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Fernandez Sanchez J, Maknojia AA, King KY. Blood and guts: how the intestinal microbiome shapes hematopoiesis and treatment of hematologic disease. Blood 2024; 143:1689-1701. [PMID: 38364184 PMCID: PMC11103099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Over the past 10 years, there has been a marked increase in recognition of the interplay between the intestinal microbiome and the hematopoietic system. Despite their apparent distance in the body, a large literature now supports the relevance of the normal intestinal microbiota to steady-state blood production, affecting both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as well as differentiated immune cells. Microbial metabolites enter the circulation where they can trigger cytokine signaling that influences hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the state of the microbiome is now recognized to affect outcomes from hematopoietic stem cell transplant, immunotherapy, and cellular therapies for hematologic malignancies. Here we review the mechanisms by which microbiotas influence hematopoiesis in development and adulthood as well as the avenues by which microbiotas are thought to impact stem cell transplant engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and efficacy of cell and immunotherapies. We highlight areas of future research that may lead to reduced adverse effects of antibiotic use and improved outcomes for patients with hematologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josaura Fernandez Sanchez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Arushana A. Maknojia
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
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2
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Carroll SL, Pasare C, Barton GM. Control of adaptive immunity by pattern recognition receptors. Immunity 2024; 57:632-648. [PMID: 38599163 PMCID: PMC11037560 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the most significant conceptual advances in immunology in recent history is the recognition that signals from the innate immune system are required for induction of adaptive immune responses. Two breakthroughs were critical in establishing this paradigm: the identification of dendritic cells (DCs) as the cellular link between innate and adaptive immunity and the discovery of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as a molecular link that controls innate immune activation as well as DC function. Here, we recount the key events leading to these discoveries and discuss our current understanding of how PRRs shape adaptive immune responses, both indirectly through control of DC function and directly through control of lymphocyte function. In this context, we provide a conceptual framework for how variation in the signals generated by PRR activation, in DCs or other cell types, can influence T cell differentiation and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina L Carroll
- Division of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Division of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
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3
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Hayakawa K, Zhou Y, Shinton SA. B-1 derived anti-Thy-1 B cells in old aged mice develop lymphoma/leukemia with high expression of CD11b and Hamp2 that different from TCL1 transgenic mice. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38570827 PMCID: PMC10988983 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Human old aged unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia U-CLL are the TCL1+ZAP70+CD5+ B cells. Since CD5 makes the BCR signaling tolerance, ZAP70 increased in U-CLL not only TCL1+ alone. In mice, TCL1 (TCL1A) is the negative from neonate to old aged, as TC-. VH8-12/Vk21-5 is the anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive ATA B cell. When ATA μκTg generation in mice, ATA B cells are the neonate generated CD5+ B cells in B-1, and in the middle age, CD5+ can be down or continuously CD5+, then, old aged CLL/lymphoma generation with increased CD11b in TC-ZAP70-CD5- or TC-ZAP70+CD5+. In this old aged TC-ATA B microarray analysis showed most similar to human CLL and U-CLL, and TC-ZAP70+CD5+ showed certain higher present as U-CLL. Original neonate ATA B cells showed with several genes down or further increase in old aged tumor, and old aged T-bet+CD11c+, CTNNB1hi, HMGBhi, CXCR4hi, DPP4hi and decreased miR181b. These old aged increased genes and down miR181b are similar to human CLL. Also, in old age ATA B cell tumor, high CD38++CD44++, increased Ki67+ AID+, and decreased CD180- miR15Olow are similar to U-CLL. In this old aged ATA B, increased TLR7,9 and Wnt10b. TC+Tg generated with ATAμκTg mice occurred middle age tumor as TC+ZAP70-CD5+ or TC+ZAP70+CD5+, with high NF-kB1, TLR4,6 and Wnt5b,6 without increased CD11b. Since neonatal state to age with TC+Tg continuously, middle age CLL/lymphoma generation is not similar to old aged generated, however, some increased in TC+ZAP70+ are similar to the old age TC- ATA B tumor. Then, TC- ATA B old age tumor showed some difference to human CLL. ATA B cells showed CD11b+CD22++, CD24 down, and hepcidin Hamp2++ with iron down. This mouse V8-12 similar to human V2-5, and V2-5 showed several cancers with macrophages/neutrophils generated hepcidin+ ironlow or some showed hepcidin- iron+ with tumor, and mouse V8-12 with different Vk19-17 generate MZ B cells strongly increased macrophage++ in old aged and generated intestine/colon tumor. Conclusion, neonate generated TC-ATA B1 cells in old aged tumor generation are CD11b+ in the leukemia CLL together with lymphoma cancer with hepcidin-related Hamp2++ in B-1 cell generation to control iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Susan A Shinton
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
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4
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Iwamura C, Ohnuki H, Flomerfelt FA, Zheng L, Carletti A, Wakashin H, Mikami Y, Brooks SR, Kanno Y, Gress RE, Tosato G, Nakayama T, O'Shea JJ, Sher A, Jankovic D. Microbial ligand-independent regulation of lymphopoiesis by NOD1. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2080-2090. [PMID: 37957354 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant differentiation of progenitor cells in the hematopoietic system is known to severely impact host immune responsiveness. Here we demonstrate that NOD1, a cytosolic innate sensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, also functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors as well as peripheral T lymphocyte homeostasis. We further show that NOD1 mediates these functions by facilitating STAT5 signaling downstream of hematopoietic cytokines. In steady-state, loss of NOD1 resulted in a modest but significant decrease in numbers of mature T, B and natural killer cells. During systemic protozoan infection this defect was markedly enhanced, leading to host mortality. Lack of functional NOD1 also impaired T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity while preventing colitis. These findings reveal that, in addition to its classical role as a bacterial ligand receptor, NOD1 plays an important function in regulating adaptive immunity through interaction with a major host cytokine signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Iwamura
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis A Flomerfelt
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexie Carletti
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Wang H, Zhang B, Shang Y, Chen F, Fan Y, Tan K. A novel risk score model based on pyroptosis-related genes for predicting survival and immunogenic landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1412-1444. [PMID: 36920176 PMCID: PMC10042690 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer worldwide, with high incidence and mortality. Pyroptosis, a form of inflammatory-regulated cell death, is closely associated with oncogenesis. METHODS Expression profiles of HCC were downloaded from the TCGA database and validated using the ICGC and GEO databases. Consensus clustering analysis was used to determine distinct clusters. The pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) included in the pyroptosis-related signature were selected by univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic potential of the model. The characteristics of infiltration of immune cells between different groups of HCC were explored. RESULTS Two independent clusters were identified according to PRG expression. Cluster 2 showed upregulated expression, poor prognosis, increased immune cell infiltration and worse immunotherapy response than cluster 1. A prognostic risk signature consisting of five genes (GSDME, NOD1, PLCG1, NLRP6 and NLRC4) was identified. In the high-risk score group, HCC patients showed decreased survival rates. In particular, multiple clinicopathological characteristics and immune cell infiltration were significantly associated with the risk score. Notably, the 5 PRGs in the risk score have been implicated in carcinogenesis, immunological pathways and drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS A prognostic signature comprising five PRGs can be used as a potential prognostic factor for HCC. The PRG-related signature provides an in-depth understanding of the association between pyroptosis and chemotherapy or immunotherapy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
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6
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Lee S, Yang JI, Lee JH, Lee HW, Kim TJ. Low-Level Expression of CD138 Marks Naturally Arising Anergic B Cells. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e50. [PMID: 36627940 PMCID: PMC9807963 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells are not entirely deleted, but some remain as immunocompetent or anergic B cells. Although the persistence of autoreactive B cells as anergic cells has been shown in transgenic mouse models with the expression of B cell receptor (BCR) reactive to engineered self-antigen, the characterization of naturally occurring anergic B cells is important to identify them and understand their contribution to immune regulation or autoimmune diseases. We report here that a low-level expression of CD138 in the splenic B cells marks naturally arising anergic B cells, not plasma cells. The CD138int B cells consisted of IgMlowIgDhigh follicular (FO) B cells and transitional 3 B cells in homeostatic conditions. The CD138int FO B cells showed an anergic gene expression profile shared with that of monoclonal anergic B cells expressing engineered BCRs and the gene expression profile was different from those of plasma cells, age-associated B cells, or germinal center B cells. The anergic state of the CD138int FO B cells was confirmed by attenuated Ca2+ response and failure to upregulate CD69 upon BCR engagement with anti-IgM, anti-IgD, anti-Igκ, or anti-IgG. The BCR repertoire of the CD138int FO B cells was distinct from that of the CD138- FO B cells and included some class-switched B cells with low-level somatic mutations. These findings demonstrate the presence of polyclonal anergic B cells in the normal mice that are characterized by low-level expression of CD138, IgM downregulation, reduced Ca2+ and CD69 responses upon BCR engagement, and distinct BCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joo Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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7
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Shinton SA, Brill-Dashoff J, Hayakawa K. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase B1a cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14899. [PMID: 36050343 PMCID: PMC9437038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns require early generation of effective innate immunity as a primary physiological mechanism for survival. The neonatal Lin28+Let7– developmental pathway allows increased generation of Th2-type cells and B1a (B-1 B) cells compared to adult cells and long-term maintenance of these initially generated innate cells. For initial B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage, Th2-type IL-5 production from ILC2s and NKT2 cells is important to increase B1a cells. The Th17 increase is dependent on extracellular bacteria, and increased bacteria leads to lower Th2-type generation. Secreted group IIA-phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) from the Pla2g2a gene can bind to gram-positive bacteria and degrade bacterial membranes, controlling microbiota in the intestine. BALB/c mice are Pla2g2a+, and express high numbers of Th2-type cells and B1a cells. C57BL/6 mice are Pla2g2a-deficient and distinct from the SLAM family, and exhibit fewer NKT2 cells and fewer B1a cells from the neonatal to adult stage. We found that loss of Pla2g2a in the BALB/c background decreased IL-5 from Th2-type ILC2s and NKT2s but increased bacterial-reactive NKT17 cells and MAIT cells, and decreased the number of early-generated B1a cells and MZ B cells and the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Low IL-5 by decreased Th2-type cells in Pla2g2a loss led to low early-generated B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage. In anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive μκ transgenic (ATAμκ Tg) Pla2g2a+ BALB/c background C.B17 mice generated NKT2 cells that continuously control CD1d+ B1 B cells through old aging and lost CD1d in B1 B cells generating strong B1 ATA B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Pla2g2a-deficient ATAμκTg C57BL/6 mice suppressed the initial B1a cell increase, with low/negative spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma generation. These data confirmed that the presence of Pla2g2a to control bacteria is important to allow the neonatal to adult stage. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase early generated B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Shinton
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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8
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Masle-Farquhar E, Peters TJ, Miosge LA, Parish IA, Weigel C, Oakes CC, Reed JH, Goodnow CC. Uncontrolled CD21low age-associated and B1 B cell accumulation caused by failure of an EGR2/3 tolerance checkpoint. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Laparra JM, Boscá L. NOD1-Targeted Immunonutrition Approaches: On the Way from Disease to Health. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050519. [PMID: 34066406 PMCID: PMC8148154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunonutrition appears as a field with great potential in modern medicine. Since the immune system can trigger serious pathophysiological disorders, it is essential to study and implement a type of nutrition aimed at improving immune system functioning and reinforcing it individually for each patient. In this sense, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1), one of the members of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family of innate immunity, has been related to numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. NOD1, which is activated by bacterial-derived peptidoglycans, is known to be present in immune cells and to contribute to inflammation and other important pathways, such as fibrosis, upon recognition of its ligands. Since immunonutrition is a significant developing research area with much to discover, we propose NOD1 as a possible target to consider in this field. It is relevant to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate the immune system and involve the activation of NOD1 in the context of immunonutrition and associated pathological conditions. Surgical or pharmacological treatments could clearly benefit from the synergy with specific and personalized nutrition that even considers the health status of each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
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10
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Liwinski T, Zheng D, Elinav E. The microbiome and cytosolic innate immune receptors. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:207-224. [PMID: 32658330 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of innate immune sensors (pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) has profoundly transformed the notion of innate immunity, in providing a mechanistic basis for host immune interactions with a wealth of environmental signals, leading to a variety of immune-mediated outcomes including instruction and activation of the adaptive immune arm. As part of this growing understanding of host-environmental cross talk, an intimate connection has been unveiled between innate immune sensors and signals perceived from the commensal microbiota, which may be regarded as a hub integrating a variety of environmental cues. Among cytosolic PRRs impacting on host homeostasis by interacting with the commensal microbiota are nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein receptors (NLRs), together with a number of cytosolic DNA sensors and the family of absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs). NLR sensors have been a particular focus of research, and some NLRs have emerged as key orchestrators of inflammatory responses and host homeostasis. Some NLRs achieve this through the formation of cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. More recently discovered PRRs include retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and STING. In the present review, they summarize recent advancements in knowledge on structure and function of cytosolic PRRs and their roles in host-microbiota cross talk and immune surveillance. In addition, we discuss their relevance for human health and disease and future therapeutic applications involving modulation of their activation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danping Zheng
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer-Microbiome Division Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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New JS, Dizon BLP, Fucile CF, Rosenberg AF, Kearney JF, King RG. Neonatal Exposure to Commensal-Bacteria-Derived Antigens Directs Polysaccharide-Specific B-1 B Cell Repertoire Development. Immunity 2020; 53:172-186.e6. [PMID: 32610078 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B-1 B cells derive from a developmental program distinct from that of conventional B cells, through B cell receptor (BCR)-dependent positive selection of fetally derived precursors. Here, we used direct labeling of B cells reactive with the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)-containing Lancefield group A carbohydrate of Streptococcus pyogenes to study the effects of bacterial antigens on the emergent B-1 B cell clonal repertoire. The number, phenotype, and BCR clonotypes of GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cells were modulated by neonatal exposure to heat-killed S. pyogenes bacteria. GlcNAc-reactive B-1 clonotypes and serum antibodies were reduced in germ-free mice compared with conventionally raised mice. Colonization of germ-free mice with a conventional microbiota promoted GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cell development and concomitantly elicited clonally related IgA+ plasma cells in the small intestine. Thus, exposure to microbial antigens in early life determines the clonality of the mature B-1 B cell repertoire and ensuing antibody responses, with implications for vaccination approaches and schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stewart New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Brian L P Dizon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature, and they rely on TLR7 or TLR9 signals in the context of Th1 cytokines for their formation and activation. Most are antigen-experienced memory B cells that arise during responses to microbial infections and are key to pathogen clearance and control. Their increasing prevalence with age contributes to several well-established features of immunosenescence, including reduced B cell genesis and damped immune responses. In addition, they are elevated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and in these settings they are enriched for characteristic autoantibody specificities. Together, these features identify age-associated B cells as a subset with pivotal roles in immunological health, disease, and aging. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their origins, functions, and physiology should make them tractable translational targets in each of these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Johnson JL, Scholz JL, Marshak-Rothstein A, Cancro MP. Molecular pattern recognition in peripheral B cell tolerance: lessons from age-associated B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 61:33-38. [PMID: 31446338 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although central tolerance mechanisms purge self-reactive B cells during development based on BCR signal strength, mechanisms that block the differentiation of autoreactive effector and memory B cells from mature pools remain poorly understood. Prior observations implicate nucleic acid sensing TLRs in autoimmunity, and more recent findings show that TLR9 is also involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Studies of the immunological changes that occur during aging revealed a subset of B cells denoted Age-associated B cells which expands in settings of aging and in autoimmunity. Further studies demonstrated that TLR9 signals poise activated B cells to adopt an Age-associated B cell phenotype, but BCR-delivered TLR9 signals cause programmed cell death that, if circumvented by costimulation, allows continued differentiation to the ABC fate. Together, these observations suggest molecular pattern recognition, rather than BCR epitope specificity per se, is a fundamental mediator of tolerogenic outcomes in the peripheral B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jean L Scholz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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