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Ye C, Zhang L, Tang L, Duan Y, Liu J, Zhou H. Host genetic backgrounds: the key to determining parasite-host adaptation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228206. [PMID: 37637465 PMCID: PMC10449477 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases pose a significant threat to global public health, particularly in developing countries. Host genetic factors play a crucial role in determining susceptibility and resistance to infection. Recent advances in molecular and biological technologies have enabled significant breakthroughs in understanding the impact of host genes on parasite adaptation. In this comprehensive review, we analyze the host genetic factors that influence parasite adaptation, including hormones, nitric oxide, immune cells, cytokine gene polymorphisms, parasite-specific receptors, and metabolites. We also establish an interactive network to better illustrate the complex relationship between host genetic factors and parasite-host adaptation. Additionally, we discuss future directions and collaborative research priorities in the parasite-host adaptation field, including investigating the impact of host genes on the microbiome, developing more sophisticated models, identifying and characterizing parasite-specific receptors, utilizing patient-derived sera as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and developing novel treatments and management strategies targeting specific host genetic factors. This review highlights the need for a comprehensive and systematic approach to investigating the underlying mechanisms of parasite-host adaptation, which requires interdisciplinary collaborations among biologists, geneticists, immunologists, and clinicians. By deepening our understanding of the complex interactions between host genetics and parasite adaptation, we can develop more effective and targeted interventions to prevent and treat parasitic diseases. Overall, this review provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in the parasitology field and offers insights into the future directions of this critical research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ye
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Yunyang Women and Children’s Hospital (Yunyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Surgery, Yunyang Women and Children’s Hospital (Yunyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Tang
- The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, China
| | - Yongjun Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yunyang Women and Children’s Hospital (Yunyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the inflammatory response to allergic rhinitis via macrophage pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Recombinant 14-3-3 and Major Antigen Proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis against an Infection by S. venezuelensis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081292. [PMID: 36016178 PMCID: PMC9415175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected parasitic disease that represents a serious public health problem. In immunocompromised patients, this parasitosis can result in hyperinfection or disseminated disease with high levels of mortality. In previous studies, the mRNAs encoding for the 14-3-3 and major antigen proteins were found to be expressed at high levels in S. stercoralis L3 larvae, suggesting potential key roles in parasite-host interactions. We have produced them as recombinant proteins (rSs14-3-3 and rSsMA) in a bacterial protein expression system. The serum levels of anti-rSs14-3-3 and anti-rSsMA IgGs are increased upon infection with S. venezuelensis, validating the use of the mouse model since the native 14-3-3 and MA proteins induce an immune response. Each recombinant protein was formulated in the adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system and injected twice, subcutaneously, in CD1 mice that were experimentally infected with 3000 S. venezuelensis L3 to evaluate their protective and immunomodulatory activity. Our results, including the number of parthenogenetic females, number of eggs in stool samples and the analysis of the splenic and intestinal indexes, show that the vaccines did not protect against infection. The immunization with rSs14-3-3 induced changes in the cytokine profile in mice, producing higher expression of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-13 and TNF-α in the spleen, suggesting a Th2/Treg-type response with an increase in TNF-α levels, confirming its role as an immunomodulator.
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4
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Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1224-1233. [PMID: 35732819 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths have evolved sophisticated immune regulating mechanisms to prevent rejection by their mammalian host. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these parasites remains poor compared to mouse models of infection and this limits our ability to develop vaccines as well as harness their unique properties as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how recent studies on human challenge infections, self-infected individuals, travelers, and endemic populations have improved our understanding of human type 2 immunity and its effects on the microbiome. The heterogeneity of responses between individuals and the limited access to tissue samples beyond the peripheral blood are challenges that limit human studies on helminths, but also provide opportunities to transform our understanding of human immunology. Organoids and single-cell sequencing are exciting new tools for immunological analysis that may aid this pursuit. Learning about the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, tolerance, and pathogenesis to helminth infections may thus uncover mechanisms that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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5
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Sylvester M, Son A, Schwartz DM. The Interactions Between Autoinflammation and Type 2 Immunity: From Mechanistic Studies to Epidemiologic Associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818039. [PMID: 35281022 PMCID: PMC8907424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of clinical syndromes characterized by constitutive overactivation of innate immune pathways. This results in increased production of or responses to monocyte- and neutrophil-derived cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Type 1 interferon (IFN). By contrast, clinical allergy is caused by dysregulated type 2 immunity, which is characterized by expansion of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and eosinophils, as well as overproduction of the associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. Traditionally, type 2 immune cells and autoinflammatory effectors were thought to counter-regulate each other. However, an expanding body of evidence suggests that, in some contexts, autoinflammatory pathways and cytokines may potentiate type 2 immune responses. Conversely, type 2 immune cells and cytokines can regulate autoinflammatory responses in complex and context-dependent manners. Here, we introduce the concepts of autoinflammation and type 2 immunity. We proceed to review the mechanisms by which autoinflammatory and type 2 immune responses can modulate each other. Finally, we discuss the epidemiology of type 2 immunity and clinical allergy in several monogenic and complex autoinflammatory diseases. In the future, these interactions between type 2 immunity and autoinflammation may help to expand the spectrum of autoinflammation and to guide the management of patients with various autoinflammatory and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKella Sylvester
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aran Son
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Lin YT, Yeh TH. Studies on Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Management of Olfactory Dysfunction Secondary to Chronic Rhinosinusitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:835151. [PMID: 35386650 PMCID: PMC8974686 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.835151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of inflammation of the olfactory system, warranting investigation of the link between chronic inflammation and the loss of olfactory function. Type 2 inflammation is closely related to the clinical features and disease mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction secondary to CRS. Patients with eosinophilic CRS, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and central compartment atopic disease report increased olfactory dysfunction. Increased levels of interleukin-(IL-)2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 in the mucus from the olfactory slit have been reported to be associated with reduced olfactory test scores. The influence of several cytokines and signaling transduction pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, on olfactory signal processing and neurogenesis has been demonstrated. Corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment for olfactory dysfunction secondary to CRS. Successful olfaction recovery was recently demonstrated in clinical trials of biotherapeutics, including omalizumab and dupilumab, although the treatment effect may diminish gradually after stopping the use of the medications. Future studies are required to relate the complex mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation in CRS to dysfunction of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tsen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Huei Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Te-Huei Yeh
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7
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Casu S, Usai MG, Sechi T, Salaris SL, Miari S, Mulas G, Tamponi C, Varcasia A, Scala A, Carta A. Association analysis and functional annotation of imputed sequence data within genomic regions influencing resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites detected by an LDLA approach in a nucleus flock of Sarda dairy sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:2. [PMID: 34979909 PMCID: PMC8722200 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroinestinal nematodes (GIN) are one of the major health problem in grazing sheep. Although genetic variability of the resistance to GIN has been documented, traditional selection is hampered by the difficulty of recording phenotypes, usually fecal egg count (FEC). To identify causative mutations or markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) to be used for selection, the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FEC based on linkage disequilibrium-linkage analysis (LDLA) was performed on 4097 ewes (from 181 sires) all genotyped with the OvineSNP50 Beadchip. Identified QTL regions (QTLR) were imputed from whole-genome sequences of 56 target animals of the population. An association analysis and a functional annotation of imputed polymorphisms in the identified QTLR were performed to pinpoint functional variants with potential impact on candidate genes identified from ontological classification or differentially expressed in previous studies. Results After clustering close significant locations, ten QTLR were defined on nine Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR) by LDLA. The ratio between the ANOVA estimators of the QTL variance and the total phenotypic variance ranged from 0.0087 to 0.0176. QTL on OAR4, 12, 19, and 20 were the most significant. The combination of association analysis and functional annotation of sequence data did not highlight any putative causative mutations. None of the most significant SNPs showed a functional effect on genes’ transcript. However, in the most significant QTLR, we identified genes that contained polymorphisms with a high or moderate impact, were differentially expressed in previous studies, contributed to enrich the most represented GO process (regulation of immune system process, defense response). Among these, the most likely candidate genes were: TNFRSF1B and SELE on OAR12, IL5RA on OAR19, IL17A, IL17F, TRIM26, TRIM38, TNFRSF21, LOC101118999, VEGFA, and TNF on OAR20. Conclusions This study performed on a large experimental population provides a list of candidate genes and polymorphisms which could be used in further validation studies. The expected advancements in the quality of the annotation of the ovine genome and the use of experimental designs based on sequence data and phenotypes from multiple breeds that show different LD extents and gametic phases may help to identify causative mutations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00690-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Casu
- Genetics and Biotechnology - Agris Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Sechi
- Genetics and Biotechnology - Agris Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Miari
- Genetics and Biotechnology - Agris Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mulas
- Genetics and Biotechnology - Agris Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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8
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Seyed Toutounchi N, Braber S, van’t Land B, Thijssen S, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G, Hogenkamp A. Exposure to Deoxynivalenol During Pregnancy and Lactation Enhances Food Allergy and Reduces Vaccine Responsiveness in the Offspring in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797152. [PMID: 34975906 PMCID: PMC8718709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly prevalent contaminant of grain-based products, is known to induce reproductive- and immunotoxicities. Considering the importance of immune development in early life, the present study investigated the effects of perinatal DON exposure on allergy development and vaccine responsiveness in the offspring. Pregnant mice received control or DON-contaminated diets (12.5 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, female offspring were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by oral administration of OVA with cholera toxin (CT). Male offspring were injected with Influvac vaccine. OVA-specific acute allergic skin response (ASR) in females and vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in males were measured upon intradermal antigen challenge. Immune cell populations in spleen and antigen-specific plasma immunoglobulins were analyzed. In female CT+OVA-sensitized offspring of DON-exposed mothers ASR and OVA-specific plasma immunoglobulins were significantly higher, compared to the female offspring of control mothers. In vaccinated male offspring of DON-exposed mothers DTH and vaccine-specific antibody levels were significantly lower, compared to the male offspring of control mothers. In both models a significant reduction in regulatory T cells, Tbet+ Th1 cells and Th1-related cytokine production of the offspring of DON-exposed mothers was observed. In conclusion, early life dietary exposure to DON can adversely influence immune development in the offspring. Consequently, the immune system of the offspring may be skewed towards an imbalanced state, resulting in an increased allergic immune response to food allergens and a decreased immune response to vaccination against influenza virus in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negisa Seyed Toutounchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Thijssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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9
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Lechner A, Bohnacker S, Esser-von Bieren J. Macrophage regulation & function in helminth infection. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101526. [PMID: 34802871 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with essential roles in host defense, inflammation, immune regulation and repair. During infection with multicellular helminth parasites, macrophages contribute to pathogen trapping and killing as well as to tissue repair and the resolution of type 2 inflammation. Macrophages produce a broad repertoire of effector molecules, including enzymes, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that govern anti-helminth immunity and repair of parasite-induced tissue damage. Helminth infection and the associated type 2 immune response induces an alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) phenotype that - beyond driving host defense - prevents aberrant Th2 cell activation and type 2 immunopathology. The immune regulatory potential of macrophages is exploited by helminth parasites that induce the production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 10 or prostaglandin E2 to evade host immunity. Here, we summarize current insights into the mechanisms of macrophage-mediated host defense and repair during helminth infection and highlight recent progress on the immune regulatory crosstalk between macrophages and helminth parasites. We also point out important remaining questions such as the translation of findings from murine models to human settings of helminth infection as well as long-term consequences of helminth-induced macrophage reprogramming for subsequent host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Zaini A, Good-Jacobson KL, Zaph C. Context-dependent roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009340. [PMID: 33983946 PMCID: PMC8118336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current approaches to reduce the burden of chronic helminth infections in endemic areas are adequate sanitation and periodic administration of deworming drugs. Yet, resistance against some deworming drugs and reinfection can still rapidly occur even after treatment. A vaccine against helminths would be an effective solution at preventing reinfection. However, vaccines against helminth parasites have yet to be successfully developed. While T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells have been established as important components of the protective type 2 response, the roles of B cells and antibodies remain the most controversial. Here, we review the roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection. We discuss the potential factors that contribute to the context-specific roles for B cells in protection against diverse intestinal helminth parasite species, using evidence from well-defined murine model systems. Understanding the precise roles of B cells during resistance and susceptibility to helminth infection may offer a new perspective of type 2 protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidil Zaini
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L. Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fordjour FA, Asiedu E, Larbi A, Kwarteng A. The role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in filarial pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:185-193. [PMID: 33630268 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB promotes immunity by controlling the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate cell surface receptors, including toll-like receptors, to initiate a signalling cascade resulting in the activation of NF-κB. NF-κB drives the expression of target genes that mediate cell proliferation and release antimicrobial molecules and cytokines to activate an immune response. Filariasis is one of the most complex infections of humans. The actual causes of the heterogeneity in infection are not well understood. However, they have been attributed to differences in inflammatory processes that are immune-mediated, secondary bacterial infections, and host immune-genetics. Elevated production of angiogenic molecules (VEGFs, CEACAM and MMPs) in filarial pathology has been shown to be dependent on phosphorylation and intracellular activation of NF-κB. This review examines the role of NF-κB in filarial pathology and its potential therapeutic options for individuals with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amponsah Fordjour
- Department of Microbiology, University for Development Studies, UDS, Tamale, Ghana. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ebenezer Asiedu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Amma Larbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.,Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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12
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Casas R, Dietrich F, Barcenilla H, Tavira B, Wahlberg J, Achenbach P, Ludvigsson J. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Injection Into Lymph Nodes: Beta Cell Function and Immune Responses in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564921. [PMID: 33162978 PMCID: PMC7583358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of intensive treatment Type 1 diabetes leads to serious complications. Preservation of residual beta cell function makes the disease milder, facilitates treatment, prevents complications and increase survival. So far immune interventions have had limited effect, and some serious adverse events and risks. In an open pilot trial we aimed to improve efficacy of GAD-alum treatment using lymph-node administration in combination with oral vitamin D. Here we report the clinical effect and focus on biomarkers for response to treatment. Patients (n = 12) aged 12 to 24 years with recent onset of Type 1 diabetes received 4 μg GAD-alum into lymph-node at day 30, 60, and 90, and oral Vitamin D 2000 U/d, days 1 to 120. Beta cell function was estimated by Mixed Meal Tolerance Tests. GADA, GADA subclasses, GAD65-induced cytokines and proliferation, and T cells markers were analyzed. The treatment was tolerable with no adverse events. Fasting C-peptide and insulin requirement remained stable at 15 months, while HbA1c was lower than baseline. Stimulated C-peptide showed no change at 6 months but declined after 15 months (81% of baseline). Eleven patients remained in partial remission (IDAAC < 9). Patients (n = 9) with better clinical outcome had reduced proportion of IgG1 and increased IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, increased IL-10 secretion, and reduction of proliferation and CD8+ T cells activation. Patients with poorer clinical response had higher baseline levels of GAD65-induced cytokines and T-cell activation, and an increased ratio of effector/central memory T cells. Intra-lymphatic GAD treatment combined with Vitamin D might preserve beta cell function and improve clinical course in T1D. Patients with less benefit have a different quality of immune response both before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaura Casas
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fabrícia Dietrich
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hugo Barcenilla
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Wahlberg
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Munich, Germany
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Selected cytokine expression in dogs with alergic conjunctivitis: Correlation with disease activity. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:33-40. [PMID: 32114248 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canine allergic conjunctivitis (cAC) is described as the most frequent ocular manifestation associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). OBJECTIVES Clinical and immunological characterization of cAD through IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA expression quantification in canine conjunctivae. PROCEDURES Twenty client-owned dogs with both cAC and cAD and twenty-one healthy controls were enrolled and clinician assessed CADESI-04 and grade of ocular signs were calculated. Conjunctival biopsies were performed on all animals and relative quantification of the interleukins mRNA expression performed by qRT-PCR. The correlation between cytokine gene expression and cAC score was evaluated, as well as CADESI-04 values. RESULTS The qRT-PCR showed a significant gene upregulation of respectively 291.48 (p = 1.306e-09) and 4.85 (p = .00033) folds on IL-6 and IL-12 in dogs with allergic conjunctivitis compared to the control group. Regarding the average expression of TNF-α there were no statistical significant differences between both groups (p = .18). Higher cAC scores were associated with enhanced gene expression of TNF-α and IL-12. No correlation was found between the cytokine gene expression levels and the CADESI-04 values. CONCLUSION An increase of IL6 and IL12 in cAC was found in the studied population. These two cytokines may be potential immunotherapy targets cAC classification.
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Versteeg L, Wei J, Liu Z, Keegan B, Fujiwara RT, Jones KM, Asojo O, Strych U, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Zhan B. Protective immunity elicited by the nematode-conserved As37 recombinant protein against Ascaris suum infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008057. [PMID: 32053593 PMCID: PMC7017989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the three major soil-transmitted gastrointestinal helminths (STHs) that infect more than 440 million people in the world, ranking this neglected tropical disease among the most common afflictions of people living in poverty. Children infected with this roundworm suffer from malnutrition, growth stunting as well as cognitive and intellectual deficits. An effective vaccine is urgently needed to complement anthelmintic deworming as a better approach to control helminth infections. As37 is an immunodominant antigen of Ascaris suum, a pig roundworm closely related to the human A. lumbricoides parasite, recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum infected mice. In this study, the immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of recombinant As37 were evaluated in a mouse model. Methodology/Principal findings As37 was cloned and expressed as a soluble recombinant protein (rAs37) in Escherichia coli. The expressed rAs37 was highly recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum egg-infected mice. Balb/c mice immunized with 25 μg rAs37 formulated with AddaVax™ adjuvant showed significant larval worm reduction after challenge with A. suum infective eggs when compared with a PBS (49.7%) or adjuvant control (48.7%). Protection was associated with mixed Th1/2-type immune responses characterized by high titers of serological IgG1 and IgG2a and stimulation of the production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. In this experiment, the AddaVax™ adjuvant induced better protection than the Th1-type adjuvant MPLA (38.9%) and the Th2-type adjuvant Alhydrogel (40.7%). Sequence analysis revealed that As37 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and highly conserved in other human STHs. Anti-As37 antibodies strongly recognized homologs in hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, A. caninum) and in the whipworm Trichuris muris, but there was no cross-reaction with human spleen tissue extracts. These results suggest that the nematode-conserved As37 could serve as a pan-helminth vaccine antigen to prevent all STH infections without cross-reaction with human IgSF molecules. Conclusions/Significance As37 is an A. suum expressed immunodominant antigen that elicited significant protective immunity in mice when formulated with AddaVax™. As37 is highly conserved in other STHs, but not in humans, suggesting it could be further developed as a pan-helminth vaccine against STH co-infections. Ascaris infection is the most common infection of humans living in poverty worldwide and can result in malnutrition and stunted physical and mental development in children. A preventive vaccine is urgently needed as a complementary approach to anthelmintic deworming to increase the efficiency of STH infection control. To develop a vaccine against Ascaris infection, an immunodominant antigen, As37 of A. suum, was cloned and expressed as a soluble recombinant protein in E. coli. The recombinant As37 protein (rAs37) was highly recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum infected mice. Balb/c mice immunized with 25 μg rAs37 formulated with the adjuvant AddaVax™ showed significant larval worm reduction against challenge with A. suum infective eggs when compared to a PBS (49.7%) or adjuvant control (48.7%). Protection was associated with a mixed Th1/2-type immune response characterized by high titers of serological IgG1 and IgG2a and stimulation of the production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. The AddaVax™ adjuvant induced better protection than the Th1-type adjuvant MPLA (38.9%) and the Th2-type adjuvant Alhydrogel (40.7%). Sequence analysis revealed that As37 was a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and highly conserved in other human STHs. Anti-As37 antibodies strongly recognized homologs in hookworms (Necator americanus, A. ceylanicum, A. caninum) and in the whipworm T. muris, but there was no cross-reaction with human spleen tissue extracts. These results indicate that the nematode-conserved As37 protein could be developed as a pan-helminth vaccine antigen to prevent all STH infections without reacting with human IgSF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Versteeg
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junfei Wei
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian Keegan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oluwatoyin Asojo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Strych
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Escribano C, Saravia A, Costa M, Castells D, Ciappesoni G, Riet-Correa F, Freire T. Resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Corriedale sheep is associated to high parasite-specific IgA titer and a systemic Th2 immune response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19579. [PMID: 31862904 PMCID: PMC6925110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infections, including Haemonchus contortus, are one of the main causes of economic losses to ovine farmers worldwide. In order to contribute to the control of nematode infections and avoid parasite spreading we generated divergent resistant and susceptible sheep breeds and evaluated the adaptive immunity of these animals developed upon experimental infection against H. contortus. The selection of resistant or susceptible animals from the Corriedale Breed has been based on Expected Progeny Differences for faecal egg counts per gram. Furthermore, animals from the resistant Corriedale line were inseminated with imported semen from Australian Rylington Merino rams. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the adaptive immune response in both susceptible and resistant obtained lambs. Our results indicate that there is a potent parasite-specific local and systemic immune response in resistant animals and that although susceptible lambs can produce high levels of IgA antibodies during the infection, their antibody response is delayed which, together with an impaired specific-Th2 response, does not contribute to initial parasite elimination. Our results shed light into the immune mechanisms that mediate resistance to H. contortus and could constitute important assets to sheep farmers, not only as a means to detect resistance, but also to enhance the efficiency of selection in stud flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Escribano
- Grupo de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Saravia
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Monique Costa
- Grupo de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gabriel Ciappesoni
- Programa Carne y Lana. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Las Brujas, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Grupo de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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16
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Kushwaha V, Tewari P, Mandal P, Tripathi A, Murthy PK. Troponin 1 of human filarial parasite Brugia malayi: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, and its immunoprophylactic potential. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1849-1863. [PMID: 31055672 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the search for immunoprophylactics for the control of human lymphatic filariasis, we recently identified troponin 1 (Tn1) in Brugia malayi adult worms. The present study reports the cloning and expression of the B. malayi Tn1 (Tn1bm), its immunoprophylactic efficacy against B. malayi infection, and the immunological responses of the host. The Tn1bm gene was cloned (Acc no. JF912447) and expressed, and the purified recombinant Tn1bm (rTn1bm) presented a single ~ 27 kDa band. Parasite load in rTn1bm-immunized BALB/c mice challenged with B. malayi infective larvae (L3) was assessed. In rTn1bm-immunized animals, IgE, IgG, and IgG subclasses in the serum, cell proliferative response, Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion (from splenocytes), and NO release (from peritoneal macrophages) were determined. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to L3 was assayed using rTn1bm-immune serum. The innate immune response markers MHC class-I, MHC class-II, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 expression in peritoneal macrophages and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ in the splenocyte population were determined in Tn1bm-exposed cells from naïve mice. rTn1bm-immunized L3-challenged animals showed a 60% reduction in parasite burden. Immunization upregulated cellular proliferation, cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) secretion, NO release, and antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b antibody levels. rTn1bm-immune serum killed > 65% of L3 in the ADCC assay. Increased MHC class-II, TLR2, and TLR6 expression and the relative CD4+ and CD19+ cell populations of naïve animal cells indicated the ability of rTn1bm to mobilize innate immune responses. This is the first report of the immunoprophylactic potential of rTn1bm against B. malayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India.,Postdoctoral Fellow, Zoology Department, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prachi Tewari
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food Toxicology Lab, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food Toxicology Lab, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - P Kalpana Murthy
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, University Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India.
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17
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Kim DK, Choi SA, Eun KM, Kim SK, Kim DW, Phi JH. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-5 inhibit olfactory regeneration via apoptosis of olfactory sphere cells in mice models of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1139-1149. [PMID: 30980570 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction is frequently experienced by patients with allergic rhinitis. It is thought to result from structural and functional changes occurring in the olfactory mucosa caused by inflammation. However, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which the olfactory neural cells are damaged in allergic rhinitis. METHODS Olfactory sphere cells (OSCs) were established after dissociation and serial cultures of cells from the mouse olfactory mucosa. Viability and proliferation of OSCs were compared between control and allergic rhinitis mice models, and olfactory stem cell markers were analysed in vivo. To elucidate which cytokines have an inhibitory effect on OSCs, viability and apoptotic markers of OSCs were investigated. RESULTS Olfactory sphere cells were successfully isolated from the olfactory mucosa of mice, and these cells expressed markers of neural stem cells. To investigate the neural differentiation, we performed the immunocytochemical staining and found significantly elevated expressions of Tuji1, GFAP and O4 on OSCs. On the comparison of the characteristics of OSCs between control and allergic rhinitis model, we detected significantly fewer neurospheres, reduced clonogenic capacity and decreased expression of olfactory neural stem cell markers in allergic rhinitis model. When OSCs were treated with several major allergic cytokines were treated on OSCs, only TNF-α showed an inhibitory effect on OSCs. Interestingly, IL-5 had an inhibitory effect on the viability of OSCs in combination with TNF-α, whereas IL-5 alone does not have an effect. Moreover, TNF-α combined with IL-5 significantly increased the apoptotic expression, compared with TNF-α or IL-5 alone. Additionally, allergic rhinitis mice models showed the increased apoptotic expression. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Allergic rhinitis mice models showed lower expression of OSCs, and TNF-α combined with IL-5 had an apoptotic effect on OSCs. Therefore, these cytokines may be therapeutic targets for olfactory dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital and Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Zhang YL, Shin HJ, Lee JH, Lee J. Antiallergic Effect of Hizikia fusiformis in an Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 12:196-205. [PMID: 30942049 PMCID: PMC6453782 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The extract of Hizikia fusiformis is known to exhibit anticancer, antiatopic and antioxidant activities. We aimed to investigate the extract of H. fusiformis on allergic rhinitis inflammation in a mouse model. Methods The 4-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four groups: group A, control group (n=9); group B, allergic rhinitis group (n=10); group C (n=10) received 300 mg/kg of H. fusiformis during nasal challenging period; group D (n=10) received 600 mg/kg of H. fusiformis during general sensitization period and 300 mg/kg of H. fusiformis during nasal challenging period. Allergic inflammation was made with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum then challenged intranasally with OVA. H. fusiformis was intraperitoneally administered 3 hours before the OVA administration. Allergic symptom score and the levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, OVA-specific IgE antibodies, levels of cytokines in the nasal mucosa and in spleen cell culture supernatant, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 were assessed. The percentage of regulatory T cell was analyzed by flow cytometry. Eosinophilic infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were also evaluated. Results H. fusiformis administered groups C and D showed significant inhibitory effects on nasal symptoms, IL-13 mRNA expression and eosinophil infiltration/goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal tissue; OVA-specific IgE production in serum (P<0.05). In group D, H. fusiformis treatment downregulated IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokine expression in splenocyte culture as well as significantly decreased IgG2a, IgG1 levels in serum compared with group B (P<0.05). However, the expressions of IL-5, interferon-γ and forkhead box P3 mRNA did not change in groups C and D. Conclusion H. fusiformis could induce antiallergic inflammation by suppressing the T-helper type 2 cytokine production (IL-13) locally and systemically, OVA-specific IgE formation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilic infiltration in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Thus, H. fusiformis could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in treating allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lian Zhang
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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19
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Wang G, Cheng N. Paeoniflorin inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8636-8642. [PMID: 30076630 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the main effective ingredients from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., was reported to possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties. However, the roles of PF in activated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells, have not yet been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects of PF on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore (PMACI)-induced human mast cells and to identify the mechanism responsible for these effects. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with PF effectively attenuated PMACI-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β in HMC-1 cells. In addition, PF significantly suppressed PMACI-induced histamine release and caspase-1 activation in HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, PF prevented the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in activated HMC-1 cells. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that PF attenuated the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response through suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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20
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Assas MB, Levison SE, Little M, England H, Battrick L, Bagnall J, McLaughlin JT, Paszek P, Else KJ, Pennock JL. Anti-inflammatory effects of infliximab in mice are independent of tumour necrosis factor α neutralization. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:225-233. [PMID: 27669117 PMCID: PMC5217947 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX) has been used repeatedly in mouse preclinical models with associated claims that anti‐inflammatory effects are due to inhibition of mouse tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. However, the mechanism of action in mice remains unclear. In this study, the binding specificity of IFX for mouse TNF‐α was investigated ex vivo using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry and Western blot. Infliximab (IFX) did not bind directly to soluble or membrane‐bound mouse TNF‐α nor did it have any effect on TNF‐α‐induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) stimulation in mouse fibroblasts. The efficacy of IFX treatment was then investigated in vivo using a TNF‐α‐independent Trichuris muris‐induced infection model of chronic colitis. Infection provoked severe transmural colonic inflammation by day 35 post‐infection. Colonic pathology, macrophage phenotype and cell death were determined. As predicted from the in‐vitro data, in‐vivo treatment of T. muris‐infected mice with IFX had no effect on clinical outcome, nor did it affect macrophage cell phenotype or number. IFX enhanced apoptosis of colonic immune cells significantly, likely to be driven by a direct effect of the humanized antibody itself. We have demonstrated that although IFX does not bind directly to TNF‐α, observed anti‐inflammatory effects in other mouse models may be through host cell apoptosis. We suggest that more careful consideration of xenogeneic responses should be made when utilizing IFX in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Assas
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | | | - M Little
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - H England
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Battrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Bagnall
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J T McLaughlin
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Paszek
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K J Else
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J L Pennock
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Sousa Garcia D, Chen M, Smith AK, Lazarini PR, Lane AP. Role of the type I tumor necrosis factor receptor in inflammation-associated olfactory dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:160-168. [PMID: 27671548 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand mechanisms of human olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis, an inducible olfactory inflammation (IOI) model has been utilized to chronically express inflammatory cytokines locally, resulting in neuronal loss, diminished odorant responses, and repressed olfactory regeneration. Knockout of the minor tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 (TNFR2) was previously shown to partially rescue these olfactory changes. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of the major TNF receptor, TNFR1, in chronic olfactory inflammation. METHODS Two experimental groups of mice were studied: TNFR1 knockout in IOI background and TNFR1 knockout with allergen-induced inflammation. Olfactory function was assayed by electro-olfactogram (EOG), and olfactory tissue was processed for histology and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS TNF-α was dramatically induced in IOI-TNFR1 knockout mice, but the olfactory epithelium did not show inflammation. EOG responses were normal after either 2 or 8 weeks of TNF-α expression. Ovalbumin-sensitized TNFR1 knockout mice developed markedly diminished eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration. CONCLUSION Genetic deletion of TNFR1 completely blocks TNF-α-induced inflammation and reduces allergen-induced inflammation. Preserved EOG responses suggest a TNFR1-dependent mechanism of TNF-α-induced olfactory neuron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Sousa Garcia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Otolaryngology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy K Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paulo Roberto Lazarini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Kim HY, Nam SY, Jang JB, Choi Y, Kang IC, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. 2-(4-{2-[(phenylthio)acetyl]carbonohydrazonoyl}phenoxy)acetamide as a new lead compound for management of allergic rhinitis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:963-973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides ratti is involved in mucosa-associated parasite-host interaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 207:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shalaby NM, Shalaby NM. Effect of Ascaris lumbricoides infection on T helper cell type 2 in rural Egyptian children. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:379-85. [PMID: 27022269 PMCID: PMC4790525 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s94019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is a neglected parasite that induces changes in host immune response. This study is conducted to define the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in some Egyptian children and their relations to intensity of infection, age, and ascariasis symptoms. Stool samples were examined using formol-ether concentration and Kato-Katz thick smear techniques. Sera of 60 A. lumbricoides-infected children and 20 controls were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean sera concentrations of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-5 were 7.41±2.5 pg/mL, 107.60±18.3 pg/mL, and 389.52±28.0 pg/mL, respectively. The controls had mean serum TNF-α 7.10±2.4 pg/mL, IL-4 25.49±2.6 pg/mL, and IL-5 88.76±22.7 pg/mL. The difference in the concentration of sera cytokines was statistically significant for IL-4 and IL-5 (P<0.01) between A. lumbricoides-infected children and controls. The intensity of infection correlated positively with IL-4 and IL-5 at r=0.959 and r=0.919, respectively. The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5 correlated positively with the age at r=0.845 and r=0.934, respectively. Asthma and gastrointestinal tract upsets were correlated positively with IL-4 and IL-5. These data indicate that A. lumbricoides infection in our locality is associated with significantly high levels of IL-4 and IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M Shalaby
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehad M Shalaby
- Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Nogueira DS, Gazzinelli-Guimarães PH, Barbosa FS, Resende NM, Silva CC, de Oliveira LM, Amorim CCO, Oliveira FMS, Mattos MS, Kraemer LR, Caliari MV, Gaze S, Bueno LL, Russo RC, Fujiwara RT. Multiple Exposures to Ascaris suum Induce Tissue Injury and Mixed Th2/Th17 Immune Response in Mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004382. [PMID: 26814713 PMCID: PMC4729520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascaris spp. infection affects 800 million people worldwide, and half of the world population is currently at risk of infection. Recurrent reinfection in humans is mostly due to the simplicity of the parasite life cycle, but the impact of multiple exposures to the biology of the infection and the consequences to the host's homeostasis are poorly understood. In this context, single and multiple exposures in mice were performed in order to characterize the parasitological, histopathological, tissue functional and immunological aspects of experimental larval ascariasis. The most important findings revealed that reinfected mice presented a significant reduction of parasite burden in the lung and an increase in the cellularity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) associated with a robust granulocytic pulmonary inflammation, leading to a severe impairment of respiratory function. Moreover, the multiple exposures to Ascaris elicited an increased number of circulating inflammatory cells as well as production of higher levels of systemic cytokines, mainly IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-α when compared to single-infected animals. Taken together, our results suggest the intense pulmonary inflammation associated with a polarized systemic Th2/Th17 immune response are crucial to control larval migration after multiple exposures to Ascaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Silva Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sérgio Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathália Maria Resende
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cavalcanti Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Chiara Cássia Oliveira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rocha Kraemer
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Soraya Gaze
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation–FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasite Genomics, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Gwak NG, Kim EY, Lee B, Kim JH, Im YS, Lee KY, Jun-Kum C, Kim HS, Cho HJ, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Xanthii Fructus inhibits allergic response in the ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic rhinitis model. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S352-61. [PMID: 26664025 PMCID: PMC4653347 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Xanthii Fructus (XF) is widely used in traditional anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory Asian medicine. Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory disease characterized by markedly increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the nasal mucosa. We investigated the effects of XF in the allergen-induced rhinitis model. Materials and Methods: Following ovalbumin (OVA)/alum intraperitoneal injection on days 0, 7 and 14, the BALB/c mice (albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house mice) were challenged intranasally with OVA for 10 days a week after the last sensitization. The number of sneezes was recorded for 10 days; additionally, the levels of cytokines, histamine, immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific serum IgE were estimated. Eosinophil infiltration, thickness of nasal mucosa and expression of caspase-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the effect of XF on the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) in human mast cell-1 (HMC-1), by Western blotting. Results: The administration of XF significantly decreased sneezing and the serum levels of histamine, IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-5, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). XF inhibited the changes in thickness of the nasal septum, influx of eosinophils and expression of capase-1. In addition, XF inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB in phorbol-myristate-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) stimulated HMC-1. Conclusion: This study suggests that XF acts a potent anti-allergic drug which alleviates the allergic responses in ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic rhinitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gil Gwak
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bina Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Im
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Jun-Kum
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Cho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Mourglia-Ettlin G, Merlino A, Capurro R, Dematteis S. Susceptibility and resistance to Echinococcus granulosus infection: Associations between mouse strains and early peritoneal immune responses. Immunobiology 2015; 221:418-26. [PMID: 26658113 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In helminth infections, there are no easy associations between host susceptibility and immune responses. Interestingly, immunity to cestodes - unlike most helminths - seems to require Th1-type effectors. In this sense, we reported recently that Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice are high and low susceptible strains, respectively, to experimental infection by Echinococcus granulosus. However, the role of the early cellular peritoneal response in such differential susceptibility is unknown. Here, we analyzed the kinetics of cytokines expression and cellular phenotypes in peritoneal cells from infected Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted to highlight the most relevant differences between strains. Finally, the anti-parasite activities of peritoneal cells were assessed through in vitro systems. PCAs clustered C57Bl/6 mice by their early mixed IL-5/TNF-α responses and less intense expression of Th2-type cytokines. Moreover, they exhibited lower counts of eosinophils and higher numbers of macrophages and B cells. Functional studies showed that peritoneal cells from infected C57Bl/6 mice displayed greater anti-parasite activities, in accordance with higher rates of NO production and more efficient ADCC responses. In conclusion, mild Th2-responses and active cellular mechanisms are key determinants in murine resistance to E. granulosus infection, supporting the cestode immune exception among helminth parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rafael Capurro
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sylvia Dematteis
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Differential immune responses in mice infected with the tissue-dwelling nematode Trichinella zimbabwensis. J Helminthol 2015; 90:547-54. [PMID: 26294082 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To improve diagnostic tools, immunotherapies and vaccine development for trichinellosis surveillance and control there is a need to understand the host immune responses induced during infection with Trichinella zimbabwensis, a tissue-dwelling nematode. In this study, we sought to determine immune responses induced in mice during T. zimbabwensis infection. The parasite strain used (Code ISS1209) was derived from a naturally infected crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and is the main Trichinella species prevalent in southern Africa. Sixty 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two equal groups: T. zimbabwensis-infected (n= 30) and the non-infected control group (n= 30). Levels of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody responses were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cytokines and antibodies provided information on T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type, T-regulatory and antibody responses. Results showed that during the intestinal stage of infection, higher levels of parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1 (P < 0.05) and IL-10 and TNF-α (P < 0.001) were observed in the Trichinella-infected group compared with the non-infected control group. In the parasite establishment and tissue migration phases, levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were elevated (P < 0.001), while those of IgM (P < 0.01) declined on days 21 and 35 post infection (pi) compared to the enteric phase. Our findings show that distinct differences in Th1- and Th2-type and T-regulatory responses are induced during the intestinal, tissue migration and larval establishment stages of T. zimbabwensis infection.
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Chueh HW, Park SK, Hur DY, Bae WY. Expression profile of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:1036-41. [PMID: 26250527 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) is a multifunctional gene family that contributes to the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix, transduction of specific intracellular signals, organogenesis, inflammation, tissue remodeling, adhesion, and cell migration. ADAM17 is the best characterized sheddase, with widespread putative substrates, including various inflammatory modulators. ADAM10 is the most similar ADAM to ADAM17 in terms of both protein sequence and the structural properties of their catalytic domains. The objective of this work was to assess the expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in allergic rhinitis to gain insight into their respective roles. METHODS The expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 was investigated in the nasal mucosa under allergic and nonallergic conditions. Tissue samples were evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, and data were analyzed semiquantitatively with densitometry. RESULTS The ADAM17 messenger RNA (mRNA) level was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the allergic nasal mucosa than in the nonallergic nasal mucosa, whereas the ADAM10 mRNA level was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the nonallergic nasal mucosa. The ADAM17 protein levels were also significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the allergic nasal mucosa, whereas the ADAM10 protein levels were lower in the nonallergic nasal mucosa (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Decreased expression of ADAM17 and increased expression of ADAM10 may contribute to the development of allergic rhinitis through unknown pathways. We suggest that understanding the expression profile of ADAM17 and ADAM10 might help to elucidate the mechanism of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Chueh
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Kim YH, Yang X, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Lin IC, Tachibana H. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose increases a population of T regulatory cells and inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Kim YH, Yang X, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Lin IC, Tachibana H. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose increases a population of T regulatory cells and inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The mouse whipworm Trichuris muris has long been used as a tractable
model of human Trichuriasis. Here we look back at the history of T. muris
research; from the definition of the species and determination of its life cycle, through
to the complex immune responses that we study today. We highlight the key research papers
that have developed our understanding of immune responses to this parasite, and reflect on
how original concepts have been transformed, as our knowledge of immunology has grown.
Although we have a good understanding of host–parasite interactions in the context of the
underlying cellular immunology, there are still many aspects of the biology of the
Trichuris parasite that remain undefined. We predict that advances in
parasite biology will be key in the future development of new and improved treatments for
Trichuriasis.
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Zaph C, Artis D. Parasitic Infection of the Mucosal Surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rojas-Caraballo J, López-Abán J, Pérez del Villar L, Vizcaíno C, Vicente B, Fernández-Soto P, del Olmo E, Patarroyo MA, Muro A. In vitro and in vivo studies for assessing the immune response and protection-inducing ability conferred by Fasciola hepatica-derived synthetic peptides containing B- and T-cell epitopes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105323. [PMID: 25122166 PMCID: PMC4133369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is considered the most widespread trematode disease affecting grazing animals around the world; it is currently recognised by the World Health Organisation as an emergent human pathogen. Triclabendazole is still the most effective drug against this disease; however, resistant strains have appeared and developing an effective vaccine against this disease has increasingly become a priority. Several bioinformatics tools were here used for predicting B- and T-cell epitopes according to the available data for Fasciola hepatica protein amino acid sequences. BALB/c mice were immunised with the synthetic peptides by using the ADAD vaccination system and several immune response parameters were measured (antibody titres, cytokine levels, T-cell populations) to evaluate their ability to elicit an immune response. Based on the immunogenicity results so obtained, seven peptides were selected to assess their protection-inducing ability against experimental infection with F. hepatica metacercariae. Twenty-four B- or T-epitope-containing peptides were predicted and chemically synthesised. Immunisation of mice with peptides so-called B1, B2, B5, B6, T14, T15 and T16 induced high levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a (p<0.05) and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg immune response, according to IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 levels, accompanied by increased CD62L+ T-cell populations. A high level of protection was obtained in mice vaccinated with peptides B2, B5, B6 and T15 formulated in the ADAD vaccination system with the AA0029 immunomodulator. The bioinformatics approach used in the present study led to the identification of seven peptides as vaccine candidates against the infection caused by Fasciola hepatica (a liver-fluke trematode). However, vaccine efficacy must be evaluated in other host species, including those having veterinary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rojas-Caraballo
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Pérez del Villar
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carolina Vizcaíno
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Belén Vicente
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther del Olmo
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Muro
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
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Choi JP, Kim YM, Choi HI, Choi SJ, Park HT, Lee WH, Gho YS, Jee YK, Jeon SG, Kim YK. An important role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 on natural killer T cells on the development of dsRNA-enhanced Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens. Allergy 2014; 69:186-98. [PMID: 24191851 DOI: 10.1111/all.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that TNF-α is a key mediator of the development of dsRNA-enhanced Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens. Natural killer T (NKT) cells may be a candidate source of Th2-polarizing cytokines. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of lung NKT cells on the development of TNF-α-mediated Th2 cell response. METHODS A virus-associated asthma mouse model was generated by the administration of ovalbumin (OVA, 75 μg) and poly[I:C] (0.1 μg). Role of NKT and type I NKT cells was evaluated using CD1d- and Jα18-deficient mice. TNF-α receptors (TNFRs) were antagonized by using TNFR blocking peptides. RESULTS The number of infiltrated NKT cells was increased in a virus-associated asthma mouse model. Increase in Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in wild-type mice were abolished in both CD1d- and Jα18-deficient mice. In vitro co-culture experiments with alveolar macrophages and NKT cells showed that TNF-α produced by macrophages in the presence of poly[I:C] acts on NKT cells, inducing production of Th2-polarizing cytokines. Moreover, the induction of Th2-polarizing cytokines by poly[I:C] or recombinant TNF-α was impaired in both CD1d- and Jα18-deficient mice and that the above effect was reversed by a TNF-α receptor-2 (TNFR2) blocking peptide, but not by a TNFR1 blocker. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that NKT cells play a key role in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens and that TNF-α produced by alveolar macrophages induces Th2 cell response, via TNFR2 on NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Choi
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - Y.-M. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - H.-I. Choi
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - S.-J. Choi
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - H. T. Park
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - W.-H. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - Y. S. Gho
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - Y.-K. Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Dankook University College of Medicine; Cheonan Korea
| | - S. G. Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
| | - Y.-K. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Korea
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Nam SY, Kim MH, Seo Y, Choi Y, Jang JB, Kang IC, Kim MJ, Pak SC, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. The (2'S,7'S)-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-columbianetin as a novel allergic rhinitis-control agent. Life Sci 2014; 98:103-12. [PMID: 24447626 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The (2'S,7'S)-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-columbianetin (OMC) is a novel secondary metabolite extracted from Corydalis heterocarpa, which has long been used as a folk medicine for various inflammatory diseases in Korea. We examined the effect of OMC on allergic rhinitis (AR). MAIN METHODS We assessed the therapeutic effects and regulatory mechanisms of OMC on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus A23187-stimulated mast cell line, HMC-1 cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR models. KEY FINDINGS OMC significantly decreased the releases of histamine and tryptase from stimulated HMC-1 cells. The degranulation process, characterized by morphological extension of the filopodia on the surface and membrane ruffling, was strongly induced in the stimulated-HMC-1 cell, however OMC suppressed the morphological changes in stimulated-HMC-1 cells. OMC reduced the production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. These inhibitory actions by OMC were dependent on the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-κB, and caspapase-1 signaling pathways. In the AR animal model, the increased rub scores and AR biomarkers (histamine and IgE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were significantly reduced by the administration of OMC. Furthermore, eosinophils and mast cell infiltrations in nasal mucosa tissue were also blocked through the regulation of macrophage-inflammatory protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. SIGNIFICANCE OMC showed the possibility to regulate AR in activated mast cells and OVA-induced AR models. Hence, we suggest that OMC is a powerful and feasible new agent to suppress AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- High-Enthalpy Plasma Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Biochip Research Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 165, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jang
- Regional Innovation Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 165, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- Biochip Research Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 165, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Jo Kim
- Oriental Bio-herb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 165, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea.
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Helmby H. Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes: a story of immune modulation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:475-82. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kofler S, Ackaert C, Samonig M, Asam C, Briza P, Horejs-Hoeck J, Cabrele C, Ferreira F, Duschl A, Huber C, Brandstetter H. Stabilization of the dimeric birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 impacts its immunological properties. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:540-51. [PMID: 24253036 PMCID: PMC3879576 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.518795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many allergens share several biophysical characteristics, including the capability to undergo oligomerization. The dimerization mechanism in Bet v 1 and its allergenic properties are so far poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of dimeric Bet v 1, revealing a noncanonical incorporation of cysteine at position 5 instead of genetically encoded tyrosine. Cysteine polysulfide bridging stabilized different dimeric assemblies, depending on the polysulfide linker length. These dimers represent quaternary arrangements that are frequently observed in related proteins, reflecting their prevalence in unmodified Bet v 1. These conclusions were corroborated by characteristic immunologic properties of monomeric and dimeric allergen variants. Hereby, residue 5 could be identified as an allergenic hot spot in Bet v 1. The presented results refine fundamental principles in protein chemistry and emphasize the importance of protein modifications in understanding the molecular basis of allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kofler
- From the Structural Biology Group, Department of Molecular Biology
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Wiria AE, Djuardi Y, Supali T, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M. Helminth infection in populations undergoing epidemiological transition: a friend or foe? Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:889-901. [PMID: 23129304 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in rural areas. With gradual development, there is a transition from living conditions that are dominated by infection, poor sanitation, manual labor, and traditional diet to a situation where burden of infections is reduced, infrastructure is improved, sedentary lifestyle dominates, and processed food forms a large proportion of the calorie intake. The combinations of some of the changes in lifestyle and environment are expected to result in alteration of the landscape of diseases, which will become dominated by non-communicable disorders. Here we review how the major helminth infections affect a large proportion of the population in the developing world and discuss their impact on the immune system and the consequences of this for other infections which are co-endemic in the same areas. Furthermore, we address the issue of decreasing helminth infections in many parts of the world within the context of increasing inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Klementowicz JE, Travis MA, Grencis RK. Trichuris muris: a model of gastrointestinal parasite infection. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:815-28. [PMID: 23053395 PMCID: PMC3496546 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infection with soil-transmitted gastrointestinal parasites, such as Trichuris trichiura, affects more than a billion people worldwide, causing significant morbidity and health problems especially in poverty-stricken developing countries. Despite extensive research, the role of the immune system in triggering parasite expulsion is incompletely understood which hinders the development of anti-parasite therapies. Trichuris muris infection in mice serves as a useful model of T. trichiura infection in humans and has proven to be an invaluable tool in increasing our understanding of the role of the immune system in promoting either susceptibility or resistance to infection. The old paradigm of a susceptibility-associated Th1 versus a resistance-associated Th2-type response has been supplemented in recent years with cell populations such as novel innate lymphoid cells, basophils, dendritic cells and regulatory T cells proposed to play an active role in responses to T. muris infection. Moreover, new immune-controlled mechanisms of expulsion, such as increased epithelial cell turnover and mucin secretion, have been described in recent years increasing the number of possible targets for anti-parasite therapies. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of experimental work conducted on the T. muris infection model, focusing on important findings and the most recent reports on the role of the immune system in parasite expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Klementowicz
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Choi JP, Kim YS, Kim OY, Kim YM, Jeon SG, Roh TY, Park JS, Gho YS, Kim YK. TNF-alpha is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens induced by a viral PAMP double-stranded RNA. Allergy 2012; 67:1138-48. [PMID: 22765163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as dsRNA, disrupt airway tolerance to inhaled allergens. Specifically, the Th2 and Th17 cell responses are induced by low-dose dsRNA and the Th1-dominant response by high-dose dsRNA. OBJECTIVE In this model, we evaluate the role of TNF-α in the development of adaptive immune dysfunction to inhaled allergens induced by airway sensitization with dsRNA-containing allergens. METHODS A virus-associated asthma mouse model was generated via simultaneous airway administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and low (0.1 μg) or high (10 μg) doses of polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]). The effect of TNF-α on Th2 airway inflammation was evaluated using TNF-α-deficient mice and recombinant TNF-α. RESULTS TNF-α production was enhanced by airway exposure to low and high doses of poly[I:C]. After airway sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C], TNF-α-deficient mice exhibited less OVA-induced airway inflammation than did wild-type (WT) mice. However, this did not occur upon sensitization with high-dose poly[I:C]. In terms of T-cell response, the production of IL-4 from lung T cells after OVA challenge was enhanced by airway sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C] in WT mice, and this phenotype was inhibited by the absence of TNF-α. Moreover, the Th2 cell response induced by sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C], which was abolished in TNF-α-deficient mice, was restored in these mice upon addition of recombinant TNF-α. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that TNF-α produced by airway exposure to low-dose dsRNA is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Choi
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-S. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - O. Y. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-M. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - S. G. Jeon
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - T.-Y. Roh
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - J.-S. Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang; Korea
| | - Y. S. Gho
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-K. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
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Detection of a quantitative trait locus associated with resistance to Ascaris suum infection in pigs. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Quan SH, Zhang YL, Han DH, Iwakura Y, Rhee CS. Contribution of interleukin 17A to the development and regulation of allergic inflammation in a murine allergic rhinitis model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 108:342-50. [PMID: 22541406 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 17A, a key cytokine of T(H)17 cells, is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine. Despite the important role of T(H)17 cells in acute airway inflammation, the role of IL-17A in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of IL-17A in the allergic response in AR. METHODS Wild-type BALB/c and IL-17A-deficient mice were immunized intraperitoneally and were challenged intranasally with ovalbumin. Allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, serum IgE level, and the levels of several cytokines in nasal lavage fluid and splenocyte supernatants were analyzed. RESULTS IL-17A levels increased significantly more in ovalbumin-sensitized wild-type mice than in the negative control group. IL-17A-deficient mice showed a significant decrease in allergic symptoms, serum IgE levels, and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa compared with wild-type mice. IL-17A-deficient mice also showed decreased histamine and cysteinyl leukotriene release. Bone marrow-derived mast cells from IL-17A-deficient mice showed significantly lower degranulation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, IL-17A deficiency attenuated the IL-5 level in nasal lavage fluid and its production in response to ovalbumin but did not increase interferon γ production and its level in nasal lavage fluid. In addition, secretion of IL-17A from spleen cells induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine messenger RNA in macrophages. The mean level of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α and IL-17, decreased in IL-17A-deficient mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-17A may partly contribute to the development of nasal allergic inflammation in an AR animal model and regulate AR via the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and modulation of T(H)2 cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hua Quan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ito T, Liu YJ, Arima K. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of TSLP function in human allergic disorders--TSLP programs the "Th2 code" in dendritic cells. Allergol Int 2012; 61:35-43. [PMID: 22189594 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.11-rai-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been recently implicated as a key molecule for initiating allergic inflammation at the epithelial cell-dendritic cell (DC) interface. In humans, aberrant TSLP expression is observed in allergic tissues, such as lesional skins of atopic dermatitis, lungs of asthmatics, nasal mucosa of atopic rhinitis and nasal polyps, and ocular surface of allergic keratoconjunctivitis. TSLP is produced predominantly by damaged epithelial cells and stimulates myeloid DCs (mDCs). TSLP-activated mDCs can promote the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells into a Th2 phenotype and the expansion of CD4(+) Th2 memory cells in a unique manner dependent on OX40L, one of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily members with Th2-promoting function, and lack of production of IL-12. From a genetic point of view, multiple genome-wide association studies have repeatedly identified the TSLP gene as one of the loci associated with susceptibility to allergic diseases. Thus, TSLP is a rational therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic disorders. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate TSLP expression and the effects of TSLP on orchestrating the immune response toward a Th2 phenotype is essential for developing anti-TSLP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Sheng YH, Hasnain SZ, Florin THJ, McGuckin MA. Mucins in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:28-38. [PMID: 21913981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is protected by a mucus barrier with both secreted and cell-surface mucins contributing to the exclusion of luminal microbes and toxins. Alterations in the structure and/or quantity of mucins alter the barrier function of mucus and could play roles in initiating and maintaining mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and in driving cancer development in the intestine. The aim of this review is to focus on the roles of the mucins in IBD. The polymorphisms of mucin genes that have been associated with susceptibility to IBD, and alterations in mucin expression as well as factors that regulate production of the mucins in IBD, are summarized. Data from animal models of intestinal inflammation, which support the importance of mucins in IBD and cancer development, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong H Sheng
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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McGuckin MA, Lindén SK, Sutton P, Florin TH. Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011. [PMID: 21407243 DOI: 10.1038/nrm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular secreted mucus and the cell surface glycocalyx prevent infection by the vast numbers of microorganisms that live in the healthy gut. Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of these barriers. In this Review, we describe the components of the secreted and cell surface mucosal barriers and the evidence that they form an effective barricade against potential pathogens. However, successful enteric pathogens have evolved strategies to circumvent these barriers. We discuss the interactions between enteric pathogens and mucins, and the mechanisms that these pathogens use to disrupt and avoid mucosal barriers. In addition, we describe dynamic alterations in the mucin barrier that are driven by host innate and adaptive immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McGuckin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland School of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
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Ibelli A, Nakata L, Andréo R, Coutinho L, Oliveira M, Amarante A, Furlong J, Zaros L, Regitano L. mRNA profile of Nellore calves after primary infection with Haemonchus placei. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kapulu MC, Simuyandi M, Sianongo S, Mutale M, Katubulushi M, Kelly P. Differential changes in expression of intestinal antimicrobial peptide genes during Ascaris lumbricoides infection in Zambian adults do not respond to helminth eradication. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1464-73. [PMID: 21357944 PMCID: PMC3080889 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Intestinal helminthiasis modulates immune responses to vaccines and environmental allergens. To explore the impact on intestinal host defense, we assessed expression of antimicrobial peptide genes, together with T cell subset markers and cytokines, in patients with ascariasis before and after treatment. Methods. Case patients (n = 27) and control subjects (n = 44) underwent enteroscopy for collection of jejunal biopsy specimens, which were used in quantitative, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for a range of host defense genes; blood samples were also analyzed simultaneously. Results. The level of gene expression (mRNA) of HD5, hBD1, and LL-37 was lower in case patients than in control subjects, and the level of expression of HD6 was increased. However, after successful eradication, there was no trend to values seen in control subjects. Helminthiasis was associated with increased intestinal expression of the Th1 genes T-bet and interferon-γ. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a mixed profile of T cell markers and cytokines was increased. Ascaris-induced down-regulation of HD5 was observed in individuals with higher RORγt expression in PBMCs, but we found no evidence that this was mediated by circulating interleukin-22. Conclusions. Human ascariasis was associated with changes in antimicrobial peptide gene expression and immunological markers. Such changes may have implications for susceptibility to infectious disease and responsiveness to oral vaccines in tropical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Kapulu
- Biological Sciences Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka
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Mo JH, Kang EK, Quan SH, Rhee CS, Lee CH, Kim DY. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment reduces allergic responses in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. Allergy 2011; 66:279-86. [PMID: 21208219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response, including allergic rhinitis. TNF-α inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases; however, the effects of TNF-α inhibitors on allergic rhinitis are not well established. We aimed to investigate the effects of infliximab, a TNF-α inhibitor, on allergic rhinitis in a mouse model. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, and challenged intranasally with OVA. The TNF-α inhibitor, infliximab was administered intraperitoneally, and multiple parameters of allergic responses were evaluated to determine the effects of infliximab. RESULTS Infliximab reduced allergic symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration into the nasal mucosa. It also suppressed total and OVA-specific IgE levels, and inhibited local Th2 cytokine transcription in the nasal mucosa and systemic Th2 cytokine production by splenocytes. Furthermore, the expression of E-selectin, neither intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) nor vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), in the nasal mucosa was suppressed in the infliximab-treated group when compared to the nontreated group. CONCLUSION This study shows that the TNF-α inhibitor infliximab induces anti-allergic effects by decreasing local and systemic Th2 cytokine (IL-4) production, total and OVA-specific IgE levels, adhesion molecule (E-selectin) expression, and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa in an allergic rhinitis model. Therefore, infliximab should be considered as a potential agent in treating allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
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