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Iwamura C, Ohnuki H, Flomerfelt FA, Zheng L, Carletti A, Wakashin H, Mikami Y, Brooks SR, Kanno Y, Gress RE, Tosato G, Nakayama T, O'Shea JJ, Sher A, Jankovic D. Microbial ligand-independent regulation of lymphopoiesis by NOD1. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2080-2090. [PMID: 37957354 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant differentiation of progenitor cells in the hematopoietic system is known to severely impact host immune responsiveness. Here we demonstrate that NOD1, a cytosolic innate sensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, also functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors as well as peripheral T lymphocyte homeostasis. We further show that NOD1 mediates these functions by facilitating STAT5 signaling downstream of hematopoietic cytokines. In steady-state, loss of NOD1 resulted in a modest but significant decrease in numbers of mature T, B and natural killer cells. During systemic protozoan infection this defect was markedly enhanced, leading to host mortality. Lack of functional NOD1 also impaired T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity while preventing colitis. These findings reveal that, in addition to its classical role as a bacterial ligand receptor, NOD1 plays an important function in regulating adaptive immunity through interaction with a major host cytokine signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Iwamura
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis A Flomerfelt
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexie Carletti
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Saito S, Hashimoto H, Wakashin H, Ishibane M, Pae S, Saito S, Reien Y, Hirayama Y, Seo Y, Mizushima T, Anzai N. Central administered xenin induced Fos expression in nesfatin-1 neurons in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110788. [PMID: 37844783 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide identified in human gastric mucosa, which is widely expressed in peripheral and central tissues. It is known that the central or peripheral administration of xenin decreases food intake in rodents. Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 (nesfatin-1) has been identified as an anorexic neuropeptide, it is often found co-localized with many peptides in the central nervous system. After the intracerebroventricular administration of xenin on nesfain-1-like immunoreactivity (LI) neurons, we examined its effects on food intake and water intake in rats. As a result, Fos-LI neurons were observed in the organum vasculosum of the laminae terminalis (OVLT), the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), the subfornical organ (SFO), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the arcuate nucleus (Arc), the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), the central amygdaloid nucleus (CAN), the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), the locus coeruleus (LC), the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). After the administration, the number of Fos-LI neurons was significantly increased in the LC and the OVLT, the MnPO, the SFO, the SON, the PVN, the Arc, the LHA, the CAN, the DR, the AP and the NTS, compared with the control group. After the administration of xenin, we conducted double immunohistochemistry for Fos and nesfatin-1, and found that the number of nesfatin-1-LI neurons expressing Fos were significantly increased in the SON, the PVN, the Arc, the LHA, the CAN, the DR, the AP and the NTS, compared with the control group. The pretreatment of nesfatin-1 antisense significantly attenuated this xenin-induced feeding suppression, while that of nesfatin-1 missense showed no improvement. These results indicate that central administered xenin may have anorexia effects associated with activated central nesfatin-1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN; Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University, 8880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN; Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University, 8880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Misaki Ishibane
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
| | - Sangjon Pae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
| | - Shinpei Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
| | - Yoshie Reien
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizushima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University, 8880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, JAPAN
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Shrivastav S, Lee H, Okamoto K, Lu H, Yoshida T, Latt KZ, Wakashin H, Dalgleish JLT, Koritzinsky EH, Xu P, Asico LD, Chung JY, Hewitt S, Gildea JJ, Felder RA, Jose PA, Rosenberg AZ, Knepper MA, Kino T, Kopp JB. HIV-1 Vpr suppresses expression of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273313. [PMID: 36129874 PMCID: PMC9491550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) impairs functions of both glomeruli and tubules. Attention has been previously focused on the HIVAN glomerulopathy. Tubular injury has drawn increased attention because sodium wasting is common in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients. We used viral protein R (Vpr)-transgenic mice to investigate the mechanisms whereby Vpr contributes to urinary sodium wasting. In phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter-driven Vpr-transgenic mice, in situ hybridization showed that Vpr mRNA was expressed in all nephron segments, including the distal convoluted tubule. Vpr-transgenic mice, compared with wild-type littermates, markedly increased urinary sodium excretion, despite similar plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. Kidneys from Vpr-transgenic mice also markedly reduced protein abundance of the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC), while mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein expression level was unchanged. In African green monkey kidney cells, Vpr abrogated the aldosterone-mediated stimulation of MR transcriptional activity. Gene expression of Slc12a3 (NCC) in Vpr-transgenic mice was significantly lower compared with wild-type mice, assessed by both qRT-PCR and RNAScope in situ hybridization analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified multiple MR response elements (MRE), located from 5 kb upstream of the transcription start site and extending to the third exon of the SLC12A3 gene. Mutation of MRE and SP1 sites in the SLC12A3 promoter region abrogated the transcriptional responses to aldosterone and Vpr, indicating that functional MRE and SP1 are required for the SLC12A3 gene suppression in response to Vpr. Thus, Vpr attenuates MR transcriptional activity and inhibits Slc12a3 transcription in the distal convoluted tubule and contributes to salt wasting in Vpr-transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Shrivastav
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hewang Lee
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Khun Zaw Latt
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James L. T. Dalgleish
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erik H. Koritzinsky
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laureano D. Asico
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John J. Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Morita A, Ouchi M, Satoh K, Kobayashi S, Terada M, Wakashin H, Kon H, Hayashi K, Anzai N, Shimizu A, Sugihara H, Oba K, Fujita T. The Effects of Trypsin Inhibitor on Insulin Secretion Using Rat Pancreas in an Organ Bath. In Vivo 2021; 35:2551-2558. [PMID: 34410942 PMCID: PMC8408692 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We developed an experimental method to reproduce insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreas preparations using an organ bath system. However, secretion of trypsin, another pancreatic enzyme, interferes with insulin production in such systems. We aimed to ascertain the minimum trypsin inhibitor (TI), dose for obtaining a sustained, stable rate of insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The action of TI (1-10 μg/ml) on pancreatic preparations of male Wistar-Imamichi rats in organ bath experiments was assessed by measuring insulin, amylase, and trypsin activity. RESULTS The level of insulin outflow remained steady in the TI-treated samples, in contrast to that in the untreated control, where insulin secretion decreased over time. The level of amylase outflow did not change significantly. Trypsin activity was significantly lower in the TI-treated samples than in the control. CONCLUSION Even low concentrations of TI can maintain insulin secretion by inhibiting trypsin activity in organ bath experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misao Terada
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kon
- Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Oba
- Kawaguchi Sakura Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Seo E, Wakashin H, Seo Y. The kidney of the Nodularia freshwater mussel has a larger filtration-size and counter-current system with improved water excretion compared with the seawater mussel Mytilus. Biol Open 2021; 10:269051. [PMID: 34100539 PMCID: PMC8214426 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological studies and magnetic resonance imaging were employed to analyze the kidney structure and function of the freshwater mussel, Nodularia douglasiae. The Nodularia kidney consists of proximal, intermediate and distal tubules. The epithelia of the renal tubules were composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells. The proximal and distal tubules run in opposite directions underneath the pericardial cavity. Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values for the kidney filtration were detected by MR tracer injections: gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GdDTPA) at 0.55 kDa, an oligomer-based contrast agent (CH3-DTPA-Gd) at 2.2 kDa, as well as Gd-DTPA-polylysine at 10, 22, and 110 kDa. The T1w-MRI intensity and T1 relaxation rate (R1) of the pericardial cavity and renal tubules increased with tracers smaller than 10 kDa. The other tracers showed only minimal or no increase. Thus, we concluded that the MWCO of the kidney is 22 kDa, 50 times larger than that for the Mytilus living in seawater. Since the R1 values of the renal tubules were similar to those of the pericardial cavity, the kidney did not concentrate filtrated tracers. The slow decay of the magnetic resonance (MR) tracers from the renal tubules indicated a low filtration rate, suggesting that the counter-current system reabsorbs useful solutes without reabsorption of water. The higher MWCO may be beneficial to maintain the tubular oncotic pressure and allow excretion of excess water. In conclusion, a main renal function of the freshwater mussel is the excretion of water, opposite to that of the seawater mussel and vertebrates, which preserve water. Summary: The molecular weight cut-off of the freshwater mussel Nodularia douglasiae (22 kDa) is larger than the seawater mussel Mytilus (0.5 kDa), and N. douglasiae has better water excretion with a counter-current system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Seo
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Division of Marine Life Science, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Goi Hospital, Ichihara 290-0056, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Faculty of Home Economics, Aichi Gakusen University, Okazaki 444-8520, Japan
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Fukuta M, Suzuki K, Kojima S, Yabe Y, Suzuki K, Iida K, Yamada H, Makino S, Iwata A, Tanaka S, Iwamoto T, Suto A, Nakagomi D, Wakashin H, Maezawa Y, Maezawa Y, Takemoto M, Asanuma K, Nakajima H. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) expressed in podocytes attenuates glomerulonephritis and suppresses autoantibody production in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000426. [PMID: 34016718 PMCID: PMC8141454 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recently, podocytes have been recognised not only as a physical barrier to prevent urinary protein loss but also as producers of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the roles of podocytes in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) remain largely unknown. This study aims to determine the roles of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members expressed in glomeruli in the regulation of LN. Methods We investigated the expression of SOCS family members in glomeruli in murine lupus model induced by repeated epicutaneous administration of the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod. We also investigated the roles of SOCS3 expressed in podocytes in the imiquimod-induced glomerulonephritis and systemic autoimmunity by using podocyte-specific SOCS3-deficient mice (podocin-Cre x SOCS3fl/fl mice (SOCS3-cKO mice)). Finally, we investigated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SOCS3-deficient podocyte cell lines. Results qPCR analysis revealed that among SOCS family members, SOCS3 was preferentially induced in glomeruli on epicutaneous administration of imiquimod and that interleukin 6 (IL-6) induced SOCS3 expression in podocyte cell lines. SOCS3-cKO mice exhibited severe glomerulonephritis, high levels of serum creatinine and urine albumin and decreased survival rate compared with control SOCS3-WT mice. Levels of anti-double-strand DNA antibody, SOCS (GC) formation and the numbers of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and GC B cells in the spleen were higher in SOCS3-cKO mice than those in SOCS3-WT mice. Serum IL-6 levels and expression of IL-6 mRNA in glomeruli were also elevated in SOCS3-cKO mice. IL-6-induced IL-6 expression was enhanced in SOCS3-deficient podocyte cell lines compared with that in SOCS3-sufficient podocyte cell lines. Conclusion SOCS3 expressed in podocytes plays protective roles for the development of glomerulonephritis and inhibits autoantibody production in the imiquimod-induced lupus model presumably by suppressing IL-6 production of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Fukuta
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Suzuki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kojima
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Yabe
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Suzuki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuma Iida
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Makino
- Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Iwamoto
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Suto
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakagomi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Maezawa
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Wakashin H, Heymann J, Roshanravan H, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Rosenberg A, Shin MK, Hoek M, Kopp JB. APOL1 renal risk variants exacerbate podocyte injury by increasing inflammatory stress. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:371. [PMID: 32854642 PMCID: PMC7450955 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein L1, APOL1, is a trypanosome lytic factor present in human and certain other primates. APOL1 gene variants, present in individuals of recent sub-Saharan African descent, increase risk for glomerular disease and associate with the disease progression, but the molecular mechanisms have not been defined. Objectives We focus on the mechanism how APOL1 variant proteins enhance podocyte injury in the stressed kidney. Methods First, we investigated the expression of APOL1 protein isoform and the localization of APOL1 protein in the kidney. Next, we examined the role of APOL1 in the podocyte stress and the inflammatory signaling in the kidney after hemi-nephrectomy. Results We identified a novel RNA variant that lacks a secretory pathway signal sequence and we found that the predicted APOL1-B3 protein isoform was expressed in human podocytes in vivo and by BAC-APOL1 transgenic mice. APOL1-B3-G2 transgenic mice, carrying a renal risk variant, manifested podocyte injury and increased pro-IL-1β mRNA in isolated glomeruli and increased IL-1β production in the remnant kidney after uninephrectomy. APOL1-B3 interacted with NLRP12, a key regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Conclusions These results suggest a possible mechanism for podocyte injury by which one of the APOL1 protein isoforms, APOL1-B3 and its renal risk variants, enhances inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Jurgen Heymann
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | | | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myung Kyun Shin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Maze Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA.
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8
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Okunushi K, Furihata T, Morio H, Muto Y, Higuchi K, Kaneko M, Otsuka Y, Ohno Y, Watanabe Y, Reien Y, Nakagawa K, Sakamoto S, Wakashin H, Shimojo N, Anzai N. JPH203, a newly developed anti-cancer drug, shows a preincubation inhibitory effect on L-type amino acid transporter 1 function. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:16-22. [PMID: 32653341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
JPH203 is a novel anti-cancer drug targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), which plays a primary role in the uptake of essential amino acids in tumor cells. Although a co-incubation inhibitory effect of JPH203 has been shown in a conventional uptake assay, its preincubation inhibitory effects have remained undetermined. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the preincubation inhibitory effects of JPH203 on LAT1 function using leucine uptake assays in LAT1-positive human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Preincubation of the cells with JPH203 (0.3 μM for 120 min) decreased the activity level to 30% of that in dimethylsulfoxide-treated cells. Similarly, in time-dependency analysis, preincubation of HT-29 cells with 10 μM JPH203 for 30, 60, and 120 min decreased the leucine uptake activity (42%, 32%, and 28% of that in control cells, respectively). Furthermore, the IC50 value of the combination of preincubation and co-incubation effects was lower than that of co-incubation inhibition alone (34.2 ± 3.6 nM vs. 99.2 ± 11.0 nM). In conclusion, we revealed that JPH203 has the capability to inhibit LAT1 function through preincubation effects. Moreover, preincubation synergistically enhances the co-incubation inhibitory effects. These findings provide a novel insight into the anti-cancer effects of JPH203 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Okunushi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hanae Morio
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Muto
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Meika Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshie Reien
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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9
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Morita A, Ouchi M, Satoh K, Terada M, Kon H, Wakashin H, Hayashi K, Anzai N, Oba K, Shimizu A, Fujita T. Development of an organ bath technique for isolated rat pancreas preparations to assess the effect of 1,5-AG on insulin secretion. Exp Anim 2020; 69:127-134. [PMID: 31735767 PMCID: PMC7220716 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate substances related to insulin secretion, we reported a convenient
experimental method to reproduce insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreas preparations
using an organ bath. While the method has experimental utility for investigating insulin
secretion, optimization of the experimental design is still needed. The level of insulin
outflow in the control decreased over time in our previous study. Decreasing serum
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels is also known to be shown in patients with worsening
glycemic control. There is one in vitro report demonstrated that 1,5-AG
induced insulin release. It appears that discussion needs to be deepened further on it. In
this study, we investigated the effect of 1,5-AG on insulin secretion through to optimize
the condition of endocrine function using the ex vivo organ bath
technique. The level of insulin outflow in the control and 1,5-AG groups decreased over
time in the organ bath experiment. To analyze the effect of trypsin on reduced insulin
secretion, pancreas preparation was treated with soybean trypsin inhibitor (TI). Insulin
outflow levels of the TI group were significantly higher than the control group. An enzyme
indicator of tissue damage tended to be lower in the TI group. There was no significant
enhancement of insulin secretion by 1,5-AG. The present study demonstrated the utility of
TI application for the organ bath technique. This finding supported the development of an
organ bath technique for the assessment of the effects of novel therapeutics on insulin
secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Misao Terada
- Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kon
- Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenzo Oba
- Kawaguchi Sakura Clinic, 258-2, Goudo, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0832, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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10
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Wakashin H, Seo E, Seo Y. Size-selective filtration of the atrial wall estimated from the accumulation of tracers in the kidney of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209171. [PMID: 31548287 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) for the atrial wall filtration into kidneys of the Mytilus galloprovincialis, we employed five magnetic resonance (MR) tracers: manganese chloride (Mn2+), gadolinium chloride (Gd3+), manganese-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (MnEDTA), gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (GdDTPA) and oligomer-based contrast agent (CH3-DTPA-Gd). After injection of the MR tracers (1 or 2 mmol l-1×0.1 ml) into the visceral mass, T 1-weighted MR imaging (T 1w-MRI) and the longitudinal relaxation rates (1/T 1=R 1) were measured at 20°C. The MR tracers were distributed uniformly in the visceral mass within 1 h after injection. The T 1w-MRI intensity and R 1 of the kidney (R 1K) were increased by Mn2+ and MnEDTA, with urine concentrations estimated at 210 and 65 µmol l-1, respectively. The rest of the tracers showed only minimal or no increase. When the mussels were additionally incubated in seawater with 10 µmol l-1 MnCl2, R 1K was increased in the GdDTPA group, but not in the GdCl3 group. Therefore, Gd3+ might have inhibited renal accumulation of Mn2+ and Gd3+ Incubation in seawater with 10 µmol l-1 MnEDTA showed no increase in the R 1K, but additional incubation with 10 µmol l-1 MnCl2 caused an increase in R 1K It is suggested that injected MnEDTA was filtrated as MnEDTA per se, and not likely separated into free Mn2+ Thus, we concluded that the MWCO of the atrial wall of the M. galloprovincialis is around 0.5 kDa, which is almost 1/100 of that for vertebrate animals, and suggests a reduction in efforts to reabsorb metabolites and osmolytes from the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Eriko Seo
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Division of Marine Life Science, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Purpose: In order to detect exercised muscles by the increase in T2, we have defined a Gaussian T2 distribution and reference values (T2r and SDr) in resting state muscles, and a threshold for detecting exercised muscles. Methods: The subjects were healthy adult volunteers (14 males and 12 females). Multiple-spin-echo (MSE) MR images were obtained with 10 TE values from 10 to 100 ms using a 0.2T MRI system. T2 values for 10 forearm muscles were obtained in the resting state and after isometric wrist flexion exercise with 5%, 15%, and 25% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Z values were obtained by (T2e − T2r)/SDr, where T2e was T2 after exercise. Based on sample size calculations, three thresholds (ZT = 1.00, 2.56, and 3.07) were applied to agonist and antagonist muscles. Results: A normal distribution of T2 was detected in resting muscles at 34 ± 3 ms (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) in 26 subjects using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Jarque–Bera test (P > 0.05). No gender differences were shown between the T2 or SD, and a similar result was obtained in 12 measurements on a single subject (P < 0.01). The T2r and SDr were used for reference values. The threshold ZT = 1.00 showed the highest sensitivity (0.86) even with 5% MVC, but it showed a lower specificity (0.85) than the other thresholds. ZT = 3.07 showed the highest specificity (1.0), but it showed a lower sensitivity (0.36) with the 5% MVC, compared with ZT = 2.56 (0.50). The receiver operating characteristics analysis also supported these results. Conclusion: We found that the T2 distribution in muscles was Gaussian, suggesting that a one-sample t-test can be applied, and that ZT = 2.56 could cover low-intensity exercise with high specificity and a low false-positive rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takamori
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, University of Dokkyo School of Medicine.,Department of Physical Therapy, Aoi Medical Academy
| | - Sumikazu Akiyama
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, University of Dokkyo School of Medicine.,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | - Kazuya Yoshida
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, University of Dokkyo School of Medicine.,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, University of Dokkyo School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, University of Dokkyo School of Medicine
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12
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Otsuka Y, Furihata T, Nakagawa K, Ohno Y, Reien Y, Ouchi M, Wakashin H, Tsuruoka S, Anzai N. Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 interacts with the RING finger- and PDZ domain-containing protein PDZRN3. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:635-642. [PMID: 31098988 PMCID: PMC10717332 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter SMCT1 (SLC5A8) mediates monocarboxylate transport in the proximal tubule of the kidney. We have identified PDZK1 and PDZ domain-containing RING finger 3 (PDZRN3) as potent binding partners of SMCT1, which has a PDZ motif (Thr-Arg-Leu), by yeast two-hybrid screening and revealed that PDZK1 enhances the transport activity of SMCT1. In this study, we aimed to characterize the interaction between SMCT1 and PDZRN3 as well as to examine how PDZRN3 regulates SMCT1 function. An interaction between SMCT1 and PDZRN3 through the PDZ motif was observed in a co-immunoprecipitation assay and yeast two-hybrid assay. A transport assay showed that PDZRN3 abolished the enhancing effect of PDZK1 on nicotinate uptake via SMCT1. Our results suggest that SMCT1 interacts with PDZRN3 and that PDZRN3 may regulate SMCT1 function by interfering with the interaction between SMCT1 and PDZK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshie Reien
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuruoka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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13
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Okamoto K, Rausch JW, Wakashin H, Fu Y, Chung JY, Dummer PD, Shin MK, Chandra P, Suzuki K, Shrivastav S, Rosenberg AZ, Hewitt SM, Ray PE, Noiri E, Le Grice SFJ, Hoek M, Han Z, Winkler CA, Kopp JB. APOL1 risk allele RNA contributes to renal toxicity by activating protein kinase R. Commun Biol 2018; 1:188. [PMID: 30417125 PMCID: PMC6220249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
APOL1 risk alleles associate with chronic kidney disease in African Americans, but the mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We show that APOL1 risk alleles activate protein kinase R (PKR) in cultured cells and transgenic mice. This effect is preserved when a premature stop codon is introduced to APOL1 risk alleles, suggesting that APOL1 RNA but not protein is required for the effect. Podocyte expression of APOL1 risk allele RNA, but not protein, in transgenic mice induces glomerular injury and proteinuria. Structural analysis of the APOL1 RNA shows that the risk variants possess secondary structure serving as a scaffold for tandem PKR binding and activation. These findings provide a mechanism by which APOL1 variants damage podocytes and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okamoto
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Hemodialysis & Apheresis, University Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 133-8655, Japan
| | - Jason W Rausch
- Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 1050 Boyle Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patrick D Dummer
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Myung K Shin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Preeti Chandra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kosuke Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shashi Shrivastav
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patricio E Ray
- Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology, Hemodialysis & Apheresis, University Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 133-8655, Japan
| | - Stuart F J Le Grice
- Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 1050 Boyle Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, 8560 Progress Dr., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Wakashin H, Seo E, Seo Y. Accumulation and excretion of manganese ion in the kidney of M ytilus galloprovincialis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.185439. [PMID: 30065036 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T 1w-MRI) was employed to detect the accumulation of manganese ion (Mn2+) in urine in the kidney of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the longitudinal relaxation rates (1/T 1=R 1) were measured. When the mussel was exposed to seawater containing 10 µmol l-1 Mn2+, the T 1w-MRI intensity and R 1 of the kidney, stomach and digestive glands were increased. Mn2+ might be taken into the hemolymph via the gastrointestinal tract, and then filtrated into the pericardium via the auricles. Although the image intensity in the pericardium was not affected by manganese, an image intensity enhancement was observed in the distal part of the renopericardial communication canals between the pericardium and the kidneys, indicating Mn2+ was concentrated in the excretion pathway. As the seawater Mn2+ concentration ([Mn2+]SW) was increased from 3 to 50 µmol l-1, R 1 of the kidney (R 1K) was elevated. When the mussels were immersed in 3-10 µmol l-1 [Mn2+]SW for 24 h, the Mn2+ concentration in the kidney ([Mn2+]K) showed a 15-fold increase compared with the ambient [Mn2+]SW In the range of [Mn2+]SW from 10 to 50 µmol l-1, R 1K reached a plateau level that corresponded to 200 µmol l-1 [Mn2+]K As [Mn2+]K fell transiently, voluntary excretion of urine from the kidney was assumed. The decreases in intensity were not synchronized between the right and left kidneys, and the closure of the shells might not be essential for urinary excretion. The voluntary excretion suggested an additional explanation for the large range in metal concentratons in the kidneys of the mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Eriko Seo
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Division of Marine Life Science, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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15
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Carson JM, Okamura K, Wakashin H, McFann K, Dobrinskikh E, Kopp JB, Blaine J. Podocytes degrade endocytosed albumin primarily in lysosomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99771. [PMID: 24924335 PMCID: PMC4055698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria is a strong, independent predictor of chronic kidney disease progression. We hypothesize that podocyte processing of albumin via the lysosome may be an important determinant of podocyte injury and loss. A human urine derived podocyte-like epithelial cell (HUPEC) line was used for in vitro experiments. Albumin uptake was quantified by Western blot after loading HUPECs with fluorescein-labeled (FITC) albumin. Co-localization of albumin with lysosomes was determined by confocal microscopy. Albumin degradation was measured by quantifying FITC-albumin abundance in HUPEC lysates by Western blot. Degradation experiments were repeated using HUPECs treated with chloroquine, a lysosome inhibitor, or MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor. Lysosome activity was measured by fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching (FRAP). Cytokine production was measured by ELISA. Cell death was determined by trypan blue staining. In vivo, staining with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) was performed on tissue from a Denys-Drash trangenic mouse model of nephrotic syndrome. HUPECs endocytosed albumin, which co-localized with lysosomes. Choloroquine, but not MG-132, inhibited albumin degradation, indicating that degradation occurs in lysosomes. Cathepsin B activity, measured by FRAP, significantly decreased in HUPECs exposed to albumin (12.5% of activity in controls) and chloroquine (12.8%), and declined further with exposure to albumin plus chloroquine (8.2%, p<0.05). Cytokine production and cell death were significantly increased in HUPECs exposed to albumin and chloroquine alone, and these effects were potentiated by exposure to albumin plus chloroquine. Compared to wild-type mice, glomerular staining of LAMP-1 was significantly increased in Denys-Drash mice and appeared to be most prominent in podocytes. These data suggest lysosomes are involved in the processing of endocytosed albumin in podocytes, and lysosomal dysfunction may contribute to podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis in albuminuric diseases. Modifiers of lysosomal activity may have therapeutic potential in slowing the progression of glomerulosclerosis by enhancing the ability of podocytes to process and degrade albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Carson
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kayo Okamura
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kim McFann
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith Blaine
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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16
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Takahashi K, Hirose K, Kawashima S, Niwa Y, Wakashin H, Iwata A, Tokoyoda K, Nakayama T, Nakajima H. IL-22 attenuates IL-25 production by lung epithelial cells and inhibits antigen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation (59.8). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.59.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: IL-22 functions as both a proinflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine in various inflammations. However, the roles of IL-22 in the allergic airway inflammation are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether IL-22 is involved in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS: We examined IL-22 production and its cellular source at the site of antigen-induced airway inflammation in mice. We also examined the effect of IL-22 neutralization, as well as IL-22 administration. We finally examined the effect of IL-22 on IL-25 production from a lung epithelial cell line (MLE-15 cells). RESULTS: Antigen inhalation induced IL-22 production in CD4(+) T cells. Only one third of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells also produced IL-17A. Anti-IL-22 antibody administration enhanced antigen-induced IL-13 production, eosinophil recruitment, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways. On the other hand, intranasal administration of rIL-22 attenuated eosinophil recruitment. Moreover, anti-IL-22 antibody enhanced IL-25 production in the airways, and anti-IL-25 antibody reversed the enhancing effect of anti-IL-22 antibody on eosinophil recruitment into the airways. Finally, IL-22 inhibited IL-13-mediated enhancement of IL-25 expression in IL-1β- or LPS-stimulated MLE-15 cells. CONCLUSION: IL-22 attenuates antigen-induced airway inflammation, possibly by inhibiting IL-25 production by lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takahashi
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirose
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saki Kawashima
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Niwa
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Tokoyoda
- 2Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- 2Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Takahashi K, Hirose K, Kawashima S, Niwa Y, Wakashin H, Iwata A, Tokoyoda K, Renauld JC, Iwamoto I, Nakayama T, Nakajima H. IL-22 attenuates IL-25 production by lung epithelial cells and inhibits antigen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1067-76.e1-6. [PMID: 21794904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22 functions as both a proinflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory cytokine in various inflammations, depending on the cellular and cytokine milieu. However, the roles of IL-22 in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether IL-22 is involved in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS We examined IL-22 production and its cellular source at the site of antigen-induced airway inflammation in mice. We also examined the effect of IL-22 neutralization, as well as IL-22 administration, on antigen-induced airway inflammation. We finally examined the effect of IL-22 on IL-25 production from a lung epithelial cell line (MLE-15 cells). RESULTS Antigen inhalation induced IL-22 production in the airways of sensitized mice. CD4(+) T cells, but not other lymphocytes or innate cells, infiltrating in the airways produced IL-22, and one third of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells also produced IL-17A. The neutralization of IL-22 by anti-IL-22 antibody enhanced antigen-induced IL-13 production, eosinophil recruitment, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways. On the other hand, intranasal administration of recombinant IL-22 attenuated antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways. Moreover, anti-IL-22 antibody enhanced antigen-induced IL-25 production in the airways, and anti-IL-25 antibody reversed the enhancing effect of anti-IL-22 antibody on antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways. Finally, IL-22 inhibited IL-13-mediated enhancement of IL-25 expression in IL-1β- or LPS-stimulated MLE-15 cells. CONCLUSION IL-22 attenuates antigen-induced airway inflammation, possibly by inhibiting IL-25 production by lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Iida K, Suzuki K, Yokota M, Nakagomi D, Wakashin H, Iwata A, Kawashima H, Takatori H, Nakajima H. STAT4 Is Required for IFN-β-Induced MCP-1 mRNA Expression in Murine Mast Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 155 Suppl 1:71-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000327300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Wakashin H, Hirose K, Iwamoto I, Nakajima H. Role of IL-23-Th17 cell axis in allergic airway inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 149 Suppl 1:108-12. [PMID: 19494515 DOI: 10.1159/000211382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli. It is now generally accepted that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. On the other hand, Th17 cells and IL-23, a cytokine that preferentially expands Th17 cells, play a significant role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Recently, we have shown that IL-23 and Th17 cells enhance not only neutrophilic airway inflammation but also Th2 cell-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. In this review, we will discuss the roles of IL-23 and Th17 cells in airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Wakashin H, Hirose K, Maezawa Y, Kagami SI, Suto A, Watanabe N, Saito Y, Hatano M, Tokuhisa T, Iwakura Y, Puccetti P, Iwamoto I, Nakajima H. IL-23 and Th17 cells enhance Th2-cell-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:1023-32. [PMID: 18787221 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-086oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The IL-23-IL-17A-producing CD4(+) T-cell (Th17 cell) axis plays an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the IL-23-Th17 cell axis in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of IL-23 and Th17 cells in allergic airway inflammation. METHODS We examined the effect of anti-IL-23 antibody on antigen-induced airway inflammation. We also investigated the effect of enforced expression of IL-23 on allergic airway inflammation by generating lung-specific IL-23 transgenic mice. Moreover, we examined the effect of adoptive transfer of antigen-specific Th17 cells on allergic airway inflammation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-23 mRNA was expressed in the lung of sensitized mice upon antigen inhalation, and the neutralization of IL-23 decreased antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment and Th2 cytokine production in the airways. The enforced expression of IL-23 in the airways significantly enhanced antigen-induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment into the airways; Th2 cytokine, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in the airways; goblet cell hyperplasia; and airway hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, IL-23-mediated enhancement of antigen-induced Th2 cytokine production and eosinophil recruitment in the airways was still observed in the mice lacking IL-17A. Furthermore, although adoptive transfer of antigen-specific Th17 cells alone induced neutrophil but not eosinophil recruitment into the airways upon antigen inhalation, cotransfer of Th17 cells with Th2 cells significantly enhanced antigen-induced Th2-cell-mediated eosinophil recruitment into the airways and airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS IL-23 and Th17 cells not only induce Th17-cell-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation but also up-regulate Th2-cell-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Hirose K, Wakashin H, Oki M, Kagami SI, Suto A, Ikeda K, Watanabe N, Iwamoto I, Furuichi Y, Nakajima H. GS143, an IkappaB ubiquitination inhibitor, inhibits allergic airway inflammation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:507-11. [PMID: 18656449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation with intense eosinophil infiltration and mucus hyper-production, in which antigen-specific Th2 cells play critical roles. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway has been demonstrated to be essential for the production of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in the airways in murine asthma models. In the present study, we examined the effect of GS143, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of IkappaB ubiquitination, on antigen-induced airway inflammation and Th2 cytokine production in mice. Intranasal administration of GS143 prior to antigen challenge suppressed antigen-induced NF-kappaB activation in the lung of sensitized mice. Intranasal administration of GS143 also inhibited antigen-induced eosinophil and lymphocyte recruitment into the airways as well as the expression of Th2 cytokines and eotaxin in the airways. Moreover, GS143 inhibited antigen-induced differentiation of Th2 cells but not of Th1 cells in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that IkappaB ubiquitination inhibitor may have therapeutic potential against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hirose
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
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Fujiwara M, Hirose K, Kagami SI, Takatori H, Wakashin H, Tamachi T, Watanabe N, Saito Y, Iwamoto I, Nakajima H. T-bet inhibits both TH2 cell-mediated eosinophil recruitment and TH17 cell-mediated neutrophil recruitment into the airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:662-70. [PMID: 17336616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that mice lacking T-bet, a critical transcription factor for T(H)1 cell differentiation, spontaneously develop airway inflammation with intense eosinophil infiltrates. However, the mechanism underlying T-bet-mediated inhibition of allergic airway inflammation is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the regulatory role of T-bet in antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS We examined the role of T-bet in antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation using T-bet(-/-) mice on a BALB/c background that did not develop spontaneous airway inflammation. We also examined the role of T-bet expression of CD4(+) T cells in airway inflammation by adoptive transfer experiments. RESULTS We found that antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment, goblet cell hyperplasia, and T(H)2 cytokine production in the airways were enhanced in T-bet(-/-) mice. However, in the absence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), T-bet deficiency could not induce the antigen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. Adoptive transfer of T-bet(-/-) or T-bet(+/+) CD4(+) T cells to T-bet(-/-)Rag-2(-/-) mice revealed that the expression of T-bet in CD4(+) T cells was vital for the inhibition of antigen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. Interestingly, antigen-induced neutrophil recruitment in the airways was also enhanced in T-bet(-/-) mice. Moreover, T-bet(-/-) CD4(+) T cells preferentially differentiated into IL-17-producing cells that mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation. CONCLUSION T-bet inhibits both T(H)2 cell-mediated eosinophilic inflammation and T(H)17 cell-mediated neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The dysfunction of T-bet may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, in which accumulation of neutrophils as well as eosinophils in the airways is a hallmark of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Fujiwara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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