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Kotagiri P, Mescia F, Hanson AL, Turner L, Bergamaschi L, Peñalver A, Richoz N, Moore SD, Ortmann BM, Dunmore BJ, Morgan MD, Tuong ZK, Göttgens B, Toshner M, Hess C, Maxwell PH, Clatworthy MR, Nathan JA, Bradley JR, Lyons PA, Burrows N, Smith KGC. The impact of hypoxia on B cells in COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103878. [PMID: 35189575 PMCID: PMC8856886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prominent early features of COVID-19 include severe, often clinically silent, hypoxia and a pronounced reduction in B cells, the latter important in defence against SARS-CoV-2. This presentation resembles the phenotype of mice with VHL-deficient B cells, in which Hypoxia-Inducible Factors are constitutively active, suggesting hypoxia might drive B cell abnormalities in COVID-19. METHODS Detailed B cell phenotyping was undertaken by flow-cytometry on longitudinal samples from patients with COVID-19 across a range of severities (NIHR Cambridge BioResource). The impact of hypoxia on the transcriptome was assessed by single-cell and whole blood RNA sequencing analysis. The direct effect of hypoxia on B cells was determined through immunisation studies in genetically modified and hypoxia-exposed mice. FINDINGS We demonstrate the breadth of early and persistent defects in B cell subsets in moderate/severe COVID-19, including reduced marginal zone-like, memory and transitional B cells, changes also observed in B cell VHL-deficient mice. These findings were associated with hypoxia-related transcriptional changes in COVID-19 patient B cells, and similar B cell abnormalities were seen in mice kept in hypoxic conditions. INTERPRETATION Hypoxia may contribute to the pronounced and persistent B cell pathology observed in acute COVID-19 pneumonia. Assessment of the impact of early oxygen therapy on these immune defects should be considered, as their correction could contribute to improved outcomes. FUNDING Evelyn Trust, Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust, UKRI/NIHR, Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanti Kotagiri
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Mescia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee L Hanson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lorinda Turner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton. United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Dunmore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Morgan
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton. United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Hess
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton. United Kingdom
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Burrows
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge.
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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2
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Burrows N, Bashford-Rogers RJM, Bhute VJ, Peñalver A, Ferdinand JR, Stewart BJ, Smith JEG, Deobagkar-Lele M, Giudice G, Connor TM, Inaba A, Bergamaschi L, Smith S, Tran MGB, Petsalaki E, Lyons PA, Espeli M, Huntly BJP, Smith KGC, Cornall RJ, Clatworthy MR, Maxwell PH. Author Correction: Dynamic regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activity is essential for normal B cell development. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1465. [PMID: 34522040 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rachael J M Bashford-Rogers
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joscelin E G Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Thomas M Connor
- Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Akimichi Inaba
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maxine G B Tran
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marion Espeli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Burden-Teh E, Murphy R, Gran S, Nijsten T, Hughes C, Abdul-Wahab A, Bewley A, Burrows N, Darne S, Gach JE, Katugampola R, Jury CS, Kuet K, Llewellyn J, McPherson T, Ravenscroft JC, Taibjee S, Wilkinson C, Thomas KS. Identifying the best predictive diagnostic criteria for psoriasis in children (< 18 years): a UK multicentre case-control diagnostic accuracy study (DIPSOC study). Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:341-351. [PMID: 34477218 PMCID: PMC9298773 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children, psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose. Difficulties arise from differences in the clinical presentation compared with adults. OBJECTIVES To test the diagnostic accuracy of previously agreed consensus criteria and to develop a shortlist of the best predictive diagnostic criteria for childhood psoriasis. METHODS A case-control diagnostic accuracy study in 12 UK dermatology departments (2017-2019) assessed 18 clinical criteria using blinded trained investigators. Children (< 18 years) with dermatologist-diagnosed psoriasis (cases, N = 170) or a different scaly inflammatory rash (controls, N = 160) were recruited. The best predictive criteria were identified using backward logistic regression, and internal validation was conducted using bootstrapping. RESULTS The sensitivity of the consensus-agreed criteria and consensus scoring algorithm was 84·6%, the specificity was 65·1% and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0·75. The seven diagnostic criteria that performed best were: (i) scale and erythema in the scalp involving the hairline, (ii) scaly erythema inside the external auditory meatus, (iii) persistent well-demarcated erythematous rash anywhere on the body, (iv) persistent erythema in the umbilicus, (v) scaly erythematous plaques on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and/or knees, (vi) well-demarcated erythematous rash in the napkin area involving the crural fold and (vii) family history of psoriasis. The sensitivity of the best predictive model was 76·8%, with specificity 72·7% and AUC 0·84. The c-statistic optimism-adjusted shrinkage factor was 0·012. CONCLUSIONS This study provides examination- and history-based data on the clinical features of psoriasis in children and proposes seven diagnostic criteria with good discriminatory ability in secondary-care patients. External validation is now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Burden-Teh
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Murphy
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Gran
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Hughes
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bewley
- Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Darne
- Department of Dermatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J E Gach
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - R Katugampola
- Department of Dermatology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - C S Jury
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Kuet
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Llewellyn
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - T McPherson
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - J C Ravenscroft
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Taibjee
- Department of Dermatology, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester, UK
| | - C Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Ortmann BM, Burrows N, Lobb IT, Arnaiz E, Wit N, Bailey PSJ, Jordon LH, Lombardi O, Peñalver A, McCaffrey J, Seear R, Mole DR, Ratcliffe PJ, Maxwell PH, Nathan JA. The HIF complex recruits the histone methyltransferase SET1B to activate specific hypoxia-inducible genes. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1022-1035. [PMID: 34155378 PMCID: PMC7611696 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are fundamental to cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels, but it is unclear how they interact with chromatin and activate their target genes. Here, we use genome-wide mutagenesis to identify genes involved in HIF transcriptional activity, and define a requirement for the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase SET1B. SET1B loss leads to a selective reduction in transcriptional activation of HIF target genes, resulting in impaired cell growth, angiogenesis and tumor establishment in SET1B-deficient xenografts. Mechanistically, we show that SET1B accumulates on chromatin in hypoxia, and is recruited to HIF target genes by the HIF complex. The selective induction of H3K4 trimethylation at HIF target loci is both HIF- and SET1B-dependent and, when impaired, correlates with decreased promoter acetylation and gene expression. Together, these findings show SET1B as a determinant of site-specific histone methylation and provide insight into how HIF target genes are differentially regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian T Lobb
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter S J Bailey
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise H Jordon
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivia Lombardi
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James McCaffrey
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Seear
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R Mole
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Burrows N, Bashford-Rogers RJM, Bhute VJ, Peñalver A, Ferdinand JR, Stewart BJ, Smith JEG, Deobagkar-Lele M, Giudice G, Connor TM, Inaba A, Bergamaschi L, Smith S, Tran MGB, Petsalaki E, Lyons PA, Espeli M, Huntly BJP, Smith KGC, Cornall RJ, Clatworthy MR, Maxwell PH. Dynamic regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activity is essential for normal B cell development. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1408-1420. [PMID: 32868930 PMCID: PMC7613233 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocyte development and selection are central to adaptive immunity and self-tolerance. These processes require B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and occur in bone marrow, an environment with variable hypoxia, but whether hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is involved is unknown. We show that HIF activity is high in human and murine bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells and decreases at the immature B cell stage. This stage-specific HIF suppression is required for normal B cell development because genetic activation of HIF-1α in murine B cells led to reduced repertoire diversity, decreased BCR editing and developmental arrest of immature B cells, resulting in reduced peripheral B cell numbers. HIF-1α activation lowered surface BCR, CD19 and B cell-activating factor receptor and increased expression of proapoptotic BIM. BIM deletion rescued the developmental block. Administration of a HIF activator in clinical use markedly reduced bone marrow and transitional B cells, which has therapeutic implications. Together, our work demonstrates that dynamic regulation of HIF-1α is essential for normal B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rachael J M Bashford-Rogers
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joscelin E G Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Thomas M Connor
- Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Akimichi Inaba
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maxine G B Tran
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marion Espeli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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7
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McSweeney SM, Christou EAA, Dand N, Boalch A, Holmes S, Harries M, Palamaras I, Cunningham F, Parkins G, Kaur M, Farrant P, McDonagh A, Messenger A, Jones J, Jolliffe V, Ali I, Ardern-Jones M, Mitchell C, Burrows N, Atkar R, Banfield C, Alexandroff A, Champagne C, Cooper HL, Patel GK, Macbeth A, Page M, Bryden A, Mowbray M, Wahie S, Armstrong K, Cooke N, Goodfield M, Man I, de Berker D, Dunnil G, Takwale A, Rao A, Siah TW, Sinclair R, Wade MS, Bhargava K, Fenton DA, McGrath JA, Tziotzios C. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a descriptive cross-sectional study of 711 cases in female patients from the UK. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1136-1138. [PMID: 32652611 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M McSweeney
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E A A Christou
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - N Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Boalch
- Greenwich and Lewisham NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE13 6LH, UK
| | - S Holmes
- Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.,UK FFA Consortium
| | | | | | - F Cunningham
- Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.,UK FFA Consortium
| | - G Parkins
- Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.,UK FFA Consortium
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- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,UK FFA Consortium
| | - D A Fenton
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,UK FFA Consortium
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - C Tziotzios
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Simpson J, Martinez‐Queipo M, Onoufriadis A, Tso S, Glass E, Liu L, Higashino T, Scott W, Tierney C, Simpson M, Desomchoke R, Youssefian L, SaeIdian A, Vahidnezhad H, Bisquera A, Ravenscroft J, Moss C, O'Toole E, Burrows N, Leech S, Jones E, Lim D, Ilchyshyn A, Goldstraw N, Cork M, Darne S, Uitto J, Martinez A, Mellerio J, McGrath J. A study of gene mutations and how they relate to the different types of ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Simpson J, Martinez‐Queipo M, Onoufriadis A, Tso S, Glass E, Liu L, Higashino T, Scott W, Tierney C, Simpson M, Desomchoke R, Youssefian L, SaeIdian A, Vahidnezhad H, Bisquera A, Ravenscroft J, Moss C, O'Toole E, Burrows N, Leech S, Jones E, Lim D, Ilchyshyn A, Goldstraw N, Cork M, Darne S, Uitto J, Martinez A, Mellerio J, McGrath J. 一项关于基因突变及其与不同鱼鳞病类型相关性的研究. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Simpson J, Martinez‐Queipo M, Onoufriadis A, Tso S, Glass E, Liu L, Higashino T, Scott W, Tierney C, Simpson M, Desomchoke R, Youssefian L, SaeIdian A, Vahidnezhad H, Bisquera A, Ravenscroft J, Moss C, O'Toole E, Burrows N, Leech S, Jones E, Lim D, Ilchyshyn A, Goldstraw N, Cork M, Darne S, Uitto J, Martinez A, Mellerio J, McGrath J. Genotype–phenotype correlation in a large English cohort of patients with autosomal recessive ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:729-737. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Murchie P, Masthoff J, Walter FM, Rahman K, Allan JL, Burrows N, Proby C, Lee AJ, Johnston M, Durrani A, Depasquale I, Brant B, Neilson A, Meredith F, Treweek S, Hall S, McDonald A. Achieving Self-Directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) in melanoma: protocol for a randomised patient-focused pilot trial of delivering the ASICA intervention as a means to earlier detection of recurrent and second primary melanoma. Trials 2019; 20:318. [PMID: 31159849 PMCID: PMC6547590 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is common; 15,906 people in the UK were diagnosed with melanoma in 2015 and incidence has increased fivefold in 30 years. Melanoma affects old and young people, with poor prognosis once metastatic. UK guidelines recommend people treated for cutaneous melanoma receive extended outpatient, hospital follow up to detect recurrence or new primaries. Such follow up of the growing population of melanoma survivors is burdensome for both individuals and health services. Follow up is important since approximately 20% of patients with early-stage melanoma experience a recurrence and 4-8% develop a new primary; the risk of either is highest in the first 5 years. Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) is a digital intervention to increase total-skin-self-examination (TSSE) by people treated for melanoma, with usual follow up. METHODS We aim to recruit 240 adults with a previous first-stage 0-2C primary cutaneous melanoma, from secondary care in North-East Scotland and the East of England. Participants will be randomised to receive the ASICA intervention (a tablet-based digital intervention to prompt and support TSSE) or control group (treatment as usual). Patient-reported and clinical data will be collected at baseline, including the modified Melanoma Worry Scale (MWS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs), the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5 L), and questions about TSSE practice, intentions, self-efficacy and planning. Participants will be followed up by postal questionnaire at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomization, along with a 12-month review of clinical data. The primary timepoint for outcome analyses will be12 months after randomisation. DISCUSSION If the ASICA intervention improves the practice of TSSE in those affected by melanoma, this may lead to improved psychological well-being and earlier detection of recurrent and new primary melanoma. This could impact both patients and National Health Service (NHS) resources. This study will determine if a full-scale randomised controlled trial can be undertaken in the UK NHS to provide the high-quality evidence needed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. ASICA is a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of the practice of digitally supported TSSE in those affected by melanoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03328247 . Registered on 1 November 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Murchie
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - J. Masthoff
- Department of Computing Science, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, King’s College, Aberdeeen, AB24 3UE UK
| | - F. M. Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8SR UK
| | - K. Rahman
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - J. L. Allan
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - N. Burrows
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - C. Proby
- University of Dundee, Division of Cancer Research, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - A. J. Lee
- Medical Statistics Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - M. Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. Durrani
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - I. Depasquale
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - B. Brant
- NHS Grampian, Dr Gray’s Hospital, Elgin, IV30 1SN UK
| | - A. Neilson
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - F. Meredith
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - S. Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - S. Hall
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. McDonald
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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12
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Burrows N, Williams J, Telfer BA, Resch J, Valentine HR, Fitzmaurice RJ, Eustace A, Irlam J, Rowling EJ, Hoang-Vu C, West CM, Brabant G, Williams KJ. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI3K-related kinase (PIKK) activity contributes to radioresistance in thyroid carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63106-63123. [PMID: 27527858 PMCID: PMC5325350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic (ATC) and certain follicular thyroid-carcinomas (FTCs) are radioresistant. The Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is commonly hyperactivated in thyroid-carcinomas. PI3K can modify the PI3K-related kinases (PIKKs) in response to radiation: How PIKKs interact with PI3K and contribute to radioresistance in thyroid-carcinomas is unknown. Further uncertainties exist in how these interactions function under the radioresistant hypoxic microenvironment. Under normoxia/anoxia, ATC (8505c) and FTC (FTC-133) cells were irradiated, with PI3K-inhibition (via GDC-0941 and PTEN-reconstitution into PTEN-null FTC-133s) and effects on PIKK-activation, DNA-damage, clonogenic-survival and cell cycle, assessed. FTC-xenografts were treated with 5 × 2 Gy, ± 50 mg/kg GDC-0941 (twice-daily; orally) for 14 days and PIKK-activation and tumour-growth assessed. PIKK-expression was additionally assessed in 12 human papillary thyroid-carcinomas, 13 FTCs and 12 ATCs. GDC-0941 inhibited radiation-induced activation of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM-and Rad3-related (ATR) and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Inhibition of ATM and DNA-PKcs was PI3K-dependent, since activation was reduced in PTEN-reconstituted FTC-133s. Inhibition of PIKK-activation was greater under anoxia: Consequently, whilst DNA-damage was increased and prolonged under both normoxia and anoxia, PI3K-inhibition only reduced clonogenic-survival under anoxia. GDC-0941 abrogated radiation-induced cell cycle arrest, an effect most likely linked to the marked inhibition of ATR-activation. Importantly, GDC-0941 inhibited radiation-induced PIKK-activation in FTC-xenografts leading to a significant increase in time taken for tumours to triple in size: 26.5 ± 5 days (radiation-alone) versus 31.5 ± 5 days (dual-treatment). PIKKs were highly expressed across human thyroid-carcinoma classifications, with ATM scoring consistently lower. Interestingly, some loss of ATM and DNA-PKcs was observed. These data provide new insight into the mechanisms of hypoxia-associated radioresistance in thyroid-carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Current address: School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph Williams
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian A Telfer
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia Resch
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik I, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Helen R Valentine
- Translational Radiobiology Group, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Amanda Eustace
- Translational Radiobiology Group, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Joely Irlam
- Translational Radiobiology Group, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily J Rowling
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cuong Hoang-Vu
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Salle, Germany
| | - Catharine M West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Radiotherapy Related Research Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Georg Brabant
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik I, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Radiotherapy Related Research Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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13
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Al-Lamki RS, Wang J, Yang J, Burrows N, Maxwell PH, Eisen T, Warren AY, Vanharanta S, Pacey S, Vandenabeele P, Pober JS, Bradley JR. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2-signaling in CD133-expressing cells in renal clear cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24111-24. [PMID: 26992212 PMCID: PMC5029688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to normal kidney, renal clear cell carcinomas (ccRCC) contain increased numbers of interstitial, non-hematopoietic CD133+cells that express stem cell markers and exhibit low rates of proliferation. These cells fail to form tumors upon transplantation but support tumor formation by differentiated malignant cells. We hypothesized that killing of ccRCC CD133+ (RCCCD133+) cells by cytotoxic agents might be enhanced by inducing them to divide. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), signalling through TNFR2, induces proliferation of malignant renal tubular epithelial cells, we investigated whether TNFR2 might similarly affect RCCCD133+cells. We compared treating organ cultures of ccRCC vs adjacent nontumour kidney (NK) and RCCCD133+vs NK CD133+ (NKCD133+) cell cultures with wild-type TNF (wtTNF) or TNF muteins selective for TNFR1 (R1TNF) or TNFR2 (R2TNF). In organ cultures, R2TNF increased expression of TNFR2 and promoted cell cycle entry of both RCCCD133+ and NKCD133+ but effects were greater in RCCCD133+. In contrast, R1TNF increased TNFR1 expression and promoted cell death. Importantly, cyclophosphamide triggered much more cell death in RCCCD133+ and NKCD133+cells pre-treated with R2TNF as compared to untreated controls. We conclude that selective engagement of TNFR2 by TNF can drives RCCCD133+ proliferation and thereby increase sensitivity to cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia S Al-Lamki
- Department of Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natalie Burrows
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Timothy Eisen
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Simon Pacey
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, UGhent-VIB Research Building FSVM, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8089, USA
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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14
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Horton SJ, Giotopoulos G, Yun H, Vohra S, Sheppard O, Bashford-Rogers R, Rashid M, Clipson A, Chan WI, Sasca D, Yiangou L, Osaki H, Basheer F, Gallipoli P, Burrows N, Erdem A, Sybirna A, Foerster S, Zhao W, Sustic T, Petrunkina Harrison A, Laurenti E, Okosun J, Hodson D, Wright P, Smith KG, Maxwell P, Fitzgibbon J, Du MQ, Adams DJ, Huntly BJP. Early loss of Crebbp confers malignant stem cell properties on lymphoid progenitors. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1093-1104. [PMID: 28825697 PMCID: PMC5633079 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein, binding protein (CREBBP) are prevalent in lymphoid malignancies. However, the tumour suppressor functions of CREBBP remain unclear. We demonstrate that loss of Crebbp in murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to increased development of B-cell lymphomas. This is preceded by accumulation of hyperproliferative lymphoid progenitors with a defective DNA damage response (DDR) due to a failure to acetylate p53. We identify a premalignant lymphoma stem cell population with decreased H3K27ac, which undergoes transcriptional and genetic evolution due to the altered DDR, resulting in lymphomagenesis. Importantly, when Crebbp is lost later in lymphopoiesis, cellular abnormalities are lost and tumour generation is attenuated. We also document that CREBBP mutations may occur in HSPCs from patients with CREBBP-mutated lymphoma. These data suggest that earlier loss of Crebbp is advantageous for lymphoid transformation and inform the cellular origins and subsequent evolution of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Horton
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Shabana Vohra
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rachael Bashford-Rogers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wai-In Chan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hikari Osaki
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Natalie Burrows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Sarah Foerster
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tonci Sustic
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Daniel Hodson
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken G Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Patrick Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ming Q Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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15
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Kiriakidis S, Hoer SS, Burrows N, Biddlecome G, Khan MN, Thinnes CC, Schofield CJ, Rogers N, Botto M, Paleolog E, Maxwell PH. Complement C1q is hydroxylated by collagen prolyl 4 hydroxylase and is sensitive to off-target inhibition by prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors that stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor. Kidney Int 2017; 92:900-908. [PMID: 28506759 PMCID: PMC5612014 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Complement C1q is part of the C1 macromolecular complex that mediates the classical complement activation pathway: a major arm of innate immune defense. C1q is composed of A, B, and C chains that require post-translational prolyl 4-hydroxylation of their N-terminal collagen-like domain to enable the formation of the functional triple helical multimers. The prolyl 4-hydroxylase(s) that hydroxylate C1q have not previously been identified. Recognized prolyl 4-hydroxylases include collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylases (CP4H) and the more recently described prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes that act as oxygen sensors regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We show that several small-molecule prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that activate HIF also potently suppress C1q secretion by human macrophages. However, reducing oxygenation to a level that activates HIF does not compromise C1q hydroxylation. In vitro studies showed that a C1q A chain peptide is not a substrate for PHD2 but is a substrate for CP4H1. Circulating levels of C1q did not differ between wild-type mice or mice with genetic deficits in PHD enzymes, but were reduced by prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. Thus, C1q is hydroxylated by CP4H, but not the structurally related PHD hydroxylases. Hence, reduction of C1q levels may be an important off-target side effect of small molecule PHD inhibitors developed as treatments for renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafim Kiriakidis
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon S Hoer
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie Burrows
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Norma Rogers
- Oncology Research, AMGEN, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research (CCIR), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewa Paleolog
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and adapt to changes in oxygen is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Immune cells function in physiologically complex and varying environments whereby oxygen, pH, nutrients, metabolites and cytokines are continuously fluctuating. HIF is well known to play an important role in coordinating the adaptation and function of both innate immune cells and T cells in these complex environments. This review summarises recent discoveries concerning how hypoxia and HIF control B cell behaviour, and regulate antibody quality and decisions concerning tolerance. Hypoxia and HIF activation may provide an important context; coordinating metabolism with variable demands for quiescence, rapid proliferation, and differentiation. Understanding when and how HIF is activated during B cell development and response is important as drugs targeting HIF could influence antibody responses, providing novel therapeutic opportunities for vaccine adjuvants and in treating autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick Henry Maxwell
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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17
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Burrows N, Cane G, Robson M, Gaude E, J. Howat W, Szlosarek PW, Pedley RB, Frezza C, Ashcroft M, Maxwell PH. Hypoxia-induced nitric oxide production and tumour perfusion is inhibited by pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20). Sci Rep 2016; 6:22950. [PMID: 26972697 PMCID: PMC4789736 DOI: 10.1038/srep22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic tumour microenvironment represents an aggressive, therapy-resistant compartment. As arginine is required for specific hypoxia-induced processes, we hypothesised that arginine-deprivation therapy may be useful in targeting hypoxic cancer cells. We explored the effects of the arginine-degrading agent ADI-PEG20 on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation, the hypoxia-induced nitric oxide (NO) pathway and proliferation using HCT116 and UMUC3 cells and xenografts. The latter lack argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) making them auxotrophic for arginine. In HCT116 cells, ADI-PEG20 inhibited hypoxic-activation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, leading to decreased inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO-production, and VEGF. Interestingly, combining hypoxia and ADI-PEG20 synergistically inhibited ASS1. ADI-PEG20 inhibited mTORC1 and activated the unfolded protein response providing a mechanism for inhibition of HIF and ASS1. ADI-PEG20 inhibited tumour growth, impaired hypoxia-associated NO-production, and decreased vascular perfusion. Expression of HIF-1α/HIF-2α/iNOS and VEGF were reduced, despite an increased hypoxic tumour fraction. Similar effects were observed in UMUC3 xenografts. In summary, ADI-PEG20 inhibits HIF-activated processes in two tumour models with widely different arginine biology. Thus, ADI-PEG20 may be useful in the clinic to target therapy-resistant hypoxic cells in ASS1-proficient tumours and ASS1-deficient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Gaelle Cane
- Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Robson
- Tumour Biology Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0XZ
| | - William J. Howat
- Histopathology/ISH, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - R. Barbara Pedley
- Tumour Biology Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0XZ
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick H. Maxwell
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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Rowling E, Burrows N, Elvin P, Williams K. 525 Analysing Src and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition in a radiotherapy context – pathway interplay and therapeutic response. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Wouters A, Pauwels B, Burrows N, Baay M, Deschoolmeester V, Vu TN, Laukens K, Meijnders P, Van Gestel D, Williams KJ, Van den Weyngaert D, Vermorken JB, Pauwels P, Peeters M, Lardon F. The radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under low oxygen conditions is in vitro not dependent on functional HIF-1 protein. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:594. [PMID: 25128202 PMCID: PMC4152599 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regions within solid tumours often experience oxygen deprivation, which is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and irradiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under normoxia versus hypoxia and to determine whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is involved in the radiosensitising mechanism. Methods Stable expression of dominant negative HIF-1α (dnHIF) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, that ablated endogenous HIF-1 transcriptional activity, was validated by western blot and functionality was assessed by HIF-1α activity assay. Cells were exposed to varying oxygen environments and treated with gemcitabine or dFdU for 24 h, followed by irradiation. Clonogenicity was then assessed. Using radiosensitising conditions, cells were collected for cell cycle analysis. Results HIF-1 activity was significantly inhibited in cells stably expressing dnHIF. A clear radiosensitising effect under normoxia and hypoxia was observed for both gemcitabine and dFdU. No significant difference in radiobiological parameters between HIF-1 proficient and HIF-1 deficient MDA-MB-231 cells was demonstrated. Conclusions For the first time, radiosensitisation by dFdU, the main metabolite of gemcitabine, was demonstrated under low oxygen conditions. No major role for functional HIF-1 protein in radiosensitisation by gemcitabine or dFdU could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Attiwill P, Ryan M, Burrows N, Cheney N, McCaw L, Neyland M. Logging and Fire in Australian Forests: misinterpretation, data and models, and a response to Bradstock & Price (2014). Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P.M. Attiwill
- School of Botany; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - M.F. Ryan
- VicForests; GPO Box 191 Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - N. Burrows
- Conservation Science Centre; Department of Parks and Wildlife Western Australia; Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Australia
| | - N.P. Cheney
- Former Head, Bushfire Research Unit; CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products; Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
| | - L. McCaw
- Science Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife Western Australia; Locked Bag 2 Manjimup WA 6258 Australia
| | - M. Neyland
- Forestry Tasmania; 79 Melville Street Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
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21
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Attiwill P, Ryan M, Burrows N, Cheney N, McCaw L, Neyland M, Read S. Timber Harvesting Does Not Increase Fire Risk and Severity in Wet Eucalypt Forests of Southern Australia. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P.M. Attiwill
- School of Botany; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - M.F. Ryan
- VicForests; GPO Box 191 Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - N. Burrows
- Conservation Science Centre, Department of Environment and Conservation Western Australia, Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; WA 6983 Australia
| | - N.P. Cheney
- Former Head, Bushfire Research Unit; CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products; Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
| | - L. McCaw
- Science Division; Department of Environment and Conservation Western Australia, Locked Bag 2; Manjimup WA 6258 Australia
| | - M. Neyland
- Forestry Tasmania; 79 Melville Street Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
| | - S. Read
- Forestry Tasmania; 79 Melville Street Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
- Department of Forest & Ecosystem Science; University of Melbourne; Creswick Victoria 3363 Australia
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22
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Burrows N, Telfer B, Brabant G, Williams KJ. Inhibiting the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase pathway blocks radiation-induced metastasis associated with Rho-GTPase and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:548-53. [PMID: 23891094 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Undifferentiated follicular and anaplastic thyroid tumours often respond poorly to radiotherapy and show increased metastatic potential. We evaluated radiation-induced effects on metastasis in thyroid carcinoma cells and tumours, mechanistically focusing on phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and associated pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS Migration was analysed in follicular (FTC133) and anaplastic (8505c) cells following radiotherapy (0-6 Gray) with concomitant pharmacological (GDC-0941) or genetic inhibition of PI3K. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-activity was measured using luciferase reporter assays and was inhibited using a dominant-negative variant. Activation and subcellular localisation of target proteins were assessed via Western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo studies used FTC133 xenografts with metastatic lung dissemination assessed ex vivo. RESULTS Radiation induced migration in a HIF-dependent manner in FTC133 cells but decreased migration in 8505c's. Post-radiation HIF-activity correlated with migratory phenotype. PI3K-targeting inhibited migration under basal and irradiated conditions through inhibition of HIF-1α, Rho-GTPase expression/activity and localisation whilst having little effect on src/FAK. In vivo, radiation induced PI3K, HIF, Rho-GTPases and src but only PI3K, HIF and Rho-GTPases were inhibited by GDC-0941. Co-treatment with GDC-0941 and radiation significantly reduced metastatic dissemination versus radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Radiation modifies metastatic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma cells, which can be successfully inhibited by targeting PI3K using GDC-0941 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK
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23
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Cawthorne C, Burrows N, Gieling RG, Morrow CJ, Forster D, Gregory J, Radigois M, Smigova A, Babur M, Simpson K, Hodgkinson C, Brown G, McMahon A, Dive C, Hiscock D, Wilson I, Williams KJ. [18F]-FLT positron emission tomography can be used to image the response of sensitive tumors to PI3-kinase inhibition with the novel agent GDC-0941. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:819-28. [PMID: 23427298 PMCID: PMC3670082 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is deregulated in a range of cancers, and several targeted inhibitors are entering the clinic. This study aimed to investigate whether the positron emission tomography tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]-FLT) is suitable to mark the effect of the novel PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941, which has entered phase II clinical trial. CBA nude mice bearing U87 glioma and HCT116 colorectal xenografts were imaged at baseline with [(18)F]-FLT and at acute (18 hours) and chronic (186 hours) time points after twice-daily administration of GDC-0941 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle. Tumor uptake normalized to blood pool was calculated, and tissue was analyzed at sacrifice for PI3K pathway inhibition and thymidine kinase (TK1) expression. Uptake of [(18)F]-FLT was also assessed in tumors inducibly overexpressing a dominant-negative form of the PI3K p85 subunit p85α, as well as HCT116 liver metastases after GDC-0941 therapy. GDC-0941 treatment induced tumor stasis in U87 xenografts, whereas inhibition of HCT116 tumors was more variable. Tumor uptake of [(18)F]-FLT was significantly reduced following GDC-0941 dosing in responsive tumors at the acute time point and correlated with pharmacodynamic markers of PI3K signaling inhibition and significant reduction in TK1 expression in U87, but not HCT116, tumors. Reduction of PI3K signaling via expression of Δp85α significantly reduced tumor growth and [(18)F]-FLT uptake, as did treatment of HCT116 liver metastases with GDC-0941. These results indicate that [(18)F]-FLT is a strong candidate for the noninvasive measurement of GDC-0941 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cawthorne
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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24
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Gieling RG, Babur M, Mamnani L, Burrows N, Telfer BA, Carta F, Winum JY, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, Williams KJ. Antimetastatic Effect of Sulfamate Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors in Breast Carcinoma Xenografts. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5591-600. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300529u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roben G. Gieling
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Babur
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lupti Mamnani
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Telfer
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2,
Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de
l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Kaye J. Williams
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wouters A, Pauwels B, Burrows N, Lambrechts H, Pattyn G, Baay M, Deschoolmeester V, Laukens K, Meijnders P, Gestel DV, Van den Weyngaert D, Williams KJ, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F. Abstract 5722: Retention of the radiosensitizing effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under reduced oxygen conditions is not influenced by HIF-1 functionality. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Regions within solid tumors often experience mild to severe oxygen deprivation, associated with resistance to chemotherapy and irradiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under normal versus reduced oxygen conditions and to determine whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is involved in the radiosensitizing mechanism. Materials & methods: The clonogenic assay was performed in three isogenic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines differing in HIF-1alpha proficiency (24h 0-8 nM gemcitabine or 0-4 microM dFdU, 0-8 Gy irradiation). Validation of the transfection with dominant negative HIF-1alpha was done by western blot and by assessment of HIF-1alpha activity. The relative expression of 84 genes related to the hypoxia signaling pathway was characterized by human hypoxia signaling pathway PCR array. Using radiosensitizing conditions, cells were collected for cell cycle analysis. Results: HIF-1 activity was significantly inhibited after transfection with a dominant negative protein. Furthermore, anoxia-induced VEGF secretion was significantly lower (p<0.05) in MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing dnHIF (dominant negative HIF-1alpha) than in MDA-MB-231 EV (empty vector) cells. PCR array indicated that hypoxic conditions significantly influenced the expression of HIF-1alpha and ANGPTL4 (angiopoetin-like 4). A clear radiosensitizing effect under normoxic and anoxic conditions was observed for both gemcitabine and dFdU. The radiosensitizing effect was similar under normoxic and anoxic conditions (p=0.48 for gemcitabine, p=0.56 for dFdU) and the dose enhancement factor (DEF) was not significantly influenced by the cell line used. Under anoxia, DEFs for gemcitabine ranged from 1.26 to 1.59, from 1.11 to 1.77, and from 1.34 to 2.04 in MDA-MB-231 wt, EV and dnHIF cells, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in radiobiological parameters between HIF-1 proficient and HIF-1 deficient cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that, in contrast to previous findings in other cell lines, exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to low oxygen conditions did not induce a significant increase in the percentage of G0/1 cells (p=0.21). Gemcitabine and dFdU caused a block of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle under both normoxic and anoxic conditions. Conclusion: For the first time, radiosensitization by dFdU, the main metabolite of gemcitabine, was demonstrated under low oxygen conditions. As dFdU has a prolonged half-life, the sustained presence of dFdU in the blood might induce radiosensitization despite the short half-life of the parent drug, gemcitabine. This might be highly relevant, especially considering delivery of the drug to hypoxic tumor regions. No major role for HIF-1 in radiosensitization by gemcitabine or dFdU could be shown.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5722. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5722
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wouters
- 1University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Baay
- 1University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Cawthorne C, Wilson IA, Danikas A, Burrows N, Radigois M, Gregory J, Smigova A, Babar M, Williams KJ. Abstract 362: [18F]-FLT Positron Emission Tomography can be used to image the response of sensitive tumours to PI3-Kinase inhibition with the novel agent GDC-0941. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Emerging targeted therapeutics are characterised by high efficacy rates in selected patient sub-populations as well as potentially high running costs. This calls for companion diagnostic tools that contribute to the better management of such therapies, in terms of patient selection and monitoring therapeutic response. The Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase pathway is deregulated in a range of cancers, and several targeted inhibitors are entering the clinic. This study aimed to investigate whether the PET tracer [18F]-FLT is suitable to mark the effect of the novel PI-3K inhibitor GDC-0941 which has entered Phase II clinical trial. Methods Nude mice bearing U87 and HCT116 xenografts were imaged at baseline with [18F]-FLT (10-15MBq per mouse produced using a GE Tracerlab). GDC-0941 or vehicle was then administered at a concentration of 50mg/kg twice daily by gavage and animals were rescanned at acute (∼18h) and chronic (∼186h) timepoints post-therapy. Standard uptake value (SUV)s for tumour uptake were calculated, and tissue was analysed at sacrifice for phospho-AKT. To generate normalised uptake values (NUV)s the SUV [tumour] was divided by the SUV for heart. NUV figures are given for the 100-105min post-injection time interval. Results Growth of U87 xenografts was significantly inhibited by GDC-0941 treatment throughout the course of the study (average growth rate of treated = –1.0±9.3 mm3, control = 69.2±22.1mm3 per day). Growth of HCT116 xenografts was not significantly different between groups (average growth rate of treated = 34.6±15.9 mm3, control =54.8±11.1 mm3 per day). Tumour uptake of [18F]-FLT was significantly reduced in treated animals bearing U87 xenografts at the acute timepoint compared to baseline (NUVmax 2.17 ± 0.38 vs 1.59 ± 0.29, p<0.01), whereas uptake in HCT116 tumours was unchanged. Analysis of the downstream marker phospho-AKT showed that this was decreased in U87, but not HCT116, tumours. Conclusion [18F]-FLT is a strong candidate for the non-invasive measurement of GDC-0941 action. In addition to FLT, we are assessing the performance of a range of other imaging agents, including proprietary tracers, that can potentially bring value in monitoring of PI3-kinase targeting therapies.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 362. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-362
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- 2GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Danikas
- 2GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Radigois
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jamil Gregory
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Burrows N, Babur M, Resch J, Ridsdale S, Mejin M, Rowling EJ, Brabant G, Williams KJ. GDC-0941 inhibits metastatic characteristics of thyroid carcinomas by targeting both the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1934-43. [PMID: 21994956 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in thyroid carcinoma cells. Both pathways are associated with aggressive phenotype in thyroid carcinomas. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the effects of the clinical PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and genetic inhibition of PI3K and HIF on metastatic behavior of thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN Vascular endothelial growth factor ELISA, HIF activity assays, proliferation studies, and scratch-wound migration and cell spreading assays were performed under various O(2) tensions [normoxia, hypoxia (1 and 0.1% O(2)), and anoxia] with or without GDC-0941 in a panel of four thyroid carcinoma cell lines (BcPAP, WRO, FTC133, and 8505c). Genetic inhibition was achieved by overexpressing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) into PTEN-null cells and by using a dominant-negative variant of HIF-1α (dnHIF). In vivo, human enhanced green fluorescence protein-expressing follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) were treated with GDC-0941 (orally). Spontaneous lung metastasis was confirmed by viewing enhanced green fluorescence protein-positive colonies cultured from lung tissue. RESULTS GDC-0941 inhibited hypoxia/anoxia-induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression and HIF activity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Basal (three of four cell lines) and/or hypoxia-induced (four of four) secreted vascular endothelial growth factor was inhibited by GDC-0941, whereas selective HIF targeting predominantly affected hypoxia/anoxia-mediated secretion (P < 0.05-0.0001). Antiproliferative effects of GDC-0941 were more pronounced in PTEN mutant compared with PTEN-restored cells (P < 0.05). Hypoxia increased migration in papillary cells and cell spreading/migration in FTC cells (P < 0.01). GDC-0941 reduced spreading and migration in all O(2) conditions, whereas dnHIF had an impact only on hypoxia-induced migration (P < 0.001). In vivo, GDC-0941 reduced expression of HIF-1α, phospho-AKT, GLUT-1, and lactate dehydrogenase A in FTC xenografts. DnHIF expression and GDC-0941 reduced FTC tumor growth and metastatic lung colonization (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PI3K plays a prominent role in the metastatic behavior of thyroid carcinoma cells irrespective of O(2) tension and appears upstream of HIF activation. GDC-0941 significantly inhibited the metastatic phenotype, supporting the clinical development of PI3K inhibition in thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Burrows N, Babur M, Resch J, Williams KJ, Brabant G. Hypoxia-inducible factor in thyroid carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:762905. [PMID: 21765994 PMCID: PMC3134378 DOI: 10.4061/2011/762905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoural hypoxia (low oxygen tension) is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 is a transcription factor activated by hypoxia that regulates the expression of genes that promote tumour cell survival, progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemo/radiotherapy. In addition to hypoxia, HIF-1 can be activated by growth factor-signalling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases- (MAPK-) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases- (PI3K-) signalling cascades. Mutations in these pathways are common in thyroid carcinoma and lead to enhanced HIF-1 expression and activity. Here, we summarise current data that highlights the potential role of both hypoxia and MAPK/PI3K-induced HIF-1 signalling in thyroid carcinoma progression, metastatic characteristics, and the potential role of HIF-1 in thyroid carcinoma response to radiotherapy. Direct or indirect targeting of HIF-1 using an MAPK or PI3K inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy may be a new potential therapeutic target to improve the therapeutic response of thyroid carcinoma to radiotherapy and reduce metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Thomas KS, Koller K, Dean T, O'Leary CJ, Sach TH, Frost A, Pallett I, Crook AM, Meredith S, Nunn AJ, Burrows N, Pollock I, Graham-Brown R, O'Toole E, Potter D, Williams HC. A multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of ion-exchange water softeners for the treatment of eczema in children: the Softened Water Eczema Trial (SWET). Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:v-vi, 1-156. [PMID: 21324289 DOI: 10.3310/hta15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether installation of an ion-exchange water softener in the home could improve atopic eczema in children and, if so, to establish its likely cost and cost-effectiveness. DESIGN An observer-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial of 12 weeks duration followed by a 4-week observational period. Eczema was assessed by research nurses blinded to intervention at baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. The primary outcome was analysed as intent-to-treat, using the randomised allocation rather than actual treatment received. A secondary per-protocol analysis excluded participants who failed to receive their allocated treatment and who were deemed to be protocol violators. SETTING Secondary and primary care referral centres in England (UK) serving a variety of ethnic and social groups and including children living in both urban and periurban homes. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and thirty-six children (aged 6 months to 16 years) with moderate/severe atopic eczema, living in homes in England supplied by hard water (≥ 200 mg/l calcium carbonate). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised to either installation of an ion-exchange water softener plus usual eczema care (group A) for 12 weeks or usual eczema care alone (group B) for 12 weeks. This was followed by a 4-week observational period, during which water softeners were switched off/removed from group A homes and installed in group B homes. Standard procedure was to soften all water in the home, but to provide mains (hard) water at a faucet-style tap in the kitchen for drinking and cooking. Participants were therefore exposed to softened water for bathing and washing of clothes, but continued to drink mains (hard) water. Usual care was defined as any treatment that the child was currently using in order to control his or her eczema. New treatment regimens used during the trial period were documented. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was the difference between group A and group B in mean change in disease severity at 12 weeks compared with baseline, as measured using the Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD) score. This is an objective severity scale completed by blinded observers (research nurses) unaware of the allocated intervention. Secondary outcomes included use of topical medications, night-time movement, patient-reported eczema severity and a number of quality of life measures. A planned subgroup analysis was conducted, based on participants with at least one mutation in the gene encoding filaggrin (a protein in the skin thought to be important for normal skin barrier function). RESULTS Target recruitment was achieved (n = 336). The analysed population included 323 children who had complete data. The mean change in primary outcome (SASSAD) at 12 weeks was -5.0 [standard deviation (SD) 8.8] for the water softener group (group A) and -5.7 (SD 9.8) for the usual care group (group B) [mean difference 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.37 to 2.69, p = 0.53]. The per-protocol analysis supported the main analysis, and there was no evidence that the treatment effect varied between children with and without mutations in the filaggrin gene. No between-group differences were found in the three secondary outcomes that were assessed blindly (use of topical medications; night-time movement; proportion showing reasonable, good or excellent improvement). Small, but statistically significant, differences in favour of the water softener were found in three of the secondary outcomes that were assessed by participants [Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM); well-controlled weeks (WCWs); Dermatitis Family Index (DFI)]. The results of the economic evaluation, and the uncertainty surrounding them, suggest that ion-exchange water softeners are unlikely to be a cost-effective intervention for children with atopic eczema from an NHS perspective. CONCLUSIONS Water softeners provided no additional benefit to usual care in this study population. Small, but statistically significant, differences were found in some secondary outcomes as reported by parents, but it is likely that such improvements were the result of response bias. Whether or not the wider benefits of installing a water softener in the home are sufficient to justify the purchase of a softener is something for individual householders to consider on a case-by-case basis. This trial demonstrated overwhelming demand for non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of eczema, and this is something that should be considered when prioritising future research in the field. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN71423189. FUNDING This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 15, No. 8. See the HTA programme website for further project information. Results of this trial are also published at www.plosmedicine.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Burrows N, Babur M, Ridsdale S, Williams J, Williams KJ, Resch J, Brabant G. Abstract 1483: Metastatic characteristics and radiosensitivity of thyroid carcinoma cells depends on HIF-1 and PI3K signaling in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the HIF-1 and PI3K pathways in the development of a) a metastatic phenotype and b) desensitization to radiotherapy, in thyroid carcinomas.
In vitro scratch wound migration assays and cell spreading assays were performed under various oxygen tensions in the presence or absence of two PI3K inhibitors PI-103 and GDC-0941 (GDC-0941 is currently in clinical trials). The role of HIF-1α and PI3K on these processes was also assessed via genetic inhibition of HIF-1α and PI3K by use of a dominant negative variant (dnHIF) and by over expressing WT PTEN in PTEN-null FTC133 cells. For in vivo studies, follicular (FTC133) and anaplastic (8505c) thyroid carcinoma cells were manufactured to stably express eGFP and implanted sub-cutaneously. Mice were treated with PI-103 and GDC-0941 by intra-peritoneal injection and oral gavage. Spontaneous metastatic colonization to the lungs was confirmed by viewing eGFP postive colonies cultured from digested lung tissue and further by immuno-blotting for eGFP. For irradiation studies, cells were exposed to 0,2,4,6 GY external beam radiation.
Both PI3K and hypoxia increased cell migration, cell adhesion and cell spreading on extra-cellular matrix molecules. These processes are key in the development of a metastatic phenotype. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of both PI3K and HIF-1α reduced the migratory, adhesive and cell spreading potential of thyroid carcinoma cells under varying oxygen tensions. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PI3K and HIF-1α reduced both PI3K and HIF-1 activity resulting in reduced activation of PI3K target proteins (pAKT, pGSK-3β) and reduced expression of HIF-1 target genes (CA-9, VEGF, LDH-A, GLUT-1). In vivo, PI-103 and GDC-0941 reduced PI3K and HIF-1α activity as well as PI3K and HIF-1 target genes in primary follicular and anaplastic tumors. Importantly, mice bearing dnHIF-FTC133 tumors and those treated with GDC-0941 had reduced number of metastatic colonies in the lungs of follicular thyroid tumor bearing mice.
Radiation induced HIF-1α activity and expression. GDC-0941 combined with radiation blocked HIF-1 induction, prolonged DNA double-strand breaks and reduced clonogenic survival suggesting a radio-sensitising effect.
These data link PI3K, HIF-1 activation and aggressive disease in thyroid carcinoma and suggest PI3K may be an important therapeutic target. One attractive approach would be combination therapy with external beam radiation. The latter is the first line treatment in patients suffering from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma but is seldom successful. With the known desensitizing effects of HIF-1 and PI3K activity on radiation treatment, a combined approach involving both radiation and a PI3K inhibitor may improve both the therapeutic response within the local tumor and reduce metastatic potential.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1483. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1483
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Babur
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Ridsdale
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Williams
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kaye J. Williams
- 1School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Resch
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Brabant
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is upregulated by hypoxia and oncogenic signalling in many solid tumours. Its regulation and function in thyroid carcinomas are unknown. We evaluated the regulation of HIF-1 alpha and target gene expression in primary thyroid carcinomas and thyroid carcinoma cell lines (BcPAP, WRO, FTC-133 and 8505c). HIF-1 alpha was not detectable in normal tissue but was expressed in thyroid carcinomas. Dedifferentiated anaplastic tumours (ATCs) exhibited high levels of nuclear HIF-1 alpha staining. The HIF-1 target glucose transporter 1 was expressed to a similar level in all tumour types, whereas carbonic anhydrase-9 was significantly elevated in ATCs. In vitro studies revealed a functionally active HIF-1 alpha pathway in thyroid cells with transcriptional activation observed after graded hypoxia (1% O(2), anoxia) or treatment with a hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride. High basal and hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1 alpha in FTC-133 cells that harbour a phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) mutation was reduced by introduction of wild-type PTEN. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway using LY294002 inhibited HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 alpha targets in all cell lines, including those with B-RAF mutations (BcPAP and 8505c). In contrast, the effects of inhibition of the RAF/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway were restricted by environmental condition and B-RAF mutation status. HIF-1 is functionally expressed in thyroid carcinomas and is regulated not only by hypoxia but also via growth factor signalling pathways and, in particular, the PI3K pathway. Given the strong association of HIF-1 alpha with an aggressive disease phenotype and therapeutic resistance, this pathway may be an attractive target for improved therapy in thyroid carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Anaerobiosis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX
- Carbonic Anhydrases/biosynthesis
- Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Chromones/pharmacology
- Cobalt/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/biosynthesis
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/physiology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Burrows
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ManchesterWilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BXUK
| | - J Resch
- Department of EndocrinologyChristie Hospital, University of ManchesterWilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BXUK
| | - R L Cowen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ManchesterWilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BXUK
| | - R von Wasielewski
- Department of PathologyMedizinische Hochschule Hannover, FRGHannoverGermany
| | - C Hoang-Vu
- Experimental and Surgical OncologyUniversity of Halle-Wittenberg, FRGHalleGermany
| | - C M West
- Academic Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - K J Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ManchesterWilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BXUK
| | - G Brabant
- Department of EndocrinologyChristie Hospital, University of ManchesterWilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BXUK
- (Correspondence should be addressed to G Brabant; )
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Abstract
Acne is one of the most prevalent skin conditions affecting teenagers. It is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Blockage of sebaceous glands and colonisation with Proionobacterium acnes leads to acne. Grading the severity of acne helps to determine the appropriate treatment. Treatment of acne should be started as early as possible to minimise the risk of scarring and adverse psychological effects. It should be tailored to the individual patient, the type of acne, its severity, the patient's ability to use the treatment, and the psychological state. Topical agents are the mainstay for treatment of mild acne. Moderate acne is treated with oral antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics may be reduced by subsequent use of non-antibiotic topical medications. Severe acne is treated with isotretinoin, and this can lead to permanent remission. With better education and care given by medical profession, acne treatment could be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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33
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Gass J, Firth H, Burrows N. Oral 10 Osteoma cutis: a manifestation of GNAS1 mutation. Br J Dermatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.7385_10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gass J, Firth H, Burrows N. Osteoma cutis: a manifestation of GNAS1 mutation. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(06)77592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Cervical spine fractures associated with diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis (DISH) are less common than those associated with ankylosing spondylitis and can occur after minor trauma in patients asymptomatic of the disease process. This case report describes a hyperextension injury of the neck in a patient unknown to have DISH, which resulted in an angulated C3/C4 fracture. The position of the fracture was improved by placing the neck in flexion with immediate improvement in the patient's neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S S Maskery
- Emergency Department, Salisbury District Hospital, UK.
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36
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Abstract
Two unrelated adult patients are described who both developed an exanthem with the characteristic morphology and distribution of the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. The literature of adult cases of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is reviewed with the suggestion that the syndrome may not be as uncommon as previously supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gibbs
- Dermatology Department, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Isaacs JD, Burrows N, Wing M, Keogan MT, Rebello PR, Watts RA, Pye RJ, Norris P, Hazelman BL, Hale G, Waldmann H. Humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 110:158-66. [PMID: 9367397 PMCID: PMC2265492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1997.tb08312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the biological and therapeutic properties of a humanized anti-CD4 MoAb, hIgG1-CD4, in patients with refractory psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). hIgG1-CD4 is a modulating, non-depleting MoAb, which induced a first-dose reaction in most patients treated. It provided brief symptomatic relief in both conditions, and psoriasis appeared easier to control with conventional agents after MoAb therapy. At the doses used, hIgG1-CD4 did not synergize therapeutically with the panlymphocyte MoAb CAMPATH-1H (C1H) in patients with RA treated sequentially with both agents. There were no serious adverse effects definitely attributable to therapy. Our results are compared with those of other CD4 MoAb studies, and factors influencing the outcome of therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Isaacs
- Cambridge University Department of Pathology, UK
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Meagher L, Mahiouz D, Sugars K, Burrows N, Norris P, Yarwood H, Becker-Andre M, Haskard DO. Measurement of mRNA for E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 by reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction. J Immunol Methods 1994; 175:237-46. [PMID: 7523527 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(94)90366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor induces de novo synthesis and expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In general, alterations in cell surface expression of these molecules are known to be related to increased gene transcription and altered levels of mRNA. The extension of these observations to the study of inflammatory processes in different human organs necessitates the development of techniques for the quantification of mRNA in small tissue samples. Here we present a method for the quantification of mRNA for E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 using reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For each molecule of interest a mutant RNA was synthesised consisting of the wild-type sequence deleted of 15-20 bases. The mutant and wild-type RNA sequences are recognised by the same primers, and can therefore be amplified competitively in the same tube by RT-PCR. As the mutant and wild-type RNAs compete for the primers, the amount of wild-type RNA can be determined by the size of the dominant product that results after addition of known quantities of mutant RNA. Using this detection and quantification method we have examined the dose dependency and time course of mRNA accumulation following TNF-alpha stimulation of HUVEC. Similar time-courses of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA accumulation were observed by competitive RT-PCR as by laser densitometry of Northern blots. Finally we were able to show that the technique could measure changes in levels of mRNA for these three molecules in human skin biopsies taken at different times during the development of a delayed hypersensitivity response to tuberculin purified protein derivative. This technique should be useful for the study of adhesion molecule mRNA in small tissue culture samples and in biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meagher
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology Unit), Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
A palpable purpura developed on the legs and lower abdomen of a woman of 54 five days after she was treated with anistreplase anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) for an acute myocardial infarction. Histological examination of a skin biopsy specimen taken 6 days after treatment showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The rash resolved within two weeks and there were no other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex
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Burrows N, Strohback B. A survey of auditory perception among cerebral palsied children. Can J Occup Ther 1969; 36:12-8. [PMID: 5194806 DOI: 10.1177/000841746903600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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