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Zhu X, Zhang W, Guo J, Zhang X, Li L, Wang T, Yan J, Zhang F, Hou B, Gao N, Gao GF, Zhou X. Noc4L-Mediated Ribosome Biogenesis Controls Activation of Regulatory and Conventional T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1205-1220.e4. [PMID: 31018134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) activation is crucial for maintaining self-tolerance, but the translational regulation of this process is still poorly understood. Although ribosome biogenesis is considered a housekeeping process, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that ribosome biogenesis can selectively regulate protein synthesis by tuning translation. Here, we focused on the ribosome biogenesis factor Noc4L, based on the observations that Noc4L is highly expressed in activated Tregs. Conditional Noc4L knockout in Tregs resulted in a lethal autoimmune phenotype resembling Treg-deficient scurfy mice. Interestingly, the Noc4L defect did not globally affect overall protein translation in Tregs but was selectively detrimental to the expression of mRNAs related to Treg activation. These results demonstrate the critical role of Noc4L-mediated ribosome biogenesis in controlling the activation of Tregs and maintaining immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Dervović D, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Positive selection of T cells, an in vitro view. Semin Immunol 2010; 22:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Fischer AM, Katayama CD, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, Hedrick SM. The role of erk1 and erk2 in multiple stages of T cell development. Immunity 2005; 23:431-43. [PMID: 16226508 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk) is central to growth-factor-receptor-mediated signaling including that originating from the T cell antigen receptor. It integrates cytoplasmic signals to effect changes in transcription associated with differentiation, proliferation, and survival. In this report, we present an analysis of mice with targeted deletions in Erk1 and Erk2 to assess the relationship between Erk activity and cell-cycle progression, thymocyte development, and lineage commitment. These studies show that Erk is selectively retained during beta selection-driven proliferation, and yet Erk1/2 are not required to complete differentiation to CD4+CD8+ preselection stage of development. Erk activity is essential for the process of positive selection, and it differentially affects CD4 and CD8 T cell maturation; yet, diminished expression itself is not sufficient to alter lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Fischer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0377, USA
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4
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Abstract
Immature double positive (DP) thymocytes bearing a T cell receptor (TCR) that interacts with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules receive signals that induce either their differentiation (positive selection) or apoptosis (negative selection). Furthermore, those cells that are positively selected develop into two different lineages, CD4 or CD8, depending on whether their TCRs bind to MHC class II or I, respectively. Positive selection therefore involves rescue from the default fate (death), lineage commitment, and progression to the single positive (SP) stage. These are probably temporally distinct events that may require both unique and overlapping signals. Work in the past several years has started to unravel the signaling networks that control these processes. One of the first pathways identified as important for positive selection was Ras and its downstream effector, the Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. In this review we examine the factors that connect the TCR to the Ras/Erk cascade in DP thymocytes, as well as what we know about the downstream effectors of the Ras/Erk cascade important for positive selection. We also consider the possible role of this cascade in CD4/CD8 lineage development, and the possible interactions of the Ras/Erk cascade with Notch during these cell fate determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberola-Ila
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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5
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Watanabe N, Arase H, Onodera M, Ohashi PS, Saito T. The quantity of TCR signal determines positive selection and lineage commitment of T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:6252-61. [PMID: 11086060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the avidity of TCR for self Ag/MHC determines the fate of immature thymocytes. However, the contribution of the quantity of TCR signal to T cell selection has not been well established, particularly in vivo. To address this issue, we analyzed DO-TCR transgenic CD3zeta-deficient (DO-Tg/zetaKO) mice in which T cells have a reduced TCR on the cell surface. In DO-Tg/zetaKO mice, very few CD4 single positive (SP) thymocytes developed, indicating that the decrease in TCR signaling resulted in a failure of positive selection of DO-Tg thymocytes. Administration of the peptide Ag to DO-Tg/zetaKO mice resulted in the generation of functional CD4 SP mature thymocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and, unexpectedly, DO-Tg CD8 SP cells emerged at lower doses of Ag. TCR signal-dependent, sequential commitment from CD8(+) SP to CD4(+) SP was also shown in a class I-restricted TCR-Tg system. These in vivo analyses demonstrate that the quantity of TCR signal directly determines positive and negative selection, and further suggest that weak signal directs positively selected T cells to CD8 lineage and stronger signal to CD4 lineage.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Gao JX, Zhang J, Awaraji C, Bhatia M, Jevnikar A, Singh B, Bell D, Delovitch TL. Preferential proliferation and differentiation of double-positive thymocytes into CD8(+) single-positive thymocytes in a novel cell culture medium. Cell Immunol 2000; 202:41-53. [PMID: 10873305 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of double-positive (DP) into CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive (SP) thymocytes has proven difficult due to the inability of DP thymocytes to proliferate, expand, and differentiate into SP thymocytes in available cell culture media. Here we report on the ability of DP thymocytes to differentiate in a novel conditioned medium, termed XLCM, derived from the supernatant of mitogen activated human cord blood mononuclear cells. During a 5-day culture in XLCM in the absence of thymic stromal cells, DP thymocytes from normal mice and MHC double knockout mice (lack SP thymocytes) proliferate, expand, and differentiate into several (alphabetaTCR(+), NK1.1(+)alphabetaTCR(+), and gammadeltaTCR(+)) subsets of CD4(+) and predominantly CD8(+) SP thymocytes. These studies suggest that the use of XLCM may aid in the characterization of factors that regulate the differentiation of DP thymocytes into CD8(+) SP thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Gao
- Autoimmunity/Diabetes Group, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
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7
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Sharp LL, Hedrick SM. Commitment to the CD4 Lineage Mediated by Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Lck Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of T cells results in a concordance between the specificity of the TCR for MHC class I and class II molecules and the expression of CD8 and CD4 coreceptors. Based on analogy to simple metazoan models of organ development and lineage commitment, we sought to determine whether extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway signaling acts as an inductive signal for the CD4 lineage. Here, we show that, by altering the intracellular signaling involving the Erk/MAP kinase pathway, T cells with specificity for MHC class I can be diverted to express CD4, and, conversely, T cells with specificity for MHC class II can be diverted to express CD8. Furthermore, we find that activation of the src-family tyrosine kinase, p56lck is an upstream mediator of lineage commitment. These results suggest a simple mechanism for lineage commitment in T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie L. Sharp
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address:
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address:
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8
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Azzam HS, Grinberg A, Lui K, Shen H, Shores EW, Love PE. CD5 expression is developmentally regulated by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and TCR avidity. J Exp Med 1998; 188:2301-11. [PMID: 9858516 PMCID: PMC2212429 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.12.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that the cell surface glycoprotein CD5 functions as a negative regulator of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling. In this study, we examined the regulation of CD5 surface expression during normal thymocyte ontogeny and in mice with developmental and/or signal transduction defects. The results demonstrate that low level expression of CD5 on CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative, DN) thymocytes is independent of TCR gene rearrangement; however, induction of CD5 surface expression on DN thymocytes requires engagement of the pre-TCR and is dependent upon the activity of p56(lck). At the CD4(+)CD8(+) (double positive, DP) stage, intermediate CD5 levels are maintained by low affinity TCR-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interactions, and CD5 surface expression is proportional to both the surface level and signaling capacity of the TCR. High-level expression of CD5 on DP and CD4(+) or CD8(+) (single positive, SP) thymocytes is induced by engagement of the alpha/beta-TCR by (positively or negatively) selecting ligands. Significantly, CD5 surface expression on mature SP thymocytes and T cells was found to directly parallel the avidity or signaling intensity of the positively selecting TCR-MHC-ligand interaction. Taken together, these observations suggest that the developmental regulation of CD5 in response to TCR signaling and TCR avidity represents a mechanism for fine tuning of the TCR signaling response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Azzam
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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9
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Raman C, Kimberly RP. Cutting Edge: Differential CD5-Dependent Regulation of CD5-Associated CK2 Activity in Mature and Immature T Cells: Implication on TCR/CD3-Mediated Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.11.5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD5 attenuates TCR-induced signals in immature thymocytes but functions as a costimulatory molecule potentiating TCR/CD3-mediated activation in mature, peripheral T cells. We have recently shown that the serine/threonine kinase, casein kinase 2 (CK2), a major regulator of cell growth and signaling, associates with and is activated by CD5. Therefore, we tested the possibility that differential regulation of CK2 activity by CD5 may be associated with these differences in CD5 modulation of TCR signaling. Consistent with our hypothesis, CD5-specific cross-linking activated associated CK2 in thymocytes but not active in mature splenocytes. Differential regulation of CD5-associated CK2 provides, for the first time, a potential mechanism for the differential effects of CD5 signaling in immature and mature cells. We propose that CD5 modulates Ag receptor activity through developmentally regulated activation of CD5-associated CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Raman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Robert P. Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
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10
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Abstract
The outcome of positive selection of T lymphocytes is that there is a close match between the lineage adopted by a particular cell (CD4+ or CD8+) and the specificity of the T-cell receptor for the class of Major Histocompatibility Complex molecule recognized. How this match is obtained has been a matter of debate. We review the evidence, from recent and older experiments, that indicates that the process follows a selective logic, rather than an instructive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP) Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Abstract
Recent studies suggest that lineage commitment steps, which occur during T-cell differentiation, follow principles in common with fate specification in simple invertebrates. Here we review T-cell development from the perspective of developmental biology. We present models for alpha beta vs gamma delta and CD4 vs CD8 lineage commitment that are consistent with previously published and newly presented experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hedrick
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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12
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Raman C, Kuo A, Deshane J, Litchfield DW, Kimberly RP. Regulation of casein kinase 2 by direct interaction with cell surface receptor CD5. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:19183-9. [PMID: 9668105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.30.19183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD5, expressed on all T cells and the B1 subset of B cells, modulates antigen receptor-mediated activation. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with its cytoplasmic domain and play a role in CD5 proximal signaling events. We found that the beta subunit of the serine/threonine kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) interacts specifically with the cytoplasmic domain of CD5. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed activation-independent association of CK2 with CD5 in human and murine B and T cell lines and murine splenocytes. The interaction of CK2 holoenzyme with CD5 is mediated by the amino terminus of the regulatory subunit beta. CK2 binds and phosphorylates CD5 at the CK2 motifs flanked by Ser459 and Ser461. Cross-linking of CD5 leads to the activation of CD5-associated CK2 in a murine B-lymphoma cell line and a human T-leukemia cell line and is independent of net recruitment of CK2 to CD5. In contrast, CK2 is not activated following cross-linking of the B cell receptor complex or the T cell receptor complex. This direct regulation of CK2 by a cell surface receptor provides a novel pathway for control of cell activation that could play a significant role in regulation of CD5-dependent antigen receptor activation in T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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