1
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Humblin E, Korpas I, Prokhnevska N, Vaidya A, Lu J, van der Heide V, Filipescu D, Bobrowski T, Marks A, Park MD, Bernstein E, Brown BD, Lujambio A, Dominguez-Sola D, Rosenberg BR, Kamphorst AO. ICOS limits memory-like properties and function of exhausted PD-1 + CD8 T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.611518. [PMID: 39345453 PMCID: PMC11429760 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.611518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, PD-1 + CD8 T cells are maintained by progenitor exhausted PD-1 + TCF-1 + CD8 T cells (Tpex). Tpex respond to PD-1 blockade, and regulation of Tpex differentiation into more functional Tex is of major interest for cancer immunotherapies. Tpex express high levels of Inducible Costimulator (ICOS), but the role of ICOS for PD-1 + CD8 T cell responses has not been addressed. In chronic infection, ICOS-deficiency increased both number and quality of virus-specific CD8 T cells, with accumulation of effector-like Tex due to enhanced survival. Mechanistically, loss of ICOS signaling potentiated FoxO1 activity and memory-like features of Tpex. In mice with established chronic infection, ICOS-Ligand blockade resulted in expansion of effector-like Tex and reduction in viral load. In a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma, ICOS inhibition improved cytokine production by tumor-specific PD-1 + CD8 T cells and delayed tumor growth. Overall, we show that ICOS limits CD8 T cell responses during chronic antigen exposure.
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2
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Schelker RC, Fioravanti J, Mastrogiovanni F, Baldwin JG, Rana N, Li P, Chen P, Vadász T, Spolski R, Heuser-Loy C, Slavkovic-Lukic D, Noronha P, Damiano G, Raccosta L, Maggioni D, Pullugula S, Lin JX, Oh J, Grandinetti P, Lecce M, Hesse L, Kocks E, Martín-Santos A, Gebhard C, Telford WG, Ji Y, Restifo NP, Russo V, Rehli M, Herr W, Leonard WJ, Gattinoni L. LIM-domain-only 4 (LMO4) enhances CD8 + T-cell stemness and tumor rejection by boosting IL-21-STAT3 signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:199. [PMID: 39117617 PMCID: PMC11310520 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High frequencies of stem-like memory T cells in infusion products correlate with superior patient outcomes across multiple T cell therapy trials. Herein, we analyzed a published CRISPR activation screening to identify transcriptional regulators that could be harnessed to augment stem-like behavior in CD8+ T cells. Using IFN-γ production as a proxy for CD8+ T cell terminal differentiation, LMO4 emerged among the top hits inhibiting the development of effectors cells. Consistently, we found that Lmo4 was downregulated upon CD8+ T cell activation but maintained under culture conditions facilitating the formation of stem-like T cells. By employing a synthetic biology approach to ectopically express LMO4 in antitumor CD8+ T cells, we enabled selective expansion and enhanced persistence of transduced cells, while limiting their terminal differentiation and senescence. LMO4 overexpression promoted transcriptional programs regulating stemness, increasing the numbers of stem-like CD8+ memory T cells and enhancing their polyfunctionality and recall capacity. When tested in syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, LMO4 overexpression boosted CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity, resulting in enhanced tumor regression. Rather than directly modulating gene transcription, LMO4 bound to JAK1 and potentiated STAT3 signaling in response to IL-21, inducing the expression of target genes (Tcf7, Socs3, Junb, and Zfp36) crucial for memory responses. CRISPR/Cas9-deletion of Stat3 nullified the enhanced memory signature conferred by LMO4, thereby abrogating the therapeutic benefit of LMO4 overexpression. These results establish LMO4 overexpression as an effective strategy to boost CD8+ T cell stemness, providing a new synthetic biology tool to bolster the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland C Schelker
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Mastrogiovanni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy G Baldwin
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nisha Rana
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timea Vadász
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Heuser-Loy
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dragana Slavkovic-Lukic
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Noronha
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Damiano
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raccosta
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sree Pullugula
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jangsuk Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Grandinetti
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Lecce
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leo Hesse
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilia Kocks
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Azucena Martín-Santos
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - William G Telford
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, WERA Site, Würzburg-Erlangen-Regensburg-Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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3
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Huang F, Lin Y, Qiao Y, Yuan Y, Zhong Z, Luo B, Wu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu B. BRD7 as key factor in PBAF complex assembly and CD8+ T cell differentiation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171605. [PMID: 38954484 PMCID: PMC11383612 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon infection, naive CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic effector cells to eliminate the pathogen-infected cells. Although many mechanisms underlying this process have been demonstrated, the regulatory role of chromatin remodeling system in this process remains largely unknown. Here we show that BRD7, a component of the polybromo-associated BAF complex (PBAF), was required for naive CD8+ T cells to differentiate into functional short-lived effector cells (SLECs) in response to acute infections caused by influenza virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). BRD7 deficiency in CD8+ T cells resulted in profound defects in effector population and functions, thereby impairing viral clearance and host recovery. Further mechanical studies indicate that the expression of BRD7 significantly turned to high from naive CD8+ T cells to effector cells, which bridged BRG1 and PBRM1 to the core module of PBAF complex, consequently facilitating the assembly of PBAF complex rather than BAF complex in the effector cells. The PBAF complex changed the chromatin accessibility at the loci of Tbx21 gene and upregulated its expression, leading to the maturation of effector T cells. Our research demonstrates that BRD7 and the PBAF complex are key in CD8+ T cell development and present a significant target for advancing immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtong Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yidan Qiao
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihan Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohong Luo
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yating Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingliang Chen
- Infectious Diseases Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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McCaleb MR, Miranda AM, Khammash HA, Torres RM, Pelanda R. Regulation of Foxo1 expression is critical for central B cell tolerance and allelic exclusion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114283. [PMID: 38796853 PMCID: PMC11246624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolving the molecular mechanisms of central B cell tolerance might unveil strategies that prevent autoimmunity. Here, using a mouse model of central B cell tolerance in which Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) is either deleted or over-expressed in B cells, we show that deleting Foxo1 blocks receptor editing, curtails clonal deletion, and decreases CXCR4 expression, allowing high-avidity autoreactive B cells to emigrate to the periphery whereby they mature but remain anergic and short lived. Conversely, expression of degradation-resistant Foxo1 promotes receptor editing in the absence of self-antigen but leads to allelic inclusion. Foxo1 over-expression also restores tolerance in autoreactive B cells harboring active PI3K, revealing opposing roles of Foxo1 and PI3K in B cell selection. Overall, we show that the transcription factor Foxo1 is a major gatekeeper of central B cell tolerance and that PI3K drives positive selection of immature B cells and establishes allelic exclusion by suppressing Foxo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R McCaleb
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anjelica M Miranda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hadeel A Khammash
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raul M Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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5
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Doan AE, Mueller KP, Chen AY, Rouin GT, Chen Y, Daniel B, Lattin J, Markovska M, Mozarsky B, Arias-Umana J, Hapke R, Jung IY, Wang A, Xu P, Klysz D, Zuern G, Bashti M, Quinn PJ, Miao Z, Sandor K, Zhang W, Chen GM, Ryu F, Logun M, Hall J, Tan K, Grupp SA, McClory SE, Lareau CA, Fraietta JA, Sotillo E, Satpathy AT, Mackall CL, Weber EW. FOXO1 is a master regulator of memory programming in CAR T cells. Nature 2024; 629:211-218. [PMID: 38600391 PMCID: PMC11062920 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A major limitation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies is the poor persistence of these cells in vivo1. The expression of memory-associated genes in CAR T cells is linked to their long-term persistence in patients and clinical efficacy2-6, suggesting that memory programs may underpin durable CAR T cell function. Here we show that the transcription factor FOXO1 is responsible for promoting memory and restraining exhaustion in human CAR T cells. Pharmacological inhibition or gene editing of endogenous FOXO1 diminished the expression of memory-associated genes, promoted an exhaustion-like phenotype and impaired the antitumour activity of CAR T cells. Overexpression of FOXO1 induced a gene-expression program consistent with T cell memory and increased chromatin accessibility at FOXO1-binding motifs. CAR T cells that overexpressed FOXO1 retained their function, memory potential and metabolic fitness in settings of chronic stimulation, and exhibited enhanced persistence and tumour control in vivo. By contrast, overexpression of TCF1 (encoded by TCF7) did not enforce canonical memory programs or enhance the potency of CAR T cells. Notably, FOXO1 activity correlated with positive clinical outcomes of patients treated with CAR T cells or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, underscoring the clinical relevance of FOXO1 in cancer immunotherapy. Our results show that overexpressing FOXO1 can increase the antitumour activity of human CAR T cells, and highlight memory reprogramming as a broadly applicable approach for optimizing therapeutic T cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Doan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andy Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Rouin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yingshi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Lattin
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martina Markovska
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett Mozarsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose Arias-Umana
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Hapke
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In-Young Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Zuern
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malek Bashti
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Quinn
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faith Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan Logun
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junior Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan E McClory
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Evan W Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Chi H, Pepper M, Thomas PG. Principles and therapeutic applications of adaptive immunity. Cell 2024; 187:2052-2078. [PMID: 38670065 PMCID: PMC11177542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to perturbations induced by pathogens and tissue damage. Here, we review key principles underlying adaptive immunity orchestrated by distinct T cell and B cell populations and their extensions to disease therapies. We discuss the intracellular and intercellular processes shaping antigen specificity and recognition in immune activation and lymphocyte functions in mediating effector and memory responses. We also describe how lymphocytes balance protective immunity against autoimmunity and immunopathology, including during immune tolerance, response to chronic antigen stimulation, and adaptation to non-lymphoid tissues in coordinating tissue immunity and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss extracellular signals and cell-intrinsic programs underpinning adaptive immunity and conclude by summarizing key advances in vaccination and engineering adaptive immune responses for therapeutic interventions. A deeper understanding of these principles holds promise for uncovering new means to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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7
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Mensah-Bonsu M, Doss C, Gloster C, Muganda P. Identification and Potential Roles of Human MicroRNAs in Ebola Virus Infection and Disease Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:403. [PMID: 38674337 PMCID: PMC11049046 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes a severe illness called Ebola virus disease (EVD). EVD has a high mortality rate and remains a significant threat to public health. Research on EVD pathogenesis has traditionally focused on host transcriptional responses. Limited recent studies, however, have revealed some information on the significance of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in EBOV infection and pathogenic mechanisms, but further studies are needed. Thus, this study aimed to identify and validate additional known and novel human miRNAs in EBOV-infected adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE) cells and predict their potential roles in EBOV infection and pathogenic mechanisms. We analyzed previously available small RNA-Seq data obtained from ARPE cells and identified 23 upregulated and seven downregulated miRNAs in the EBOV-infected cells; these included two novel miRNAs and 17 additional known miRNAs not previously identified in ARPE cells. In addition to pathways previously identified by others, these miRNAs are associated with pathways and biological processes that include WNT, FoxO, and phosphatidylinositol signaling; these pathways were not identified in the original study. This study thus confirms and expands on the previous study using the same datasets and demonstrates further the importance of human miRNAs in the host response and EVD pathogenesis during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Mensah-Bonsu
- Applied Science and Technology Ph.D. Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Christopher Doss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Clay Gloster
- Department of Computer Systems Technology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Perpetua Muganda
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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8
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Sun W, Hughes EP, Kim H, Perovanovic J, Charley KR, Perkins B, Du J, Ibarra A, Syage AR, Hale JS, Williams MA, Tantin D. OCA-B/Pou2af1 is sufficient to promote CD4 + T cell memory and prospectively identifies memory precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309153121. [PMID: 38386711 PMCID: PMC10907311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309153121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to the establishment of immunological memory are inadequately understood, limiting the development of effective vaccines and durable antitumor immune therapies. Here, we show that ectopic OCA-B expression is sufficient to improve antiviral memory recall responses, while having minimal effects on primary effector responses. At peak viral response, short-lived effector T cell populations are expanded but show increased Gadd45b and Socs2 expression, while memory precursor effector cells show increased expression of Bcl2, Il7r, and Tcf7 on a per-cell basis. Using an OCA-B mCherry reporter mouse line, we observe high OCA-B expression in CD4+ central memory T cells. We show that early in viral infection, endogenously elevated OCA-B expression prospectively identifies memory precursor cells with increased survival capability and memory recall potential. Cumulatively, the results demonstrate that OCA-B is both necessary and sufficient to promote CD4 T cell memory in vivo and can be used to prospectively identify memory precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Erik P. Hughes
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Heejoo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Jelena Perovanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Krystal R. Charley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Bryant Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Junhong Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Andrea Ibarra
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Amber R. Syage
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Matthew A. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
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9
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Doan A, Mueller KP, Chen A, Rouin GT, Daniel B, Lattin J, Chen Y, Mozarsky B, Markovska M, Arias-Umana J, Hapke R, Jung I, Xu P, Klysz D, Bashti M, Quinn PJ, Sandor K, Zhang W, Hall J, Lareau C, Grupp SA, Fraietta JA, Sotillo E, Satpathy AT, Mackall CL, Weber EW. FOXO1 is a master regulator of CAR T memory programming. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2802998. [PMID: 37986944 PMCID: PMC10659532 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2802998/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor CAR T persistence limits CAR T cell therapies for B cell malignancies and solid tumors1,2. The expression of memory-associated genes such as TCF7 (protein name TCF1) is linked to response and long-term persistence in patients3-7, thereby implicating memory programs in therapeutic efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that the pioneer transcription factor, FOXO1, is responsible for promoting memory programs and restraining exhaustion in human CAR T cells. Pharmacologic inhibition or gene editing of endogenous FOXO1 in human CAR T cells diminished the expression of memory-associated genes, promoted an exhaustion-like phenotype, and impaired antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. FOXO1 overexpression induced a gene expression program consistent with T cell memory and increased chromatin accessibility at FOXO1 binding motifs. FOXO1-overexpressing cells retained function, memory potential, and metabolic fitness during settings of chronic stimulation and exhibited enhanced persistence and antitumor activity in vivo. In contrast, TCF1 overexpression failed to enforce canonical memory programs or enhance CAR T cell potency. Importantly, endogenous FOXO1 activity correlated with CAR T and TIL responses in patients, underscoring its clinical relevance in cancer immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate that memory reprogramming through FOXO1 can enhance the persistence and potency of human CAR T cells and highlights the utility of pioneer factors, which bind condensed chromatin and induce local epigenetic remodeling, for optimizing therapeutic T cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Doan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine P Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Rouin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Lattin
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yingshi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brett Mozarsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Markovska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose Arias-Umana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Hapke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inyoung Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malek Bashti
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick J Quinn
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junior Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caleb Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evan W Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA
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10
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Bulliard Y, Andersson BS, Baysal MA, Damiano J, Tsimberidou AM. Reprogramming T cell differentiation and exhaustion in CAR-T cell therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37880715 PMCID: PMC10601191 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell differentiation is a highly regulated, multi-step process necessary for the progressive establishment of effector functions, immunological memory, and long-term control of pathogens. In response to strong stimulation, as seen in severe or chronic infections or cancer, T cells acquire a state of hypo-responsiveness known as exhaustion, limiting their effector function. Recent advances in autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies by taking advantage of the basic principles of T cell biology to engineer products that promote long-lasting T cell response. However, many patients' malignancies remain unresponsive to treatment or are prone to recur. Discoveries in T cell biology, including the identification of key regulators of differentiation and exhaustion, offer novel opportunities to have a durable impact on the fate of CAR-T cells after infusion. Such next-generation CAR-T cell therapies and their clinical implementation may result in the next leap forward in cancer treatment for selected patients. In this context, this review summarizes the foundational principles of T cell differentiation and exhaustion and describes how they can be utilized and targeted to further improve the design and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borje S Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mehmet A Baysal
- Unit 455, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Damiano
- Appia Bio, 6160 Bristol Pkwy, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Unit 455, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Franco F, Bevilacqua A, Wu RM, Kao KC, Lin CP, Rousseau L, Peng FT, Chuang YM, Peng JJ, Park J, Xu Y, Cassotta A, Yu YR, Speiser DE, Sallusto F, Ho PC. Regulatory circuits of mitophagy restrict distinct modes of cell death during memory CD8 + T cell formation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf7579. [PMID: 37738363 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a central process guarding mitochondrial quality, is commonly impaired in human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, but its impact in adaptive immunity remains unclear. The differentiation and survival of memory CD8+ T cells rely on oxidative metabolism, a process that requires robust mitochondrial quality control. Here, we found that Parkinson's disease patients have a reduced frequency of CD8+ memory T cells compared with healthy donors and failed to form memory T cells upon vaccination against COVID-19, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial quality control for memory CD8+ T cell formation. We further uncovered that regulators of mitophagy, including Parkin and NIX, were up-regulated in response to interleukin-15 (IL-15) for supporting memory T cell formation. Mechanistically, Parkin suppressed VDAC1-dependent apoptosis in memory T cells. In contrast, NIX expression in T cells counteracted ferroptosis by preventing metabolic dysfunction resulting from impaired mitophagy. Together, our results indicate that the mitophagy machinery orchestrates survival and metabolic dynamics required for memory T cell formation, as well as highlight a deficit in T cell-mediated antiviral responses in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Franco
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Bevilacqua
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ruey-Mei Wu
- Neurology Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Pu Lin
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Rousseau
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fu-Ti Peng
- Neurology Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jhan-Jie Peng
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jaeoh Park
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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12
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Sturmlechner I, Jain A, Mu Y, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. T cell fate decisions during memory cell generation with aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101800. [PMID: 37494738 PMCID: PMC10528238 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The defense against infectious diseases, either through natural immunity or after vaccinations, relies on the generation and maintenance of protective T cell memory. Naïve T cells are at the center of memory T cell generation during primary responses. Upon activation, they undergo a complex, highly regulated differentiation process towards different functional states. Naïve T cells maintained into older age have undergone epigenetic adaptations that influence their fate decisions during differentiation. We review age-sensitive, molecular pathways and gene regulatory networks that bias naïve T cell differentiation towards effector cell generation at the expense of memory and Tfh cells. As a result, T cell differentiation in older adults is associated with release of bioactive waste products into the microenvironment, higher stress sensitivity as well as skewing towards pro-inflammatory signatures and shorter life spans. These maladaptations not only contribute to poor vaccine responses in older adults but also fuel a more inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunmei Mu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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13
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Chen Y, Xu Z, Sun H, Ouyang X, Han Y, Yu H, Wu N, Xie Y, Su B. Regulation of CD8 + T memory and exhaustion by the mTOR signals. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1023-1039. [PMID: 37582972 PMCID: PMC10468538 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the key executioners of the adaptive immune arm, which mediates antitumor and antiviral immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells develop in the thymus and are quickly activated in the periphery after encountering a cognate antigen, which induces these cells to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that fight the initial infection. Simultaneously, a fraction of these cells become long-lived memory CD8+ T cells that combat future infections. Notably, the generation and maintenance of memory cells is profoundly affected by various in vivo conditions, such as the mode of primary activation (e.g., acute vs. chronic immunization) or fluctuations in host metabolic, inflammatory, or aging factors. Therefore, many T cells may be lost or become exhausted and no longer functional. Complicated intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic processes are involved in this process. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular basis for the generation and fate of memory and exhausted CD8+ cells is central for harnessing cellular immunity. In this review, we focus on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), particularly signaling mediated by mTOR complex (mTORC) 2 in memory and exhausted CD8+ T cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinxing Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Tumor Biology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuheng Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haihui Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiting Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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14
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Ivanova DL, Thompson SB, Klarquist J, Harbell MG, Kilgore AM, Lasda EL, Hesselberth JR, Hunter CA, Kedl RM. Vaccine adjuvant-elicited CD8 + T cell immunity is co-dependent on T-bet and FOXO1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112911. [PMID: 37516968 PMCID: PMC10577800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-bet and FOXO1 are transcription factors canonically associated with effector and memory T cell fates, respectively. During an infectious response, these factors direct the development of CD8+ T cell fates, where T-bet deficiency leads to ablation of only short-lived effector cells, while FOXO1 deficiency results in selective loss of memory. In contrast, following adjuvanted subunit vaccination in mice, both effector- and memory-fated T cells are compromised in the absence of either T-bet or FOXO1. Thus, unlike responses to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, productive CD8+ T cell responses to adjuvanted vaccination require coordinated regulation of FOXO1 and T-bet transcriptional programs. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirms simultaneous T-bet, FOXO1, and TCF1 transcriptional activity in vaccine-elicited, but not infection-elicited, T cells undergoing clonal expansion. Collectively, our data show that subunit vaccine adjuvants elicit T cell responses dependent on transcription factors associated with effector and memory cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott B Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael G Harbell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Augustus M Kilgore
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erika L Lasda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Wu JE, Manne S, Ngiow SF, Baxter AE, Huang H, Freilich E, Clark ML, Lee JH, Chen Z, Khan O, Staupe RP, Huang YJ, Shi J, Giles JR, Wherry EJ. In vitro modeling of CD8 + T cell exhaustion enables CRISPR screening to reveal a role for BHLHE40. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade3369. [PMID: 37595022 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Identifying molecular mechanisms of exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) is a key goal of improving immunotherapy of cancer and other diseases. However, high-throughput interrogation of in vivo Tex can be costly and inefficient. In vitro models of Tex are easily customizable and quickly generate high cellular yield, enabling CRISPR screening and other high-throughput assays. We established an in vitro model of chronic stimulation and benchmarked key phenotypic, functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic features against bona fide in vivo Tex. We leveraged this model of in vitro chronic stimulation in combination with CRISPR screening to identify transcriptional regulators of T cell exhaustion. This approach identified several transcription factors, including BHLHE40. In vitro and in vivo validation defined a role for BHLHE40 in regulating a key differentiation checkpoint between progenitor and intermediate Tex subsets. By developing and benchmarking an in vitro model of Tex, then applying high-throughput CRISPR screening, we demonstrate the utility of mechanistically annotated in vitro models of Tex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Freilich
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan L Clark
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanna H Lee
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui J Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Zwijnenburg AJ, Pokharel J, Varnaitė R, Zheng W, Hoffer E, Shryki I, Comet NR, Ehrström M, Gredmark-Russ S, Eidsmo L, Gerlach C. Graded expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 marks differentiation states of human and murine T cells and enables cross-species interpretation. Immunity 2023; 56:1955-1974.e10. [PMID: 37490909 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
T cells differentiate into functionally distinct states upon antigen encounter. These states are delineated by different cell surface markers for murine and human T cells, which hamper cross-species translation of T cell properties. We aimed to identify surface markers that reflect the graded nature of CD8+ T cell differentiation and delineate functionally comparable states in mice and humans. CITEseq analyses revealed that graded expression of CX3CR1, encoding the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, correlated with the CD8+ T cell differentiation gradient. CX3CR1 expression distinguished human and murine CD8+ and CD4+ T cell states, as defined by migratory and functional properties. Graded CX3CR1 expression, refined with CD62L, accurately captured the high-dimensional T cell differentiation continuum. Furthermore, the CX3CR1 expression gradient delineated states with comparable properties in humans and mice in steady state and on longitudinally tracked virus-specific CD8+ T cells in both species. Thus, graded CX3CR1 expression provides a strategy to translate the behavior of distinct T cell differentiation states across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonie Johan Zwijnenburg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jyoti Pokharel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaitė
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenning Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Hoffer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iman Shryki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ramirez Comet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ehrström
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Nordiska Kliniken, 11151 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Gerlach
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Ildefonso GV, Finley SD. A data-driven Boolean model explains memory subsets and evolution in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 37524735 PMCID: PMC10390540 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in a variety of immune responses, including infection and cancer. Upon stimulation, naïve CD8+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into a variety of memory and effector cell types; however, failure to clear antigens causes prolonged stimulation of CD8+ T cells, ultimately leading to T cell exhaustion (TCE). The functional and phenotypic changes that occur during CD8+ T cell differentiation are well characterized, but the underlying gene expression state changes are not completely understood. Here, we utilize a previously published data-driven Boolean model of gene regulatory interactions shown to mediate TCE. Our network analysis and modeling reveal the final gene expression states that correspond to TCE, along with the sequence of gene expression patterns that give rise to those final states. With a model that predicts the changes in gene expression that lead to TCE, we could evaluate strategies to inhibit the exhausted state. Overall, we demonstrate that a common pathway model of CD8+ T cell gene regulatory interactions can provide insights into the transcriptional changes underlying the evolution of cell states in TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena V Ildefonso
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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18
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Anderson ND, Birch J, Accogli T, Criado I, Khabirova E, Parks C, Wood Y, Young MD, Porter T, Richardson R, Albon SJ, Popova B, Lopes A, Wynn R, Hough R, Gohil SH, Pule M, Amrolia PJ, Behjati S, Ghorashian S. Transcriptional signatures associated with persisting CD19 CAR-T cells in children with leukemia. Nat Med 2023; 29:1700-1709. [PMID: 37407840 PMCID: PMC10353931 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of relapsed and refractory childhood pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL), CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells often induce durable remissions, which requires the persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we systematically analyzed CD19 CAR-T cells of 10 children with R/R B-ALL enrolled in the CARPALL trial via high-throughput single-cell gene expression and T cell receptor sequencing of infusion products and serial blood and bone marrow samples up to 5 years after infusion. We show that long-lived CAR-T cells developed a CD4/CD8 double-negative phenotype with an exhausted-like memory state and distinct transcriptional signature. This persistence signature was dominant among circulating CAR-T cells in all children with a long-lived treatment response for which sequencing data were sufficient (4/4, 100%). The signature was also present across T cell subsets and clonotypes, indicating that persisting CAR-T cells converge transcriptionally. This persistence signature was also detected in two adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with decade-long remissions who received a different CD19 CAR-T cell product. Examination of single T cell transcriptomes from a wide range of healthy and diseased tissues across children and adults indicated that the persistence signature may be specific to long-lived CAR-T cells. These findings raise the possibility that a universal transcriptional signature of clinically effective, persistent CD19 CAR-T cells exists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Birch
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Theo Accogli
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Richardson
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Albon
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Bilyana Popova
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Andre Lopes
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachael Hough
- Children and Young People's Cancer Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Satyen H Gohil
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Persis J Amrolia
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sara Ghorashian
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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20
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Wu JE, Manne S, Ngiow SF, Baxter AE, Huang H, Freilich E, Clark ML, Lee JH, Chen Z, Khan O, Staupe RP, Huang YJ, Shi J, Giles JR, Wherry EJ. In Vitro Modeling of CD8 T Cell Exhaustion Enables CRISPR Screening to Reveal a Role for BHLHE40. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537229. [PMID: 37131713 PMCID: PMC10153201 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying novel molecular mechanisms of exhausted CD8 T cells (T ex ) is a key goal of improving immunotherapy of cancer and other diseases. However, high-throughput interrogation of in vivo T ex can be costly and inefficient. In vitro models of T ex are easily customizable and quickly generate high cellular yield, offering an opportunity to perform CRISPR screening and other high-throughput assays. We established an in vitro model of chronic stimulation and benchmarked key phenotypic, functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic features against bona fide in vivo T ex . We leveraged this model of in vitro chronic stimulation in combination with pooled CRISPR screening to uncover transcriptional regulators of T cell exhaustion. This approach identified several transcription factors, including BHLHE40. In vitro and in vivo validation defined a role for BHLHE40 in regulating a key differentiation checkpoint between progenitor and intermediate subsets of T ex . By developing and benchmarking an in vitro model of T ex , we demonstrate the utility of mechanistically annotated in vitro models of T ex , in combination with high-throughput approaches, as a discovery pipeline to uncover novel T ex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Freilich
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan L. Clark
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanna H. Lee
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan P. Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present Address: Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui J. Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Makhijani P, Basso PJ, Chan YT, Chen N, Baechle J, Khan S, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer DA. Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128622. [PMID: 36992811 PMCID: PMC10040865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Baechle
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Stanford 1, 000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Pyrimidine de novo synthesis inhibition selectively blocks effector but not memory T cell development. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:501-515. [PMID: 36797499 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Blocking pyrimidine de novo synthesis by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is used to treat autoimmunity and prevent expansion of rapidly dividing cell populations including activated T cells. Here we show memory T cell precursors are resistant to pyrimidine starvation. Although the treatment effectively blocked effector T cells, the number, function and transcriptional profile of memory T cells and their precursors were unaffected. This effect occurred in a narrow time window in the early T cell expansion phase when developing effector, but not memory precursor, T cells are vulnerable to pyrimidine starvation. This vulnerability stems from a higher proliferative rate of early effector T cells as well as lower pyrimidine synthesis capacity when compared with memory precursors. This differential sensitivity is a drug-targetable checkpoint that efficiently diminishes effector T cells without affecting the memory compartment. This cell fate checkpoint might therefore lead to new methods to safely manipulate effector T cell responses.
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23
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Schaible P, Bethge W, Lengerke C, Haraszti RA. RNA Therapeutics for Improving CAR T-cell Safety and Efficacy. Cancer Res 2023; 83:354-362. [PMID: 36512627 PMCID: PMC7614194 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have recently emerged as potent tools in the fight against cancer, with promising therapeutic efficacy against hematological malignancies. However, several limitations hamper their widespread clinical use, including availability of target antigen, severe toxic effects, primary and secondary resistance, heterogeneous quality of autologous T cells, variable persistence, and low activity against solid tumors. Development of allogeneic off-the-shelf CAR T cells could help address some of these limitations but is impeded by alloimmunity with either rejection and limited expansion of allo-CAR T cells or CAR T cells versus host reactions. RNA therapeutics, such as small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, are able to silence transcripts in a sequence-specific and proliferation-sensitive way, which may offer a way to overcome some of the challenges facing CAR T-cell development and clinical utility. Here, we review how different RNA therapeutics or a combination of RNA therapeutics and genetic engineering could be harnessed to improve the safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schaible
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bethge
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reka Agnes Haraszti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Li M, Wang Y, Zhang L, Gao C, Li JJ, Jiang J, Zhu Q. Berberine improves central memory formation of CD8+ T cells: Implications for design of natural product-based vaccines. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2259-2268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
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25
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Abstract
T cells are one of few cell types in adult mammals that can proliferate extensively and differentiate diversely upon stimulation, which serves as an excellent example to dissect the metabolic basis of cell fate decisions. During the last decade, there has been an explosion of research into the metabolic control of T-cell responses. The roles of common metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, in T-cell responses have been well characterized, and their mechanisms of action are starting to emerge. In this review, we present several considerations for T-cell metabolism-focused research, while providing an overview of the metabolic control of T-cell fate decisions during their life journey. We try to synthesize principles that explain the causal relationship between cellular metabolism and T-cell fate decision. We also discuss key unresolved questions and challenges in targeting T-cell metabolism to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming O. Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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26
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Huseni MA, Wang L, Klementowicz JE, Yuen K, Breart B, Orr C, Liu LF, Li Y, Gupta V, Li C, Rishipathak D, Peng J, Şenbabaoǧlu Y, Modrusan Z, Keerthivasan S, Madireddi S, Chen YJ, Fraser EJ, Leng N, Hamidi H, Koeppen H, Ziai J, Hashimoto K, Fassò M, Williams P, McDermott DF, Rosenberg JE, Powles T, Emens LA, Hegde PS, Mellman I, Turley SJ, Wilson MS, Mariathasan S, Molinero L, Merchant M, West NR. CD8 + T cell-intrinsic IL-6 signaling promotes resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100878. [PMID: 36599350 PMCID: PMC9873827 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established as effective cancer therapies, overcoming therapeutic resistance remains a critical challenge. Here we identify interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a correlate of poor response to atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in large clinical trials of advanced kidney, breast, and bladder cancers. In pre-clinical models, combined blockade of PD-L1 and the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) causes synergistic regression of large established tumors and substantially improves anti-tumor CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses compared with anti-PD-L1 alone. Circulating CTLs from cancer patients with high plasma IL-6 display a repressed functional profile based on single-cell RNA sequencing, and IL-6-STAT3 signaling inhibits classical cytotoxic differentiation of CTLs in vitro. In tumor-bearing mice, CTL-specific IL6R deficiency is sufficient to improve anti-PD-L1 activity. Thus, based on both clinical and experimental evidence, agents targeting IL-6 signaling are plausible partners for combination with ICIs in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lifen Wang
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Kobe Yuen
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Li-Fen Liu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yijin Li
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Congfen Li
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jing Peng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Leng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - James Ziai
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Leisha A Emens
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Ira Mellman
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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27
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Application of ATAC-seq in tumor-specific T cell exhaustion. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1-10. [PMID: 35794339 PMCID: PMC9842510 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Researches show that chronic viral infection and persistent antigen and/or inflammatory signal exposure in cancer causes the functional status of T cells to be altered, mainly by major changes in the epigenetic and metabolic environment, which then leads to T cell exhaustion. The discovery of the immune checkpoint pathway is an important milestone in understanding and reversing T cell exhaustion. Antibodies targeting these pathways have shown superior ability to reverse T cell exhaustion. However, there are still some limitations in immune checkpoint blocking therapy, such as the short-term nature of therapeutic effects and high individual heterogeneity. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing(ATAC-seq) is a method used to analyze the accessibility of whole-genome chromatin. It uses hyperactive Tn5 transposase to assess chromatin accessibility. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported that ATAC-seq can be used to characterize the dynamic changes of epigenetics in the process of T cell exhaustion. It has been determined that immune checkpoint blocking can only temporarily restore the function of exhausted T cells because of an irreversible change in the epigenetics of exhausted T cells. In this study, we review the latest developments, which provide a clearer molecular understanding of T cell exhaustion, reveal potential new therapeutic targets for persistent viral infection and cancer, and provide new insights for designing effective immunotherapy for treating cancer and chronic infection.
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28
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Patel CH, Heikamp EB, Xu W, Sun IH, Oh MH, Sun IM, Wen J, Tam AJ, Blosser RL, Powell JD. Cutting Edge: mTORC2 Regulates CD8+ Effector and Memory T Cell Differentiation through Serum and Glucocorticoid Kinase 1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2287-2291. [PMID: 36469844 PMCID: PMC10065985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin is an essential regulator of T cell metabolism and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a downstream node of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 signaling, represses memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. During acute infections, murine SGK1-deficient CD8+ T cells adopt an early memory precursor phenotype leading to more long-lived memory T cells. Thus, SGK1-deficient CD8+ T cells demonstrate an enhanced recall capacity in response to reinfection and can readily reject tumors. Mechanistically, activation of SGK1-deficient CD8+ T cells results in decreased Foxo1 phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of Foxo1 to promote early memory development. Overall, SGK1 might prove to be a powerful target for enhancing the efficacy of vaccines and tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag H. Patel
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Current address: Calico LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080
- Equal contribution
| | - Emily B. Heikamp
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Wei Xu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Im-Hong Sun
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Im-Meng Sun
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ada J. Tam
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Richard L. Blosser
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Current address: Calico LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080
- Lead Contact
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29
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Almowallad S, Alqahtani LS, Mobashir M. NF-kB in Signaling Patterns and Its Temporal Dynamics Encode/Decode Human Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122012. [PMID: 36556376 PMCID: PMC9788026 DOI: 10.3390/life12122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Defects in signaling pathways are the root cause of many disorders. These malformations come in a wide variety of types, and their causes are also very diverse. Some of these flaws can be brought on by pathogenic organisms and viruses, many of which can obstruct signaling processes. Other illnesses are linked to malfunctions in the way that cell signaling pathways work. When thinking about how errors in signaling pathways might cause disease, the idea of signalosome remodeling is helpful. The signalosome may be conveniently divided into two types of defects: phenotypic remodeling and genotypic remodeling. The majority of significant illnesses that affect people, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and many types of mental illness, appear to be caused by minute phenotypic changes in signaling pathways. Such phenotypic remodeling modifies cell behavior and subverts normal cellular processes, resulting in illness. There has not been much progress in creating efficient therapies since it has been challenging to definitively confirm this connection between signalosome remodeling and illness. The considerable redundancy included into cell signaling systems presents several potential for developing novel treatments for various disease conditions. One of the most important pathways, NF-κB, controls several aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, is a key modulator of inflammatory reactions, and has been widely studied both from experimental and theoretical perspectives. NF-κB contributes to the control of inflammasomes and stimulates the expression of a number of pro-inflammatory genes, including those that produce cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB is essential for controlling innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells' survival, activation, and differentiation. As a result, aberrant NF-κB activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory illnesses. The activation and function of NF-κB in relation to inflammatory illnesses was covered here, and the advancement of treatment approaches based on NF-κB inhibition will be highlighted. This review presents the temporal behavior of NF-κB and its potential relevance in different human diseases which will be helpful not only for theoretical but also for experimental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Almowallad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (L.S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammad Mobashir
- SciLifeLab, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 1031, S-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Special Infectious Agents Unit—BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (L.S.A.); (M.M.)
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30
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Qin X, Wu F, Chen C, Li Q. Recent advances in CAR-T cells therapy for colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904137. [PMID: 36238297 PMCID: PMC9551069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, with a high mortality rate and a serious impact on people’s life and health. In recent years, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy has shown well efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but there are still many problems and challenges in solid tumors such as CRC. For example, the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the low targeting of CAR-T cells, the short time of CAR-T cells in vivo, and the limited proliferation capacity of CAR-T cells, CAR-T cells can not effectively infiltrate into the tumor and so on. New approaches have been proposed to address these challenges in CRC, and this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CAR-T cells therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qin
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fengjiao Wu
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li, ; Chang Chen,
| | - Qi Li
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li, ; Chang Chen,
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31
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Lai CY, Marcel N, Yaldiko AW, Delpoux A, Hedrick SM. A Bcl6 Intronic Element Regulates T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1118-1127. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In response to an intracellular infectious agent, the immune system produces a specific cellular response as well as a T cell–dependent Ab response. Precursor T cells differentiate into effector T cells, including Th1 cells, and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. The latter cooperate with B cells to form germinal centers and induce the formation of Ab-forming plasmacytes. One major focal point for control of T cell differentiation is the transcription factor BCL6. In this study, we demonstrated that the Bcl6 gene is regulated by FOXO1-binding, cis-acting sequences located in a highly conserved region of the first Bcl6 intron. In both mouse and human T cells, deletion of the tandem FOXO1 binding sites increased the expression of BCL6 and enhanced the proportion of TFH cells. These results reveal a fundamental control point for cellular versus humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yen Lai
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nimi Marcel
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Allen W. Yaldiko
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arnaud Delpoux
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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32
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Liu H, Wang X, Ding R, Jiao A, Zheng H, Zhang C, Feng Z, Su Y, Yang X, Lei L, Sun L, Zhang L, Sun C, Zhang B. The Transcription Factor Zfp335 Promotes Differentiation and Persistence of Memory CD8 +T Cells by Regulating TCF-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:886-895. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Kanbar JN, Ma S, Kim ES, Kurd NS, Tsai MS, Tysl T, Widjaja CE, Limary AE, Yee B, He Z, Hao Y, Fu XD, Yeo GW, Huang WJ, Chang JT. The long noncoding RNA Malat1 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation by mediating epigenetic repression. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211756. [PMID: 35593887 PMCID: PMC9127983 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During an immune response to microbial infection, CD8+ T cells give rise to short-lived effector cells and memory cells that provide sustained protection. Although the transcriptional programs regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation have been extensively characterized, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remains poorly understood. Using a functional genetic knockdown screen, we identified the lncRNA Malat1 as a regulator of terminal effector cells and the terminal effector memory (t-TEM) circulating memory subset. Evaluation of chromatin-enriched lncRNAs revealed that Malat1 grouped with trans lncRNAs that exhibit increased RNA interactions at gene promoters and gene bodies. Moreover, we observed that Malat1 was associated with increased H3K27me3 deposition at a number of memory cell-associated genes through a direct interaction with Ezh2, thereby promoting terminal effector and t-TEM cell differentiation. Our findings suggest an important functional role of Malat1 in regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation and broaden the knowledge base of lncRNAs in CD8+ T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad N. Kanbar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eleanor S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nadia S. Kurd
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew S. Tsai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tiffani Tysl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Abigail E. Limary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhaoren He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yajing Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wendy J. Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John T. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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Wu B, Zhang X, Chiang HC, Pan H, Yuan B, Mitra P, Qi L, Simonyan H, Young CN, Yvon E, Hu Y, Zhang N, Li R. RNA polymerase II pausing factor NELF in CD8 + T cells promotes antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2155. [PMID: 35444206 PMCID: PMC9021285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell factor 1 (TCF1) is required for memory and stem-like CD8+ T cell functions. How TCF1 partners with other transcription factors to regulate transcription remains unclear. Here we show that negative elongation factor (NELF), an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pausing factor, cooperates with TCF1 in T cell responses to cancer. Deletion of mouse Nelfb, which encodes the NELFB subunit, in mature T lymphocytes impairs immune responses to both primary tumor challenge and tumor antigen-mediated vaccination. Nelfb deletion causes more exhausted and reduced memory T cell populations, whereas its ectopic expression boosts antitumor immunity and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy. Mechanistically, NELF is associated with TCF1 and recruited preferentially to the enhancers and promoters of TCF1 target genes. Nelfb ablation reduces Pol II pausing and chromatin accessibility at these TCF1-associated loci. Our findings thus suggest an important and rate-limiting function of NELF in anti-tumor immunity. Negative elongation factor B (NELFB) is one of the four subunits of the NELF complex that controls RNA polymerase II pausing. Here the authors show that, by associating with the key T cell transcription factor TCF1, NELFB is required for eliciting CD8 + T cell memory and anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Haihui Pan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Payal Mitra
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Leilei Qi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hayk Simonyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Eric Yvon
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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35
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Tcf1 preprograms the mobilization of glycolysis in central memory CD8 + T cells during recall responses. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:386-398. [PMID: 35190717 PMCID: PMC8904300 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the heightened protection mediated by central memory CD8+ T (TCM) cells remain unclear. Here we show that the transcription factor Tcf1 was required in resting TCM cells to generate secondary effector CD8+ T cells and to clear pathogens during recall responses. Recall stimulation of CD8+ TCM cells caused extensive reprogramming of the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility, leading to rapid induction of glycolytic enzymes, cell cycle regulators and transcriptional regulators, including Id3. This cluster of genes did not require Tcf1 in resting CD8+ TCM cells, but depended on Tcf1 for optimal induction and chromatin opening in recall-stimulated CD8+ TCM cells. Tcf1 bound extensively to these recall-induced gene loci in resting CD8+ TCM cells and mediated chromatin interactions that positioned these genes in architectural proximity with poised enhancers. Thus, Tcf1 preprogramed a transcriptional program that supported the bioenergetic and proliferative needs of CD8+ TCM cells in case of a secondary challenge.
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36
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Wang SR, Hu RD, Ma M, You X, Cui H, He Y, Xu D, Zhao ZB, Selmi C, Eric Gershwin M, Li L, Lian ZX. FoxO1 suppresses IL-10 producing B cell differentiation via negatively regulating Blimp-1 expression and contributes to allergic asthma progression. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:459-470. [PMID: 35322189 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-10-producing B cells (B10) are involved in the prevention of autoimmune and allergic responses but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. We took advantage of the ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model to demonstrate that the activity of FoxO1 is upregulated in lung B cells and correlates inversely with B10 cells, while showing decreased activity in ex vivo and in vitro induced B10 cells. We further observed that FoxO1 deficiency leads to increased frequency of B10 cells. These observations have in vivo clinical evidence, as B cell specific FoxO1 deficiency leads to reduced lung eosinophils and asthma remission in mice, and there are reduced regulatory B cells and increased FoxO1 activity in B cells of asthma patients. Single cell RNA-sequencing data demonstrated a negative correlation between the expression of Foxo1 and Il10 in B cells from the mouse spleen and lung and the human lung. For a biological mechanism, FoxO1 inhibits the expression of Prdm1, which encodes Blimp-1, a transcription factor of B10 cells. Our experimental evidence in both murine and human asthma demonstrates that FoxO1 is a negative regulator of B10 cell differentiation via negatively regulating Prdm1 and its expression in B cells contributes to allergic asthma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Rong Wang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Dong Hu
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing You
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sicences, Guangzhou, China.
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37
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Dudek M, Lohr K, Donakonda S, Baumann T, Lüdemann M, Hegenbarth S, Dübbel L, Eberhagen C, Michailidou S, Yassin A, Prinz M, Popper B, Rose-John S, Zischka H, Knolle PA. IL-6-induced FOXO1 activity determines the dynamics of metabolism in CD8 T cells cross-primed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110389. [PMID: 35172161 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are liver-resident antigen (cross)-presenting cells that generate memory CD8 T cells, but metabolic properties of LSECs and LSEC-primed CD8 T cells remain understudied. Here, we report that high-level mitochondrial respiration and constitutive low-level glycolysis support LSEC scavenger and sentinel functions. LSECs fail to increase glycolysis and co-stimulation after TLR4 activation, indicating absence of metabolic and functional maturation compared with immunogenic dendritic cells. LSEC-primed CD8 T cells show a transient burst of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Mechanistically, co-stimulatory IL-6 signaling ensures high FOXO1 expression in LSEC-primed CD8 T cells, curtails metabolic activity associated with T cell activation, and is indispensable for T cell functionality after re-activation. Thus, distinct immunometabolic features characterize non-immunogenic LSECs compared with immunogenic dendritic cells and LSEC-primed CD8 T cells with memory features compared with effector CD8 T cells. This reveals local features of metabolism and function of T cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dudek
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Kerstin Lohr
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Tobias Baumann
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Max Lüdemann
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Silke Hegenbarth
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Lena Dübbel
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Center München, München, Germany
| | - Savvoula Michailidou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Abdallah Yassin
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology, Helmholtz Center München, München, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich site, München, Germany.
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38
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Wang Y, Tian Q, Hao Y, Yao W, Lu J, Chen C, Chen X, Lin Y, Huang Q, Xu L, Hu J, Lei S, Wei Z, Luo Y, Li Z, Hu L, Tang J, Wu Q, Zhou X, Wu Y, Yin Z, Xu J, Ye L. The kinase complex mTORC2 promotes the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4 + T cells by preventing ferroptosis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:303-317. [PMID: 34949833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells can persist and confer rapid and efficient protection from microbial reinfection. However, the mechanisms underlying the long-term maintenance of the memory CD4+ T cell pool remain largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we found that the serine/threonine kinase complex mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is critical for the long-term persistence of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells. The perturbation of mTORC2 signaling at memory phase led to an enormous loss of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by a unique form of regulated cell death (RCD), ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mTORC2 inactivation resulted in the impaired phosphorylation of downstream AKT and GSK3β kinases, which induced aberrant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ensuing ferroptosis-causative lipid peroxidation in virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells; furthermore, the disruption of this signaling cascade also inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a major scavenger of lipid peroxidation. Thus, the mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β axis functions as a key signaling hub to promote the longevity of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells by preventing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhao Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Lei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Wei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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39
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Gaur P, Mkrtichyan M, Verma V, Jafarzadeh N, Hattar M, Gupta S, Khleif SN. PI3K Isoforms in CD8 + T Cell Development and Function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:217-234. [PMID: 36243846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a vital role in defending against tumors and infections. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), especially class I, is involved in numerous interrelated signaling pathways which control CD8+ T cell development, maturation, migration, activation, and differentiation. While CD8+ T lymphocytes express all class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ), isoform-specific functions, especially for PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have not been fully elucidated. A few studies suggest the important role of p110δ and p110γ in CD8+ T cell activation, signaling, chemotaxis and function and several clinical trials are currently testing the effect of isoform-specific inhibitors in various types of cancers, including Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Peripheral T cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head & neck cancer, and breast cancer. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the roles of various PI3K isoforms and downstream signaling pathways in regulating CD8+ T cell fate, including cell proliferation, migration, and memory generation. We also discuss certain clinical trials employing PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy, their limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikayel Mkrtichyan
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nazli Jafarzadeh
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariana Hattar
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Gupta
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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40
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Ara A, Xu A, Ahmed KA, Leary SC, Islam MF, Wu Z, Chibbar R, Xiang J. The Energy Sensor AMPKα1 Is Critical in Rapamycin-Inhibition of mTORC1-S6K-Induced T-cell Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:37. [PMID: 35008461 PMCID: PMC8744613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy sensors mTORC1 and AMPKα1 regulate T-cell metabolism and differentiation, while rapamycin (Rapa)-inhibition of mTORC1 (RIM) promotes T-cell memory. However, the underlying pathway and the role of AMPKα1 in Rapa-induced T-cell memory remain elusive. Using genetic and pharmaceutical tools, we demonstrate that Rapa promotes T-cell memory in mice in vivo post Listeria monocytogenesis rLmOVA infection and in vitro transition of effector T (TE) to memory T (TM) cells. IL-2- and IL-2+Rapa-stimulated T [IL-2/T and IL-2(Rapa+)/T] cells, when transferred into mice, differentiate into short-term IL-7R-CD62L-KLRG1+ TE and long-lived IL-7R+CD62L+KLRG1- TM cells, respectively. To assess the underlying pathways, we performed Western blotting, confocal microscopy and Seahorse-assay analyses using IL-2/T and IL-2(Rapa+)/T-cells. We determined that IL-2(Rapa+)/T-cells activate transcription FOXO1, TCF1 and Eomes and metabolic pAMPKα1(T172), pULK1(S555) and ATG7 molecules and promote mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty-acid oxidation (FAO). We found that rapamycin-treated AMPKα-deficient AMPKα1-KO IL-2(Rapa+)/TM cells up-regulate transcription factor HIF-1α and induce a metabolic switch from FAO to glycolysis. Interestingly, despite the rapamycin treatment, AMPKα-deficient TM cells lost their cell survival capacity. Taken together, our data indicate that rapamycin promotes T-cell memory via transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Eomes programs and AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 metabolic axis, and that AMPKα1 plays a critical role in RIM-induced T-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuman Ara
- Cancer Research Cluster, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (A.A.); (A.X.); (M.F.I.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Aizhang Xu
- Cancer Research Cluster, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (A.A.); (A.X.); (M.F.I.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Scot C. Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Md. Fahmid Islam
- Cancer Research Cluster, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (A.A.); (A.X.); (M.F.I.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zhaojia Wu
- Cancer Research Cluster, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (A.A.); (A.X.); (M.F.I.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Jim Xiang
- Cancer Research Cluster, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (A.A.); (A.X.); (M.F.I.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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41
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Stairiker CJ, Pfister SX, Hendrickson E, Yang W, Xie T, Lee C, Zhang H, Dillon C, Thomas GD, Salek-Ardakani S. EZH2 Inhibition Compromises α4-1BB-Mediated Antitumor Efficacy by Reducing the Survival and Effector Programming of CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770080. [PMID: 34925340 PMCID: PMC8683156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors (EZH2i) are approved to treat certain cancer types. Previous studies have suggested the potential to combine EZH2i with immune checkpoint blockade targeting coinhibitory receptors like PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4, but whether it can also enhance the activity of agents targeting costimulatory receptors is not known. Here, we explore the combination between EZH2i and an agonist antibody targeting the T cell costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (α4-1BB). Our data show that EZH2i compromise the efficacy of α4-1BB in both CT26 colon carcinoma and in an in vivo protein immunization model. We link this to reduced effector survival and increased BIM expression in CD8+ T cells upon EZH2i treatment. These data support the requirement of EZH2 function in 4-1BB-mediated CD8+ T cell expansion and effector programming and emphasize the consideration that must be given when combining such antitumoral therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/immunology
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/agonists
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stairiker
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Xiao Pfister
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eleanore Hendrickson
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Computational Biology, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tao Xie
- Computational Biology, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Lee
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Dillon
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Graham D. Thomas
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
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42
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Li W, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Shi Y, Tian E, Zhu Y, Wang T, Dou W, Meng X, Chen M, Zhai B, Zhu D. Targeting Wnt Signaling in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Enhancing EpCAM CAR T-Cell therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724306. [PMID: 34790117 PMCID: PMC8591126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are still lacking viable treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise in hematologic malignancies, but their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We found that cancer antigen- EpCAM expression increased in the metastatic stage compared with the primary stage in cancers and the activation of Wnt and TGFβ pathways was positively correlated with EpCAM expression in multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer. We constructed CAR T cells targeting EpCAM that successfully showed selective cytotoxicity in highly EpCAM-expressing cancer cell lines. The combination of EpCAM CAR-T with the Wnt inhibitor-hsBCL9CT-24 displayed synergetic effect against EpCAM-positive colon cells in vitro and also in vivo. A mechanistic study showed that hsBCL9CT-24 treatment could modulate the tumor environment and improve infiltration of T cells, while possibly promoting the effector T cells at the early stages and postponing the exhaustion of CAR T cells at advanced stages. Overall, these results demonstrated that the combination of EpCAM CAR T-cell therapy with the Wnt inhibitor can overcome the limitations of CAR T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Taixing Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoping Shi
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enming Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Taixing Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cannons JL, Villarino AV, Kapnick SM, Preite S, Shih HY, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Kaul Z, Shibata H, Reilley JM, Huang B, Handon R, McBain IT, Gossa S, Wu T, Su HC, McGavern DB, O'Shea JJ, McGuire PJ, Uzel G, Schwartzberg PL. PI3Kδ coordinates transcriptional, chromatin, and metabolic changes to promote effector CD8 + T cells at the expense of central memory. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109804. [PMID: 34644563 PMCID: PMC8582080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) syndrome (APDS) present with sinopulmonary infections, lymphadenopathy, and cytomegalvirus (CMV) and/or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia, yet why patients fail to clear certain chronic viral infections remains incompletely understood. Using patient samples and a mouse model (Pik3cdE1020K/+ mice), we demonstrate that, upon activation, Pik3cdE1020K/+ CD8+ T cells exhibit exaggerated features of effector populations both in vitro and after viral infection that are associated with increased Fas-mediated apoptosis due to sustained FoxO1 phosphorylation and Fasl derepression, enhanced mTORC1 and c-Myc signatures, metabolic perturbations, and an altered chromatin landscape. Conversely, Pik3cdE1020K/+ CD8+ cells fail to sustain expression of proteins critical for central memory, including TCF1. Strikingly, activated Pik3cdE1020K/+ CD8+ cells exhibit altered transcriptional and epigenetic circuits characterized by pronounced interleukin-2 (IL-2)/STAT5 signatures and heightened IL-2 responses that prevent differentiation to memory-like cells in IL-15. Our data position PI3Kδ as integrating multiple signaling nodes that promote CD8+ T cell effector differentiation, providing insight into phenotypes of patients with APDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cannons
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Senta M Kapnick
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Silvia Preite
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julio Gomez-Rodriguez
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; TCR2 Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zenia Kaul
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie M Reilley
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robin Handon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian T McBain
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selamawit Gossa
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of Colorado, Department of Immunology, Denver, CO 80204, USA; Department of Immunology and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Helen C Su
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J McGuire
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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Lewis DA, Ly T. Cell Cycle Entry Control in Naïve and Memory CD8 + T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727441. [PMID: 34692683 PMCID: PMC8526999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play important roles in immunity and immuno-oncology. Upon antigen recognition and co-stimulation, naïve CD8+ T cells escape from dormancy to engage in a complex programme of cellular growth, cell cycle entry and differentiation, resulting in rapid proliferation cycles that has the net effect of producing clonally expanded, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). A fraction of activated T cells will re-enter dormancy by differentiating into memory T cells, which have essential roles in adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of cell cycle entry control in CD8+ T cells and crosstalk between these mechanisms and pathways regulating immunological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Lewis
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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45
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Escobar G, Mangani D, Anderson AC. T cell factor 1: A master regulator of the T cell response in disease. Sci Immunol 2021; 5:5/53/eabb9726. [PMID: 33158974 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have redefined a role for T cell factor 1 (TCF1) that goes beyond T cell development and T memory formation and encompasses new functions in the regulation of T cell biology. Here, we discuss the multifaceted and context-dependent role of TCF1 in peripheral T cells, particularly during disease-induced inflammatory states such as autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic infections. Understanding how TCF1 fine-tunes peripheral T cell biology holds the potential to tailor improved immune-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Escobar
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Davide Mangani
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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Xu T, Pereira RM, Martinez GJ. An Updated Model for the Epigenetic Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1497-1505. [PMID: 34493604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Naive CD8+ T cells, upon encountering their cognate Ag in vivo, clonally expand and differentiate into distinct cell fates, regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. Several models have been proposed to explain the differentiation of CTLs, although none fully recapitulate the experimental evidence. In this review article, we will summarize the latest research on the epigenetic regulation of CTL differentiation as well as provide a combined model that contemplates them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; and
| | - Renata M Pereira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; and
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47
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Jenkins MM, Bachus H, Botta D, Schultz MD, Rosenberg AF, León B, Ballesteros-Tato A. Lung dendritic cells migrate to the spleen to prime long-lived TCF1 hi memory CD8 + T cell precursors after influenza infection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg6895. [PMID: 34516781 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Jenkins
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Holly Bachus
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Davide Botta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael D Schultz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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48
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Milner JJ, Toma C, Quon S, Omilusik K, Scharping NE, Dey A, Reina-Campos M, Nguyen H, Getzler AJ, Diao H, Yu B, Delpoux A, Yoshida TM, Li D, Qi J, Vincek A, Hedrick SM, Egawa T, Zhou MM, Crotty S, Ozato K, Pipkin ME, Goldrath AW. Bromodomain protein BRD4 directs and sustains CD8 T cell differentiation during infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202512. [PMID: 34037670 PMCID: PMC8160575 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, pathogen-specific CD8 T cells differentiate into functionally diverse effector and memory T cell populations critical for resolving disease and providing durable immunity. Through small-molecule inhibition, RNAi studies, and induced genetic deletion, we reveal an essential role for the chromatin modifier and BET family member BRD4 in supporting the differentiation and maintenance of terminally fated effector CD8 T cells during infection. BRD4 bound diverse regulatory regions critical to effector T cell differentiation and controlled transcriptional activity of terminal effector-specific super-enhancers in vivo. Consequentially, induced deletion of Brd4 or small molecule-mediated BET inhibition impaired maintenance of a terminal effector T cell phenotype. BRD4 was also required for terminal differentiation of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment in murine models, which we show has implications for immunotherapies. Taken together, these data reveal an unappreciated requirement for BRD4 in coordinating activity of cis regulatory elements to control CD8 T cell fate and lineage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Milner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Clara Toma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kyla Omilusik
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nicole E. Scharping
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anup Dey
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongtuyet Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Adam J. Getzler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Huitian Diao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arnaud Delpoux
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tomomi M. Yoshida
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Vincek
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew E. Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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49
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Zhang J, Lyu T, Cao Y, Feng H. Role of TCF-1 in differentiation, exhaustion, and memory of CD8 + T cells: A review. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21549. [PMID: 33913198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002566r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) (encoded by the TCF7 gene) is a transcription factor that plays important role during the T cell development and differentiation for T cell to exercise its functions including producing memory T cells. Not only TCF-1 can modulate the T cell development but also exerts various effects on the differentiation and function of mature CD8+ T cells. In addition, it drives the production and maintenance of the immune response of CD8+ T cells after PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy. TCF-1 can serve as a potential target of immunotherapy and may provide promising novel treatment strategies for patients with cancer and infections. Moreover, TCF-1 is a potential biomarker of CD8+ T cell functionality to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in fighting against cancer and infections. Herein, we summarize the role of TCF-1 in T cell development and its applications in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Zhang
- The First Clinical Medicine Faculty, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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50
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Janneh AH, Kassir MF, Dwyer CJ, Chakraborty P, Pierce JS, Flume PA, Li H, Nadig SN, Mehrotra S, Ogretmen B. Alterations of lipid metabolism provide serologic biomarkers for the detection of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14232. [PMID: 34244584 PMCID: PMC8270895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic exerts a health care emergency around the world. The illness severity is heterogeneous. It is mostly unknown why some individuals who are positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies stay asymptomatic while others show moderate to severe disease symptoms. Reliable biomarkers for early detection of the disease are urgently needed to attenuate the virus's spread and help make early treatment decisions. Bioactive sphingolipids play a crucial role in the regulation of viral infections and pro-inflammatory responses involved in the severity of COVID-19. However, any roles of sphingolipids in COVID-19 development or detection remain unknown. In this study, lipidomics measurement of serum sphingolipids demonstrated that reduced sphingosine levels are highly associated with the development of symptomatic COVID-19 in the majority (99.24%) SARS-CoV-2-infected patients compared to asymptomatic counterparts. The majority of asymptomatic individuals (73%) exhibited increased acid ceramidase (AC) in their serum, measured by Western blotting, consistent with elevated sphingosine levels compared to SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative controls. AC protein was also reduced in almost all of the symptomatic patients' serum, linked to reduced sphingosine levels, measured in longitudinal acute or convalescent COVID-19 samples. Thus, reduced sphingosine levels provide a sensitive and selective serologic biomarker for the early identification of asymptomatic versus symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhaji H Janneh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal Kassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Connor J Dwyer
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jason S Pierce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Patrick A Flume
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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