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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. The yeast-human coevolution: Fungal transition from passengers, colonizers, and invaders. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1639. [PMID: 38146626 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are the cause of more than a billion infections in humans every year, although their interactions with the host are still neglected compared to bacteria. Major systemic fungal infections are very unusual in the healthy population, due to the long history of coevolution with the human host. Humans are routinely exposed to environmental fungi and can host a commensal mycobiota, which is increasingly considered as a key player in health and disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on host-fungi coevolution and the factors that regulate their interaction. On one hand, fungi have learned to survive and inhabit the host organisms as a natural ecosystem, on the other hand, the host immune system finely tunes the response toward fungi. In turn, recognition of fungi as commensals or pathogens regulates the host immune balance in health and disease. In the human gut ecosystem, yeasts provide a fingerprint of the transient microbiota. Their status as passengers or colonizers is related to the integrity of the gut barrier and the risk of multiple disorders. Thus, the study of this less known component of the microbiota could unravel the rules of the transition from passengers to colonizers and invaders, as well as their dependence on the innate component of the host's immune response. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Kajdaniuk D, Hudy D, Strzelczyk JK, Młynarek K, Słomian S, Potyka A, Szymonik E, Strzelczyk J, Foltyn W, Kos-Kudła B, Marek B. Transforming growth factors β and their signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma and peritumoral space-transcriptome analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1229-1239. [PMID: 38085441 PMCID: PMC11026247 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses: Are transforming growth factors TGFβ1-3, their receptors TGFβI-III, and intracellular messenger proteins Smad1-7 involved in the pathogenesis of kidney cancer? What is the expression of genes of the TGFβ/Smads pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues, peritumoral tissues (TME; tumor microenvironment), and in normal kidney (NK) tissue?. METHODS Twenty patients with RCC who underwent total nephrectomy were included into the molecular analysis. The mRNA expression of the genes was quantified by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The study showed that the expression of the genes of TGFβ/Smads pathway is dysregulated in both RCC and the TME: TGFβ1, TGFβ3 expression is increased in the TME in comparison to the NK tissues; TGFβ2, TGFβ3, TGFβRI, TGFβRIII, Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad6 are underexpressed in RCC comparing to the TME tissues; TGFβRI, TGFβRIII, and Smad2 are underexpressed in RCC in comparison to the NK tissues. CONCLUSION On the one hand, the underexpression of the TGFβ signaling pathway genes within the malignant tumor may result in the loss of the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of this cytokine. On the other hand, the overexpression of the TGFβ/Smads pathway genes in the TME than in tumor or NK tissues most probably results in an immunosuppressive effect in the space surrounding the tumor and may have an antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on non-neoplastic cells present in the TME. The functional and morphological consistency of this area may determine the aggressiveness of the tumor and the time in which the neoplastic process will spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kajdaniuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 19, Zabrze, 41-808, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Młynarek
- Department of Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital No. 3, Rybnik, Poland
| | - Szymon Słomian
- Department of Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital No. 3, Rybnik, Poland
| | - Andrzej Potyka
- Department of Urology, Regional Specialist Hospital No. 3, Rybnik, Poland
| | - Ewa Szymonik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God Hospital in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janusz Strzelczyk
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wanda Foltyn
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogdan Marek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 19, Zabrze, 41-808, Katowice, Poland
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Kajdaniuk D, Foltyn W, Morawiec-Szymonik E, Czuba Z, Szymonik E, Kos-Kudła B, Marek B. Th17 cytokines and factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia. Immunol Res 2023; 71:873-882. [PMID: 37269464 PMCID: PMC10667422 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of specific cytokines produced by T cell subsets (such as Th1, Th2, and newly discovered Th17, Treg, Tfh, or Th22) are diverse, depending on interactions with other cytokines, distinct signaling pathways, phase of the disease, or etiological factor. The immunity equilibrium of the immune cells, such as the Th1/Th2, the Th17/Treg, and the Th17/Th1 balance is necessary for the maintenance of the immune homeostasis. If the balance of the T cells subsets is damaged, the autoimmune response becomes enhanced which leads to autoimmune diseases. Indeed, both the Th1/Th2 and the Th17/Treg dichotomies are involved in the pathomechanism of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the cytokines of Th17 lymphocytes as well as the factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia. The magnetic bead-based immunoassays used (Bio-Plex) allow simultaneous detection of multiple immune mediators from one serum sample. In our study, we showed that patients suffering from pernicious anemia develop the Th1/Th2 imbalance with a quantitative advantage of cytokines participating in Th1-related immune response, the Th17/Treg imbalance with a quantitative advantage of cytokines participating in Treg-related response, as well as the Th17/Th1 imbalance with a quantitative predominance of cytokines participating in Th1-related immune response. Our study results indicate that T lymphocytes and their specific cytokines play an role in the course of pernicious anemia. The observed changes may indicate the immune response to pernicious anemia or be an element of the pernicious anemia pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kajdaniuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wanda Foltyn
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Morawiec-Szymonik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Andrzej Mielęcki Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Szymonik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stanislaw Szyszko Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogdan Marek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, H. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
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Laudisi F, Stolfi C, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. TGF-β1 signaling and Smad7 control T-cell responses in health and immune-mediated disorders. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350460. [PMID: 37611637 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is produced by many immune and nonimmune cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the control of T-cell differentiation and function. Consistently, loss of TGF-β1 function is associated with exacerbated T-cell-dependent inflammatory responses that culminate in pathological processes in allergic and immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we highlight the roles of TGF-β1 in immunity, focusing mainly on its ability to promote differentiation of regulatory T cells, T helper (Th)-17, and Th9 cells, thus contributing to amplifying or restricting T-cell responses in health and human diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and MS). In addition, we discuss the involvement of Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, in immune-mediated disorders (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, MS, and inflammatory bowel diseases), as well as the discordant results of clinical trials with mongersen, an oral pharmaceutical compound containing a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide, in patients with Crohn's disease. Further work is needed to ascertain the reasons for such a discrepancy as well as to identify better candidates for treatment with Smad7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Salehi N, Nourbakhsh M, Noori S, Rezaeizadeh H, Zarghi A. Tehranolid and Artemisinin Effects on Ameliorating Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating Inflammation and Remyelination. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5975-5986. [PMID: 37391648 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Artemisinin (ART) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bond that is well-known for its anti-inflammatory effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS. Tehranolide (TEH) is a novel compound with structural similarity to ART. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorating effect of TEH on EAE development by targeting proteins and genes involved in this process and compare its effects with ART. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55. Twelve days post-immunization, mice were treated with 0.28 mg/kg/day TEH and 2.8 mg/kg/day ART for 18 consecutive days, and the clinical score was measured daily. The levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed in mice serum and splenocytes by ELISA. We also evaluated the mRNA expression level of cytokines, as well as genes involved in T cell differentiation and myelination in the spinal cord tissue by qRT-PCR. Administration of TEH and ART significantly alleviated EAE signs. A significant reduction in IL-6 and IL-17 secretion and IL-17 and IL-1 gene expression in spinal cord were observed in the TEH-treated group. ART had similar or less significant effects. Moreover, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 genes were stimulated by ART and TEH in the spinal cord, while the treatments did not affect IFN-γ expression. Both treatments dramatically increased the expression of FOXP3, GATA3, MBP, and AXL. Additionally, the T-bet gene was reduced after TEH administration. The compounds made no changes in RORγt, nestin, Gas6, Tyro3, and Mertk mRNA expression levels in the spinal cord. The study revealed that both TEH and ART can effectively modulate the genes responsible for inflammation and myelination that play a crucial role in EAE. Interestingly, TEH demonstrated a greater potency compared to ART and hence may have the potential to be evaluated in interventions for the management of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Wang J, Zhao X, Wan YY. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1002-1022. [PMID: 37217798 PMCID: PMC10468540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt distinct functions to maintain tolerance and clear pathogens. Dysregulation of Th cell function often leads to maladies, including autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, and infection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are critical Th cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. It is therefore critical to understand how Treg and Th17 cells are regulated in health and disease. Cytokines are instrumental in directing Treg and Th17 cell function. The evolutionarily conserved TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) cytokine superfamily is of particular interest because it is central to the biology of both Treg cells that are predominantly immunosuppressive and Th17 cells that can be proinflammatory, pathogenic, and immune regulatory. How TGF-β superfamily members and their intricate signaling pathways regulate Treg and Th17 cell function is a question that has been intensely investigated for two decades. Here, we introduce the fundamental biology of TGF-β superfamily signaling, Treg cells, and Th17 cells and discuss in detail how the TGF-β superfamily contributes to Treg and Th17 cell biology through complex yet ordered and cooperative signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Perucho L, Icardi L, Di Simone E, Basso V, Agresti A, Vilas Zornoza A, Lozano T, Prosper F, Lasarte JJ, Mondino A. The transcriptional regulator Sin3A balances IL-17A and Foxp3 expression in primary CD4 T cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55326. [PMID: 36929576 PMCID: PMC10157306 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sin3 transcriptional regulator homolog A (Sin3A) is the core member of a multiprotein chromatin-modifying complex. Its inactivation at the CD4/CD8 double-negative stage halts further thymocyte development. Among various functions, Sin3A regulates STAT3 transcriptional activity, central to the differentiation of Th17 cells active in inflammatory disorders and opportunistic infections. To further investigate the consequences of conditional Sin3A inactivation in more mature precursors and post-thymic T cell, we have generated CD4-Cre and CD4-CreERT2 Sin3AF/F mice. Sin3A inactivation in vivo hinders both thymocyte development and peripheral T-cell survival. In vitro, in Th17 skewing conditions, Sin3A-deficient cells proliferate and acquire memory markers and yet fail to properly upregulate Il17a, Il23r, and Il22. Instead, IL-2+ and FOXP3+ are mostly enriched for, and their inhibition partially rescues IL-17A+ T cells. Notably, Sin3A deletion also causes an enrichment of genes implicated in the mTORC1 signaling pathway, overt STAT3 activation, and aberrant cytoplasmic RORγt accumulation. Thus, together our data unveil a previously unappreciated role for Sin3A in shaping critical signaling events central to the acquisition of immunoregulatory T-cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perucho
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Icardi
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Simone
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Basso
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Agresti
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Amaia Vilas Zornoza
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CCUN, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CCUN, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CCUN, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CCUN, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Zhang G, Zhu X, Yang F, Li J, Leng X, Mo C, Li L, Wang Y. Pseudolycorine chloride ameliorates Th17 cell-mediated central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:899-908. [PMID: 36082828 PMCID: PMC9467541 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2063344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The alkaloids of Narcissus tazetta L. var. Chinensis Roem (Amaryllidaceae) have antitumor and antiviral activities. However, the immunopharmacological effects of one of its constituents, pseudolycorine chloride (PLY), have not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of PLY on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expansion and differentiation into monocyte-like MDSCs (M-MDSCs) and examined whether PLY alleviates Th17 cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, MDSCs were treated with PLY (0.67, 2 and 6 μM) or solcitinib (10 μM, positive control) for 48 or 96 h, and their proliferation, expansion, and differentiation into M-MDSCs were examined by flow cytometry. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) was used to induce EAE in female C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were treated with 40 mg/kg/d PLY or 1 mg/kg/d FK-506 (tacrolimus, positive control) for 21 days. Inflammatory infiltration, spinal cord demyelination, and MDSCs and Th17 cells infiltration into the spinal cord were examined using haematoxylin and eosin staining, Luxol fast blue staining, and immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS In vitro, PLY (IC50/24 h = 6.18 μM) significantly inhibited IL-6 and GM-CSF-induced MDSCs proliferation, expansion and differentiation into M-MDSCs at all concentrations used. However, these concentrations did not show cytotoxicity. In mice, PLY (40 mg/kg) treatment alleviated EAE and inhibited inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and MDSCs and Th17 cells infiltration into the spinal cord. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS PLY may be an excellent candidate for the treatment of MS and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Leng
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Limei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Cbl-b restrains priming of pathogenic Th17 cells via the inhibition of IL-6 production by macrophages. iScience 2022; 25:105151. [PMID: 36185364 PMCID: PMC9523381 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is involved in the maintenance of a balance between immunity and tolerance. Mice lacking Cbl-b are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th17-mediated autoimmune disease. However, how Cbl-b regulates Th17 cell responses remains unclear. In this study, utilizing adoptive transfer and cell type-specific Cblb knockout strains, we show that Cbl-b expression in macrophages, but not T cells or dendritic cells (DCs), restrains the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of EAE. Cbl-b inhibits IL-6 production by macrophages that is induced by signaling from CARD9-dependent C-type lectin receptor (CLR) pathways, which directs T cells to generate pathogenic Th17 cells. Therefore, our data unveil a previously unappreciated function for Cbl-b in the regulation of pathogenic Th17 responses. E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b inhibits EAE disease progression Cbl-b dampens pathogenic Th17 response via inhibiting macrophage-derived IL-6 Cbl-b controls macrophage-derived IL-6 via a CARD9-dependent manner
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10
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Kotschenreuther K, Yan S, Kofler DM. Migration and homeostasis of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947636. [PMID: 36016949 PMCID: PMC9398455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are garnering increased attention in research related to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by restricting effector T cell activity. Reduced functions and frequencies of Treg cells contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, a common autoimmune disease which leads to systemic inflammation and erosive joint destruction. Treg cells from patients with RA are characterized by impaired functions and by an altered phenotype. They show increased plasticity towards Th17 cells and a reduced suppressive capacity. Besides the suppressive function of Treg cells, their effectiveness is determined by their ability to migrate into inflamed tissues. In the past years, new mechanisms involved in Treg cell migration have been identified. One example of such a mechanism is the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Efficient migration of Treg cells requires the presence of VASP. IL-6, a cytokine which is abundantly present in the peripheral blood and in the synovial tissue of RA patients, induces posttranslational modifications of VASP. Recently, it has been shown in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that this IL-6 mediated posttranslational modification leads to reduced Treg cell trafficking. Another protein which facilitates Treg cell migration is G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2). It modulates G-protein coupled receptor functioning, thereby altering the cellular activity initiated by cell surface receptors in response to extracellular signals. The almost complete lack of GPSM2 in Treg cells from RA patients contributes to their reduced ability to migrate towards inflammatory sites. In this review article, we highlight the newly identified mechanisms of Treg cell migration and review the current knowledge about impaired Treg cell homeostasis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kotschenreuther
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuaifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David M. Kofler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: David M. Kofler,
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11
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Li H, Boulougoura A, Endo Y, Tsokos GC. Abnormalities of T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102870. [PMID: 35872102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance and sustained production of autoantibodies. Multiple and profound T cell abnormalities in SLE are intertwined with disease expression. Both numerical and functional disturbances have been reported in main CD4+ T helper cell subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory, and follicular helper cells. SLE CD4+ T cells are known to provide help to B cells, produce excessive IL-17 but insufficient IL-2, and infiltrate tissues. In the absence of sufficient amounts of IL-2, regulatory T cells, do not function properly to constrain inflammation. A complicated series of early signaling defects and aberrant activation of kinases and phosphatases result in complex cell phenotypes by altering the metabolic profile and the epigenetic landscape. All main metabolic pathways including glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are altered in T cells from lupus prone mice and patients with SLE. SLE CD8+ cytotoxic T cells display reduced cytolytic activity which accounts for higher rates of infection and the sustenance of autoimmunity. Further, CD8+ T cells in the context of rheumatic diseases lose the expression of CD8, acquire IL-17+CD4-CD8- double negative T (DNT) cell phenotype and infiltrate tissues. Herein we present an update on these T cell abnormalities along with underlying mechanisms and discuss how these advances can be exploited therapeutically. Novel strategies to correct these aberrations in T cells show promise for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Afroditi Boulougoura
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Assadiasl S, Toosi MN, Mohebbi B, Ansaripour B, Soleimanifar N, Sadr M, Mojtahedi H, Mosharmovahed B, Fazeli F, Nicknam MH. Th17/Treg cell balance in stable liver transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Li QQ, Zhang HH, Dai SX. New Insights and Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:714054. [PMID: 35299671 PMCID: PMC8921506 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.714054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is characterized by multifactorial chronic recurrent intestinal inflammation. Compared with elderly patients, those with VEO-IBD have a more serious condition, not responsive to conventional treatments, with a poor prognosis. Recent studies found that genetic and immunologic abnormalities are closely related to VEO-IBD. Intestinal immune homeostasis monogenic defects (IIHMDs) are changed through various mechanisms. Recent studies have also revealed that abnormalities in genes and immune molecular mechanisms are closely related to VEO-IBD. IIHMDs change through various mechanisms. Epigenetic factors can mediate the interaction between the environment and genome, and genetic factors and immune molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of the environment and gut microbiota. These discoveries will provide new directions and ideas for the treatment of VEO-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hong Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Interaction of aging with lipoxygenase deficiency initiates hypersplenism, cardiac dysfunction, and profound leukocyte directed non-resolving inflammation. GeroScience 2021; 44:1689-1702. [PMID: 34932185 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of physiological cardiac repair, splenic leukocyte-activated lipoxygenases (LOXs) are essential for the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators as a segment of an active process of acute inflammation in splenocardiac manner. In contrast, young 12/15LOX-/- mice use a compensatory mechanism that amplifies epoxyeicosatrienoic acid mediators after myocardial infarction, improving cardiac repair, function, and survival. Next, we tested whether deletion of 12/15LOX impacted the genesis of chronic inflammation in progressive aging. To test the risk factor of aging, we used the inter-organ hypothesis and assessed heart and spleen leukocyte population along with the number of inflammation markers in age-related 12/15LOX-/- aging mice (2 months, 6 months, 13 months) and compared with C57BL/6 J (WT; wild type) as controls (2 months). The 12/15LOX-/- aging mice showed an age-related increase in spleen mass (hypersplenism) and decreased marginal zone area. Results suggest increased interstitial fibrosis in the heart marked with the inflammatory mediator (PGD2) level in 12/15LOX-/- aging mice than WT controls. From a cellular perspective, the quantitative measurement of immune cells indicates that heart and spleen leukocytes (CD11b+ and F4/80+ population) were reduced in 12/15LOX-/- aging mice than WT controls. At the molecular level, analyses of cytokines in the heart and spleen suggest amplified IFN-γ, with reduced COX-1, COX-2, and ALOX5 expression in the absence of 12/15LOX-derived mediators in the spleen. Thus, aging of 12/15LOX-/- mice increased spleen mass and altered spleen and heart structure with activation of multiple molecular and cellular pathways contributing to age-related integrative and inter-organ inflammation.
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15
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Gu Y, Zhou H, Yu H, Yang W, Wang B, Qian F, Cheng Y, He S, Zhao X, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Jin M, Lu E. miR-99a regulates CD4 + T cell differentiation and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by mTOR-mediated glycolysis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1173-1185. [PMID: 34820151 PMCID: PMC8598972 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple microRNAs exhibit diverse functions to regulate inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. MicroRNA-99a (miR-99a) has been shown to be involved in adipose tissue inflammation and to be downregulated in the inflammatory lesions of autoimmune diseases rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we found that miR-99a was downregulated in CD4+ T cells from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Overexpression of miR-99a alleviated EAE development by promoting regulator T cells and inhibiting T helper type 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. Bioinformatics and functional analyses further revealed that the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-99a was attributable to its role in negatively regulating glycolysis reprogramming of CD4+ T cells by targeting the mTOR pathway. Additionally, miR-99a expression was induced by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to regulate CD4+ T cell glycolysis and differentiation. Taken together, our results characterize a pivotal role of miR-99a in regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation and glycolysis reprogramming during EAE development, which may indicate that miR-99a is a promising therapeutic target for the amelioration of multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongshuang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fengtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiji Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shan He
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Linqiao Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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16
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Xu H, Wu L, Nguyen HH, Mesa KR, Raghavan V, Episkopou V, Littman DR. Arkadia-SKI/SnoN signaling differentially regulates TGF-β-induced iTreg and Th17 cell differentiation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212614. [PMID: 34473197 PMCID: PMC8421263 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling is fundamental for both Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation. However, these cells differ in requirements for downstream signaling components, such as SMAD effectors. To further characterize mechanisms that distinguish TGF-β signaling requirements for Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, we investigated the role of Arkadia (RNF111), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates TGF-β signaling during development. Inactivation of Arkadia in CD4+ T cells resulted in impaired Treg cell differentiation in vitro and loss of RORγt+FOXP3+ iTreg cells in the intestinal lamina propria, which increased susceptibility to microbiota-induced mucosal inflammation. In contrast, Arkadia was dispensable for Th17 cell responses. Furthermore, genetic ablation of two Arkadia substrates, the transcriptional corepressors SKI and SnoN, rescued Arkadia-deficient iTreg cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal distinct TGF-β signaling modules governing Th17 and iTreg cell differentiation programs that could be targeted to selectively modulate T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lin Wu
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Henry H Nguyen
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kailin R Mesa
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Varsha Raghavan
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
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17
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Regulation of autoreactive CD4 T cells by FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577675. [PMID: 34403862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myelin-specific CD4 T effector cells (Teffs), Th1 and Th17 cells, are encephalitogenic in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-defined murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated in MS pathogenesis. Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is a conserved effector molecule in PI3K/Akt signaling and critical in the differentiation of CD4 T cells into T helper subsets. However, it is unclear whether FoxO1 may be a target for redirecting CD4 T cell differentiation and benefit CNS autoimmunity. Using a selective FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856, we show that inhibition of FoxO1 suppressed the differentiation and expansion of Th1 cells. The transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into encephalitogenic Th1-like cells was suppressed by FoxO1 inhibition upon reactivation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells from EAE mice. The transcriptional balance skewed from the Th1 transcription factor T-bet toward the Treg transcription factor Foxp3. Myelin-specific CD4 T cells treated with the FoxO1 inhibitor were less encephalitogenic in adoptive transfer EAE studies. Inhibition of FoxO1 in T cells from MS patients significantly suppressed the expansion of Th1 cells. Furthermore, FoxO1 inhibition with AS1842856 promoted the development of functional iTreg cells. The immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-induced Foxp3 expression in CD4 T cells was impaired by FoxO1 inhibition. These data illustrate an important role of FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity via regulating autoreactive Teff and Treg balance.
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18
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TGF-β Signaling: From Tissue Fibrosis to Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147575. [PMID: 34299192 PMCID: PMC8303588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling triggers diverse biological actions in inflammatory diseases. In tissue fibrosis, it acts as a key pathogenic regulator for promoting immunoregulation via controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes. In cancer, it plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment (TME) for accelerating invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Increasing evidence suggest a pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling as a critical pathway for generating fibrotic TME, which contains numerous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix proteins, and remodeling enzymes. Its pathogenic roles and working mechanisms in tumorigenesis are still largely unclear. Importantly, recent studies successfully demonstrated the clinical implications of fibrotic TME in cancer. This review systematically summarized the latest updates and discoveries of TGF-β signaling in the fibrotic TME.
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19
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Pu J, Xu J, Chen L, Zhou H, Cao W, Hao B, Li N, Wu J, Zheng J, Hong W, Li B, Ran P. Exposure to biomass smoke induces pulmonary Th17 cell differentiation by activating TLR2 on dendritic cells in a COPD rat model. Toxicol Lett 2021; 348:28-39. [PMID: 34058311 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost three billion people in developing countries are exposed to biomass smoke (BS), which predisposes them to developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is associated with abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses in the lungs and systemic circulation, but the mechanisms underlying BS-COPD development are uncertain. We investigated the role of dendritic cells (DCs) and interleukin (IL)-17A in BS-COPD. We investigated T helper cell responses in the BS-exposed COPD rat model by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We conducted ex vivo experiments to determine which antigen-presenting cells induce Th17 cell responses. We evaluated the in vitro effects of BS-related particulate matter (BRPM) (2.5 μm) on the function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We found that BS exposure enhanced Th17 responses in the lungs of the COPD-modelled rats, and the stimulated DCs (but not the macrophages) were sufficient to induce naïve CD4 + T cells to produce IL-17A in ex vivo experiments. BRPM significantly enhanced the maturation and activation of DCs through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not TLR4, and induced Th17 responses. Therefore, BS activated lung DCs through TLR2, which led to Th17 responses and emphysema in the rats. This process is possibly therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinding Pu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch, People's Hospital of Changsha County, Changsha, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weitao Cao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Binwei Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Naijian Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - JinZhen Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pixin Ran
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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20
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Zhang Y, Li D, Zeng Q, Feng J, Fu H, Luo Z, Xiao B, Yang H, Wu M. LRRC4 functions as a neuron-protective role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Med 2021; 27:44. [PMID: 33932995 PMCID: PMC8088686 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine rich repeat containing 4 (LRRC4), also known as netrin-G ligand-2 (NGL-2), belongs to the superfamily of LRR proteins and serves as a receptor for netrin-G2. LRRC4 regulates the formation of excitatory synapses and promotes axon differentiation. Mutations in LRRC4 occur in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with spinal cords demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we sought to investigate whether LRRC4 is involved in spinal cords neuron-associated diseases. METHODS LRRC4 was detected in the CNS of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice by the use of real-time PCR and western blotting. LRRC4-/- mice were created and immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35-55. Pathological changes in spinal cords of LRRC4-/- and WT mice 15 days after immunization were examined by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining and immunohistochemistry. The number of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells in spleens and blood were measured with flow cytometry. Differential gene expression in the spinal cords from WT and LRRC4-/- mice was analyzed by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to overexpress LRRC4 (AAV-LRRC4) and were injected into EAE mice to assess the therapeutic effect of AAV-LRRC4 ectopic expression on EAE. RESULTS We report that LRRC4 is mainly expressed in neuron of spinal cords, and is decreased in the spinal cords of the EAE mice. Knockout of LRRC4 have a disease progression quickened and exacerbated with more severe myelin degeneration and infiltration of leukocytes into the spinal cords. We also first found that Rab7b is high expressed in EAE mice, and the deficiency of LRRC4 induces the elevated NF-κB p65 by up-regulating Rab7b, and up-regulation of IL-6, IFN-γ and down-regulation of TNF-α, results in more severe Th1 immune response in LRRC4-/- mice. Ectopic expression of LRRC4 alleviates the clinical symptoms of EAE mice and protects the neurons from immune damages. CONCLUSIONS We identified a neuroprotective role of LRRC4 in the progression of EAE, which may be used as a potential target for auxiliary support therapeutic treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Di Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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21
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Tan W, Zhang B, Liu X, Zhang C, Liu J, Miao Q. Interleukin-33-Dependent Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells Mediates Pulmonary Epithelial Regeneration During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653803. [PMID: 33936076 PMCID: PMC8082076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered mostly by infection, is a syndrome that involves respiratory failure. ARDS induces strong local infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the lungs, and Treg cells were recently highlighted as being related to the repair of various tissue. However, at present, there is still a lack of adequate evidence showing the impact of Treg cells on pulmonary regeneration during ARDS. Here, we verified that Treg cells are strongly induced in ARDS mice and Treg depletion results in impaired lung repair. Moreover, Treg cells show high expression of ST2, a cellular receptor for the tissue alarmin IL-33, which is strongly upregulated in the lung during ARDS. In addition, we demonstrated that IL-33 signaling is crucial for Treg cell accumulation, and ST2-blocked mice show a decrease in the Treg cell population. Critically, transfer of exogenous IL-33 into Treg depleted mice restored Treg cells and facilitated lung regeneration by promoting alveolar type II cell (AEC2) recovery in ARDS, with elevated neutrophils infiltration and upregulated TGF-β1 release. These results emphasized the importance of IL-33 in accelerating the expansion of pulmonary Treg cells and promoting their activity to mediate pulmonary epithelial regeneration during ARDS in a TGF-β1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoji Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Aqel SI, Yang X, Kraus EE, Song J, Farinas MF, Zhao EY, Pei W, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Li C, Yang Y. A STAT3 inhibitor ameliorates CNS autoimmunity by restoring Teff:Treg balance. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142376. [PMID: 33411696 PMCID: PMC7934926 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reestablishing an appropriate balance between T effector cells (Teff) and Tregs is essential for correcting autoimmunity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic CNS disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal degeneration, in which the Teff:Treg balance is skewed toward pathogenic Teffs Th1 and Th17 cells. STAT3 is a key regulator of Teff:Treg balance. Using the structure-based design, we have developed a potentially novel small-molecule prodrug LLL12b that specifically inhibits STAT3 and suppresses Th17 differentiation and expansion. Moreover, LLL12b regulates the fate decision between Th17 and Tregs in an inflammatory environment, shifting Th17:Treg balance toward Tregs and favoring the resolution of inflammation. Therapeutic administration of LLL12b after disease onset significantly suppresses disease progression in adoptively transferred, chronic, and relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Disease relapses were also significantly suppressed by LLL12b given during the remission phase. Additionally, LLL12b shifts Th17:Treg balance of CD4+ T cells from MS patients toward Tregs and increases Teff sensitivity to Treg-mediated suppression. These data suggest that selective inhibition of STAT3 by the small molecule LLL12b recalibrates the effector and regulatory arms of CD4+ T responses, representing a potentially clinically translatable therapeutic strategy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emma E Kraus
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinhua Song
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marissa F Farinas
- Neuroscience program, College of Arts and Sciences, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Zhou L, He X, Cai P, Li T, Peng R, Dang J, Li Y, Li H, Huang F, Shi G, Xie C, Lu Y, Chen Y. Induced regulatory T cells suppress Tc1 cells through TGF-β signaling to ameliorate STZ-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:698-710. [PMID: 33446887 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. In addition to well-established pathogenic effector T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have also been shown to be defective in T1D. Thus, an increasing number of therapeutic approaches are being developed to target Tregs. However, the role and mechanisms of TGF-β-induced Tregs (iTregs) in T1D remain poorly understood. Here, using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced preclinical T1D mouse model, we found that iTregs could ameliorate the development of T1D and preserve β cell function. The preventive effect was associated with the inhibition of type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cell function and rebalancing the Treg/Tc1 cell ratio in recipients. Furthermore, we showed that the underlying mechanisms were due to the TGF-β-mediated combinatorial actions of mTOR and TCF1. In addition to the preventive role, the therapeutic effects of iTregs on the established STZ-T1D and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse models were tested, which revealed improved β cell function. Our findings therefore provide key new insights into the basic mechanisms involved in the therapeutic role of iTregs in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Peihong Cai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongdong Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chichu Xie
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Kim J, Suh YH, Chang KA. Interleukin-17 induced by cumulative mild stress promoted depression-like behaviors in young adult mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:11. [PMID: 33441182 PMCID: PMC7805143 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of young adult patients with major depression, one of the most common mental disorders, is gradually increasing in modern society. Stressful experiences in early life are considered one of the risk factors for chronic depressive symptoms, along with an abnormal inflammatory response in later life. Although increased inflammatory activity has been identified in patients with depression, the cause of long-lasting depressive states is still unclear. To identify the effects of cumulative mild stress in brain development periods, we generated a young adult depression mouse model exposed to cumulative mild stress (CPMS; cumulative mild prenatal stress, mild maternal separation, and mild social defeat) to mimic early life adversities. CPMS mice exhibited more long-lasting anxiety and depression-like behaviors than groups exposed to single or double combinations of mild stress in young adult age. Using the molecular works, we found that inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-17, upregulated microglial activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex of CPMS mice. In the brains of CPMS mice, we also identified changes in the T helper (Th)-17 cell population as well as differentiation. Finally, anti-IL-17 treatment rescued anxiety and depression-like behavior in CPMS mice. In conclusion, we found that cumulative mild stress promoted long-lasting depressive symptoms in CPMS mice through the upregulation of IL-17. We suggest that the CPMS model may be useful to study young adult depression and expect that IL-17 may be an important therapeutic target for depression in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea.
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25
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T-bet and STAT6 Coordinately Suppress the Development of IL-9-Mediated Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1274-1285.e5. [PMID: 33068596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T-bet and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 are critical factors for helper T-cell differentiation in humans and mice. Additionally, polymorphisms in TBX21 (T-bet) and STAT6 are associated with the susceptibility of allergic diseases. However, precise mechanisms of the reciprocal regulation between T-bet and STAT6 in allergy remain unclear. To determine the reciprocal regulation in vivo, we investigated the phenotype of T-bet/STAT6 double-deficient (T-bet-/- STAT6-/-) mice. Unexpectedly, T-bet-/- STAT6-/- mice but not T-bet-/- mice or STAT6-/- mice spontaneously developed severe dermatitis. Not only eosinophils and mast cells but also CD4+ T cells infiltrated into the skin of T-bet-/- STAT6-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells of T-bet-/- STAT6-/- mice into severe combined immunodeficient mice induced the accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells in the skin, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells ameliorated the dermatitis in T-bet-/- STAT6-/- mice. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses revealed that IL-9 expression was enhanced in T-bet-/- STAT6-/- CD4+ T cells. Indeed, IL-9 neutralization ameliorated the dermatitis in T-bet-/- STAT6-/- mice. T-bet-/- STAT6-/- CD4+ T cells expressed functional thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptors and produced large amounts of IL-9 on thymic stromal lymphopoietin stimulation. These results indicate that T-bet and STAT6 coordinately suppress atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation, possibly by inhibiting thymic stromal lymphopoietin-dependent IL-9 production in CD4+ T cells.
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26
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Nakamura A, Takahashi D, Nakamura Y, Yamada T, Matsumoto M, Hase K. Polyamines polarized Th2/Th9 cell-fate decision by regulating GATA3 expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108587. [PMID: 32946839 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are bioactive substances with pleiotropic effects. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that polyamines contribute to anti-inflammatory responses by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells and macrophages. However, the effects of polyamines on CD4+ T cell responses remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of polyamines on cell fate decisions of naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro. We found that endogenously generated polyamines are essential for the development of T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Treatment with DL-2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, diminished GATA3 expression in CD4+ T cells under Th2-skewed conditions. Supplementation of exogenous polyamines rescued GATA3 downregulation caused by DFMO treatment in CD4+ T cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that deprivation of endogenous polyamines resulted in upregulated Th9-related genes, such as Il9, Irf4, and Batf3, even under the Th2-skewing conditions. Depletion of intracellular polyamines reduced GATA3 expression but increased IL-9-producing CD4+ T cells under both Th2 and Th9-skewing conditions. Furthermore, oral administration of DFMO increased IL-9-producing CD4+ T cells in small intestine in mice. Thus, our data indicate that polyamines play a critical role in the regulation of the Th2/Th9 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co Ltd., Hinode-machi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Matsumoto
- Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co Ltd., Hinode-machi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Protective Effect of Thalidomide on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats via the Inhibition of T Helper 17 Cells. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:8861854. [PMID: 32766176 PMCID: PMC7387977 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of thalidomide on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced experimental colitis in rats and to explore the possible mechanism of thalidomide in the treatment of CD. METHODS Forty SD rats were randomly assigned into a healthy control group and TNBS-induced colitis groups, including an untreated TNBS-induced colitis group, a low-dose thalidomide group, and a high-dose thalidomide group, with 10 rats in each. After 7 days, the disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI), and tissue damage index (TDI) were evaluated. The colonic protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, IL-23, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt) were determined using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Relative to the untreated TNBS-induced colitis group, the DAI, CMDI, and TDI were all reduced following the administration of thalidomide. Analytical testing (immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR) shows that IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, and RORγt protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced by thalidomide (p < 0.05 for all) and that these levels were significantly lower in the high-dose thalidomide group than in the low-dose thalidomide group (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Thalidomide effectively alleviated the symptoms and intestinal inflammatory injury induced by TNBS in rats, the effect of which was dose-dependent. The underlying mechanism may be a reduction in the expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, and RORγt in colonic tissue and then subsequent inhibition of the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, thus further alleviating the intestinal inflammatory response.
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28
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Hashemi R, Hosseini-Asl SS, Arefhosseini SR, Morshedi M. The impact of vitamin D3 intake on inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis patients and their first-degree relatives. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231145. [PMID: 32251441 PMCID: PMC7135246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In our previous study, a Seesaw model was proposed for the fluctuation of crucial anti- (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (Il-6 & IL-17A) cytokines through vitamin D3. In this paper, however, it is intended to extend the mentioned model by assessing the expression mRNA levels of IL-27 and TGF-β1 as well as the changes of plasma levels of IL-27, TGF-β1, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-6 after treatment by vitamin D3. METHOD Venous blood samples were drawn from Healthy Participants (HP, n = 25) and First-Degree Relative Participants (FDRP, n = 25) as control groups and Multiple Sclerosis Participants (MSP, n = 25) before and after eight weeks of supplementation with 50000 IU vitamin D3. The mRNA expression and plasma concentrations were gauged by using Real-Time PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. RESULTS The mRNA surfaces of IL-27, as well as TGF-β1, were up-regulated. However, the plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-6 were significantly different among the three groups. In addition, the plasma levels of IL-27, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-6 significantly changed following the administration of vitamin D3. CONCLUSION The findings of this paper illustrate that anti-inflammatory cytokines could have a key role in immunomodulatory functions due to their anti-inflammatory functions. To conclude, this might contribute to preventing the pathophysiological process of MS. Also, the proposed model could be used as a preventive way on disposed people to multiple sclerosis, particularly in first degree relatives of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hashemi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hosseini-Asl
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Rafie Arefhosseini
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morshedi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Lee JY, Hall JA, Kroehling L, Wu L, Najar T, Nguyen HH, Lin WY, Yeung ST, Silva HM, Li D, Hine A, Loke P, Hudesman D, Martin JC, Kenigsberg E, Merad M, Khanna KM, Littman DR. Serum Amyloid A Proteins Induce Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Promote Inflammatory Disease. Cell 2019; 180:79-91.e16. [PMID: 31866067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17 cytokines protect barrier tissues from pathogenic microbes but are also prominent effectors of inflammation and autoimmune disease. T helper 17 (Th17) cells, defined by RORγt-dependent production of IL-17A and IL-17F, exert homeostatic functions in the gut upon microbiota-directed differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells. In the non-pathogenic setting, their cytokine production is regulated by serum amyloid A proteins (SAA1 and SAA2) secreted by adjacent intestinal epithelial cells. However, Th17 cell behaviors vary markedly according to their environment. Here, we show that SAAs additionally direct a pathogenic pro-inflammatory Th17 cell differentiation program, acting directly on T cells in collaboration with STAT3-activating cytokines. Using loss- and gain-of-function mouse models, we show that SAA1, SAA2, and SAA3 have distinct systemic and local functions in promoting Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases. These studies suggest that T cell signaling pathways modulated by the SAAs may be attractive targets for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Yong Lee
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jason A Hall
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lina Kroehling
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lin Wu
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tariq Najar
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henry H Nguyen
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Woan-Yu Lin
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dayi Li
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashley Hine
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Hudesman
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jerome C Martin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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30
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Zhu R, Xie X, Wang N, Chen L, Hong Y. The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell imbalance was associated with Ras-GTPase overexpression in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunology 2019; 157:304-311. [PMID: 31141166 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common but dangerous complication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that dysregulation in the T helper type 17 (Th17) compartment could contribute to the development of COPD-associated PH (COPD-PH). To investigate this hypothesis, patients with COPD-PH and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited, and their circulating CD4+ T cells were activated using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. The frequency of interleukin-17 (IL-17) -secreting cells was significantly higher in COPD-PH patients than in healthy controls. The secretion of IL-17 was significantly higher from COPD-PH CD4+ T cells than from control CD4+ T cells, whereas the secretion of interferon-γ and IL-4 was not significantly different. The expression of transforming growth factor-β, on the other hand, was significantly higher in healthy controls than in COPD-PH patients. Activated CD4+ T cells from COPD-PH patients also presented significantly lower forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and higher retinoic acid receptor-related orphan C2 (RORC2) expression than CD4+ T cells from healthy controls. In both controls and patients, a negative correlation between RORC2 and FOXP3 was found, ex vivo and after CD3/CD28 activation. The serum IL-6 level was slightly higher in COPD-PH patients than in controls, but the IL-6 transcription by monocytes was comparable in COPD-PH patients and controls. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from COPD-PH patients presented significantly higher levels of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog than CD4+ T cells from healthy controls. Inhibiting Ras-GTPases using farnesylthiosalicylic acid significantly reduced the ratio of RORC2/FOXP3 expression in CD4+ T cells. Overall, we demonstrated that an imbalance of Th17/regulatory T cells was a hallmark of COPD-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqing Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1, People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Kumar S, Sharma C, Kaushik SR, Kulshreshtha A, Chaturvedi S, Nanda RK, Bhaskar A, Chattopadhyay D, Das G, Dwivedi VP. The phytochemical bergenin as an adjunct immunotherapy for tuberculosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8555-8563. [PMID: 30975902 PMCID: PMC6544861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread availability and use of modern synthetic therapeutic agents have led to a massive decline in ethnomedical therapies. However, these synthetic agents often possess toxicity leading to various adverse effects. For instance, anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is toxic, lengthy, and severely impairs host immunity, resulting in posttreatment vulnerability to reinfection and reactivation of tuberculosis (TB). Incomplete ATT enhances the risk for the generation of multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant (MDR or XDR, respectively) variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the TB-causing microbe. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach that minimizes these risks is urgently needed to combat this deadly disease and prevent future TB epidemics. Previously, we have shown that the phytochemical bergenin induces T helper 1 (Th1)- and Th17 cell-based protective immune responses and potently inhibits mycobacterial growth in a murine model of M. tb infection, suggesting bergenin as a potential adjunct agent to TB therapy. Here, we combined ATT therapy with bergenin and found that this combination reduces immune impairment and the length of treatment in mice. We observed that co-treatment with the anti-TB drug isoniazid and bergenin produces additive effects and significantly reduces bacterial loads compared with isoniazid treatment alone. The bergenin co-treatment also reduced isoniazid-induced immune impairment; promoted long-lasting, antigen-specific central memory T cell responses; and acted as a self-propelled vaccine. Of note, bergenin treatment significantly reduced the bacterial burden of a multidrug-resistant TB strain. These observations suggest that bergenin is a potent immunomodulatory agent that could be further explored as a potential adjunct to TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | | | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | | | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Tan W, Zhang C, Liu J, Miao Q. Regulatory T-cells promote pulmonary repair by modulating T helper cell immune responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Immunology 2019; 157:151-162. [PMID: 30919408 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induces a strong local infiltration of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the lungs. However, at present, there remains a lack of adequate evidence showing the direct effect of Tregs on pulmonary repair and the related mechanisms of ARDS. Therefore, in this project, we studied the impact of Tregs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS and pulmonary inflammation. Surprisingly, we found that depletion of Tregs by injection of PC61 anti-CD25 antibody not only interfered with the inflammation resolution, such as inhibited total cell infiltration into the alveolar space, downregulated neutrophils, upregulated macrophages, but also impaired pulmonary epithelium and endothelial cell proliferation. Consistent with the attenuation of pulmonary repair, we found that the Th1 and Th17 immune responses were also impaired in Treg-depleted mice, suggesting that the presence of Tregs is vital for tissue repair, as Tregs modulate and promote the Th immune response in LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoji Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cadiou S, Al Tabaa O, Nguyen CD, Faccin M, Guillin R, Revest M, Guggenbuhl P, Houvenagel E, Pertuiset E, Coiffier G. Back pain following instillations of BCG for superficial bladder cancer is not a reactive complication: review of 30 Mycobacterium bovis BCG vertebral osteomyelitis cases. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1773-1783. [PMID: 30868320 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations are used in bladder cancer treatment. Adverse effects can occur. Osteoarticular complications are mainly reactive arthritis, but true infections have been described, such as vertebral osteomyelitis. We made a review of M. bovis BCG vertebral osteomyelitis after instillations for bladder cancer using PubMed search. We added three new French cases. Twenty-seven cases of BCG vertebral osteomyelitis had been reported on PubMed. Of the 30 cases, all were male, averaging 73.4 ± 8.7 years old. Median time between diagnosis and first and last instillation was 22.5 and 14 months respectively. Half of vertebral osteomyelitis was thoracic and lumbar in the other half. Sensitivo-motor deficit was present at diagnosis in 42% of cases. Other infectious locations were common, mainly infectious abdominal aortic aneurysms (20%). Rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid were the usual therapy. Poor outcomes were reported with 50% of one or more spine surgery. M. bovis BCG vertebral osteomyelitis following bladder instillation for bladder cancer is a rare complication. However, the late onset of back pain after instillations differentiates them from reactive arthritis. Concomitant septic location such as infectious abdominal aortic aneurysms must be known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cadiou
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 16 Boulevard de Bulgarie, 35200, Rennes, France.
| | - Omar Al Tabaa
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier René Dubos, 95301, Pontoise, France
| | - Chi-Duc Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital St Philibert GHICL, 249 Rue du grand but, 59462, Lomme, France
| | - Marine Faccin
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Guillin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Revest
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, CHU Univ Rennes, Inserm U 1230, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000, Rennes, France.,UMR INSERM U 1241, University of Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Houvenagel
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital St Philibert GHICL, 249 Rue du grand but, 59462, Lomme, France
| | - Edouard Pertuiset
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier René Dubos, 95301, Pontoise, France
| | - Guillaume Coiffier
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.,UMR INSERM U 1241, University of Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
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Lavoz C, Matus YS, Orejudo M, Carpio JD, Droguett A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M. Interleukin-17A blockade reduces albuminuria and kidney injury in an accelerated model of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1418-1432. [PMID: 30982673 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and currently the first end-stage renal disease worldwide. New strategies to treat DN using agents that target inflammatory pathways have attracted special interest. Recent pieces of evidences suggest a promising effect of IL-17A, the Th17 effector cytokine. Among experimental DN models, mouse strain BTBR ob/ob (leptin deficiency mutation) develops histological features similar to human DN, which means an opportunity to study mechanisms and novel therapies aimed at DN regression. We found that BTBR ob/ob mice presented renal activation of the factors controlling Th17 differentiation. The presence of IL-17A-expressing cells, mainly CD4+ and γδ lymphocytes, was associated with upregulation of proinflammatory factors, macrophage infiltration and the beginning of renal damage. To study IL-17A involvement in experimental DN pathogenesis, treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody was carried out starting when the renal damage had already appeared. IL-17A blockade ameliorated renal dysfunction and disease progression in BTBR ob/ob mice. These beneficial effects correlated to podocyte number restoration and inhibition of NF-κB/proinflammatory factors linked to a decrease in renal inflammatory-cell infiltration. These data demonstrate that IL-17A takes part in diabetes-mediated renal damage and could be a promising therapeutic target to improve DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile.
| | | | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Daniel Carpio
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Droguett
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Aqel SI, Kraus EE, Jena N, Kumari V, Granitto MC, Mao L, Farinas MF, Zhao EY, Perottino G, Pei W, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Fuchs JR, Li C, Yang Y. Novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitor suppresses autoreactive Th17 development and promotes T reg development. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:215-225. [PMID: 30615197 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in the United States in young adults, but current treatments are only partially effective, making it necessary to develop new, innovative therapeutic strategies. Myelin-specific interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are a major subset of CD4 T effector cells (Teff ) that play a critical role in mediating the development and progression of MS and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while regulatory T cells (Treg ) CD4 T cells are beneficial for suppressing disease. The IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) signaling pathway is a key regulator of Th17 and Treg cells by promoting Th17 development and suppressing Treg development. Here we show that three novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors, madindoline-5 (MDL-5), MDL-16 and MDL-101, significantly suppress IL-17 production in myelin-specific CD4 T cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. MDL-101 showed superior potency in suppressing IL-17 production compared to MDL-5 and MDL-16. Treatment of myelin-specific CD4 T cells with MDL-101 in vitro reduced their encephalitogenic potential following their subsequent adoptive transfer. Furthermore, MDL-101 significantly suppressed proliferation and IL-17 production of anti-CD3-activated effector/memory CD45RO+ CD4+ human CD4 T cells and promoted human Treg development. Together, these data demonstrate that these novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors have the potential to shift the Teff : Treg balance, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ameliorating disease progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E E Kraus
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Jena
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V Kumari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - M F Farinas
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Perottino
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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36
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Aqel SI, Granitto MC, Nuro-Gyina PK, Pei W, Liu Y, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Yang Y. Distinct roles for Blimp-1 in autoreactive CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:20-28. [PMID: 30366205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) is a transcription factor that regulates effector/memory B cells and CD8 T cells. Here we show that Blimp-1 is expressed in both Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro and highly expressed in effector/memory myelin-specific CD4 T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The immunized Blimp-1 conditional knockout mice have a significantly delayed disease onset but enhanced disease severity during the effector phase compared to their wild-type littermates, suggesting that Blimp-1 is a unique transcription factor with distinct roles in the regulation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Marissa C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Postbacculaureate Research Education Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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37
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Zhang S. The role of transforming growth factor β in T helper 17 differentiation. Immunology 2018; 155:24-35. [PMID: 29682722 PMCID: PMC6099164 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells play critical roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt is the key regulator for Th17 cell fate commitment. A substantial number of studies have established the importance of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -dependent pathways in inducing RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation. TGF-β superfamily members TGF-β1 , TGF-β3 or activin A, in concert with interleukin-6 or interleukin-21, differentiate naive T cells into Th17 cells. Alternatively, Th17 differentiation can occur through TGF-β-independent pathways. However, the mechanism of how TGF-β-dependent and TGF-β-independent pathways control Th17 differentiation remains controversial. This review focuses on the perplexing role of TGF-β in Th17 differentiation, depicts the requirement of TGF-β for Th17 development, and underscores the multiple mechanisms underlying TGF-β-promoted Th17 generation, pathogenicity and plasticity. With new insights and comprehension from recent findings, this review specifically tackles the involvement of the canonical TGF-β signalling components, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4, summarizes diverse SMAD-independent mechanisms, and highlights the importance of TGF-β signalling in balancing the reciprocal conversion of Th17 and regulatory T cells. Finally, this review includes discussions and perspectives and raises important mechanistic questions about the role of TGF-β in Th17 generation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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38
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Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host’s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-β on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-β subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-β or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-β can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-β in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-β signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dahmani
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Hematology-Oncology service, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
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39
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TGF-β in T Cell Biology: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060194. [PMID: 29891791 PMCID: PMC6025055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host’s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-β on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-β subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-β or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-β can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-β in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-β signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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40
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Lee PW, Xin MK, Pei W, Yang Y, Lovett-Racke AE. IL-3 Is a Marker of Encephalitogenic T Cells, but Not Essential for CNS Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1255. [PMID: 29915594 PMCID: PMC5994593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying molecules that are differentially expressed in encephalitogenic T cells is critical to the development of novel and specific therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, IL-3 was identified as a molecule highly expressed in encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells, but not in myelin-specific non-encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. However, B10.PL IL-3-deficient mice remained susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Furthermore, B10.PL myelin-specific T cell receptor transgenic IL-3-/- Th1 and Th17 cells were capable of transferring EAE to wild-type mice. Antibody neutralization of IL-3 produced by encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells failed to alter their ability to transfer EAE. Thus, IL-3 is highly expressed in myelin-specific T cells capable of inducing EAE compared to activated, non-encephalitogenic myelin-specific T cells. However, loss of IL-3 in encephalitogenic T cells does not reduce their pathogenicity, indicating that IL-3 is a marker of encephalitogenic T cells, but not a critical element in their pathogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla W. Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew K. Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy E. Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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41
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Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells. Instead of triggering adaptive immunity, they suppress immune responses. Small numbers of Treg cells reside within lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues, but their contribution to immune tolerance is so significant that defects in Treg cell function cause catastrophic immune disorders. Since they were first discovered 20 years ago, efforts have been made to understand the differences in developmental processes between Treg cells and conventional T cells that determine the ultimate fate of the overall T-cell population. Transcription factor Foxp3 is crucial for Treg cell differentiation, but it is not the whole story. Owing to recent advances in Treg cell research, we are now on the verge of appreciating the comprehensive mechanisms underlying Treg cell generation. Here, we discuss major discoveries, active study topics and remaining questions regarding Treg cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyong Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea
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42
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Miyoshi M, Liu S, Morizane A, Takemasa E, Suzuki Y, Kiyoi T, Maeyama K, Mogi M. Efficacy of constant long-term delivery of YM-58483 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:89-98. [PMID: 29428471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of YM-58483, a small molecular antagonist of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in vivo and ex vivo. YM-58483 was continuously injected subcutaneously in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouS.E.M.odel using an implanted osmotic pump. The severity of CIA was evaluated using the following parameters: body weight, hind paw volume, clinical score, histological analysis, cytokine levels, Ca2+ influx, and specific IgG production. The efficacy of long-term application of YM-58483 was also verified ex vivo in RA patient-derived peripheral blood monocytes. Assessment of the clinical severity of CIA, cytokine profile in serum and joint protein extracts, and specific IgG production showed that continuous application of YM-58483 suppressed synovial inflammation by inhibiting immune cell activity. Chemical screening and hepatography indicated that long-term subcutaneous delivery of YM-58483 was safer than oral administration for systemic application. Moreover, constant preincubation with YM-58483 at an IC50 of 0.1-1 nM altered proinflammatory cytokine production ex vivo in peripheral T cells derived from RA patients. Our findings suggest that continuous long-term application of appropriate CRAC inhibitors such as YM-58483 is a potential therapeutic strategy for global immunosuppression in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miyoshi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shuang Liu
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Erika Takemasa
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yashuyuki Suzuki
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Department of Bioscience, Integrated Center for Sciences, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Maeyama
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsugawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, Japan
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McGinley AM, Edwards SC, Raverdeau M, Mills KHG. Th17 cells, γδ T cells and their interplay in EAE and multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2018; 87:S0896-8411(18)30007-6. [PMID: 29395738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that shares many features with the human disease. This review will focus on the role of IL-17-secreting CD4 and γδ T cells in EAE and MS, the plasticity of Th17 cells in vivo and the application of these findings to the understating of the pathogenesis and the development of new treatments for MS. There is convincing evidence that IL-17-secreting CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-17-secreting γδ T cells play a critical pathogenic role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in EAE and MS. Indeed a significant number of the major discoveries on the pathogenic role of IL-17-secreting T cells in autoimmunity were made in the EAE model. These included the first demonstration that IL-23-activated IL-17-secreting T cells are the key T cells in driving autoimmune disease pathology. Although the early studies on IL-17 focused on Th17 cells, it was later demonstrated that γδ T cells were an important early source of IL-17 and IL-21 that helped amplify IL-17 production by Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it emerged that Th1 cells can also have encephalitogenic activity and that there was considerable plasticity in these T cell responses, with Th17 cells reverting to a Th1 phenotype in vivo. This questioned the pathogenic role of IL-17 and suggested that other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF, may be important. Nevertheless, biological drugs that target the IL-23-IL-17 pathway are highly effective in treating human psoriasis and are showing promise in the treatment of relapsing remitting MS and other T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M McGinley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Edwards
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Abstract
Activation of STAT3-coupled receptors along with TGF-β signaling are fundamental for Th17 cell differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. A recent paper shows that TGF-β signaling relieves SKI-mediated transcriptional repression of Rorc, the key regulator of the Th17 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
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The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100303. [PMID: 29048384 PMCID: PMC5691654 DOI: 10.3390/v9100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.
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Nanke Y, Yago T, Kotake S. The Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Behcet's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E74. [PMID: 28753995 PMCID: PMC5532582 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a polysymptomatic and recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course and unknown cause. The pathogenesis of BD has not been fully elucidated; however, BD has been considered to be a typical Th1-mediated inflammatory disease, characterized by elevated levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Recently, some studies reported that Th17-associated cytokines were increased in BD; thus, Th17 cells and the IL17/IL23 pathway may play important roles in the pathogenesis of BD. In this chapter, we focus on the pathogenic role of Th17 cells in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nanke
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
| | - Toru Yago
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Kotake
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
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Sanjabi S, Oh SA, Li MO. Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022236. [PMID: 28108486 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to elucidate how TGF-β alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state conditions, TGF-β regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve T-cell pool. TGF-β inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation while promoting peripheral (p)Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue residence in response to immune challenges. Similarly, TGF-β controls the proliferation, survival, activation, and differentiation of B cells, as well as the development and functions of innate cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Collectively, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance against self- and innocuous antigens, such as food, commensal bacteria, and fetal alloantigens, and in controlling immune responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Soyoung A Oh
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Interplay of Regulatory T Cell and Th17 Cells during Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:341. [PMID: 28421070 PMCID: PMC5377923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that the outcome of an inflammatory process caused by infections depends on the balance of responses by several components of the immune system. Of particular relevance is the interplay between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+ T cells that produce IL-17 (Th17 cells) during immunoinflammatory events. In addition to discussing studies done in mice to highlight some unresolved issues in the biology of these cells, we emphasize the need to include outbred animals and humans in analyses. Achieving a balance between Treg and Th17 cells responses represents a powerful approach to control events during immunity and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Kelly A, Houston SA, Sherwood E, Casulli J, Travis MA. Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by TGFβ. Adv Immunol 2017; 134:137-233. [PMID: 28413021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulation by cytokines is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting responses to infection, resolving inflammation, and promoting immunological memory. Additionally, cytokine responses drive pathology in immune-mediated disease. A crucial cytokine in the regulation of all aspects of an immune response is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Although best known as a crucial regulator of T cell responses, TGFβ plays a vital role in regulating responses mediated by virtually every innate and adaptive immune cell, including dendritic cells, B cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells, and granulocytes. Here, we review our current knowledge of how TGFβ regulates the immune system, highlighting the multifunctional nature of TGFβ and how its function can change depending on location and context of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Kelly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Houston
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sherwood
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hahn
- a Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- a Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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