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Coupland SE, Du MQ, Ferry JA, de Jong D, Khoury JD, Leoncini L, Naresh KN, Ott G, Siebert R, Xerri L. The fifth edition of the WHO classification of mature B-cell neoplasms: open questions for research. J Pathol 2024; 262:255-270. [PMID: 38180354 DOI: 10.1002/path.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO-HAEM5) is the product of an evidence-based evolution of the revised fourth edition with wide multidisciplinary consultation. Nonetheless, while every classification incorporates scientific advances and aims to improve upon the prior version, medical knowledge remains incomplete and individual neoplasms may not be easily subclassified in a given scheme. Thus, optimal classification requires ongoing study, and there are certain aspects of some entities and subtypes that require further refinements. In this review, we highlight a selection of these challenging areas to prompt more research investigations. These include (1) a 'placeholder term' of splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN) to accommodate many of the splenic lymphomas previously classified as hairy cell leukaemia variant and B-prolymphocytic leukaemia, a clear new start to define their pathobiology; (2) how best to classify BCL2 rearrangement negative follicular lymphoma including those with BCL6 rearrangement, integrating the emerging new knowledge on various germinal centre B-cell subsets; (3) what is the spectrum of non-IG gene partners of MYC translocation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma and how they impact MYC expression and clinical outcome; how best to investigate this in a routine clinical setting; and (4) how best to define high-grade B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and high-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberrations to distinguish them from their mimics and characterise their molecular pathogenetic mechanism. Addressing these questions would provide more robust evidence to better define these entities/subtypes, improve their diagnosis and/or prognostic stratification, leading to better patient care. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Coupland
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith A Ferry
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne de Jong
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Kikkeri N Naresh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Xerri
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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2
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Brauge B, Dessauge E, Creusat F, Tarte K. Modeling the crosstalk between malignant B cells and their microenvironment in B-cell lymphomas: challenges and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288110. [PMID: 38022603 PMCID: PMC10652758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms resulting from the clonal expansion of mature B cells arrested at various stages of differentiation. Specifically, two lymphoma subtypes arise from germinal centers (GCs), namely follicular lymphoma (FL) and GC B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL). In addition to recent advances in describing the genetic landscape of FL and GCB-DLBCL, tumor microenvironment (TME) has progressively emerged as a central determinant of early lymphomagenesis, subclonal evolution, and late progression/transformation. The lymphoma-supportive niche integrates a dynamic and coordinated network of immune and stromal cells defining microarchitecture and mechanical constraints and regulating tumor cell migration, survival, proliferation, and immune escape. Several questions are still unsolved regarding the interplay between lymphoma B cells and their TME, including the mechanisms supporting these bidirectional interactions, the impact of the kinetic and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor niche on B-cell heterogeneity, and how individual genetic alterations can trigger both B-cell intrinsic and B-cell extrinsic signals driving the reprogramming of non-malignant cells. Finally, it is not clear whether these interactions might promote resistance to treatment or, conversely, offer valuable therapeutic opportunities. A major challenge in addressing these questions is the lack of relevant models integrating tumor cells with specific genetic hits, non-malignant cells with adequate functional properties and organization, extracellular matrix, and biomechanical forces. We propose here an overview of the 3D in vitro models, xenograft approaches, and genetically-engineered mouse models recently developed to study GC B-cell lymphomas with a specific focus on the pros and cons of each strategy in understanding B-cell lymphomagenesis and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Brauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Dessauge
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, Univ Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
- SITI Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, Etablissement Français du sang, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
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3
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Giczewska A, Pastuszak K, Houweling M, Abdul KU, Faaij N, Wedekind L, Noske D, Wurdinger T, Supernat A, Westerman BA. Longitudinal drug synergy assessment using convolutional neural network image-decoding of glioblastoma single-spheroid cultures. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad134. [PMID: 38047207 PMCID: PMC10691443 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, drug combinations have become increasingly popular to improve therapeutic outcomes in various diseases, including difficult to cure cancers such as the brain cancer glioblastoma. Assessing the interaction between drugs over time is critical for predicting drug combination effectiveness and minimizing the risk of therapy resistance. However, as viability readouts of drug combination experiments are commonly performed as an endpoint where cells are lysed, longitudinal drug-interaction monitoring is currently only possible through combined endpoint assays. Methods We provide a method for massive parallel monitoring of drug interactions for 16 drug combinations in 3 glioblastoma models over a time frame of 18 days. In our assay, viabilities of single neurospheres are to be estimated based on image information taken at different time points. Neurosphere images taken on the final day (day 18) were matched to the respective viability measured by CellTiter-Glo 3D on the same day. This allowed to use of machine learning to decode image information to viability values on day 18 as well as for the earlier time points (on days 8, 11, and 15). Results Our study shows that neurosphere images allow us to predict cell viability from extrapolated viabilities. This enables to assess of the drug interactions in a time window of 18 days. Our results show a clear and persistent synergistic interaction for several drug combinations over time. Conclusions Our method facilitates longitudinal drug-interaction assessment, providing new insights into the temporal-dynamic effects of drug combinations in 3D neurospheres which can help to identify more effective therapies against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giczewska
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pastuszak
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Algorithms and System Modeling, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Megan Houweling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The WINDOW Consortium (www.window-consortium.org)
| | - Kulsoom U Abdul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The WINDOW Consortium (www.window-consortium.org)
| | - Noa Faaij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurine Wedekind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The WINDOW Consortium (www.window-consortium.org)
| | - Anna Supernat
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bart A Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The WINDOW Consortium (www.window-consortium.org)
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4
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Han G, Deng Q, Marques-Piubelli ML, Dai E, Dang M, Ma MCJ, Li X, Yang H, Henderson J, Kudryashova O, Meerson M, Isaev S, Kotlov N, Nomie KJ, Bagaev A, Parra ER, Solis Soto LM, Parmar S, Hagemeister FB, Ahmed S, Iyer SP, Samaniego F, Steiner R, Fayad L, Lee H, Fowler NH, Flowers CR, Strati P, Westin JR, Neelapu SS, Nastoupil LJ, Vega F, Wang L, Green MR. Follicular Lymphoma Microenvironment Characteristics Associated with Tumor Cell Mutations and MHC Class II Expression. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:428-443. [PMID: 35687817 PMCID: PMC9894575 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell malignancy with a complex tumor microenvironment that is rich in nonmalignant immune cells. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the diverse tumor and immune cell populations of FL and identified major phenotypic subsets of FL T cells, including a cytotoxic CD4 T-cell population. We characterized four major FL subtypes with differential representation or relative depletion of distinct T-cell subsets. By integrating exome sequencing, we observed that somatic mutations are associated with, but not definitive for, reduced MHC expression on FL cells. In turn, expression of MHCII genes by FL cells was associated with significant differences in the proportions and targetable immunophenotypic characteristics of T cells. This provides a classification framework of the FL microenvironment in association with FL genotypes and MHC expression, and informs different potential immunotherapeutic strategies based upon tumor cell MHCII expression. SIGNIFICANCE We have characterized the FL-infiltrating T cells, identified cytotoxic CD4 T cells as an important component that is associated with tumor cell-intrinsic characteristics, and identified sets of targetable immune checkpoints on T cells that differed from FLs with normal versus low MHC expression. See related commentary by Melnick, p. 374. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Minghao Dang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Man Chun John Ma
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haopeng Yang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jared Henderson
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edwin R. Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa M. Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simrit Parmar
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fredrick B. Hagemeister
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Swaminathan P. Iyer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raphael Steiner
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis Fayad
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan H. Fowler
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- BostonGene Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher R. Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason R. Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sattva S. Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Loretta J. Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R. Green
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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5
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Yang W, Zhang A, Han Y, Su X, Chen Y, Zhao W, Yang K, Jin W. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2b Controls Fibrosis and Functional Changes in Ischemia-Induced Heart Failure via the BMI1-p15-Rb Signalling Pathway. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:655-664. [PMID: 32428618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis is an important cause of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2b (CDKN2b) regulates the cell cycle by encoding the p15 protein and participates in the development of various tumours. However, the role of CDKN2b/p15 in cardiac fibrosis and HF after MI remains unclear. METHODS Lentivirus was used to induce the silence and overexpression of CDKN2b. Cardiac function was detected with the use of echocardiography. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, Cell Counting Kit 8, and wound healing assay were used to illustrate the potential mechanism associated with CDKN2b. RESULTS The p15 protein expression was significantly down-regulated in both human and mouse failing hearts. Cardiac down-regulation of CDKN2b promoted myocardial fibrosis and worsened cardiac function in MI mice, while systemic CDKN2b silencing induced diastolic dysfunction in vivo. In addition, cardiac overexpression of CDKN2b ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in MI mice. Mechanistically, silencing CDKN2b gene enhanced the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and reinforced the migration and proliferation capabilities of cardiac fibroblasts. B Lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1) was up-regulated in failing heart and inversely regulated the expression of CDKN2b/p15 and the phosphorylation of Rb protein. The BMI1-p15-Rb signalling pathway is a potential mechanism of ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis and HF. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac fibrosis and heart function could be worsened by the down-regulation and relieved by the up-regulation of CDKN2b/p15 in ischemia-induced HF via regulating the proliferation and migration capabilities of cardiac fibroblasts. These effects could be partially explained by the regulation of the BMI1-p15-Rb signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuxiu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Kirsch BJ, Chang SJ, Betenbaugh MJ, Le A. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:103-116. [PMID: 34014537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with different biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on the neoplastic histology and stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes on two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large-cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, the treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis, for which no standard approach exists [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael James Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Ramezani-Rad P, Chen C, Zhu Z, Rickert RC. Cyclin D3 Governs Clonal Expansion of Dark Zone Germinal Center B Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108403. [PMID: 33207194 PMCID: PMC7714654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) B cells surge in their proliferative capacity, which poses a direct risk for B cell malignancies. G1- to S-phase transition is dependent on the expression and stability of D-type cyclins. We show that cyclin D3 expression specifically regulates dark zone (DZ) GC B cell proliferation. B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation of GC B cells downregulates cyclin D3 but induces c-Myc, which subsequently requires cyclin D3 to exert GC expansion. Control of DZ proliferation requires degradation of cyclin D3, which is dependent on phosphorylation of residue Thr283 and can be bypassed by cyclin D3T283A hyperstabilization as observed in B cell lymphoma. Thereby, selected GC B cells in the light zone potentially require disengagement from BCR signaling to accumulate cyclin D3 and undergo clonal expansion in the DZ. Mutations of cyclin D3 occur in B cell lymphomas, which derive from highly proliferating germinal center (GC) B cells. Ramezani-Rad et al. show that cyclin D3 in GC B cells is controlled by B cell receptor signaling and is required for proliferation of dark zone GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Ramezani-Rad
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Cindi Chen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zilu Zhu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert C Rickert
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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8
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Parsa S, Ortega-Molina A, Ying HY, Jiang M, Teater M, Wang J, Zhao C, Reznik E, Pasion JP, Kuo D, Mohan P, Wang S, Camarillo JM, Thomas PM, Jain N, Garcia-Bermudez J, Cho BK, Tam W, Kelleher NL, Socci N, Dogan A, De Stanchina E, Ciriello G, Green MR, Li S, Birsoy K, Melnick AM, Wendel HG. The serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) initiates lymphoma development through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:653-664. [PMID: 33569544 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt their metabolic activities to support growth and proliferation. However, increased activity of metabolic enzymes is not usually considered an initiating event in the malignant process. Here, we investigate the possible role of the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) in lymphoma initiation. SHMT2 localizes to the most frequent region of copy number gains at chromosome 12q14.1 in lymphoma. Elevated expression of SHMT2 cooperates with BCL2 in lymphoma development; loss or inhibition of SHMT2 impairs lymphoma cell survival. SHMT2 catalyzes the conversion of serine to glycine and produces an activated one-carbon unit that can be used to support S-adenosyl methionine synthesis. SHMT2 induces changes in DNA and histone methylation patterns leading to promoter silencing of previously uncharacterized mutational genes, such as SASH1 and PTPRM. Together, our findings reveal that amplification of SHMT2 in cooperation with BCL2 is sufficient in the initiation of lymphomagenesis through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Parsa
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Ortega-Molina
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsia-Yuan Ying
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiahui Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joyce P Pasion
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kuo
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prathibha Mohan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shenqiu Wang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paul M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Byoung-Kyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Socci
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa De Stanchina
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Dheilly E, Battistello E, Katanayeva N, Sungalee S, Michaux J, Duns G, Wehrle S, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Mina M, Racle J, Farinha P, Coukos G, Gfeller D, Mottok A, Kridel R, Correia BE, Steidl C, Bassani-Sternberg M, Ciriello G, Zoete V, Oricchio E. Cathepsin S Regulates Antigen Processing and T Cell Activity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:674-689.e12. [PMID: 32330455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Genomic alterations in cancer cells can influence the immune system to favor tumor growth. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma, physiological interactions between B cells and the germinal center microenvironment are coopted to sustain cancer cell proliferation. We found that follicular lymphoma patients harbor a recurrent hotspot mutation targeting tyrosine 132 (Y132D) in cathepsin S (CTSS) that enhances protein activity. CTSS regulates antigen processing and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Loss of CTSS activity reduces lymphoma growth by limiting communication with CD4+ T follicular helper cells while inducing antigen diversification and activation of CD8+ T cells. Overall, our results suggest that CTSS inhibition has non-redundant therapeutic potential to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in indolent and aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Dheilly
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Elena Battistello
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Katanayeva
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Sungalee
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Justine Michaux
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerben Duns
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Wehrle
- Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Mina
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George Coukos
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | | | - Bruno E Correia
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Molecular Modeling Group, SIB, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland.
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10
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Carbone A, Roulland S, Gloghini A, Younes A, von Keudell G, López-Guillermo A, Fitzgibbon J. Follicular lymphoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:83. [PMID: 31831752 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a systemic neoplasm of the lymphoid tissue displaying germinal centre (GC) B cell differentiation. FL represents ~5% of all haematological neoplasms and ~20-25% of all new non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnoses in western countries. Tumorigenesis starts in precursor B cells and becomes full-blown tumour when the cells reach the GC maturation step. FL is preceded by an asymptomatic preclinical phase in which premalignant B cells carrying a t(14;18) chromosomal translocation accumulate additional genetic alterations, although not all of these cells progress to the tumour phase. FL is an indolent lymphoma with largely favourable outcomes, although a fraction of patients is at risk of disease progression and adverse outcomes. Outcomes for FL in the rituximab era are encouraging, with ~80% of patients having an overall survival of >10 years. Patients with relapsed FL have a wide range of treatment options, including several chemoimmunotherapy regimens, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, and lenalidomide plus rituximab. Promising new treatment approaches include epigenetic therapeutics and immune approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. The identification of patients at high risk who require alternative therapies to the current standard of care is a growing need that will help direct clinical trial research. This Primer discusses the epidemiology of FL, its molecular and cellular pathogenesis and its diagnosis, classification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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Zhu Z, Li T, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhu D, Lin P, Tu S, Ren W. Molecular and clinical progress in follicular lymphoma lacking the t(14;18) translocation (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 56:7-17. [PMID: 31789408 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) harbor the t(14;18)(q32;q21) IGH/BCL2 gene rearrangement that leads to the overexpression of BCL2 protein, approximately 20% of FL cases lack t(14;18)(q32;q21). It is considered that BCL2 overexpression underscores the development of the majority of cases of FL and their transformation to more aggressive lymphoma [known as transformed FL (tFL)]. However, FL cases lacking the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation exhibit symptoms analogous to their t(14;18)‑positive counterparts. An important goal of recent research on FL has been to clarify the distinctions between the two different forms of FL. Numerous studies have shed light onto the genetic and molecular features of t(14;18)‑negative FL and the related clinical manifestations. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of t(14;18)‑negative FL occurring in the lymph nodes with an emphasis on the underlying molecular and clinical features. In addition, novel treatment directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunmin Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Renmin Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhenzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Zhang
- Immunology Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Zhengzhou Shenyou Biotechnology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shichun Tu
- Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy Research, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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12
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Jang Y, Seo J, Jang I, Lee B, Kim S, Lee S. CaPSSA: visual evaluation of cancer biomarker genes for patient stratification and survival analysis using mutation and expression data. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:5341-5343. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSummaryPredictive biomarkers for patient stratification play critical roles in realizing the paradigm of precision medicine. Molecular characteristics such as somatic mutations and expression signatures represent the primary source of putative biomarker genes for patient stratification. However, evaluation of such candidate biomarkers is still cumbersome and requires multistep procedures especially when using massive public omics data. Here, we present an interactive web application that divides patients from large cohorts (e.g. The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) dynamically into two groups according to the mutation, copy number variation or gene expression of query genes. It further supports users to examine the prognostic value of resulting patient groups based on survival analysis and their association with the clinical features as well as the previously annotated molecular subtypes, facilitated with a rich and interactive visualization. Importantly, we also support custom omics data with clinical information.Availability and implementationCaPSSA (Cancer Patient Stratification and Survival Analysis) runs on a web-browser and is freely available without restrictions at http://www.kobic.re.kr/capssa/. The source code is available on https://github.com/yjjang/capssa.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjun Jang
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihae Seo
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Insu Jang
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byungwook Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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13
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Donaldson-Collier MC, Sungalee S, Zufferey M, Tavernari D, Katanayeva N, Battistello E, Mina M, Douglass KM, Rey T, Raynaud F, Manley S, Ciriello G, Oricchio E. EZH2 oncogenic mutations drive epigenetic, transcriptional, and structural changes within chromatin domains. Nat Genet 2019; 51:517-528. [PMID: 30692681 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is organized into topologically associating domains (TADs) enriched in distinct histone marks. In cancer, gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 protein (EZH2) lead to a genome-wide increase in histone-3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) associated with transcriptional repression. However, the effects of these epigenetic changes on the structure and function of chromatin domains have not been explored. Here, we found a functional interplay between TADs and epigenetic and transcriptional changes mediated by mutated EZH2. Altered EZH2 (p.Tyr646* (EZH2Y646X)) led to silencing of entire domains, synergistically inactivating multiple tumor suppressors. Intra-TAD gene silencing was coupled with changes of interactions between gene promoter regions. Notably, gene expression and chromatin interactions were restored by pharmacological inhibition of EZH2Y646X. Our results indicate that EZH2Y646X alters the topology and function of chromatin domains to promote synergistic oncogenic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Donaldson-Collier
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Sungalee
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Zufferey
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Katanayeva
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Battistello
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Mina
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle M Douglass
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timo Rey
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Raynaud
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Identification of novel mutational drivers reveals oncogene dependencies in multiple myeloma. Blood 2018; 132:587-597. [PMID: 29884741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-840132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the profile of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations with their interactions and impact on the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) can improve the definition of disease subsets and identify pathways important in disease pathobiology. Using integrated genomics of 1273 newly diagnosed patients with MM, we identified 63 driver genes, some of which are novel, including IDH1, IDH2, HUWE1, KLHL6, and PTPN11 Oncogene mutations are significantly more clonal than tumor suppressor mutations, indicating they may exert a bigger selective pressure. Patients with more driver gene abnormalities are associated with worse outcomes, as are identified mechanisms of genomic instability. Oncogenic dependencies were identified between mutations in driver genes, common regions of copy number change, and primary translocation and hyperdiploidy events. These dependencies included associations with t(4;14) and mutations in FGFR3, DIS3, and PRKD2; t(11;14) with mutations in CCND1 and IRF4; t(14;16) with mutations in MAF, BRAF, DIS3, and ATM; and hyperdiploidy with gain 11q, mutations in FAM46C, and MYC rearrangements. These associations indicate that the genomic landscape of myeloma is predetermined by the primary events upon which further dependencies are built, giving rise to a nonrandom accumulation of genetic hits. Understanding these dependencies may elucidate potential evolutionary patterns and lead to better treatment regimens.
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15
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Oricchio E, Katanayeva N, Donaldson MC, Sungalee S, Pasion JP, Béguelin W, Battistello E, Sanghvi VR, Jiang M, Jiang Y, Teater M, Parmigiani A, Budanov AV, Chan FC, Shah SP, Kridel R, Melnick AM, Ciriello G, Wendel HG. Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of SESTRIN1 controls mTORC1 and response to EZH2 inhibition in follicular lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/396/eaak9969. [PMID: 28659443 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an incurable form of B cell lymphoma. Genomic studies have cataloged common genetic lesions in FL such as translocation t(14;18), frequent losses of chromosome 6q, and mutations in epigenetic regulators such as EZH2 Using a focused genetic screen, we identified SESTRIN1 as a relevant target of the 6q deletion and demonstrate tumor suppression by SESTRIN1 in vivo. Moreover, SESTRIN1 is a direct target of the lymphoma-specific EZH2 gain-of-function mutation (EZH2Y641X ). SESTRIN1 inactivation disrupts p53-mediated control of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and enables mRNA translation under genotoxic stress. SESTRIN1 loss represents an alternative to RRAGC mutations that maintain mTORC1 activity under nutrient starvation. The antitumor efficacy of pharmacological EZH2 inhibition depends on SESTRIN1, indicating that mTORC1 control is a critical function of EZH2 in lymphoma. Conversely, EZH2Y641X mutant lymphomas show increased sensitivity to RapaLink-1, a bifunctional mTOR inhibitor. Hence, SESTRIN1 contributes to the genetic and epigenetic control of mTORC1 in lymphoma and influences responses to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Natalya Katanayeva
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Christine Donaldson
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Sungalee
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joyce P Pasion
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Battistello
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viraj R Sanghvi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anita Parmigiani
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fong Chun Chan
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sohrab P Shah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Kridel
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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Kirsch BJ, Chang SJ, Le A. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:95-106. [PMID: 29946778 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with differing biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on neoplastic histology and the stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes in two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when the cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis for which no standard approach exists [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2017; 31:2-14. [PMID: 29452662 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is presented as a germinal centre B cell lymphoma that is characterized by an indolent clinical course, but remains - paradoxically - largely incurable to date. The last years have seen significant progress in our understanding of FL lymphomagenesis, which is a multi-step process beginning in the bone marrow with the hallmark t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation. The pathobiology of FL is complex and combines broad somatic changes at the level of both the genome and the epigenome, the latter evidenced by highly recurrent mutations in chromatin-modifying genes such as KMT2D and CREBBP. While the importance of the FL microenvironment has since long been well understood, it has become evident that somatic lesions within tumour cells re-educate normal immune and stromal cells to their advantage. Enhanced understanding of FL pathogenesis is currently leading to refined therapeutic targeting of perturbed biology, paving the way for precision medicine in this lymphoma subtype.
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18
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Horton SJ, Giotopoulos G, Yun H, Vohra S, Sheppard O, Bashford-Rogers R, Rashid M, Clipson A, Chan WI, Sasca D, Yiangou L, Osaki H, Basheer F, Gallipoli P, Burrows N, Erdem A, Sybirna A, Foerster S, Zhao W, Sustic T, Petrunkina Harrison A, Laurenti E, Okosun J, Hodson D, Wright P, Smith KG, Maxwell P, Fitzgibbon J, Du MQ, Adams DJ, Huntly BJP. Early loss of Crebbp confers malignant stem cell properties on lymphoid progenitors. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1093-1104. [PMID: 28825697 PMCID: PMC5633079 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein, binding protein (CREBBP) are prevalent in lymphoid malignancies. However, the tumour suppressor functions of CREBBP remain unclear. We demonstrate that loss of Crebbp in murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to increased development of B-cell lymphomas. This is preceded by accumulation of hyperproliferative lymphoid progenitors with a defective DNA damage response (DDR) due to a failure to acetylate p53. We identify a premalignant lymphoma stem cell population with decreased H3K27ac, which undergoes transcriptional and genetic evolution due to the altered DDR, resulting in lymphomagenesis. Importantly, when Crebbp is lost later in lymphopoiesis, cellular abnormalities are lost and tumour generation is attenuated. We also document that CREBBP mutations may occur in HSPCs from patients with CREBBP-mutated lymphoma. These data suggest that earlier loss of Crebbp is advantageous for lymphoid transformation and inform the cellular origins and subsequent evolution of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Horton
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Shabana Vohra
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rachael Bashford-Rogers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wai-In Chan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hikari Osaki
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Sarah Foerster
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tonci Sustic
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Daniel Hodson
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken G Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Patrick Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ming Q Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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19
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Mina M, Raynaud F, Tavernari D, Battistello E, Sungalee S, Saghafinia S, Laessle T, Sanchez-Vega F, Schultz N, Oricchio E, Ciriello G. Conditional Selection of Genomic Alterations Dictates Cancer Evolution and Oncogenic Dependencies. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:155-168.e6. [PMID: 28756993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer evolves through the emergence and selection of molecular alterations. Cancer genome profiling has revealed that specific events are more or less likely to be co-selected, suggesting that the selection of one event depends on the others. However, the nature of these evolutionary dependencies and their impact remain unclear. Here, we designed SELECT, an algorithmic approach to systematically identify evolutionary dependencies from alteration patterns. By analyzing 6,456 genomes from multiple tumor types, we constructed a map of oncogenic dependencies associated with cellular pathways, transcriptional readouts, and therapeutic response. Finally, modeling of cancer evolution shows that alteration dependencies emerge only under conditional selection. These results provide a framework for the design of strategies to predict cancer progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mina
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Raynaud
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Battistello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Sungalee
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Saghafinia
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Titouan Laessle
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Ramezani-Rad P, Rickert RC. Murine models of germinal center derived-lymphomas. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 45:31-36. [PMID: 28160624 PMCID: PMC5449224 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction is an adaptive immune response to select B cells bearing high-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) to undergo further differentiation into antibody-producing cells or memory B cells. To drive affinity maturation, (GC) B cells undergo rounds of hypermutation and rapid proliferation, which can enhance susceptibility to malignant transformation. Lymphomas frequently originate from GC B cells, but the etiology for most lymphoma subtypes is unknown. Work in the past decade has more fully documented the mutational landscape in lymphomas, but the impact of these genomic lesions is often difficult to ascertain. In addition, while mutations affecting BCR signaling are well studied, the impact of extrinsic microenvironmental factors has not been widely addressed. Murine models are useful tools to study lymphomagenesis and disease progression, as well as potential treatment in a pre-clinical setting. Herein we discuss advances in murine models of lymphoma and how they inform on key characteristics of human lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Ramezani-Rad
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Robert C Rickert
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Boice M, Salloum D, Mourcin F, Sanghvi V, Amin R, Oricchio E, Jiang M, Mottok A, Denis-Lagache N, Ciriello G, Tam W, Teruya-Feldstein J, de Stanchina E, Chan WC, Malek SN, Ennishi D, Brentjens RJ, Gascoyne RD, Cogné M, Tarte K, Wendel HG. Loss of the HVEM Tumor Suppressor in Lymphoma and Restoration by Modified CAR-T Cells. Cell 2016; 167:405-418.e13. [PMID: 27693350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The HVEM (TNFRSF14) receptor gene is among the most frequently mutated genes in germinal center lymphomas. We report that loss of HVEM leads to cell-autonomous activation of B cell proliferation and drives the development of GC lymphomas in vivo. HVEM-deficient lymphoma B cells also induce a tumor-supportive microenvironment marked by exacerbated lymphoid stroma activation and increased recruitment of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. These changes result from the disruption of inhibitory cell-cell interactions between the HVEM and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) receptors. Accordingly, administration of the HVEM ectodomain protein (solHVEM(P37-V202)) binds BTLA and restores tumor suppression. To deliver solHVEM to lymphomas in vivo, we engineered CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that produce solHVEM locally and continuously. These modified CAR-T cells show enhanced therapeutic activity against xenografted lymphomas. Hence, the HVEM-BTLA axis opposes lymphoma development, and our study illustrates the use of CAR-T cells as "micro-pharmacies" able to deliver an anti-cancer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boice
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darin Salloum
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederic Mourcin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Viraj Sanghvi
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rada Amin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL SV-Batiment 19, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anja Mottok
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Denis-Lagache
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sami N Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michel Cogné
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aggressive transformation, a frequent event in the natural history of follicular lymphoma, is associated with increased lymphoma-related mortality and yet the underlying biology remains poorly defined. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis and evolutionary process leading to transformation. RECENT FINDINGS Both the antecedent indolent and transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) arise through branched divergent evolution with tumors emerging from a founder precursor population, the common progenitor cell. Although the majority of tFLs maintain a germinal center B-cell gene expression signature, an activated B-cell-type (ABC-type) profile appears to predominate in BCL2-translocation negative cases. It does not appear that a single unifying genetic or epigenetic event promotes a fitter and more aggressive clone. SUMMARY Transformed follicular tumors are genetically heterogeneous perhaps reflecting the varying clinical behavior and outcomes of this disease event. Follicular lymphoma and tFL remain incurable tumors highlighted by our inability to eradicate the founder common progenitor cell population with current therapies. Progress has now been made in defining the genetic events and evolutionary pathways responsible for transformation. Although more research is required in predicting and understanding the biology of transformation, there are opportunities to improve outcomes by preferentially directing targeted therapies toward 'actionable' early and transformation-specific aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Okosun
- aCentre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute bDepartment of Haemato-oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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23
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Ying ZX, Jin M, Peterson LF, Bernard D, Saiya-Cork K, Yildiz M, Wang S, Kaminski MS, Chang AE, Klionsky DJ, Malek SN. Recurrent Mutations in the MTOR Regulator RRAGC in Follicular Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5383-5393. [PMID: 27267853 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to further our understanding of the biological and genetic basis of follicular lymphoma and to identify potential novel therapy targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed previously generated whole exome sequencing data of 23 follicular lymphoma cases and one transformed follicular lymphoma case and expanded findings to a combined total of 125 follicular lymphoma/3 transformed follicular lymphoma. We modeled the three-dimensional location of RRAGC-associated hotspot mutations. We performed functional studies on novel RRAGC mutants in stable retrovirally transduced HEK293T cells, stable lentivirally transduced lymphoma cell lines, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RESULTS: We report recurrent mutations, including multiple amino acid hotspots, in the small G-protein RRAGC, which is part of a protein complex that signals intracellular amino acid concentrations to MTOR, in 9.4% of follicular lymphoma cases. Mutations in RRAGC distinctly clustered on one protein surface area surrounding the GTP/GDP-binding sites. Mutated RRAGC proteins demonstrated increased binding to RPTOR (raptor) and substantially decreased interactions with the product of the tumor suppressor gene FLCN (folliculin). In stable retrovirally transfected 293T cells, cultured in the presence or absence of leucine, multiple RRAGC mutations demonstrated elevated MTOR activation as evidenced by increased RPS6KB/S6-kinase phosphorylation. Similar activation phenotypes were uncovered in yeast engineered to express mutations in the RRAGC homolog Gtr2 and in multiple lymphoma cell lines expressing HA-tagged RRAGC-mutant proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our discovery of activating mutations in RRAGC in approximately 10% of follicular lymphoma provides the mechanistic rationale to study mutational MTOR activation and MTOR inhibition as a potential novel actionable therapeutic target in follicular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5383-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiao Ying
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meiyan Jin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Denzil Bernard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kamlai Saiya-Cork
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark S Kaminski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sami N Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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24
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Richards KL, Suter SE. Man's best friend: what can pet dogs teach us about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Immunol Rev 2015; 263:173-91. [PMID: 25510277 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are essential for understanding lymphoma biology and testing new treatments prior to human studies. Spontaneously arising lymphomas in pet dogs represent an underutilized resource that could be used to complement current mouse lymphoma models, which do not adequately represent all aspects of the human disease. Canine lymphoma resembles human lymphoma in many important ways, including characteristic translocations and molecular abnormalities and similar therapeutic responses to chemotherapy, radiation, and newer targeted therapies (e.g. ibrutinib). Given the large number of pet dogs and high incidence of lymphoma, particularly in susceptible breeds, dogs represent a largely untapped resource for advancing the understanding and treatment of human lymphoma. This review highlights similarities in molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes between human and canine lymphoma. It also describes resources that are currently available to study canine lymphoma, advantages to be gained by exploiting the genetic breed structure in dogs, and current and future challenges and opportunities to take full advantage of this resource for lymphoma studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Richards
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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25
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Knappskog S, Berge EO, Chrisanthar R, Geisler S, Staalesen V, Leirvaag B, Yndestad S, de Faveri E, Karlsen BO, Wedge DC, Akslen LA, Lilleng PK, Løkkevik E, Lundgren S, Østenstad B, Risberg T, Mjaaland I, Aas T, Lønning PE. Concomitant inactivation of the p53- and pRB- functional pathways predicts resistance to DNA damaging drugs in breast cancer in vivo. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1553-64. [PMID: 26004085 PMCID: PMC5528784 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the main obstacle to cancer cure. Contrasting studies focusing on single gene mutations, we hypothesize chemoresistance to be due to inactivation of key pathways affecting cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis, senescence, or DNA repair. In support of this hypothesis, we have previously shown inactivation of either TP53 or its key activators CHK2 and ATM to predict resistance to DNA damaging drugs in breast cancer better than TP53 mutations alone. Further, we hypothesized that redundant pathway(s) may compensate for loss of p53‐pathway signaling and that these are inactivated as well in resistant tumour cells. Here, we assessed genetic alterations of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) and its key regulators: Cyclin D and E as well as their inhibitors p16 and p27. In an exploratory cohort of 69 patients selected from two prospective studies treated with either doxorubicin monotherapy or 5‐FU and mitomycin for locally advanced breast cancers, we found defects in the pRB‐pathway to be associated with therapy resistance (p‐values ranging from 0.001 to 0.094, depending on the cut‐off value applied to p27 expression levels). Although statistically weaker, we observed confirmatory associations in a validation cohort from another prospective study (n = 107 patients treated with neoadjuvant epirubicin monotherapy; p‐values ranging from 7.0 × 10−4 to 0.001 in the combined data sets). Importantly, inactivation of the p53‐and the pRB‐pathways in concert predicted resistance to therapy more strongly than each of the two pathways assessed individually (exploratory cohort: p‐values ranging from 3.9 × 10−6 to 7.5 × 10−3 depending on cut‐off values applied to ATM and p27 mRNA expression levels). Again, similar findings were confirmed in the validation cohort, with p‐values ranging from 6.0 × 10−7 to 6.5 × 10−5 in the combined data sets. Our findings strongly indicate that concomitant inactivation of the p53‐ and pRB‐ pathways predict resistance towards anthracyclines and mitomycin in breast cancer in vivo. Alterations of pRB's upstream regulators may substitute for RB1 mutations. The pRB‐pathway may direct response to chemotherapy. Inactivation of the p53‐and the pRB‐pathways predict resistance to chemotherapy. Concomitant p53‐and pRB‐pathway inactivation is a strong resistance predictor. Concomitant p53‐and pRB‐pathway inactivation predicts poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elisabet O Berge
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ranjan Chrisanthar
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Geisler
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar Staalesen
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beryl Leirvaag
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synnøve Yndestad
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise de Faveri
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bård O Karlsen
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David C Wedge
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peer K Lilleng
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Løkkevik
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Lundgren
- Department of Oncology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Østenstad
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Risberg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Mjaaland
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Turid Aas
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per E Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Li L, Pongtornpipat P, Tiutan T, Kendrick SL, Park S, Persky DO, Rimsza LM, Puvvada SD, Schatz JH. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in high-risk DLBCL by BCL2 inhibition with ABT-199 combined with pharmacologic loss of MCL1. Leukemia 2015; 29:1702-12. [PMID: 25882699 PMCID: PMC4526343 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Better treatments are needed for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) at high risk of failing standard therapy. Avoiding apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, and in DLBCL the redundantly functioning anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and MCL1 are frequently expressed. Here, we explore drugs that cause loss of MCL1, particularly the potent new cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib, which knocks down MCL1 by inhibiting CDK9. Dinaciclib induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells but is completely overcome by increased activity of BCL2. We find clinical samples have frequent co-expression of MCL1 and BCL2, suggesting therapeutic strategies targeting only one will lead to treatment failures due to activity of the other. The BH3 mimetic ABT-199 potently and specifically targets BCL2. Single-agent ABT-199 had modest anti-tumor activity against most DLBCL lines and resulted in compensatory up-regulation of MCL1 expression. ABT-199 synergized strongly, however, when combined with dinaciclib and with other drugs affecting MCL1, including standard DLBCL chemotherapy drugs. We show potent anti-tumor activities of these combinations in xenografts and in a genetically accurate murine model of MYC-BCL2 double-hit lymphoma. In sum, we reveal a rational treatment paradigm to strip DLBCL of its protection from apoptosis and improve outcomes for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - P Pongtornpipat
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T Tiutan
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S L Kendrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D O Persky
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L M Rimsza
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S D Puvvada
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J H Schatz
- 1] Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA [3] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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27
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Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma. The vast majority of cases are associated with the chromosome translocation t(14;18), a somatic rearrangement that leads to constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein. Although t(14;18) clearly represents an important early event in FL pathogenesis, abundant evidence indicates that it is not sufficient. In particular, the recent application of next-generation DNA sequencing technology has uncovered numerous recurrent somatic genomic alterations associated with FL, most of which affect tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In this article we review the existing literature on TSGs involved in the development and progression of FL. We consider the genes that are most frequently targeted by deleterious mutation, deletion or epigenetic silencing, along with strategies for developing new treatments that exploit the susceptibilities that may be conferred on lymphoma cells by the loss of particular TSGs.
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28
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Oricchio E, Wendel HG. Genomic studies indicate a novel combination therapy for follicular lymphoma. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 8:e969640. [PMID: 35419485 PMCID: PMC8997257 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.969640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an incurable form of B-cell lymphoma. Genomic alterations that inactivate RB signaling are surprisingly common in indolent FL. We show that FLs that are positive for phosphorylated RB respond to dual CDK4/BCL2 inhibition. Our results imply that RB phosphorylation identifies patients likely to benefit from such dual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oricchio
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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29
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New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from June–August 2014. J Hematop 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-014-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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