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KAJI N, IWAOKA K, NAKAMURA S, TSUKAMOTO A. Fuzapladib reduces postsurgical inflammation in the intestinal muscularis externa. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1151-1156. [PMID: 37730381 PMCID: PMC10686772 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a surgical complication that induces emesis and anorexia. Fuzapladib (FUZ), an inhibitor of leukocyte-function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) activation, a leukocyte adhesion molecule, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration into the inflammatory site. In this study, we examined the prophylactic impact of FUZ on POI in a mouse model. POI model mice were generated by intestinal manipulation, and the effect of FUZ on intestinal transit and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the ileal muscularis externa was assessed. The increased number of macrophages was significantly suppressed by FUZ, whereas the infiltration of neutrophils into the ileal muscularis externa was not sufficiently inhibited in the POI model mice. Additionally, FUZ did not ameliorate delayed gastrointestinal transit in POI model mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that FUZ does not improve delayed gastrointestinal transit but partially inhibits inflammation in the ileal muscularis externa in POI model mice. FUZ may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the management of post-surgical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki KAJI
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuzu IWAOKA
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro NAKAMURA
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi TSUKAMOTO
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Podolnikova NP, Lishko VK, Roberson R, Koh Z, Derkach D, Richardson D, Sheller M, Ugarova TP. Platelet factor 4 improves survival in a murine model of antibiotic-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1217103. [PMID: 37868353 PMCID: PMC10585365 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1217103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement receptor CR3, also known as integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), is one of the major phagocytic receptors on the surface of neutrophils and macrophages. We previously demonstrated that in its protein ligands, Mac-1 binds sequences enriched in basic and hydrophobic residues and strongly disfavors negatively charged sequences. The avoidance by Mac-1 of negatively charged surfaces suggests that the bacterial wall and bacterial capsule possessing net negative electrostatic charge may repel Mac-1 and that the cationic Mac-1 ligands can overcome this evasion by acting as opsonins. Indeed, we previously showed that opsonization of Gram-negative Escherichia coli with several cationic peptides, including PF4 (Platelet Factor 4), strongly augmented phagocytosis by macrophages. Here, we investigated the effect of recombinant PF4 (rPF4) on phagocytosis of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and examined its impact in a mouse model of S. aureus peritonitis. Characterization of the interaction of rPF4 with nonencapsulated and encapsulated S. aureus showed that rPF4 localizes on the bacterial surface, thus making it available for Mac-1. Furthermore, rPF4 did not have direct bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity and was not toxic to host cells. rPF4 enhanced phagocytosis of S. aureus bioparticles by various primary and cultured Mac-1-expressing leukocytes by several folds. It also increased phagocytosis of live nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria. Notably, the augmentation of phagocytosis by rPF4 did not compromise the intracellular killing of S. aureus by macrophages. Using a murine S. aureus peritonitis model, we showed that treatment of infected mice with rPF4 caused a significant increase in the clearance of antibiotic-susceptible S. aureus and its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) variant and markedly improved survival. These findings indicate that rPF4 binding to the bacterial surface circumvents its antiphagocytic properties, improving host defense against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeryi K. Lishko
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Robert Roberson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhiqian Koh
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Michael Sheller
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Tatiana P. Ugarova
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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3
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Podolnikova NP, Lishko VK, Roberson R, Koh Z, Derkach D, Richardson D, Sheller M, Ugarova TP. PLATELET FACTOR 4 (PF4) IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN A MURINE MODEL OF ANTIBIOTIC-SUSCEPTIBLE AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PERITONITIS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554865. [PMID: 37662328 PMCID: PMC10473751 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement receptor CR3, also known as integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), is one of the major phagocytic receptors on the surface of neutrophils and macrophages. We previously demonstrated that in its protein ligands, Mac-1 binds sequences enriched in basic and hydrophobic residues and strongly disfavors negatively charged sequences. The avoidance by Mac-1 of negatively charged surfaces suggests that the bacterial wall and bacterial capsule possessing net negative electrostatic charge may repel Mac-1 and that the cationic Mac-1 ligands can overcome this evasion by acting as opsonins. Indeed, we previously showed that opsonization of Gram-negative Escherichia coli with several cationic peptides, including PF4 (Platelet Factor 4), strongly augmented phagocytosis by macrophages. Here, we investigated the effect of recombinant PF4 (rPF4) on phagocytosis of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and examined its impact in a mouse model of S. aureus peritonitis. Characterization of the interaction of rPF4 with nonencapsulated and encapsulated S. aureus showed that rPF4 localizes on the bacterial surface, thus making it available for Mac-1. Furthermore, rPF4 did not have direct bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity and was not toxic to host cells. rPF4 enhanced phagocytosis of S. aureus bioparticles by various primary and cultured Mac-1-expressing leukocytes by several folds. It also increased phagocytosis of live nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria. Notably, the augmentation of phagocytosis by rPF4 did not compromise the intracellular killing of S. aureus by macrophages. Using a murine S. aureus peritonitis model, we showed that treatment of infected mice with rPF4 caused a significant increase in the clearance of antibiotic-susceptible S. aureus and its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) variant and markedly improved survival. These findings indicate that rPF4 binding to the bacterial surface circumvents its antiphagocytic properties, improving host defense against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Roberson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Zhqian Koh
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | | | | | - Michael Sheller
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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4
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Lim HK, Bae S, Han K, Kang BM, Jeong Y, Kim SG, Suh M. Seizure-induced neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries leads to a decrease in postictal cerebral blood flow. iScience 2023; 26:106655. [PMID: 37168551 PMCID: PMC10164910 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion has been proposed as a potential cause of postictal neurological dysfunction in epilepsy, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. We show that a 30% reduction in postictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) has two contributing factors: the early hypoperfusion up to ∼30 min post-seizure was mainly induced by arteriolar constriction, while the hypoperfusion that persisted for over an hour was due to increased capillary stalling induced by neutrophil adhesion to brain capillaries, decreased red blood cell (RBC) flow accompanied by constriction of capillaries and venules, and elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Administration of antibodies against the neutrophil marker Ly6G and against LFA-1, which mediates adhesive interactions with ICAM-1, prevented neutrophil adhesion and recovered the prolonged CBF reductions to control levels. Our findings provide evidence that seizure-induced neutrophil adhesion to cerebral microvessels via ICAM-1 leads to prolonged postictal hypoperfusion, which may underlie neurological dysfunction in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyoung Lim
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kayoung Han
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Bok-Man Kang
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoonyi Jeong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- IMNEWRUN Inc, N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence (IPHC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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5
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Patras L, Shaashua L, Matei I, Lyden D. Immune determinants of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:546-572. [PMID: 36917952 PMCID: PMC10170403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors actively and specifically prime pre-metastatic niches (PMNs), the future sites of organotropic metastasis, preparing these distant microenvironments for disseminated tumor cell arrival. While initial studies of the PMN focused on extracellular matrix alterations and stromal reprogramming, it is increasingly clear that the far-reaching effects of tumors are in great part achieved through systemic and local PMN immunosuppression. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and provide a comprehensive overview of the immune determinants of the PMN's spatiotemporal evolution. Moreover, we depict the PMN immune landscape, based on functional pre-clinical studies as well as mounting clinical evidence, and the dynamic, reciprocal crosstalk with systemic changes imposed by cancer progression. Finally, we outline emerging therapeutic approaches that alter the dynamics of the interactions driving PMN formation and reverse immunosuppression programs in the PMN ensuring early anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Chlastáková A, Kaščáková B, Kotál J, Langhansová H, Kotsyfakis M, Kutá Smatanová I, Tirloni L, Chmelař J. Iripin-1, a new anti-inflammatory tick serpin, inhibits leukocyte recruitment in vivo while altering the levels of chemokines and adhesion molecules. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116324. [PMID: 36756125 PMCID: PMC9901544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpins are widely distributed and functionally diverse inhibitors of serine proteases. Ticks secrete serpins with anti-coagulation, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities via their saliva into the feeding cavity to modulate host's hemostatic and immune reaction initiated by the insertion of tick's mouthparts into skin. The suppression of the host's immune response not only allows ticks to feed on a host for several days but also creates favorable conditions for the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Herein we present the functional and structural characterization of Iripin-1 (Ixodes ricinus serpin-1), whose expression was detected in the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes ricinus, a European vector of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease. Of 16 selected serine proteases, Iripin-1 inhibited primarily trypsin and further exhibited weaker inhibitory activity against kallikrein, matriptase, and plasmin. In the mouse model of acute peritonitis, Iripin-1 enhanced the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and chemokines involved in neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, including MCP-1/CCL2, a potent histamine-releasing factor. Despite increased chemokine levels, the migration of neutrophils and monocytes to inflamed peritoneal cavities was significantly attenuated following Iripin-1 administration. Based on the results of in vitro experiments, immune cell recruitment might be inhibited due to Iripin-1-mediated reduction of the expression of chemokine receptors in neutrophils and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. Decreased activity of serine proteases in the presence of Iripin-1 could further impede cell migration to the site of inflammation. Finally, we determined the tertiary structure of native Iripin-1 at 2.10 Å resolution by employing the X-ray crystallography technique. In conclusion, our data indicate that Iripin-1 facilitates I. ricinus feeding by attenuating the host's inflammatory response at the tick attachment site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Chlastáková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia,Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Ticks, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Barbora Kaščáková
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jan Kotál
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Helena Langhansová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Ivana Kutá Smatanová
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia,*Correspondence: Jindřich Chmelař,
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7
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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8
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Bhowmick S, Malat A, Caruso D, Ponery N, D'Mello V, Finn C, Abdul-Muneer PM. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1-Induced Posttraumatic Brain Injury Neuropathology in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus Leads to Sensorimotor Function Deficits and Psychological Stress. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0242-21.2021. [PMID: 34135004 PMCID: PMC8287878 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0242-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) promotes adhesion and transmigration of circulating leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes transmigrated immunocompetent cells to release mediators [function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1)] that stimulate glial and endothelial cells to express ICAM-1 and release cytokines, sustaining neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Although a strong correlation exists between TBI-mediated inflammation and impairment in functional outcome following brain trauma, the role of ICAM-1 in impairing functional outcome by inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after TBI remains inconclusive. The experimental TBI was induced in vivo by fluid percussion injury (FPI; 10 and 20 psi) in wild-type (WT) and ICAM-1-/- mice and in vitro by stretch injury (3 psi) in brain endothelial cells. We manipulate ICAM-1 pharmacologically and genetically and conducted several biochemical analyses to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying ICAM-1-mediated neuroinflammation and performed rotarod, grid-walk, sucrose preference, and light-dark tests to assess functional outcome. TBI-induced ICAM-1-mediated neuroinflammation and cell death occur via LFA-1 or Mac-1 signaling pathways that rely on oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. The deletion or blocking of ICAM-1 resulted in a better outcome in attenuating neuroinflammation and cell death as marked by the markers such as NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, cleaved-caspase-3 (cl-caspase-3), Annexin V, and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Trypan blue staining. ICAM-1 deletion in TBI improves sensorimotor, depression, and anxiety-like behavior with significant upregulation of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) D1 receptor (DAD1R), serotonin (5-HT)1AR, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). This study could establish the significance of ICAM-1 as a novel therapeutic target against the pathophysiology to establish functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhowmick
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Anitha Malat
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Danielle Caruso
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Nizmi Ponery
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Veera D'Mello
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Christina Finn
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - P M Abdul-Muneer
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110
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9
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Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. β2 integrin activation and signal transduction in leukocyte recruitment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C308-C316. [PMID: 34133240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00560.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a critical step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immunological responses. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in controlling cell movements and the recruitment process, and the integrin family of CAMs plays a key role. During cell movement, integrin function is dynamically and precisely regulated. However, this balance might be broken under pathological conditions. Thus, the functional regulation and molecular mechanisms of integrins related to diseases are often a focus of research. Integrin β2 is one of the most commonly expressed integrins in leukocytes that mediate leukocyte adhesion and migration, and it plays an important role in immune responses and inflammation. In this review, we focus on specific functions of integrin β2 in leukocyte recruitment, the conformational changes and signal transduction of integrin β2 activation, the similarities between murine and human factors, and how new insights into these processes can inform future therapies for inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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10
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Di Pilato M, Palomino-Segura M, Mejías-Pérez E, Gómez CE, Rubio-Ponce A, D'Antuono R, Pizzagalli DU, Pérez P, Kfuri-Rubens R, Benguría A, Dopazo A, Ballesteros I, Sorzano COS, Hidalgo A, Esteban M, Gonzalez SF. Neutrophil subtypes shape HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses after vaccinia virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:52. [PMID: 33846352 PMCID: PMC8041892 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells involved in the elimination of pathogens and can also induce adaptive immune responses. Nα and Nβ neutrophils have been described with distinct in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses. However, how these cell types exert their role in vivo and how manipulation of Nβ/Nα ratio influences vaccine-mediated immune responses are not known. In this study, we find that these neutrophil subtypes show distinct migratory and motility patterns and different ability to interact with CD8 T cells in the spleen following vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Moreover, after analysis of adhesion, inflammatory, and migration markers, we observe that Nβ neutrophils overexpress the α4β1 integrin compared to Nα. Finally, by inhibiting α4β1 integrin, we increase the Nβ/Nα ratio and enhance CD8 T-cell responses to HIV VACV-delivered antigens. These findings provide significant advancements in the comprehension of neutrophil-based control of adaptive immune system and their relevance in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Di Pilato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Miguel Palomino-Segura
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen E Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Rubio-Ponce
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Science and Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphael Kfuri-Rubens
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Benguría
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ballesteros
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S Sorzano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago F Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Blocking LFA-1 Aggravates Cardiac Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101267. [PMID: 31627327 PMCID: PMC6830329 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a member of the beta2-integrin family and plays a pivotal role for T cell activation and leukocyte trafficking under inflammatory conditions. Blocking LFA-1 has reduced or aggravated inflammation depending on the inflammation model. To investigate the effect of LFA-1 in myocarditis, mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) were treated with a function blocking anti-LFA-1 antibody from day 1 of disease until day 21, the peak of inflammation. Cardiac inflammation was evaluated by measuring infiltration of leukocytes into the inflamed cardiac tissue using histology and flow cytometry and was assessed by analysis of the heart weight/body weight ratio. LFA-1 antibody treatment severely enhanced leukocyte infiltration, in particular infiltration of CD11b+ monocytes, F4/80+ macrophages, CD4+ T cells, Ly6G+ neutrophils, and CD133+ progenitor cells at peak of inflammation which was accompanied by an increased heart weight/body weight ratio. Thus, blocking LFA-1 starting at the time of immunization severely aggravated acute cardiac inflammation in the EAM model.
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12
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Bajpai A, Tilley DG. The Role of Leukocytes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30443223 PMCID: PMC6221939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, have become targets of investigation for their potential role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. While leukocytes contribute significantly to the progression of diabetes and heart failure individually, understanding their participation in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure is much less understood. The present review summarizes the role of leukocytes in the complex interplay between diabetes and heart failure, which is critical to the discovery of new targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Bajpai
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Intravital microscopy in the study of the tumor microenvironment: from bench to human application. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20165-20178. [PMID: 29732011 PMCID: PMC5929454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a dynamic imaging modality that allows for the real time observation of biologic processes in vivo, including angiogenesis and immune cell interactions. In the setting of preclinical cancer models, IVM has facilitated an understanding of the tumor associated vasculature and the role of effector immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel approaches to apply IVM to human malignancies have thus far focused on cancer diagnosis and tumor vessel characterization, but have the potential to provide advances in the field of personalized medicine by identifying individual patients who may respond to systemically delivered chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the role that IVM has had in investigating tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment in preclinical studies and discuss its current and future applications to directly observe human tumors.
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Yu X, Akbarzadeh R, Pieper M, Scholzen T, Gehrig S, Schultz C, Zillikens D, König P, Petersen F. Neutrophil Adhesion Is a Prerequisite for Antibody-Mediated Proteolytic Tissue Damage in Experimental Models of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1990-1998. [PMID: 29559343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although uncontrolled proteolytic activity mediated by activated neutrophils is a major reason for tissue damage, therapeutic approaches using protease inhibitors are inefficient. Here, we investigated the role of the immune complex-induced neutrophil adhesion and protease release in tissue damage. We show both in vitro and in vivo that immune complex-mediated neutrophil adhesion to the target tissue depends on β2 integrins. Without affecting elastase or reactive oxygen species release, blocking of adhesion drastically inhibited tissue damage in an experimental model of autoantibody-mediated skin blistering disease. By using a cell-bound fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based elastase sensor, we detected elastase enzyme activity on the surface of adherent cells resistant to protease inhibitors. Inhibitor resistance was lost by CD18 blockade or deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Immune complex-induced neutrophil adhesion created an enclosed protected space between the cell and its target structure where proteinases and reactive oxygen species can execute their tissue-damaging effect. Because immune complex-induced neutrophil adhesion represents an indispensable step for tissue damage of many diseases, our findings may facilitate the development of strategies for the treatment of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Scholzen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gehrig
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL).
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15
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Deng L, Wan H, Zhou H, Yu L, He Y. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A alone or in combination with acetylglutamine on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rat: A PET study using 18F-fuorodeoxyglucose. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:119-132. [PMID: 29438705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and acetylglutamine (NAG) are extensively applied in the treatment of brain injury. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of HSYA alone or together with NAG using a rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 5) were intraperitoneally injected with 5, 10, 20 mg/kg HSYA, 300 mg/kg NAG and 10 mg/kg HSYA+300 mg/kg NAG after the onset of reperfusion and once each day for the following 7 days. After assessing the neurological deficit and infarct volume, we used 18F-FDG-PET to evaluate the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption, immunohistochemical analysis to detect the expression of GFAP, NGF, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1 in brain tissue at day 7 after cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB were determined by qRT-PCR, the protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by western blot. The results indicated that HSYA significantly up-regulated glucose metabolism, improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarction volume. HSYA alone or together with NAG attenuated apoptosis and inflammation by up-regulating GFAP, NGF and Bcl-2 expression, suppressing the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB. These finding suggested that HSYA exerted neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury by modulating inflammation and apoptosis process, and HSYA in combination with NAG possessed a synergetic effect on protecting cerebral I/R brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Hughes EL, Becker F, Flower RJ, Buckingham JC, Gavins FNE. Mast cells mediate early neutrophil recruitment and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties via the formyl peptide receptor 2/lipoxin A 4 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2393-2408. [PMID: 28471519 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years, studies have focused on the resolution of inflammation, which can be achieved by endogenous anti-inflammatory agonists such as Annexin A1 (AnxA1). Here, we investigated the effects of mast cells (MCs) on early LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment and the involvement of the AnxA1-formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX (FPR2/ALX or lipoxin A4 receptor) pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intravital microscopy (IVM) was used to visualize and quantify the effects of LPS (10 μg per mouse i.p.) on murine mesenteric cellular interactions. Furthermore, the role that MCs play in these inflammatory responses was determined in vivo and in vitro, and effects of AnxA1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 were assessed. KEY RESULTS LPS increased both neutrophil endothelial cell interactions within the mesenteric microcirculation and MC activation (determined by IVM and ruthenium red dye uptake), which in turn lead to the early stages of neutrophil recruitment. MC recruitment of neutrophils could be blocked by preventing the pro-inflammatory activation (using cromolyn sodium) or enhancing an anti-inflammatory phenotype (using Ac2-26) in MCs. Furthermore, MCs induced neutrophil migration in vitro, and MC stabilization enhanced the release of AnxA1 from neutrophils. Pharmacological approaches (such as the administration of FPR pan-antagonist Boc2, or the FPR2/ALX antagonist WRW4) revealed neutrophil FPR2/ALX to be important in this process. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Data presented here provide evidence for a role of MCs, which are ideally positioned in close proximity to the vasculature, to act as sentinel cells in neutrophil extravasation and resolution of inflammation via the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Hughes
- Centre for Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Felix Becker
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roderick J Flower
- Centre of Biochemical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University, London, EC1V 3AJ, UK
| | | | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Centre for Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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17
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The Dual Role of Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5120118. [PMID: 27999328 PMCID: PMC5184791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterised by aberrant immunological responses leading to chronic inflammation without tissue regeneration. These two diseases are considered distinct entities, and there is some evidence that neutrophil behaviour, above all other aspects of immunity, clearly separate them. Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to the site of inflammation, and their action is crucial to limit invasion by microorganisms. Furthermore, they play an essential role in proper resolution of inflammation. When these processes are not tightly regulated, they can trigger positive feedback amplification loops that promote neutrophil activation, leading to significant tissue damage and evolution toward chronic disease. Defective chemotaxis, as observed in Crohn’s disease, can also contribute to the disease through impaired microbe elimination. In addition, through NET production, neutrophils may be involved in thrombo-embolic events frequently observed in IBD patients. While the role of neutrophils has been studied in different animal models of IBD for many years, their contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood, and no molecules targeting neutrophils are used and validated for the treatment of these pathologies. Therefore, it is crucial to improve our understanding of their mode of action in these particular conditions in order to provide new therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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18
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Lishko VK, Moreno B, Podolnikova NP, Ugarova TP. Identification of Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 as a Ligand for Macrophage Integrin α Mβ 2 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) that Promotes Phagocytosis by Opsonizing Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2016:39-55. [PMID: 27990411 DOI: 10.2147/rrbc.s107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
LL-37, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, has numerous immune-modulating effects. However, the identity of a receptor(s) mediating the responses in immune cells remains uncertain. We have recently demonstrated that LL-37 interacts with the αMI-domain of integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1), a major receptor on the surface of myeloid cells, and induces a migratory response in Mac-1-expressing monocyte/macrophages as well as activation of Mac-1 on neutrophils. Here, we show that LL-37 and its C-terminal derivative supported strong adhesion of various Mac-1-expressing cells, including HEK293 cells stably transfected with Mac-1, human U937 monocytic cells and murine IC-21 macrophages. The cell adhesion to LL-37 was partially inhibited by specific Mac-1 antagonists, including mAb against the αM integrin subunit and neutrophil inhibitory factor, and completely blocked when anti-Mac-1 antibodies were combined with heparin, suggesting that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans act cooperatively with integrin Mac-1. Coating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with LL-37 significantly potentiated their phagocytosis by macrophages, and this process was blocked by a combination of anti-Mac-1 mAb and heparin. Furthermore, phagocytosis by wild-type murine peritoneal macrophages of LL-37-coated latex beads, a model of foreign surfaces, was several fold higher than that of untreated beads. By contrast, LL-37 failed to augment phagocytosis of beads by Mac-1-deficient macrophages. These results identify LL-37 as a novel ligand for integrin Mac-1 and demonstrate that the interaction between Mac-1 on macrophages and bacteria-bound LL-37 promotes phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeryi K Lishko
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Benjamin Moreno
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Nataly P Podolnikova
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Tatiana P Ugarova
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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19
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20
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Ley K, Rivera-Nieves J, Sandborn WJ, Shattil S. Integrin-based therapeutics: biological basis, clinical use and new drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:173-83. [PMID: 26822833 PMCID: PMC4890615 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are activatable molecules that are involved in adhesion and signalling. Of the 24 known human integrins, 3 are currently targeted therapeutically by monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules: drugs targeting the platelet αIIbβ3 integrin are used to prevent thrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary interventions, and compounds targeting the lymphocyte α4β1 and α4β7 integrins have indications in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. New antibodies and small molecules targeting β7 integrins (α4β7 and αEβ7 integrins) and their ligands are in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Integrin-based therapeutics have shown clinically significant benefits in many patients, leading to continued medical interest in the further development of novel integrin inhibitors. Of note, almost all integrin antagonists in use or in late-stage clinical trials target either the ligand-binding site or the ligand itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, Califoria 92037, USA, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Jesus Rivera-Nieves
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and the Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, Califoria 92037, USA, and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Immunology and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Sanford Shattil
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
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21
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Liu JR, Han X, Soriano SG, Yuki K. Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 deficiency impairs responses to polymicrobial sepsis. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:793-806. [PMID: 26380827 PMCID: PMC4568529 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i9.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in polymicrobial sepsis model in mice.
METHODS: Cecal ligation and puncture model was used to study polymicrobial sepsis in wild type and LFA-1 knockout (KO) (= CD11a KO) mice. Their survivals were examined. Neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, bacterial tissue load and bacterial killing by neutrophils, tissue cytokine profiles, and serum cytokines were examined. Apoptosis of tissues was assessed using cleaved-caspase 3 and TUNNEL staining. The recruitment of neutrophils to various tissues was assessed using myeloperoxidase staining or measuring myeloperoxidase activity.
RESULTS: LFA-1 deficiency significantly decreased survival (P = 0.0024) with the reduction of neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity and higher bacterial load in blood. It was also associated with increased apoptosis in spleen and more organ injuries probed by interleukin-6 mRNA level. However, the deficiency of LFA-1 did not prevent neutrophil recruitment to lung, liver, spleen or kidney, which suggested the existence of LFA-1 independent recruitment mechanism in these organs.
CONCLUSION: LFA-1 deficiency did not attenuate neutrophil recruitment to various organs to adequately mitigate secondary tissue injury in sepsis. It was associated with decreased neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity, higher bacterial load, leading to increased mortality in an abdominal, polymicrobial sepsis.
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22
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Yago T, Tsukamoto H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Thompson LF, McEver RP. Multi-Inhibitory Effects of A2A Adenosine Receptor Signaling on Neutrophil Adhesion Under Flow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3880-9. [PMID: 26355151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) signaling negatively regulates inflammatory responses in many disease models, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We used the selective A2AAR agonist, ATL313, to examine how A2AAR signaling affects human and murine neutrophil adhesion under flow. Treating neutrophils with ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced, β2 integrin-dependent slow rolling and chemokine-induced, β2 integrin-dependent arrest on ICAM-1. ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced β2 integrin extension, which supports slow rolling, and chemokine-induced hybrid domain "swing-out," which supports arrest. Furthermore, ATL313 inhibited integrin outside-in signaling as revealed by reduced neutrophil superoxide production and spreading on immobilized anti-β2 integrin Ab. ATL313 suppressed selectin-triggered activation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and p38 MAPK, chemokine-triggered activation of Ras-related protein 1, and β2 integrin-triggered activation of SFKs and Vav cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. ATL313 activated protein kinase A and its substrate C-terminal Src kinase, an inhibitor of SFKs. Treating neutrophils with a protein kinase A inhibitor blocked the actions of ATL313. In vivo, ATL313-treated neutrophils rolled faster and arrested much less frequently in postcapillary venules of the murine cremaster muscle after TNF-α challenge. Furthermore, ATL313 markedly suppressed neutrophil migration into the peritoneum challenged with thioglycollate. ATL313 did not affect A2AAR-deficient neutrophils, confirming its specificity. Our findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of A2AAR signaling and the potential utility of A2AAR agonists in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Linda F Thompson
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
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Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Song H, Feng J. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of hyperlipidemic rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1312-7. [PMID: 25657661 PMCID: PMC4308801 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.17.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia is a pathological process in many cerebrovascular diseases and it is induced by long-term hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After being fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries to establish rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia with hyperlipidemia. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat hippocampal CA1 region was determined to better understand the mechanism underlying the effects of hyperlipidemia on chronic cerebral ischemia. Water maze test results showed that the cognitive function of rats with hyperlipidemia or chronic cerebral ischemia, particularly in rats with hyperlipidemia combined with chronic cerebral ischemia, gradually decreased between 1 and 4 months after occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. This correlated with pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region as detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region was noticeably increased in rats with hyperlipidemia or chronic cerebral ischemia, in particular in rats with hyperlipidemia combined with chronic cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that hyperlipidemia aggravates chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neurological damage and cognitive impairment in the rat hippocampal CA1 region, which may be mediated, at least in part, by up-regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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24
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Li J, Kim K, Barazia A, Tseng A, Cho J. Platelet-neutrophil interactions under thromboinflammatory conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2627-43. [PMID: 25650236 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelets primarily mediate hemostasis and thrombosis, whereas leukocytes are responsible for immune responses. Since platelets interact with leukocytes at the site of vascular injury, thrombosis and vascular inflammation are closely intertwined and occur consecutively. Recent studies using real-time imaging technology demonstrated that platelet-neutrophil interactions on the activated endothelium are an important determinant of microvascular occlusion during thromboinflammatory disease in which inflammation is coupled to thrombosis. Although the major receptors and counter receptors have been identified, it remains poorly understood how heterotypic platelet-neutrophil interactions are regulated under disease conditions. This review discusses our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of platelet-neutrophil interactions in thromboinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, E403, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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25
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Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Chung KJ, Mitroulis I, Wiessner JR, Zheng YY, Siegert G, Sperandio M, Chavakis T. A novel pathway of rapid TLR-triggered activation of integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion that requires Rap1 GTPase. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2948-55. [PMID: 25057020 PMCID: PMC4230584 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR2 and TLR5 ligation directly induces β2-integrin activation, promoting cell adhesion to ICAM-1. Systemic in vivo administration of the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 increases integrin-dependent adhesion to endothelium within minutes. The signaling pathway linking TLR ligation with β2-integin activation involves Rac-1, NADPH oxidase 2, and Rap1-GTPase. Rapid β2-integrin activation is indispensable for leukocyte adhesion and recruitment to sites of infection and is mediated by chemokine- or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1–induced inside-out signaling. Here we uncovered a novel pathway for rapid activation of integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion, triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated signaling. TLR2 or TLR5 ligation rapidly activated integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion to immobilized ICAM-1 and fibronectin. Consistently, in vivo administration of the TLR2-ligand Pam3CSK4 increased integrin-dependent slow rolling and adhesion to endothelium within minutes, as identified by intravital microscopy in the cremaster model. TLR2 and TLR5 ligation increased β2-integrin affinity, as assessed by the detection of activation-dependent neoepitopes. TLR2- and TLR5-triggered integrin activation in leukocytes required enhanced Rap1 GTPase activity, which was mediated by Rac1 activation and NADPH oxidase-2–dependent reactive oxygen species production. This novel direct pathway linking initial pathogen recognition by TLRs to rapid β2-integrin activation may critically regulate acute leukocyte infiltration to sites of pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany Institute of Physiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes R Wiessner
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ying Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Gabriele Siegert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany Institute of Physiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
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Willenbrock F, Zicha D, Hoppe A, Hogg N. Novel automated tracking analysis of particles subjected to shear flow: kindlin-3 role in B cells. Biophys J 2014; 105:1110-22. [PMID: 24010654 PMCID: PMC3762340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear flow assays are used to mimic the influence of physiological shear force in diverse situations such as leukocyte rolling and arrest on the vasculature, capture of nanoparticles, and bacterial adhesion. Analysis of such assays usually involves manual counting, is labor-intensive, and is subject to bias. We have developed the Leukotrack program that incorporates a novel (to our knowledge) segmentation routine capable of reliable detection of cells in phase contrast images. The program also automatically tracks rolling cells in addition to those that are more firmly attached and migrating in random directions. We demonstrate its use in the analysis of lymphocyte arrest mediated by one or more active conformations of the integrin LFA-1. Activation of LFA-1 is a multistep process that depends on several proteins including kindlin-3, the protein that is mutated in leukocyte adhesion deficiency-III patients. We find that the very first stage of LFA-1-mediated attaching is unable to proceed in the absence of kindlin-3. Our evidence indicates that kindlin-3-mediated high-affinity LFA-1 controls both the early transient integrin-dependent adhesions in addition to the final stable adhesions made under flow conditions.
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Henry SJ, Crocker JC, Hammer DA. Ligand density elicits a phenotypic switch in human neutrophils. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:348-56. [PMID: 24480897 PMCID: PMC5850933 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40225h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are mediators of innate immunity and motility is critical to their function. We used microcontact printing to investigate the relationship between density of adhesive ligands and the dynamics of neutrophil motility. We show that neutrophils adopt a well-spread morphology without a uropod on moderate densities of adhesion ligand. As density is increased, the morphology switches to a classic amoeboid shape. In addition to the morphological differences, the dynamics of motility were quantitatively distinct. Well-spread cells without uropods glide slowly with high persistence, while amoeboid cells made frequent directional changes migrating quickly with low persistence. Using an antibody panel against various integrin chains, we show that adhesion and motility on fibronectin are mediated by MAC-1 (αMβ2). The phenotypic switch could be generalized to other surface ligands, such as bovine serum albumin, to which the promiscuous MAC-1 also binds. These results suggest that neutrophils are capable of displaying multiple modes of motility as dictated by their adhesive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Henry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1126-67. [PMID: 23991888 PMCID: PMC3929010 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2774] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that play an important role in the progression of inflammatory disorders. An enhanced ROS generation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) at the site of inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction and tissue injury. The vascular endothelium plays an important role in passage of macromolecules and inflammatory cells from the blood to tissue. Under the inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress produced by PMNs leads to the opening of inter-endothelial junctions and promotes the migration of inflammatory cells across the endothelial barrier. The migrated inflammatory cells not only help in the clearance of pathogens and foreign particles but also lead to tissue injury. The current review compiles the past and current research in the area of inflammation with particular emphasis on oxidative stress-mediated signaling mechanisms that are involved in inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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30
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Gorina R, Lyck R, Vestweber D, Engelhardt B. β2 integrin-mediated crawling on endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 is a prerequisite for transcellular neutrophil diapedesis across the inflamed blood-brain barrier. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:324-37. [PMID: 24259506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In acute neuroinflammatory states such as meningitis, neutrophils cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and contribute to pathological alterations of cerebral function. The mechanisms that govern neutrophil migration across the BBB are ill defined. Using live-cell imaging, we show that LPS-stimulated BBB endothelium supports neutrophil arrest, crawling, and diapedesis under physiological flow in vitro. Investigating the interactions of neutrophils from wild-type, CD11a(-/-), CD11b(-/-), and CD18(null) mice with wild-type, junctional adhesion molecule-A(-/-), ICAM-1(null), ICAM-2(-/-), or ICAM-1(null)/ICAM-2(-/-) primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells, we demonstrate that neutrophil arrest, polarization, and crawling required G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent activation of β2 integrins and binding to endothelial ICAM-1. LFA-1 was the prevailing ligand for endothelial ICAM-1 in mediating neutrophil shear resistant arrest, whereas Mac-1 was dominant over LFA-1 in mediating neutrophil polarization on the BBB in vitro. Neutrophil crawling was mediated by endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 and neutrophil LFA-1 and Mac-1. In the absence of crawling, few neutrophils maintained adhesive interactions with the BBB endothelium by remaining either stationary on endothelial junctions or displaying transient adhesive interactions characterized by a fast displacement on the endothelium along the direction of flow. Diapedesis of stationary neutrophils was unchanged by the lack of endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 and occurred exclusively via the paracellular pathway. Crawling neutrophils, although preferentially crossing the BBB through the endothelial junctions, could additionally breach the BBB via the transcellular route. Thus, β2 integrin-mediated neutrophil crawling on endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 is a prerequisite for transcellular neutrophil diapedesis across the inflamed BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Gorina
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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31
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How T cells trigger the dissociation of the endothelial receptor phosphatase VE-PTP from VE-cadherin. Blood 2013; 122:2512-22. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-499228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
The endothelial leukocyte receptor VCAM-1 triggers opening of endothelial junctions via dissociation of VE-PTP from VE-cadherin. VCAM-1 and VEGF signaling use a similar signaling pathway to trigger the dissociation of VE-PTP from VE-cadherin.
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Mast cell and macrophage chemokines CXCL1/CXCL2 control the early stage of neutrophil recruitment during tissue inflammation. Blood 2013; 121:4930-7. [PMID: 23645836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-486217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment is an important early step in controlling tissue infections or injury. Here, we report that this influx depends on both tissue-resident mast cells and macrophages. Mice with mast cell deficiency recruit reduced numbers of neutrophils in the first few hours of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, in mice with clodronate-ablated macrophages, neutrophils extravasate, but have limited ability to reach the peritoneal fluid. Tissue macrophages synthesize neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1/CXCL2 (CXC chemokine ligands 1/2) in response to LPS. Mast cells also produce these chemokines of which a proportion are preformed in granules. Release of the granules and new CXCL1/CXCL2 synthesis is Toll-like receptor 4-dependent. Both in vivo studies with blocking monoclonal antibodies and in vitro chemotaxis experiments show the neutrophil response to mast cells and macrophages to be CXCL1/CXCL2-dependent. The data are in keeping with the model that mast cells, optimally positioned in close proximity to the vasculature, initiate an early phase of neutrophil recruitment by releasing the chemoattractants CXCL1/CXCL2. Having arrived within the stimulated tissue, neutrophils penetrate further in a macrophage-dependent manner. Therefore, we demonstrate a positive role for mast cells in tissue inflammation and define how this comes about with contribution from a second tissue cell, the macrophage.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrin αvβ5 has been identified as a regulator of vascular leak and endothelial permeability. We hypothesized that targeting αvβ5 could represent a viable treatment strategy for sepsis. DESIGN Integrin β5 subunit knockout and wild-type 129/svJae mice and wild-type mice treated with αvβ5 blocking or control antibodies were tested in models of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell and human lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were treated with αvβ5 antibodies to assess for effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in transendothelial resistance and on patterns of cytoskeletal reorganization. SETTING Laboratory-based research. SUBJECTS Mice and endothelial cell monolayers. INTERVENTIONS, MEASUREMENTS, AND MAIN RESULTS Measurements taken after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and/or cecal ligation and puncture included mortality, vascular leak, hematocrit, quantification of a panel of serum cytokines/chemokines, and assessment of thioglyccolate-induced leukocyte migration. β5 knockout mice had decreased mortality after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture and decreased vascular leak, as measured by extravasation of an I-labeled intravascular tracer. Treating clinically ill mice with αvβ5 antibodies, up to 20 hrs after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture, also resulted in decreased mortality. αvβ5 antibodies attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced transendothelial resistance changes and cytoskeletal stress fiber formation in both human umbilical vein endothelial cell and human lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. αvβ5 antibodies had no effect on cytokine/chemokine serum levels after cecal ligation and puncture. β5 knockout mice and wild-type controls did not exhibit differences in thioglyccolate-induced leukocyte migration. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that αvβ5 is an important regulator of the vascular endothelial leak response in sepsis and that αvβ5 blockade may provide a novel approach to treating this devastating disease syndrome.
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Voisin MB, Nourshargh S. Neutrophil transmigration: emergence of an adhesive cascade within venular walls. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:336-47. [PMID: 23466407 DOI: 10.1159/000346659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils from the blood circulation to sites of infection or injury is a key innate immune response against invading pathogens and tissue injury. However, if inappropriately triggered, excessive and/or prolonged, this host defence response can also lead to severe pathological disorders. The migration of all leucocytes out of the vasculature is classically described by the leucocyte adhesion cascade that depicts a well-characterised sequence of cellular and molecular events within the vascular lumen. Recent findings have now illustrated that beyond the vascular lumen, the breaching of the venular wall can also involve an analogous cascade of adhesive events. For neutrophils this involves a tightly regulated and sequential series of responses within venular walls, initiating with adhesive steps that guide neutrophils through endothelial cells lining the venular wall, followed by responses that mediate and regulate their migration through the pericyte sheath and the venular basement membrane. The present review aims to provide a brief summary of novel additions to the classical adhesion cascade within the vascular lumen and then to discuss the emergence of a second adhesion cascade for neutrophils within venular walls, the latter illustrating the intricacies and complexities of neutrophil transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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35
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Schmidt S, Moser M, Sperandio M. The molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment and its deficiencies. Mol Immunol 2012; 55:49-58. [PMID: 23253941 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system responds to inflammation, infection and injury by recruiting neutrophils and other leukocytes. These cells are able to leave the intravascular compartment in a process called leukocyte recruitment. This process involves several distinct steps: selectin-mediated rolling, firm adhesion via integrins, postarrest modifications including adhesion strengthening and leukocyte crawling and finally transmigration into tissue. Genetic defects affecting the different steps of the cascade can result in severe impairment in leukocyte recruitment. So far, three leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LAD I-III) have been described in humans. These LADs are rare autosomal recessive inherited disorders and, although clinically distinct, exhibit several common features including recurrent bacterial infections and leukocytosis. In LAD-I, mutations within the β2-integrin gene result in a severe defect in β2 integrin-mediated firm leukocyte adhesion. Defects in the posttranslational fucosylation of selectin ligands dramatically reduce leukocyte rolling and lead to LAD-II. Finally, LAD-III, also known as LAD-I variant, is caused by impaired integrin activation due to mutations within the kindlin-3 gene. This review provides an overview on the molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion and its deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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36
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Hellvard A, Maresz K, Schilling S, Graubner S, Heiser U, Jonsson R, Cynis H, Demuth HU, Potempa J, Mydel P. Glutaminyl cyclases as novel targets for the treatment of septic arthritis. J Infect Dis 2012. [PMID: 23204180 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic arthritis is a severe and rapidly debilitating disease mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we assess the antiarthritic efficiency of glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors. METHODS Mice were inoculated with an arthritogenic amount of S. aureus intravenously or by local administration into the knee joint. Animals were treated with QC inhibitors (PBD155 and PQ529) via chow during the experiment. QC and isoQC knockout mice were also analyzed for arthritis symptoms after local administration of bacteria. RESULTS Both QC inhibitors significantly delayed the onset of clinical signs of arthritis, and inhibitors significantly decreased weight loss in treated animals. Following intraarticular injection of S. aureus, PBD155-treated mice had lower levels of synovitis and bone erosion, as well as less myeloperoxidase in synovial tissue. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that PBD155 treatment affected the expression pattern of adhesion molecules, preventing the upregulation of cells expressing CD11b/CD18. CONCLUSION The compounds investigated here represent a novel class of small molecular antiarthritic inhibitors. In our studies, they exerted strong antiinflammatory actions, and therefore they might be suited for disease-modifying treatment of infectious arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Hellvard
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Norway
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37
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Kondo N, Melikyan GB. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 promotes HIV-1 attachment but not fusion to target cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44827. [PMID: 22970312 PMCID: PMC3435301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) into HIV-1 particles is known to markedly enhance the virus binding and infection of cells expressing lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). At the same time, ICAM-1 has been reported to exert a less pronounced effect on HIV-1 fusion with lymphoid cells. Here we examined the role of ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions in productive HIV-1 entry into lymphoid cells using a direct virus-cell fusion assay. ICAM-1 promoted HIV-1 attachment to cells in a temperature-dependent manner. It exerted a marginal effect on virus binding in the cold, but enhanced binding up to 4-fold at physiological temperature. ICAM-1-independent attachment in the cold was readily reversible upon subsequent incubation at elevated temperature, whereas ICAM-1-bearing particles were largely retained by cells. The better virus retention resulted in a proportional increase in HIV-1 internalization and fusion, suggesting that ICAM-1 did not specifically accelerate endocytosis or fusion steps. We also measured the rates of CD4 engagement, productive endocytosis and HIV-endosome fusion using specific fusion inhibitors. These rates were virtually independent of the presence of ICAM-1 in viral particles. Importantly, irrespective of the presence of ICAM-1, HIV-1 escaped from the low temperature block, which stopped virus endocytosis and fusion, much later than from a membrane-impermeant fusion inhibitor targeting surface-accessible particles. This result, along with the complete inhibition of HIV-1 fusion by a small molecule dynamin inhibitor, implies this virus enters lymphoid cells used in this study via endocytosis and that this pathway is not altered by the viral ICAM-1. Our data highlight the role of ICAM-1 in stabilizing the HIV-1 attachment to LFA-1 expressing cells, which leads to a proportional enhancement of the receptor-mediated uptake and fusion with endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kondo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schwartz JT, Barker JH, Long ME, Kaufman J, McCracken J, Allen LAH. Natural IgM mediates complement-dependent uptake of Francisella tularensis by human neutrophils via complement receptors 1 and 3 in nonimmune serum. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3064-77. [PMID: 22888138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental step in the life cycle of Francisella tularensis is bacterial entry into host cells. F. tularensis activates complement, and recent data suggest that the classical pathway is required for complement factor C3 deposition on the bacterial surface. Nevertheless, C3 deposition is inefficient and neither the specific serum components necessary for classical pathway activation by F. tularensis in nonimmune human serum nor the receptors that mediate infection of neutrophils have been defined. In this study, human neutrophil uptake of GFP-expressing F. tularensis strains live vaccine strain and Schu S4 was quantified with high efficiency by flow cytometry. Using depleted sera and purified complement components, we demonstrated first that C1q and C3 were essential for F. tularensis phagocytosis, whereas C5 was not. Second, we used purification and immunodepletion approaches to identify a critical role for natural IgM in this process, and then used a wbtA2 mutant to identify LPS O-Ag and capsule as prominent targets of these Abs on the bacterial surface. Finally, we demonstrate using receptor-blocking Abs that CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) acted in concert for phagocytosis of opsonized F. tularensis by human neutrophils, whereas CR3 and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) mediated infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages. Altogether, our data provide fundamental insight into mechanisms of F. tularensis phagocytosis and support a model whereby natural IgM binds to surface capsular and O-Ag polysaccharides of F. tularensis and initiates the classical complement cascade via C1q to promote C3 opsonization of the bacterium and phagocytosis via CR3 and either CR1 or CR4 in a phagocyte-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Schwartz
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Li W, Nava RG, Bribriesco AC, Zinselmeyer BH, Spahn JH, Gelman AE, Krupnick AS, Miller MJ, Kreisel D. Intravital 2-photon imaging of leukocyte trafficking in beating heart. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2499-508. [PMID: 22706307 DOI: 10.1172/jci62970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-photon intravital microscopy has substantially broadened our understanding of tissue- and organ-specific differences in the regulation of inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the dynamic regulation of leukocyte recruitment into inflamed heart tissue, largely due to technical difficulties inherent in imaging moving tissue. Here, we report a method for imaging beating murine hearts using intravital 2-photon microscopy. Using this method, we visualized neutrophil trafficking at baseline and during inflammation. Ischemia reperfusion injury induced by transplantation or transient coronary artery ligation led to recruitment of neutrophils to the heart, their extravasation from coronary veins, and infiltration of the myocardium where they formed large clusters. Grafting hearts containing mutant ICAM-1, a ligand important for neutrophil recruitment, reduced the crawling velocities of neutrophils within vessels, and markedly inhibited their extravasation. Similar impairment was seen with the inhibition of Mac-1, a receptor for ICAM-1. Blockade of LFA-1, another ICAM-1 receptor, prevented neutrophil adherence to endothelium and extravasation in heart grafts. As inflammatory responses in the heart are of great relevance to public health, this imaging approach holds promise for studying cardiac-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment and identifying novel therapeutic targets for treating heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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40
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C-C motif chemokine CCL3 and canonical neutrophil attractants promote neutrophil extravasation through common and distinct mechanisms. Blood 2012; 120:880-90. [PMID: 22674804 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-402164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial observations suggested that C-C motif chemokines exclusively mediate chemotaxis of mononuclear cells. In addition, recent studies also implicated these chemotactic cytokines in the recruitment of neutrophils. The underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. Using in vivo microscopy on the mouse cremaster muscle, intravascular adherence and subsequent paracellular transmigration of neutrophils elicited by the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3, synonym MIP-1α) were significantly diminished in mice with a deficiency of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (Ccr1(-/-)) or 5 (Ccr5(-/-)). Using cell-transfer techniques, neutrophil responses required leukocyte CCR1 and nonleukocyte CCR5. Furthermore, neutrophil extravasation elicited by CCL3 was almost completely abolished on inhibition of G protein-receptor coupling and PI3Kγ-dependent signaling, while neutrophil recruitment induced by the canonical neutrophil attractants chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1, synonym KC) or the lipid mediator platetelet-activating factor (PAF) was only partially reduced. Moreover, Ab blockade of β(2) integrins, of α(4) integrins, or of their putative counter receptors ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 significantly attenuated CCL3-, CXCL1-, or PAF-elicited intravascular adherence and paracellular transmigration of neutrophils. These data indicate that the C-C motif chemokine CCL3 and canonical neutrophil attractants exhibit both common and distinct mechanisms for the regulation of intravascular adherence and transmigration of neutrophils.
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Polysaccharides from extracts of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and fruiting bodies modulate inflammatory mediator expression in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Nutrition 2012; 28:942-9. [PMID: 22541057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a traditional Chinese medicine, and the polysaccharides contained within AC (AC-PSs) are reported to possess various biological functions. This study extracted AC-PSs from mycelia and fruiting bodies and evaluated their influences on inflammatory mediator expressions in septic mice. METHODS There were one normal control (NC) and three experimental groups. The normal control group underwent a sham operation, whereas the experimental groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Mice in the experimental groups were further divided into saline, mycelia, and fruiting body treatment groups. Saline or AC-PSs were injected intraperitoneally twice at 0.5 and 1 h after CLP and the mice were sacrificed at 6 or 16 h after sepsis for further analysis. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in plasma and/or peritoneal lavage fluid in the septic mice dramatically increased after CLP. The increased levels of these inflammatory mediators in the two AC-PS-treated groups had decreased by 16 h after CLP. Messenger RNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the splenocytes were lower in the 2 AC-PS-treated groups than in the saline group. Consistent with the results, lung nuclear factor-κB expressions decreased and less severe interstitial inflammation was observed in the histologic finding after CLP in mice that had received AC-PSs. The fruiting body group had higher white blood cell counts and lower IL-6 levels in the peritoneal lavage fluid 6 h after CLP, whereas the interferon-γ level was higher 16 h after CLP than in the saline group. These alterations were not found in mice injected with the mycelia extract. CONCLUSION The administration of AC-PSs from mycelia or fruiting bodies decreased the inflammatory mediator expressions at the location of injury and in the circulation, especially in the late stage of sepsis. AC-PSs from fruiting bodies seemed to be more effective in decreasing the inflammatory response than those from mycelia. These findings suggest that AC-PSs from mycelia and fruiting bodies have potential protective effects against polymicrobial sepsis.
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Kitchens WH, Haridas D, Wagener ME, Song M, Kirk AD, Larsen CP, Ford ML. Integrin antagonists prevent costimulatory blockade-resistant transplant rejection by CD8(+) memory T cells. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:69-80. [PMID: 21942986 PMCID: PMC3467016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The success of belatacept in late-stage clinical trials inaugurates the arrival of a new class of immunosuppressants based on costimulatory blockade, an immunosuppression strategy that disrupts essential signals required for alloreactive T-cell activation. Despite having improved renal function, kidney transplant recipients treated with belatacept experienced increased rates of acute rejection. This finding has renewed focus on costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection and specifically the role of alloreactive memory T cells in mediating this resistance. To study the mechanisms of costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection and enhance the clinical efficacy of costimulatory blockade, we developed an experimental transplant system that models a donor-specific memory CD8(+) T-cell response. After confirming that graft-specific memory T cells mediate costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection, we characterized the role of integrins in this rejection. The resistance of memory T cells to costimulatory blockade was abrogated when costimulatory blockade was coupled with either anti-VLA-4 or anti-LFA-1. Mechanistic studies revealed that in the presence of costimulatory blockade, anti-VLA-4 impaired T-cell trafficking to the graft but not memory T-cell recall effector function, whereas anti-LFA-1 attenuated both trafficking and memory recall effector function. As antagonists against these integrins are clinically approved, these findings may have significant translational potential for future clinical transplant trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Haridas
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. E. Wagener
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. Song
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A. D. Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - C. P. Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. L. Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Corresponding Author: Mandy L. Ford Mailing Address: 101 Woodruff Circle, WMRB 5105; Atlanta, GA 30322 Phone: 404-727-2900 Fax: 404-727-3660
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Tsai PH, Yeh CL, Liu JJ, Chiu WC, Yeh SL. Effects of dietary glutamine on inflammatory mediator gene expressions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Nutrition 2011; 28:288-93. [PMID: 21996044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on gene expressions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines associated with T-helper cell type 17 (Th17) regulation in diabetic rats. METHODS There were one normal control group and two diabetic groups in this study. Rats in the normal control group were fed a regular chow diet. One diabetic group (DM) was fed a common semipurified diet, and the other diabetic group received a diet in which part of the casein was replaced by Gln (DM-Gln), which provided 25% of the total amino acid nitrogen for 8 wk. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide followed by streptozotocin. Rats with blood glucose levels exceeding 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Blood samples and blood mononuclear cells of the animals were collected at the end of the study for further analysis. RESULTS Gene expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-17A did not differ in blood mononuclear cells among the three groups. Expressions of interleukin-6, interleukin-23, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the receptor of the advanced glycated endproducts gene were higher in blood mononuclear cells and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was lower in erythrocytes in the DM group than in the normal control group. Messenger RNA expressions of these genes were lower, whereas the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was higher in the DM-Gln group than in the DM group. CONCLUSION Supplemental dietary Gln increased the antioxidant potential and downregulated the expressions of inflammatory mediators. However, Th17 might not be an important involved pathway and the regulatory effect of Gln on Th17 immune response was not obvious in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Progenitor cells mobilized from the bone marrow are recruited to ischemic tissues and increase neovascularization. Cell therapy is a promising new therapeutic option for treating patients with ischemic disorders. The efficiency of cell therapy to augment recovery after ischemia depends on the sufficient recruitment and engraftment of the cells to the target tissue. Homing to sites of active neovascularization is a complex process depending on a timely and spatially orchestrated interplay between chemokines, chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules (selectins and integrins), and intracellular signaling cascades, including also oxidative signaling. This review will focus on the homing mechanisms of progenitor and stem cells to ischemic tissues. Specifically, we discuss the role of chemokines and adhesion molecules such as selectins and integrins and the crosstalk between chemokines and integrins in progenitor cell homing.
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Kadioglu A, De Filippo K, Bangert M, Fernandes VE, Richards L, Jones K, Andrew PW, Hogg N. The integrins Mac-1 and alpha4beta1 perform crucial roles in neutrophil and T cell recruitment to lungs during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5907-15. [PMID: 21460207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and T cells play an important role in host protection against pulmonary infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the role of the integrins in recruitment of these cells to infected lungs is not well understood. In this study we used the twin approaches of mAb blockade and gene-deficient mice to investigate the relative impact of specific integrins on cellular recruitment and bacterial loads following pneumococcal infection. We find that both Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and α(4)β(1) (CD49d/CD29) integrins, but surprisingly not LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), contribute to two aspects of the response. In terms of recruitment from the circulation into lungs, neutrophils depend on Mac-1 and α(4)β(1), whereas the T cells are entirely dependent on α(4)β(1). Second, immunohistochemistry results indicate that adhesion also plays a role within infected lung tissue itself. There is widespread expression of ICAM-1 within lung tissue. Use of ICAM-1(-/-) mice revealed that neutrophils make use of this Mac-1 ligand, not for lung entry or for migration within lung tissue, but for combating the pneumococcal infection. In contrast to ICAM-1, there is restricted and constitutive expression of the α(4)β(1) ligand, VCAM-1, on the bronchioles, allowing direct access of the leukocytes to the airways via this integrin at an early stage of pneumococcal infection. Therefore, integrins Mac-1 and α(4)β(1) have a pivotal role in prevention of pneumococcal outgrowth during disease both in regulating neutrophil and T cell recruitment into infected lungs and by influencing their behavior within the lung tissue itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Kadioglu
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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Sumagin R, Prizant H, Lomakina E, Waugh RE, Sarelius IH. LFA-1 and Mac-1 define characteristically different intralumenal crawling and emigration patterns for monocytes and neutrophils in situ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:7057-66. [PMID: 21037096 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To exit blood vessels, most (∼80%) of the lumenally adhered monocytes and neutrophils crawl toward locations that support transmigration. Using intravital confocal microscopy of anesthetized mouse cremaster muscle, we separately examined the crawling and emigration patterns of monocytes and neutrophils in blood-perfused unstimulated or TNF-α-activated venules. Most of the interacting cells in microvessels are neutrophils; however, in unstimulated venules, a greater percentage of the total monocyte population is adherent compared with neutrophils (58.2 ± 6.1% versus 13.6 ± 0.9%, adhered/total interacting), and they crawl for significantly longer distances (147.3 ± 13.4 versus 61.8 ± 5.4 μm). Intriguingly, after TNF-α activation, monocytes crawled for significantly shorter distances (67.4 ± 9.6 μm), resembling neutrophil crawling. Using function-blocking Abs, we show that these different crawling patterns were due to CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)- versus CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-mediated crawling. Blockade of either Mac-1 or LFA-1 revealed that both LFA-1 and Mac-1 contribute to monocyte crawling; however, the LFA-1-dependent crawling in unstimulated venules becomes Mac-1 dependent upon inflammation, likely due to increased expression of Mac-1. Mac-1 alone was responsible for neutrophil crawling in both unstimulated and TNF-α-activated venules. Consistent with the role of Mac-1 in crawling, Mac-1 block (compared with LFA-1) was also significantly more efficient in blocking TNF-α-induced extravasation of both monocytes and neutrophils in cremaster tissue and the peritoneal cavity. Thus, mechanisms underlying leukocyte crawling are important in regulating the inflammatory responses by regulating the numbers of leukocytes that transmigrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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RAGE and ICAM-1 cooperate in mediating leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation in vivo. Blood 2010; 116:841-9. [PMID: 20407037 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-244293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) contributes to the inflammatory response in many acute and chronic diseases. In this context, RAGE has been identified as a ligand for the beta(2)-integrin Mac-1 under static in vitro conditions. Because intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 also binds beta(2)-integrins, we studied RAGE(-/-), Icam1(-/-), and RAGE(-/-) Icam1(-/-) mice to define the relative contribution of each ligand for leukocyte adhesion in vivo. We show that trauma-induced leukocyte adhesion in cremaster muscle venules is strongly dependent on RAGE and ICAM-1 acting together in an overlapping fashion. Additional in vivo experiments in chimeric mice lacking endothelium-expressed RAGE and ICAM-1 located the adhesion defect to the endothelial compartment. Using microflow chambers coated with P-selectin, CXCL1, and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) demonstrated that sRAGE supports leukocyte adhesion under flow conditions in a Mac-1- but not LFA-1-dependent fashion. A static adhesion assay revealed that wild-type and RAGE(-/-) neutrophil adhesion and spreading were similar on immobilized sRAGE or fibrinogen. These observations indicate a crucial role of endothelium-expressed RAGE as Mac-1 ligand and uncover RAGE and ICAM-1 as a new set of functionally linked adhesion molecules, which closely cooperate in mediating leukocyte adhesion during the acute trauma-induced inflammatory response in vivo.
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Kum WWS, Lo BC, Deng W, Ziltener HJ, Finlay BB. Impaired innate immune response and enhanced pathology during Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice lacking functional P-selectin. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:1250-71. [PMID: 20345490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selectin family of adhesion molecules mediates recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation which is critical for host resistance against infection. To characterize the role of selectins in host defence against Citrobacter rodentium infection, wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), P-, E- and L-selectin were infected using a Citrobacter-induced colitis model. Infected mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin showed a more pronounced morbidity associated with higher bacterial load, elevated IL-12 p70, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, MCP-1 and IL-6 production, more severe inflammation and surprisingly higher leucocyte infiltration in the guts than WT control. Recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and caecal inflammation were drastically reduced in infected P-selectin knockout mice receiving blocking monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 or LFA-1, indicating that these adhesion molecules may compensate for the loss of selectins in leucocyte recruitment. Furthermore, the adaptive immune response in mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin remained functional since these infected mice were capable of eradicating the bacteria and being protected upon re-challenge with C. rodentium. These data demonstrate a definitive phenotypic impairment of innate response in mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin, and suggest that these adhesion molecules are important in host innate immune response against Citrobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W S Kum
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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E-selectin engages PSGL-1 and CD44 through a common signaling pathway to induce integrin alphaLbeta2-mediated slow leukocyte rolling. Blood 2010; 116:485-94. [PMID: 20299514 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-259556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflamed venules, neutrophils rolling on E-selectin induce integrin alpha(L)beta(2)-dependent slow rolling on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by activating Src family kinases (SFKs), DAP12 and Fc receptor-gamma (FcRgamma), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and p38. E-selectin signaling cooperates with chemokine signaling to recruit neutrophils into tissues. Previous studies identified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as the essential E-selectin ligand and Fgr as the only SFK that initiate signaling to slow rolling. In contrast, we found that E-selectin engagement of PSGL-1 or CD44 triggered slow rolling through a common, lipid raft-dependent pathway that used the SFKs Hck and Lyn as well as Fgr. We identified the Tec kinase Bruton tyrosine kinase as a key signaling intermediate between Syk and p38. E-selectin engagement of PSGL-1 was dependent on its cytoplasmic domain to activate SFKs and slow rolling. Although recruiting phosphoinositide-3-kinase to the PSGL-1 cytoplasmic domain was reported to activate integrins, E-selectin-mediated slow rolling did not require phosphoinositide-3-kinase. Studies in mice confirmed the physiologic significance of these events for neutrophil slow rolling and recruitment during inflammation. Thus, E-selectin triggers common signals through distinct neutrophil glycoproteins to induce alpha(L)beta(2)-dependent slow rolling.
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Lomakina EB, Waugh RE. Adhesion between human neutrophils and immobilized endothelial ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule 1: divalent ion effects. Biophys J 2010; 96:276-84. [PMID: 19134480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion of circulating neutrophils to endothelium during inflammation involves multiple adhesion molecules on both neutrophils and endothelium. Most studies of neutrophil adhesion have focused on adhesion to ICAM-1 (mediated by beta(2) integrins), but interaction with the endothelial ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) may also play a role in neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium. In this study we demonstrate significant adhesion between neutrophils and VCAM-1 mediated by beta(1) integrins, principally via alpha(4)beta(1) (VLA-4). We characterize the dynamics of adhesion in terms of rate constants for a two-step bond formation process, the first involving juxtaposition of active molecules with substrate and the second involving bond formation. The results indicate that the first step is rate limiting for VLA-4-VCAM-1 interactions. Changing divalent cation composition affects these coefficients, implicating molecular conformational changes as a key step in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Lomakina
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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