the analytical performance of RNA- and DNA-based ISH methods on CAP HR-HPV proficiency tests. DESIGN.— Data from the 2016-2018 CAP HPV ISH proficiency testing surveys were reviewed. These surveys consist of well-characterized samples with known status for HR-HPV, including 1 to 2 copies, 50 to 100 copies, 300 to 500 copies, and no copies of HR-HPV per cell. RESULTS.— Ninety-five participants submitted 1268 survey results from 20 cores. Overall, RNA ISH had a significantly higher percentage of correct responses than DNA ISH: 97.4% (450 of 462) versus 80.6% (650 of 806) (P < .001). This disparity appears to be the consequence of a superior sensitivity of RNA ISH compared to DNA ISH for samples with 1 to 2 and with 50 to 100 copies of HR-HPV per cell: 95.2% (120 of 126) versus 53.8% (129 of 240), P < .001, respectively, and 100% (89 of 89) versus 76.3% (119 of 156), P < .001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS.— An assessment of CAP HR-HPV proficiency test performance indicates that RNA ISH shows significantly higher accuracy than DNA ISH owing to higher analytical sensitivity of RNA ISH in tumors with low (1-2 copies per cell) to intermediate (50-100 copies per cell) HR-HPV viral copy numbers. These data support the use of RNA over DNA ISH in clinical laboratories that perform HR-HPV testing as part of their testing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Keung
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Rhona J Souers
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Julia A Bridge
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - William C Faquin
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Rondell P Graham
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Meera R Hameed
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - James S Lewis
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Jason D Merker
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Patricia Vasalos
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
| | - Joel T Moncur
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Keung); Biostatistics Department (Ms Souers) and Proficiency Testing (Ms Vasalos), College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)/Ashion Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Dr Bridge); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Faquin); the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Hameed); the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (Dr Merker); and Office of the Director, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Moncur)
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Ayub Y, Mollel JT, Mbugi EV. Potential Value of Qiagen and PrepIT•MAX Kits in Extraction of Mycobacterial DNA From Presumptive Tuberculosis Archived Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. East Afr Health Res J 2018; 2:18-25. [PMID: 34308170 PMCID: PMC8279293 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj-d-17-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA analysis has potential for screening for and diagnosing a variety of conditions as well as the characterization of various pathogens for many purposes including to identify genetic disorders and mutations, study genetic diversity, and establish evolutional trends. METHODS Our study compared the performance of 2 DNA extraction kits: Qiagen and prepIT•MAX. The study tested 160 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissue samples that had been collected at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) between 2010 and 2016. For each sample, DNA extraction was performed using both the Qiagen and prepIT•MAX kits followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to target the RNA polymerase gene and gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The findings showed that the Qiagen was 3 times superior to the prepIT•MAX kit in successfully extracting mycobacterial DNA from presumptive tuberculosis (TB) FFPE tissues. Of the 160 previously Ziehl-Neelsen stain-negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis suspicious tissue samples, 12 (7.5%) tested positive with the PCR. Of the 12 PCR-detected positive samples, 8 (66.7%) yielded positive results with the Qiagen kit only and 4 (33.3%) yielded positive results with both Qiagen and prepIT•MAX kits. Additionally, 10 (83.3%) came from well-formed granuloma, 1 (8%) from caseous necrosis, and 1 (8.3%) Langhans-type giant cells endorsing their potential for housing infection such as TB adenitis. CONCLUSIONS A combination of molecular techniques, microscopy, and pathological features increases detection of M. tuberculosis from FFPE tissues. Both the Qiagen and the prepIT•MAX DNA extraction kits have shown a remarkable capability for extracting DNA from M. tuberculosis, although examination of FFPE tissues is not an intended use for the prepIT MAX, according to the manufacturer. In resource-limited countries, however, these kits may complement each other. We recommend further studies for validation and optimization, which includes the cost effectiveness of prepIT•MAX extraction kit to advocate for its use in extraction of mycobacterial DNA from FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Ayub
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elders & Children, Department of Human Resources Development, Singida Health Laboratory Assistants Training Centre, Singida, Tanzania
| | - Jackson T Mollel
- Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Erasto V Mbugi
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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4
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Park CS, Manahan LJ, Brigati DJ. Automated Molecular Pathology : One Hour In Situ DNA Hybridization. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1991.14.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Coates PJ. Paraffin Section Molecular Biology: Review of Current Techniques. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1991.14.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
Technology for infectious agent detection continues to evolve, particularly molecular methods that first emerged in the mid-1970s. The goals of new technology in diagnostics, whether in humans or in animals, including poultry, are to achieve the highest sensitivity and specificity possible to accurately identify the infection status of an individual or flock in the shortest time possible. Ease of use, low cost and increased information from a single test (e.g. multiplexing) are also critical areas frequently targeted for improvement. New tests and modifications of current tests are reported often, and diagnostic tests are now commonly developed by commercial companies. As one would expect, most advances in diagnostic technology are applied first to human health, and then may be adapted to animal health if practical. In the present review the trends and novel innovative technologies in primarily viral diagnostics are reviewed and the practicality of these methods and application for poultry health are discussed briefly. Also, influenza will seem to be over-represented in viral diagnostics since it is frequently used as a proof-of-concept target for novel technology due to its importance for animal and public health. Finally, the review is intended to be a brief survey of some of the innovative diagnostic technologies reported in recent years. It is not entirely comprehensive of all technology and the author makes no claims or endorsements of any of the technology or products mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Spackman
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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7
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Yehia L, Adib-Houreih M, Raslan WF, Kibbi AG, Loya A, Firooz A, Satti M, El-Sabban M, Khalifeh I. Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification: analysis of 122 biopsies with varied parasite index. J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39:347-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Hagiwara M, Tomita A, Takata K, Shimoyama Y, Yoshino T, Tomita Y, Nakamura S. Primary cutaneous CD30 positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with aberrant expression of PAX5: Report of three cases. Pathol Int 2012; 62:264-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schlecht NF, Brandwein-Gensler M, Nuovo GJ, Li M, Dunne A, Kawachi N, Smith RV, Burk RD, Prystowsky MB. A comparison of clinically utilized human papillomavirus detection methods in head and neck cancer. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1295-305. [PMID: 21572401 PMCID: PMC3157570 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer has therapeutic implications. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for p16 are used by surgical pathologists. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of three popular commercial tests for HPV detection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with a 'gold standard' HPV PCR assay. A total of 110 prospectively collected, formalin-fixed tumor specimens were compiled onto tissue microarrays and tested for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization with two probe sets, a biotinylated probe for high-risk (HR) HPV types 16/18 (Dako, CA, USA) and a probe cocktail for 16/18, plus 10 additional HR types (Ventana, AZ, USA). The p16(INK4) expression was also assessed using a Pharmingen immunohistochemistry antibody (BD Biosciences, CA, USA). Tissue microarrays were stained and scored at expert laboratories. HPV DNA was detected by MY09/11-PCR, using Gold AmpliTaq and dot-blot hybridization on matched-fresh frozen specimens in a research laboratory. HPV 16 E6 and E7-RNA expression was also measured using RT-PCR. Test performance was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis. HR-HPV DNA types 16, 18 and 35 were detected by MY-PCR in 28% of tumors, with the majority (97%) testing positive for type 16. Compared with MY-PCR, the sensitivity and specificity for HR-HPV DNA detection with Dako in situ hybridization was 21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7-42) and 100% (95% CI: 93-100), respectively. Corresponding test results by Ventana in situ hybridization were 59% (95% CI: 39-78) and 58% (95% CI: 45-71), respectively. The p16 immunohistochemistry performed better overall than Dako (P=0.042) and Ventana (P=0.055), with a sensitivity of 52% (95% CI: 32-71) and specificity of 93% (95% CI: 84-98). Compared with a gold standard HPV-PCR assay, HPV detection by in situ hybridization was less accurate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on tissue microarrays than p16 immunohistochemistry. Further testing is warranted before these assays should be recommended for clinical HPV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F. Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Maomi Li
- Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, LLC, successor to Genzyme Genetics, NY, USA
| | - Anne Dunne
- Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics); Microbiology & Immunology; Obstetrics and Gynecology & Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Richard V. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA, Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA, Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics); Microbiology & Immunology; Obstetrics and Gynecology & Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
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10
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Asano N, Kinoshita T, Tamaru JI, Ohshima K, Yoshino T, Niitsu N, Tsukamoto N, Hirabayashi K, Izutsu K, Taniwaki M, Morishima Y, Nakamura S. Cytotoxic molecule-positive classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathological comparison with cytotoxic molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma of not otherwise specified type. Haematologica 2011; 96:1636-43. [PMID: 21859738 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells, which are of B-cell origin in many cases. We recently highlighted the adverse prognostic significance of cytotoxic molecule expression in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, the clinical characteristics of cytotoxic molecule-positive classical Hodgkin's lymphoma remain controversial. DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the clinicopathological profiles of 32 patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising 23 with nodular sclerosis and 9 with mixed cellularity, and compared these profiles with those of 55 patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified and 439 patients with cytotoxic molecule-negative Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULTS The patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma consisted of 20 men and 12 women with a median age of 50 years (range, 19 to 81). All these patients had lymphadenopathy at presentation, and 14 showed mediastinal involvement. Physical findings included hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in six patients each. Four patients had a bulky mass, and nine showed stage IV disease. The tumor cells of patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma had a prototypic immunophenotype of CD15(+) CD30(+) CD45RO(-) fascin(+), with positivity for Epstein-Barr virus in 39% of cases. All patients were negative for Pax5. In comparison with patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, patients with cytotoxic-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma had relatively mild clinical symptoms, similar to those of patients with cytotoxic molecule-negative Hodgkin's lymphoma. Regarding prognosis, the survival of patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma was worse than that of patients with cytotoxic molecule-negative Hodgkin's lymphoma (P = 0.0003) but better than that of patients with cytotoxic molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis, even if its clinicopathological features are within the boundaries of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. More effective chemotherapy for cytotoxic molecule-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma is clearly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Asano
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Park ST, Song MJ, Park JS, Hur SY, Lee CW. Incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:72. [PMID: 21752252 PMCID: PMC3151219 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal allograft recipients are reported to have a higher incidence of malignancy than the general population. This single hospital-based study examined the incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. METHODS Among 453 women receiving renal transplantation from January 1990 to December 2008, 5 patients were diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. Medical records of these 5 patients were retrospectively reviewed, and clinicopathologic data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients was 58.1 out of 100,000 per year, which is 3.5 times higher than in the general Korean population. The mean interval between the time of renal transplantation and the time of cervical carcinoma diagnosis was 80.7 months. After a median follow-up of 96.2 months, there was no recurrence of the disease or death. In 4 patients who were positive from human papillomavirus in situ hybridization (HPV ISH), high or probably high risk HPV DNA was detected in all. Punctate staining of HPV ISH was detected in 3 out of 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence of cervical carcinoma is expected in renal transplant recipients, so appropriate surveillance is needed to ensure early detection and treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Taek Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zehbe I, Richard C, Lee KF, Campbell M, Hampson L, Hampson IN. Lopinavir shows greater specificity than zinc finger ejecting compounds as a potential treatment for human papillomavirus-related lesions. Antiviral Res 2011; 91:161-6. [PMID: 21669231 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-surgical, antiviral treatment options are desirable for HPV-related lesions within the genitourinary and upper digestive tract. We compared the toxicity of three zinc finger-ejecting (ZFE) compounds (4,4-dithiodimorpholine, azodicarbonamide, and diamide) to the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir using HPV-positive SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, ME180, and HPV-negative C33A cervical carcinoma cell lines as well as primary human foreskin keratinocytes (PHFKs). Colorimetric growth assays revealed selective toxicity when treated with lopinavir. All carcinoma cell lines, except CaSki, were sensitive to 20 μM lopinavir whereas primary PHFKs were highly resistant. In contrast, 4,4-dithiodimorpholine was uniformly toxic to all cells tested while azodicarbonamide and diamide showed no effect at all. It is concluded that lopinavir may be an attractive candidate to treat pre-cancerous and cancerous HPV-positive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of colorectal micropapillary carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:729-38. [PMID: 21336262 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is associated with frequent lymph node metastasis and adverse clinical outcome. Initially described as a variant of breast and ovarian carcinoma, it has subsequently been found in other organs, most recently the colon. Reports of colorectal micropapillary carcinoma to date are limited in number, and their molecular profile has not been established. The aims of the present study were to analyze their clinicopathological features and molecular profile, and compare them with those of conventional adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathological features of a cohort of 379 patients with primary colorectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of the pattern characteristic of micropapillary carcinoma. We also assessed the expression of KRT7, KRT20, CEACAM5, MUC1 (EMA, clone E29), MUC1 (clone MA695), MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and TP53 by immunohistochemistry. Genetic assessments of microsatellite instability, chromosomes 17p and 18q, and mutations in TP53, BRAF and KRAS were performed using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. In all, 60 of the reviewed cases (16%) had a micropapillary component that ranged from 5 to 95% of the tumor, characterized by a higher frequency of an infiltrative pattern, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, a higher depth of invasion and more positive lymph nodes than conventional adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for MUC1 (clone MA695) and MUC1 (EMA, clone E29) enhanced the characteristic inside-out staining pattern of the micropapillary carcinoma component, whereas the rest of the tumor showed luminal staining patterns. KRT7 expression was slightly increased in micropapillary carcinoma, but did not reach significance (17-3%, P=0.1967). The molecular parameters showed a higher frequency of TP53 alterations and a low incidence of microsatellite instability and RER phenotype (loss of mismatch repair protein) in micropapillary carcinoma. With regard to the histological parameters, micropapillary carcinoma appears to be more aggressive than conventional colorectal adenocarcinoma. The molecular profile supports the hypothesis that micropapillary carcinoma carcinogenesis develops through the classical chromosomal instability pathway.
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Tornesello ML, Losito S, Benincasa G, Fulciniti F, Botti G, Greggi S, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants and risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:32-42. [PMID: 21211829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have been extensively studied in uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma and HPV16 variants have been found to be associated with increased cancer risk, but few reports have been published on genotype distribution and HPV16 variant prevalence in adenocarcinoma tumors. The objective of this study was to analyze viral genotypes and HPV16 intratypic variants in cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of Italian women. METHODS A total of 39 invasive adenocarcinoma and 132 squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and classified according to the modified WHO classification. HPV sequences were detected by nested PCR, using the broad spectrum consensus-primer pairs MY09/MY11 and the GP5+/GP6+ system, and genotyped by nucleotide sequence analysis. The HPV16-positive cases were amplified with E6-specific oligonucleotides and amplimers subjected to direct nucleotide sequence for variant identification. RESULTS The prevalence rate of any HPV infection was 72% in adenocarcinoma, and 85% in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Among the 140 HPV-positive cancer cases, a total of nine mucosal HPV genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 58, 82) epidemiologically classified as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic viruses were identified. The HPV type 16 was the most common viral type representing 64% and 73% of all infections in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The E6 nucleotide sequence analysis of HPV16 isolates allowed the identification of Asian American (AA) variants in 33% of adenocarcinoma and in 20% of squamous cell carcinoma suggesting their stronger association with cancer of glandular origin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HPV16 has a high prevalence in both invasive adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma from Italian patients. Moreover this study confirms previous observations, summarized in a systematic review of the literature, on the increased cancer risk of HPV16 AA class in adenoglandular cancer, possibly related to their more oncogenic behavior compared to HPV16 European variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, and AIDS Reference Centre, National Cancer Institute, Fond. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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15
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Huijsmans CJ, Damen J, van der Linden JC, Savelkoul PH, Hermans MH. Comparative analysis of four methods to extract DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues: effect on downstream molecular applications. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:239. [PMID: 20840759 PMCID: PMC2954845 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large portion of tissues stored worldwide for diagnostic purposes is formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE). These FFPE-archived tissues are an extremely valuable source for retrospective (genetic) studies. These include mutation screening in cancer-critical genes as well as pathogen detection. In this study we evaluated the impact of several widely used DNA extraction methods on the quality of molecular diagnostics on FFPE tissues. Findings We compared 4 DNA extraction methods from 4 identically processed FFPE mammary-, prostate-, colon- and lung tissues with regard to PCR inhibition, real time SNP detection and amplifiable fragment size. The extraction methods, with and without proteinase K pre-treatment, tested were: 1) heat-treatment, 2) QIAamp DNA-blood-mini-kit, 3) EasyMAG NucliSens and 4) Gentra Capture-Column-kit. Amplifiable DNA fragment size was assessed by multiplexed 200-400-600 bp PCR and appeared highly influenced by the extraction method used. Proteinase K pre-treatment was a prerequisite for proper purification of DNA from FFPE. Extractions with QIAamp, EasyMAG and heat-treatment were found suitable for amplification of fragments up to 400 bp from all tissues, 600 bp amplification was marginally successful (best was QIAamp). QIAamp and EasyMAG extracts were found suitable for downstream real time SNP detection. Gentra extraction was unsuitable. Hands-on time was lowest for heat-treatment, followed by EasyMAG. Conclusions We conclude that the extraction method plays an important role with regard to performance in downstream molecular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Jj Huijsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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Agoston ES, Robinson SJ, Mehra KK, Birch C, Semmel D, Mirkovic J, Haddad RI, Posner MR, Kindelberger D, Krane JF, Brodsky J, Crum CP. Polymerase chain reaction detection of HPV in squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 134:36-41. [PMID: 20551264 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp1aawxe5jjclz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is routinely performed on oropharyngeal carcinomas. We compared the Access Genetics (Minneapolis, MN) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (AGPCR), DNA-DNA in situ hybridization (ISH; Ventana, Tucson, AZ), and HPV-16 E7 PCR amplification in consecutively accessioned oropharyngeal cancers. We tested 126 cases by both PCR methods; 102 were positive by either for a maximum positive rate (MPR) of 81.0%. Relative to the MPR, the sensitivities of AGPCR and E7 PCR were 90.2% and 72.5%, respectively. Of 17 AGPCR+ cases tested by ISH, 14/14 unequivocally positive/negative were concordant. All cases (97/97) positive by either PCR assay were positive for p16. There was no relationship between level of histologic differentiation and HPV status. ISH and AGPCR have comparable performance for the detection of HPV in oropharyngeal carcinomas. PCR is a suitable and economical assay that is comparable to ISH in sensitivity and may provide logistical advantages relative to ISH for assessing HPV status in oropharyngeal malignancies. However, it is imperative that appropriate sensitivity controls be in place for such assays.
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Morgan K, Lam L, Kalsheker N. A rapid and efficient method for DNA extraction from paraffin wax embedded tissue for PCR amplification. Mol Pathol 2010; 49:M179-80. [PMID: 16696069 PMCID: PMC408047 DOI: 10.1136/mp.49.3.m179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA from archival, formaldehyde fixed, paraffin wax embedded human tissue, suitable for amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was obtained using a microwave method based on the capture of DNA by magnetic beads. Fragments of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene (AAT) and the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) were amplified successfully from human liver and brain tissue, respectively. This procedure provides a more rapid, simple and efficient method for reproducibly obtaining DNA from preserved tissue that has been kept in storage for up to 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morgan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH
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Saini R, Khim TP, Rahman SA, Ismail M, Tang TH. High-risk human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. Virol J 2010; 7:131. [PMID: 20550718 PMCID: PMC2901268 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with oral cancer has been established recently. Detecting these viruses in oral cavity is important to prevent oral lesions related to them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. A total of 70 women, previously diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 46 children of these women, born by vaginal delivery only, were selected for this study. Buccal swabs were collected from their oral cavity and HPV detection was carried out using Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk HPV (HC2 HR-HPV) detection system. RESULTS Out of 70 women with cervical cancer, four (5.71%) were found to be positive for HR-HPV in their oral cavity. No association of HR-HPV was found with sociodemographic profile, marital status, reproductive history, tobacco and alcohol usage, contraceptive pills usage, and presence of oral lesions (p>0.05). Among children, HR-HPV in the oral cavity was detected in only 1 of the 46 subjects examined (2.17%). Clinically healthy oral mucosa, without any oral lesions, was observed in all the HR-HPV positive subjects. CONCLUSION The result of this study showed that there is low, if any, risk of HR-HPV infection in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer. Further, our study suggests that there is very low risk for children of women with cervical cancer, to acquire and sustain HR-HPV in their oral cavity until childhood or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Saini
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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19
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García-Espinosa B, Nieto-Bona MP, Rueda S, Silva-Sánchez LF, Piernas-Morales MC, Carro-Campos P, Cortés-Lambea L, Moro-Rodríguez E. Genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with cervical lesions in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Diagn Pathol 2009; 4:31. [PMID: 19740435 PMCID: PMC2749013 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The HVP vaccine is a useful tool for preventing cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the most frequent HPV genotypes in Equatorial Guinea in order to develop future vaccination strategies to apply in this country. Methods A campaign against cervical cancer was carried out in the area on a total of 1,680 women. 26 of the women, following cytological screening, were treated surgically with a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Cases were studied histologically and were genotyped from paraffin blocks by applying a commercial kit that recognized 35 HPV types. Results Cytological diagnoses included 17 HSIL, 1 LSIL, 5 ASC-H and 3 AGUS. Histological diagnosis resulted in 3 cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma stage IA of FIGO, 9 CIN-3, 8 CIN-2, 2 CIN-1, 3 flat condylomas and mild dysplasia of the endocervical epithelium. Fifteen of twenty-five cases genotyped were positive for HPV (60%). HPV 16 and 33 were identified in four cases each, HPV 58 in two other cases, and HPV 18, 31, 52, and 82 in one case, with one HPV 16 and 58 coinfection. Conclusion The frequency of HPV types in the African area varies in comparison to other regions, particularly in Europe and USA. Vaccination against the five most common HPV types (16, 33, 58, 18, and 31) should be considered in the geographic region of West Africa and specifically in Equatorial Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín García-Espinosa
- Department of Histology and Anatomical Pathology, Rey Juan Carlos University School of Medicine, Av. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Herrera-Goepfert R, Lizano M, Akiba S, Carrillo-García A, Becker-D’Acosta M. Human papilloma virus and esophageal carcinoma in a Latin-American region. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3142-7. [PMID: 19575494 PMCID: PMC2705737 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population.
METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were obtained from Department of Pathology files, at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City during the period between 2000 and 2008. Slides from each case were reviewed and cases with sufficient neoplastic tissue were selected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect HPV DNA sequences. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from corresponding clinical records.
RESULTS: HPV was detected in 15 (25%) of ESCCs. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed genotype, followed by HPV-18; HPV-59 was also detected in one case. Unfortunately, HPV genotype could not be established in three cases due to lack of material for direct sequencing, although universal primers detected the presence of HPV generic sequences. No low-risk HPV genotypes were found nor was HPV-16/18 co-infection. HPV presence in ESCC was not significantly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, anatomic location, or histologic grade. All patients belonged to low and very low socioeconomic strata, and were diagnosed at advanced disease stage. Male patients were most commonly affected and the male:female ratio in HPV-positive ESCC increased two-fold in comparison with HPV-negative cases (6.5:1 vs 3.1:1).
CONCLUSION: High prevalence of high-risk HPV in ESCC in Mexico does not support the hypothesis that HPV-associated ESCC is more common in areas with higher ESCC incidence rates.
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Bohn OL, Navarro L, Saldivar J, Sanchez-Sosa S. Identification of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous papillomas. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7107-11. [PMID: 19084918 PMCID: PMC2776841 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) and determine p16, p53 and Ki67 expression in a Mexican cohort.
METHODS: Nineteen cases diagnosed as ESP, corresponding to 18 patients were reviewed; nineteen cases of normal esophageal mucosa were used as negative controls. HPV detection was performed by amplified chromogenic in situ hybridization (ACISH) using a wide spectrum-cocktail probe and PCR.
RESULTS: The average age at presentation was 46.3 years (range 28-72 years). Patients included four (22.22%) males and 14 (77.77%) females. The most frequent location was upper third (11 cases), followed by middle third (3 cases) and unknown site (5 cases). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed basal and focal p53 expression in 17 cases (89%); p16 was expressed in eight cases (42.10%) and the Ki67 index ranged from 10% to 30%. HPV was detected in 14 out of 16 cases (87.5%) by ACISH: Twelve showed diffuse nuclear patterns and two showed granular patterns. HPV DNA was identified by PCR in 12 out of 14 cases (85.7%). Low-risk HPV types were detected in the most of the cases.
CONCLUSION: This study provides identification of HPV infection in almost 80% of ESP using either ACISH or PCR; overall, all of these lesions show low expression of cell-cycle markers. We suggest ACISH as an alternative diagnostic tool for HPV detection in ESP.
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Götz A, Isohanni P, Pihko H, Paetau A, Herva R, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Valanne L, Marjavaara S, Suomalainen A. Thymidine kinase 2 defects can cause multi-tissue mtDNA depletion syndrome. Brain 2008; 131:2841-50. [PMID: 18819985 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) is a severe recessively inherited disease of childhood. It manifests most often in infancy, is rapidly progressive and leads to early death. MDS is caused by an increasing number of nuclear genes leading to multisystemic or tissue-specific decrease in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) has been reported to cause a myopathic form of MDS. We report here the clinical, autopsy and molecular genetic findings of rapidly progressive fatal infantile mitochondrial syndrome. All of our seven patients had rapidly progressive myopathy/encephalomyopathy, leading to respiratory failure within the first 3 years of life, with high creatine kinase values and dystrophic changes in the muscle with cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres. In addition, two patients also had terminal-phase seizures, one had epilepsia partialis continua and one had cortical laminar necrosis. We identified two different homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the TK2 gene in all the patients: c.739 C s -> T and c.898 C -> T, leading to p.R172W and p.R225W changes at conserved protein sites. R172W mutation led to myopathy or encephalomyopathy with the onset during the first months of life, and was associated with severe mtDNA depletion in the muscle, brain and liver. Homozygosity for R225W mutation manifested during the second year of life as a myopathy, and showed muscle-specific mtDNA depletion. Both mutations originated from single ancient founders, with Finnish origin and enrichment for the new R172W mutation, and possibly Scandinavian ancestral origin for the R225W. We conclude that TK2 mutations may manifest as infantile-onset fatal myopathy with dystrophic features, but should be considered also in infantile progressive encephalomyopathy with wide-spread mtDNA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Götz
- Research Programme of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Moro-Rodríguez E, Álvarez-Fernández E. Losses of expression of the antigens A, Lea and Lex and over-expression of Ley in carcinomas and HG-SIL of the uterine cervix. Diagn Pathol 2008; 3:38. [PMID: 18786253 PMCID: PMC2551588 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-3-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycosylation of a great number of molecules, glyco-protein or glycolipids, has been of interest for decades. OBJECTIVE To compare the expressive patterns of the isoantigenic determinants of histo-blood groups ABH and Lewis in squamous and simple epithelium and in precursors and cancers of the cervix. METHODS A total of 36 lesions and neoplasms (10 LG-SIL, 16 HG-SIL and 10 invasive carcinomas) have been studied with immunohistochemical techniques, using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb BG1 to BG8) for precursor chains, blood-group ABH and Lewis group Le(a), Le(b), Le(x), and Le(y), and four types of lectins. In addition, we have studied the expression of p53 protein and PCNA, establishing the rate of proliferation of each lesion. Using PCR techniques, we have also detected part of the intron of the E6 gene of HPV-16. RESULTS In the invasive cervical carcinomas, we observed a loss of expression of the Le(x) antigen (p < 0.01). With regard to the progression of the different lesions studied, we found alterations in the patterns of expression of the antigens of the ABH and Lewis blood groups. There was a tendency towards a loss of expression and heterogeneous patterns in the more advanced lesions, as well as over-expression of the Le(y) antigens. With PCNA, we established a proliferative rate which tended to be greater in relation to the progression of the cervix neoplasms. CONCLUSION These results indicate that there is a relation between the losses of histo-blood groups and the progression of the squamous intraepithelial lesions.
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Noteborn MH, Verschueren CA, Van Roozelaar DJ, Veldkamp S, Van Der Eb AJ, de Boer GF. Detection of chicken anaemia virus by DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol 2008; 21:107-18. [PMID: 18670920 DOI: 10.1080/03079459208418823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A clone containing the complete genome of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was used in hybridizations with DNA from various field isolates of CAV. CAV DNA from all field isolates was detected in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotides derived from the sequence of the cloned CAV DNA as primers. By way of Southern blot analysis with (32)P-labelled DNA probes derived from cloned CAV DNA, all field isolates were shown to contain DNA molecules of about 2.3 kb, i.e. the size of cloned CAV DNA. In a dot-blot assay it was demonstrated that non-radioactively-labelled cloned CAV DNA hybridized specifically to DNA from field isolates. The cloned CAV DNA is highly similar to the DNA of field isolates, as borne out by restriction-enzyme mapping. We conclude that our cloned CAV genome is representative for CAV in the field. The described PCR and hybridization techniques, may, therefore, be used for research and diagnosis of CAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Noteborn
- Laboratory for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Sylvius Laboratory, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Koh JS, Lee SS, Baek HJ, Kim YI. No association of high-risk human papillomavirus with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas among Koreans, as determined by polymerase chain reaction. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:114-7. [PMID: 18269645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma varies greatly with race and geographic location. It has been suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancers, and that the incidence of esophageal cancers associated with HPV depends on the geographic location of the patient population. In studies performed on tumor specimens collected from areas with a low incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, HPV infection was detected in only a small percentage of tumors, whereas studies performed on specimens obtained from areas with a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas provided strong evidence that HPV plays a significant role in esophageal carcinogenesis. To elucidate the putative role of HPV infection in the etiology of esophageal cancer in Korea, a total of 129 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, eight fresh tumor tissues and 40 normal esophageal tissues were screened for HPV infection by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52b and 58 and type 16-specific primers. SiHa cell line, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical squamous cell carcinoma specimens were used as positive controls for HPV infection. Fragments of human beta-globin gene, which served as the internal controls, were successfully amplified from 102 of the 129 cancer specimens and from all the normal and fresh cancer tissues, while consensus and type 16-specific primers failed to detect HPV DNA sequences in any of the esophageal samples. The DNA extracted from the SiHa cell line and uterine cervical cancers were positive when both the consensus and type-specific primers were used. The results of this study suggest that HPV is not associated with esophageal carcinogenesis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, South Korea
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Carturan E, Tester DJ, Brost BC, Basso C, Thiene G, Ackerman MJ. Postmortem genetic testing for conventional autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death: an evaluation of different DNA extraction protocols and the feasibility of mutational analysis from archival paraffin-embedded heart tissue. Am J Clin Pathol 2008; 129:391-7. [PMID: 18285261 DOI: 10.1309/vla7tt9eq05ffvn4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of autopsy-negative sudden unexplained deaths (SUDs) can be attributed to a cardiac channelopathy. Typically, paraffin-embedded tissue (PET) is the only source of DNA available for genetic analyses. We examined different DNA extraction procedures, involving 2 deparaffinization methods, 2 digestion methods, 4 laboratory-based purification methods, and 5 commercial kits. Mutational analysis involving 25 RYR2 exons was performed on PET DNA from 35 SUD cases to evaluate the feasibility of using PET DNA for genetic testing. With the best PET-DNA extraction method, an average of only two thirds of the region of interest could be evaluated. Although we initially identified 5 missense mutations in 5 of 35 SUD cases, repeated analysis failed to confirm these mutations. DNA from PET should be considered error prone and unreliable in comprehensive surveillance of SUD-associated genes. Given these shortcomings, the standard autopsy for SUD should include archiving EDTA-preserved blood or frozen tissue to facilitate postmortem genetic testing.
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27
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Kamata H, Mitani S, Fujiwara M, Aoki N, Okada S, Mori S. Mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene and overexpression of its protein in 62 Japanese non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Clin Exp Med 2007; 7:39-46. [PMID: 17609875 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-007-0124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether p53 mutation could be involved in the pathogenesis of various subtypes of lymphoma, we investigated 62 Japanese cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) for p53 gene mutations and their relationship with the expression of p53 protein. Mutations in exons 5-9 of the p53 gene were screened for using the non-isotopic RNase cleavage assay (NIRCA) and confirmed by direct sequencing, followed by immunohistochemical analysis for p53 protein. Missense and/or nonsense mutations of p53 were detected in 3 (10.7%) of 28 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBLs) and 2 (15.4%) of 13 T-cell NHLs (15.4%). A single missense mutation at codon 157 (Val to Phe) in exon 5 and at codon 273 (Arg to Pro) in exon 8 was found respectively in 2 DLBLs and in one peripheral T-cell lymphoma (unspecified). In these 3 cases harbouring a missense mutation, overexpression of p53 protein was observed in more than 80% of tumour cells. Double transversion mutations comprising of a missense mutation at codon 167 (Gln to His) in exon 5 and a nonsense mutation at codon 183 (Ser to stop codon) in exon 5 were detected in one DLBL that had apparently transformed from follicular lymphoma and in one advanced adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL). In these two cases harbouring p53 nonsense mutation, no cells positive for p53 protein immunostaining were detected, as well as lymphomas without p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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Mitani S, Kamata H, Fujiwara M, Aoki N, Okada S, Watanabe M, Tango T, Mori S. Missense mutation with/without nonsense mutation of the p53 gene is associated with large cell morphology in human malignant lymphoma. Pathol Int 2007; 57:430-6. [PMID: 17587242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in p53 gene exons 5-9 were studied in 44 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) consisting of 35 B-NHL and 9 T-NHL. Missense mutations were found in two diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL) and one peripheral T-cell lymphoma (unspecified). Double transversion missense and nonsense mutations were detected in one DLBL and one adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Silent mutations were found in two DLBL. Detailed histomorphological study showed that cases harboring p53 missense mutation with/without nonsense mutation tended to have larger nuclei with much more prominent nucleoli. Cytomorphometric analysis was therefore conducted by measuring the gross area of 100 lymphoma cell nuclei in 44 cases and the results were compared between lymphomas harboring p53 missense mutation with/without nonsense mutation and lymphomas harboring p53 silent mutation or lacking mutation. It was found that the lymphomas harboring p53 missense mutation with/without nonsense mutation had a highly significantly larger nuclear gross area than lymphomas with silent p53 mutation or lacking mutation (two-sample t-test, P < 0.00001; Exact Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.00001). This result suggests that p53 mutation might induce enlargement of neoplastic cell nuclei by some molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Mitani
- Center for Professional Education, Kanagawa Prefectural University of Human Service, Yokohama, Japan.
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29
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Asano N, Suzuki R, Matsuo K, Kagami Y, Ishida F, Tamaru JI, Jin GS, Sato Y, Shimoyama Y, Yoshino T, Morishima Y, Nakamura S. Cytotoxic molecule expression is predictive of prognosis in Hodgkin's-like anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2007; 50:705-15. [PMID: 17493234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Revised European American Lymphoma classification uses the term Hodgkin's-like anaplastic large cell lymphoma (HD-like ALCL) for borderline cases with features of both anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The aim of this study was to clarify the association between cytotoxic molecule (CM) expression and clinical outcome in HD-like ALCL. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects were 59 patients with HD-like ALCL, defined by nodal presentation without mediastinal bulky lesions, T- or null-cell phenotype, CD30+ anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- phenotype and by confluent sheets or nodules of large cells mimicking classic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. We evaluated the presenting features and prognosis of subjects on categorization into two defined groups, namely CM (TIA1 and/or granzyme B)-positive (n = 21) and CM-negative (n = 38). The series consisted of 18 women and 41 men ranging from 16 to 88 years of age (median 59 years). The CM+ group had poorer disease-specific survival than the CM- group (P = 0.02) despite the absence of differences in other clinical characteristics. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CM expression was an independent prognostic factor, in contrast to phenotypic categorization (T-cell vs. null-cell group), which had no prognostic impact on disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION CM expression is predictive of prognosis in HD-like ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Asano
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
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30
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Yazdi AS, Morstedt K, Puchta U, Ghoreschi K, Flaig MJ, Rocken M, Sander CA. Heterogeneity of T-cell clones infiltrating primary malignant melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:393-8. [PMID: 16374454 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is established that primary malignant melanomas (pMM) can be infiltrated by T-cell populations with predominantly one T-cell clone. As pMM generally express multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAA), here we used laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate different tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) clusters in order to determine whether pMM are infiltrated only by one single clone or whether the TAA may attract various T-cell populations. As T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality is a useful tool for the demonstration of specific T-cell clones, we analyzed 56 pMM, three cutaneous melanoma metastases, and 15 pairs of pMM with a sentinel lymph node (SLN) for clonal rearrangements of the (TCR) gamma chain gene. We detected the clonality of TCR gamma chain gene in 25 of 56 pMM, and in 10 of 17 SLN studied. In four of the 15 pairs of primary tumor and SLN, we found clonal TCR gamma in both the melanoma and the SLN, with two pairs harboring the identical clone. As we detected different clones in pMM and the corresponding SLN, we subsequently performed LCM in 21 malignant melanomas with multiple lymphocytic clusters for the presence of focal clonal T cells in different regions of the melanoma. In seven melanomas, both clusters of TILs showed the same rearranged TCR gamma chain gene and in five of the seven biopsies the clonal rearrangement occurred in different variable (V) regions of the TCR gamma chain gene. These tumors showed infiltration by more than one clone. In 10 biopsies TCR clonality was restricted to one cluster, while the second microdissected sample of the infiltrate was polyclonal. In conclusion, within one primary malignant melanoma several T-cell clones with different rearrangements may occur. The balance between these clones may decide on the progress of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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31
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Colomer A, Erill N, Vidal A, Calvo M, Roman R, Verdú M, Cordon-Cardo C, Puig X. A novel logistic model based on clinicopathological features predicts microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 14:213-23. [PMID: 16319691 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000177800.65959.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency microsatellite instability has been reported to be associated with good prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, methods to assess microsatellite instability (MIN) are based on genetic assays and are not ideally suited to most histopathology laboratories. The aim of the present study was to develop a model for prediction of MIN status in colorectal cancer based on phenotypic characteristics. Clinicopathological features of a cohort of 204 patients with primary colon cancer were retrospectively reviewed following predetermined criteria. Genetic assessment of MIN status was performed on DNA extracted from sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens by testing a panel of 11 microsatellite markers. Logistic regression analysis generated a mathematical tool capable of identifying colorectal tumors displaying MIN status with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 96.8%. Features associated with instability included the proximal location of the lesions, occurrence of solid and/or mucinous differentiation, absence of cribriform structures, presence of peritumoral Crohn-like reaction, expansive growth pattern, high Ki67 proliferative index, and p53-negative phenotype. This approach predicts microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma with an overall assigned accuracy of 95.1% and a negative predictive value of 97.8%. Implementation of this tool to routine histopathological studies could improve the management of patients with colorectal cancer, especially those presenting with stage II and III of the disease. It will also assist in identifying a subset of patients likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Chialina SG, Fornes C, Landi C, de La Vega Elena CD, Nicolorich MV, Dourisboure RJ, Solano A, Solis EA. Microsatellite instability analysis in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer using the Bethesda consensus panel of microsatellite markers in the absence of proband normal tissue. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:5. [PMID: 16426447 PMCID: PMC1373649 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome predisposing to the early development of various cancers including those of colon, rectum, endometrium, ovarium, small bowel, stomach and urinary tract. HNPCC is caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, mostly hMSH2 or hMLH1. In this study, we report the analysis for genetic counseling of three first-degree relatives (the mother and two sisters) of a male who died of colorectal adenocarcinoma at the age of 23. The family fulfilled strict Amsterdam-I criteria (AC-I) with the presence of extracolonic tumors in the extended pedigree. We overcame the difficulty of having a proband post-mortem non-tumor tissue sample for MSI testing by studying the alleles carried by his progenitors. Methods Tumor MSI testing is described as initial screening in both primary and metastasis tumor tissue blocks, using the reference panel of 5 microsatellite markers standardized by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of HNPCC (BAT-25, BAT-26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250). Subsequent mutation analysis of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes was performed. Results Three of five microsatellite markers (BAT-25, BAT-26 and D5S346) presented different alleles in the proband's tumor as compared to those inherited from his parents. The tumor was classified as high frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We identified in the HNPCC family a novel germline missense (c.1864C>A) mutation in exon 12 of hMSH2 gene, leading to a proline 622 to threonine (p.Pro622Thr) amino acid substitution. Conclusion This approach allowed us to establish the tumor MSI status using the NCI recommended panel in the absence of proband's non-tumor tissue and before sequencing the obligate carrier. According to the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumors (InSiGHT) Database this is the first report of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Chialina
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
| | - Claudia Fornes
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
| | - Carolina Landi
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
| | - Carlos D de La Vega Elena
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
| | - Maria V Nicolorich
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
| | | | - Angela Solano
- Laboratory ACDM-Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edita A Solis
- Histocompatibility and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Italian Hospital"Garibaldi". Rosario Santa Fe. Argentina
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Erill N, Colomer A, Calvo M, Vidal A, Román R, Verdú M, Cordón-Cardó C, Puig X. A novel multiplexing, polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the analysis of chromosome 18q status in colorectal cancer. J Mol Diagn 2005; 7:478-85. [PMID: 16237217 PMCID: PMC1888490 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 18q allelic loss has been reported to have prognostic significance in stage II colorectal carcinoma. We have developed a fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to analyze five microsatellite markers (D18S55, D18S58, D18S61, D18S64, and D18S69) for allelic loss at the long arm of chromosome 18. Amplicon detection and evaluation was accomplished by capillary electrophoresis using an ABI 310 genetic analyzer. Robustness of the assay when performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was confirmed by analyzing its repeatability and reproducibility. Allelic loss was assessed in 61 stage II colorectal tumors and was detected in 58% (31 of 53) of tumors not showing instability. As part of the study, results of 207 previous polymerase chain reaction/polyacrylamide-based assays were re-evaluated by two independent observers to determine the degree of concordance of visual evaluation. In the case of stage II colorectal tumors, when electropherogram results were compared with those obtained from visual evaluation of the same markers after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, discrepancies between observers were detected in 16.4% of determinations. In conclusion, we have developed a robust and reliable assay for multiplexed loss of heterozygosity determination that improves assessment of chromosome 18q allelic loss in colorectal tumors processed as routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens.
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Medeiros R, Prazeres H, Pinto D, Macedo-Pinto I, Lacerda M, Lopes C, Cruz E. Characterization of HPV genotype profile in squamous cervical lesions in Portugal, a southern European population at high risk of cervical cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2005; 14:467-71. [PMID: 16175051 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000178079.29533.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A different prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types has been reported in distinct populations. Although Portugal has a relatively high incidence of cervical cancer within the European Union, no studies have been reported in the Portuguese population. Recently, a clinical trial using a vaccine targeted against HPV-16 demonstrated a high efficacy in preventing HPV-16 cervical lesions. The aim of the present study was the characterization of HPV genotype profile in squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) from 608 patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology. We frequently detected HPV-6/11 and HPV-16 in low-grade SIL (HPV-6/11, 18.9%; HPV-16, 44.2%). In high-grade SIL, HPV-16 was demonstrated in 74.2% of those lesions and in 80.0% of the cases with ICC. HPV-18 was found in 3.1%, 0.8% and in 15.0% of low, high SIL and ICC, respectively. The overall prevalence of multiple infections with high-risk HPV was 7.2%. Other types of HPV were detected in 7.0% of all cases. Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of HPV-16 in SIL and ICC in Portuguese women. Therefore, a prophylactic HPV-16/18 vaccine may be effective in the prevention of cervical cancer in a significant number of women from this southern European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Medeiros
- Instituto Português de Oncologia-Centro Regional de Oncologia do Porto, Laboratórios - Piso 4, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Portugal.
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35
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Hakonen AH, Heiskanen S, Juvonen V, Lappalainen I, Luoma PT, Rantamäki M, Goethem GV, Löfgren A, Hackman P, Paetau A, Kaakkola S, Majamaa K, Varilo T, Udd B, Kääriäinen H, Bindoff LA, Suomalainen A. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase W748S mutation: a common cause of autosomal recessive ataxia with ancient European origin. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:430-41. [PMID: 16080118 PMCID: PMC1226208 DOI: 10.1086/444548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) have been found to be an important cause of neurological disease. Recently, we and collaborators reported a new neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal recessive ataxia in four patients homozygous for two amino acid changes in POLG: W748S in cis with E1143G. Here, we studied the frequency of this allele and found it to be among the most common genetic causes of inherited ataxia in Finland. We identified 27 patients with mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (MIRAS) from 15 Finnish families, with a carrier frequency in the general population of 1 : 125. Since the mutation pair W748S+E1143G has also been described in European patients, we examined the haplotypes of 13 non-Finnish, European patients with the W748S mutation. Haplotype analysis revealed that all the chromosomes carrying these two changes, in patients from Finland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Belgium, originate from a common ancient founder. In Finland and Norway, long, common, northern haplotypes, outside the core haplotype, could be identified. Despite having identical homozygous mutations, the Finnish patients with this adult- or juvenile-onset disease had surprisingly heterogeneous phenotypes, albeit with a characteristic set of features, including ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, dysarthria, mild cognitive impairment, involuntary movements, psychiatric symptoms, and epileptic seizures. The high carrier frequency in Finland, the high number of patients in Norway, and the ancient European founder chromosome indicate that this newly identified ataxia should be considered in the first-line differential diagnosis of progressive ataxia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Hakonen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silja Heiskanen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vesa Juvonen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ilse Lappalainen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri T. Luoma
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Rantamäki
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gert Van Goethem
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Löfgren
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Hackman
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Paetau
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Seppo Kaakkola
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teppo Varilo
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helena Kääriäinen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Program of Neurosciences, Biomedicum-Helsinki, and Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum-Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital Laboratories and Departments of Neurology and Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Division of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Antwerp, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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36
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Erşahin C, Szpaderska AM, Foreman K, Yong S. Verucciform xanthoma of the penis not associated with human papillomavirus infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005; 129:e62-4. [PMID: 15737058 DOI: 10.5858/2005-129-e62-vxotpn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare lesion with a predilection for oral mucosa. Only 16 cases of VX of the penis have been reported. Histologically, VX lesions in different locations are identical; however, the etiology is controversial. Previous studies have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in VX of the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HPV is a causative agent in this rare case of VX of the penis. Microscopically, the lesion demonstrated prominent verrucoid squamous hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis. Histiocytes, a hallmark of VX, were identified in the elongated dermal papillae. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed on the DNA with the commonly used primer sets MY9/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, which identify more than 40 HPV types. The results failed to identify HPV DNA in the sample, although HPV could be readily detected in genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded condyloma acuminatum, a known HPV-associated lesion. Additionally, we tested a VX lesion of the palate for HPV DNA and obtained negative results. Our results indicate that VX can arise without HPV infection and suggest other possible origins may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cağatay Erşahin
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill 60153, USA.
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37
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Abstract
We present here a patient with muscle fatigue and poor growth since the age of 6 y. The diagnosis of a mitochondrial disease was based on the presence of ragged red fibers in the muscle biopsy and on a combined defect of mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory enzymes. Epilepsia partialis continua with stroke-like episodes appeared 2 mo before death at the age of 18 and prompted a search for mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. Minisequencing of the patient's DNA samples revealed a heteroplasmic T3271C mutation with a 78-94% mutation load in her fibroblasts or autopsy-derived tissue samples. This is the ninth reported non-Japanese patient with T3271C mutation. Our patient shows that despite very high proportion of mutant mtDNA, the T3271C mutation can give rise to mild symptoms in childhood and to a rapid terminal phase that simulates encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stenqvist
- Department of Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki University, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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38
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Reidy PM, Dedo HH, Rabah R, Field JB, Mathog RH, Gregoire L, Lancaster WD. Integration of human papillomavirus type 11 in recurrent respiratory papilloma-associated cancer. Laryngoscope 2005; 114:1906-9. [PMID: 15510012 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000147918.81733.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The main objective was to demonstrate that human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 is an aggressive virus that plays a significant role in the development of laryngeal cancer in patients with a history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We have done so by preliminary investigation into the molecular mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of RRP to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN An experimental, nonrandomized, retrospective study using tissue specimens from nine patients with a history of RRP that progressed to laryngeal or bronchogenic cancer was performed. METHODS DNA and RNA were extracted from 20 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from six patients with a history of early onset RRP and laryngeal cancer and from three patients with early onset RRP and bronchogenic cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA to determine the HPV type in each specimen. Reverse-transcriptase PCR specific for virus transcripts was performed on RNA to determine whether the viral genome was integrated into the host genome. RESULTS HPV-11 but not HPV-6, 16, or 18 was found in all of the laryngeal and bronchogenic cancers in patients with a history of early onset RRP in this study. RNA, sufficiently intact for examination, was obtained from seven patients. Analysis of HPV 11 transcripts revealed integration of the viral genome in three of seven patients. CONCLUSIONS HPV type 6 and 11 are considered "low-risk" viruses and are not associated with genital cancers, as are HPV types 16 and 18. However, our data suggests that HPV type 11 is an aggressive virus in laryngeal papilloma that should be monitored in patients with RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Reidy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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39
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Yazdi AS, Puchta U, Flaig MJ, Sander CA. Laser-capture microdissection: applications in routine molecular dermatopathology. J Cutan Pathol 2005; 31:465-70. [PMID: 15239675 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular pathology with the introduction of the Southern blot technique and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have emerged as important tools, which are frequently used in routine dermato-histopathology. Applications for PCR-based diagnostics are particularly helpful for the determination of clonality in cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates and for detection of infectious agents, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycobacteria, Leishmania, and Treponema pallidum. As biopsies are always composed of different cells, the cells of interest are often only a minor population. As a consequence, their specific DNA is diluted by the majority of contaminating cells. Another problem is the time- and labor-intensive DNA extraction, because usually only formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is available, which makes molecular diagnostics a time and labor consuming, and consequently a cost-intensive procedure. To overcome these shortcomings and to eventually shorten the time to generate a result, we introduce a laser-capture microdissection (LCM)-based method for the detection of infectious agents and clonality. Only the cells of interest for the particular indication are microdissected (e.g. epidermal cells for HSV and VZV and lymphocytes for clonality analysis) and subjected to PCR amplification. Due to an accelerated DNA-extraction procedure which generates DNA in 5 h (compared to 3-4 days using conventional DNA extraction), we are able to generate a result within one working day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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40
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Fonseca-Moutinho JA, Cruz E, Carvalho L, Prazeres HJM, de Lacerda MMP, da Silva DP, Mota F, de Oliveira CF. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and bcl-2 are markers with prognostic significance in CIN III. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004; 14:911-20. [PMID: 15361203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2004.14529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no known biological markers or technologies to predict the natural history of an individual CIN III. The probability of progression is considered greater with the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and age. p53 polymorphism has been associated with cervical carcinogenesis. Hormone-induced cervical cancer is mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). In cervical cancer, increased bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactivity is generally associated with a better prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of HPV 16 and HPV 18 typing and p53 codon polymorphism genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax expression by immunohistochemistry in predicting the CIN III clinical behavior of CIN III lesions. We studied the expression of these prognostic factors in the CIN III adjacent to squamous cell microinvasive carcinomas of the cervix (MIC) from 29 patients with FIGO stage IA1 cervical cancer and in 25 patients with CIN III and no documented focus of invasion. In the MIC group, only the CIN III was considered at least 2 mm away from the microinvasive complex. The ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax immunoreactivity was scored as positive (>10% staining cells) and negative (<10% staining cells). No significant difference was observed between MIC and CIN III group concerning HPV infection and p53 polymorphism. The ER, PR, bcl-2, and Bax immunohistochemical expression was stronger and more frequent in the CIN III group. After multivariable analysis, coexpression of ER, PR, and bcl-2 was the only independent factor in defining low risk of progression for CIN III. Our study suggests that coexpression of ER, PR, and bcl-2 may be a useful tool in identifying the CIN III lesions with low risk of progression to cervical cancer.
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41
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Biedermann K, Dandachi N, Trattner M, Vogl G, Doppelmayr H, Moré E, Staudach A, Dietze O, Hauser-Kronberger C. Comparison of real-time PCR signal-amplified in situ hybridization and conventional PCR for detection and quantification of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer tissue. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3758-65. [PMID: 15297527 PMCID: PMC497646 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3758-3765.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Archival paraffin-embedded tumor specimens offer a wealth of information for both cancer research and for routine clinical applications. However, the use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens for quantitative real-time PCR is not yet a standard diagnostic method in many laboratories, in particular for the quantification of human papillomavirus (HPV). Particularly high-risk HPV types are involved in almost 100% of the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. We compared the diagnostic applicability and sensitivity of real-time PCR to that of chromogenic tyramide-signal-amplified in situ hybridization and conventional PCR for the detection of HPV from archival tissue in 164 cases of carcinoma in situ and cervical cancer. Furthermore, we examined whether the viral load of HPV is of prognostic relevance. Our findings indicate that patients in tumor stage I with a lower viral load of HPV type 16 (HPV16; up to 1,000 copies/ng of DNA) had a significantly better survival than HPV 16-negative patients (P = 0.037). We observed a greater sensitivity of both real-time PCR and conventional PCR for the detection of HPV16 and -18 compared to signal amplified in situ hybridization. We found a considerable concordance between HPV16 (kappa = 0.661) and HPV18 (kappa = 0.781) status as measured by real-time PCR and conventional PCR, indicating similar sensitivities. We recognized an inhibitory effect of formalin fixation and paraffin embedding on the evaluation of real-time PCR quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Biedermann
- Institute of Pathology, Department of First Internal Medicine, Private Medical School, Salzburg, Austria
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42
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with high-risk types 16 and 18 has widely been reported as one of the prominent mechanisms behind the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Links between HPV and oral cavity cancer have been suggested as well, based on epidemiologic and molecular means, though the association is less well-established. It is likely that HPV plays a role in oral cavity carcinogenesis, though only in a small subset of cases. The difficulty in providing true causal evidence of HPV's role in oral cancer lies in our lack of understanding of the significance of mechanisms by which HPV leads to oral carcinogenesis, as well as limitations in the molecular analysis of HPV. Further studies are necessary for the contribution of HPV in oral cavity malignancy to be better demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Ha
- The Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 601 N. Caroline St., 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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43
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Li W, Thompson CH, Cossart YE, O'Brien CJ, McNeil EB, Scolyer RA, Rose BR. The expression of key cell cycle markers and presence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. Head Neck 2004; 26:1-9. [PMID: 14724900 DOI: 10.1002/hed.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical carcinogens induce squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck by targeting the p53 and the retinoblastoma (pRb) pathways. Human papillomavirus (HPV) might have an etiologic role in these cancers at particular sites. Few studies have compared cell cycle protein expression in HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors in this region. METHODS Fifty tonsil SCCs were analyzed for HPV by PCR and for expression of cell cycle proteins (p53, pRb, p16(INK4A), p21(CIP1/WAF1), p27(KIP1), and cyclinD1) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HPV was present in 42%; almost all were type 16. There were statistical associations between HPV positivity and reduced expression of pRb and cyclinD1, overexpression of p16, and younger patient age. Tumor with down-regulated p27 tended to have down-regulated pRb and p21. CONCLUSIONS HPV-positive tonsil SCCs have distinct molecular pathways. Their association with younger patient age suggests that they are biologically distinct from HPV-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, PO Box M 142, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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44
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Nakazawa A, Inoue M, Saito J, Sasagawa T, Ueda G, Tanizawa O. Detection of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in the exfoliated cervical cells using the polymerase chain reaction. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004; 37:13-8. [PMID: 1346595 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(92)90972-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV 16 and 18 in cytological samples obtained from the uterine cervices of Japanese women. HPV infection was detected in 17 (25%) of 67 with CIN and 11 (37%) of 30 with cervical carcinoma. It is notable that 11 (16%) of 69 women with normal cervices were infected with either HPV 16 or 18. The polymerase chain reaction is sensitive and useful for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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45
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Pinto AP, Schlecht NF, Pintos J, Kaiano J, Franco EL, Crum CP, Villa LL. Prognostic significance of lymph node variables and human papillomavirus DNA in invasive vulvar carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 92:856-65. [PMID: 14984953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the influence of lymph node pathological features and HPV DNA status on the prognosis of vulvar invasive tumors. METHODS This study includes 184 consecutive cases of primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated by radical surgery from 1975 to 1992, in São Paulo, Brazil. Clinical follow-up data was collected from patient files and hematoxilin-eosin sections were reviewed. HPV detection and typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific and generic primers, followed by dot blot hybridization (DBH) with type-specific oligonucleotide probes for 19 HPV types. Age-adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the cancer risk associations for all DNA and pathology-related variables. RESULTS Among 161 cases tested by PCR, 38 (23.6%) were positive for high-risk HPV types. Regional lymph nodes of 43 cases, including all those of HPV-positive tumors and a sample of the ones removed from patients with HPV negative tumors, were evaluated by the same method. HPV DNA was found in the lymph nodes of 10 cases. In every case, at least one lymph node was metastatic and the HPV detected in the lymph nodes were of the same type as those found in the primary tumor in all cases. Multivariate analysis including age, race, pattern of invasion, tumor thickness, inflammatory reaction, surgical margins, number of node metastases, presence of extracapsular growth, depth of invasion, and presence of high-risk HPV DNA was performed. Following automated selections of this model, node variables important for prognosis that remained were number of node metastases and presence of extracapsular growth. CONCLUSIONS Patients with four or more node metastases associated with extracapsular spread were 5.6 (95%CI: 2.3-13.1) times more likely to die from cancer and 10.0 (95%CI: 4.0-24.9) times more likely to have a recurrence than patients without metastases. The HPV status in the tumor was not important as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro P Pinto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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46
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Yazdi AS, Palmedo G, Flaig MJ, Puchta U, Reckwerth A, Rütten A, Mentzel T, Hügel H, Hantschke M, Schmid-Wendtner MH, Kutzner H, Sander CA. Mutations of the BRAF gene in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 121:1160-2. [PMID: 14708620 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A single-point mutation in exon 15 of the BRAF gene has recently been reported in a high percentage in cultured melanoma cells and in 6 of 9 primary melanomas examined. To evaluate the impact of the T1796A BRAF mutation, we screened primary melanomas, various types of nevi and lesions where a melanoma developed in an underlying nevus. We could detect the mutation in 28 of 97 (29%) melanomas and in 39 of 187 (21%) nevi, including blue nevi (0/20) and Spitz nevi (0/69), which did not carry the mutation. In melanomas with an underlying nevus, either the mutation was present in both the laser-microdissected nevus cells and the laser-microdissected melanoma cells (3/14) or both lesions were negative for the BRAF mutation except one case. In conclusion, mutations in exon 15 of the BRAF gene are nonspecific for progression of a nevus to a melanoma. Other so far unknown cofactors seem to be of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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47
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Brown PD, Carrington DG, Gravekamp C, van de Kemp H, Edwards CN, Jones SR, Prussia PR, Garriques S, Terpstra WJ, Levett PN. Direct detection of leptospiral material in human postmortem samples. Res Microbiol 2004; 154:581-6. [PMID: 14527659 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leptospiral culture, direct immunofluorescence, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect leptospiral material in postmortem specimens collected from eight patients who died of leptospirosis. Diagnosis of leptospiral infection was based on clinical summary (premortem) and confirmed by serological analysis and/or culture of leptospires. Leptospiral culture was the least sensitive technique, yielding two isolates (3%) from 65 samples. Both isolates were from the aqueous humour and cerebrospinal fluid of the same patient. Direct immunofluorescence was of intermediate sensitivity for detection of leptospires, confirming the presence of leptospires in 11% (2 of 18) of tissue samples from three patients. PCR analysis was the most sensitive technique for detection of leptospiral material in tissue samples, being positive in 20% (11 of 56) of samples from eight patients. Both samples (cerebellum and liver) positive by immunofluorescence were also positive by PCR. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was 1-10 leptospires ml(-1) sample, and the assay was specific for Leptospira pathogenic species. Multi-system involvement was indicated based on successful amplification of leptospiral DNA from more than one tissue sample, which corroborated with the clinical and pathologic findings. The results suggest that in acute and/or fatal leptospirosis, the pathogenesis of the pathologic features are related to the presence of the organisms in the tissues. In conclusion, PCR combined with serology appears to be a useful tool for diagnosis of leptospirosis and may be invaluable in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Biochemistry), University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
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48
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Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a severe disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which is characterized by granulomatous pulmonary and systemic lesions, affecting mainly men between 20 and 60 years of age. Reports of PCM disease in animals are rare, but the disease has been described in armadillos. On the other hand, PCM infection of domestic and wild animals detected by serological or cutaneous tests in the absence of apparent disease has been frequently reported. We present here the case of a female adult Doberman that developed cervical lymphadenomegaly. Histopathological examination of a cervical biopsy specimen revealed active PCM, with an epithelioid, granulomatous inflammation containing numerous yeast-like, multiple budding fungal forms. The diagnosis of PCM was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody anti-gp43 and by nested PCR using primers for the amplification of the gp43 gene region. This is the first report of PCM disease occurring in a dog, an animal that has been shown to play an important role in the natural history of North American blastomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ricci
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Li W, Thompson CH, O'Brien CJ, McNeil EB, Scolyer RA, Cossart YE, Veness MJ, Walker DM, Morgan GJ, Rose BR. Human papillomavirus positivity predicts favourable outcome for squamous carcinoma of the tonsil. Int J Cancer 2003; 106:553-558. [PMID: 12845651 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRb) pathways associated with the use of tobacco and alcohol are common in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Cell cycle proteins are also affected by human papillomavirus (HPV), which may also have an aetiological role in cancers at particular sites, most notably the tonsil. Attempts to identify prognostic molecular markers in head and neck cancers have met with conflicting results, but few studies have been undertaken with tumours of known HPV status at a single anatomic site. In our study 86 tonsil cancers were analysed for HPV status by sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products and for the expression of cell cycle proteins (p53, p21(CIP1/WAF1), pRb, p16(INK4A), cyclin D1 and p27(KIP1)) by immunohistochemistry. The HPV status could be established in 67 of the tumours. Thirty-one (46%) of these were HPV-positive, predominantly (28/31) for HPV16. Findings were related to tumour recurrence and patient survival. None of the cell cycle proteins independently predicted recurrence or survival. Patients with HPV-positive tumours, however, were significantly less likely (p < 0.05) to have recurrence or to die of disease than those with HPV-negative tumours, after adjusting for the effects of the cell cycle proteins, clinical stage, pathological node status, tumour grade, age, gender and treatment. These findings support the concept that HPV-positive tonsil cancers may be a distinct biological group with less aggressive characteristics. Screening of tonsil cancers for HPV DNA may help optimise treatment and provide more accurate prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol H Thompson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J O'Brien
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward B McNeil
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yvonne E Cossart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Veness
- Head and Neck Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Murray Walker
- Department of Oral Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary J Morgan
- Head and Neck Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara R Rose
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yazdi AS, Medeiros LJ, Puchta U, Thaller E, Flaig MJ, Sander CA. Improved detection of clonality in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas using laser capture microdissection. J Cutan Pathol 2003; 30:486-91. [PMID: 12950499 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2003.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a challenge for both the pathologist and the clinician. This is particularly true for distinguishing early-stage mycosis fungoides from dermatitis. In this clinical setting, the presence of a clonal T-cell population supports lymphoma. METHODS Usually, routinely processed paraffin-embedded material is available for gene rearrangement analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to assess clonality can be performed. One drawback of this approach is that sensitivity is suboptimal in biopsy specimens in which the lymphocytic infiltrate represents only a small percentage of all cells present. Another drawback is that DNA extraction from routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue is a time-consuming and labor-intensive procedure which can take up to 5 days in our laboratory. To bypass these problems, we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain lymphocytic infiltrates from tissue sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens. This approach allows for more specific PCR assessment of the lymphocytic infiltrate and for rapid DNA extraction and PCR analysis. RESULTS Using the LCM approach, we could demonstrate clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements in biopsy specimens that did not show clonality using DNA extracted by conventional methods from full tissue sections. In addition, DNA extraction and PCR analysis can be performed in 11 h. CONCLUSION In conclusion, applying LCM to clonality analysis of cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates is rapid and more sensitive than conventional methods, and we recommend introducing this approach into the routine diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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