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Hu Y, Han L, Xu W, Li T, Zhao Q, Lu W, Sun J, Wang Y. CARD11 regulates the thymic Treg development in an NF-κB-independent manner. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364957. [PMID: 38650932 PMCID: PMC11033321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CARD11 is a lymphoid lineage-specific scaffold protein regulating the NF-κB activation downstream of the antigen receptor signal pathway. Defective CARD11 function results in abnormal development and differentiation of lymphocytes, especially thymic regulatory T cells (Treg). Method In this study, we used patients' samples together with transgenic mouse models carrying pathogenic CARD11 mutations from patients to explore their effects on Treg development. Immunoblotting and a GFP receptor assay were used to evaluate the activation effect of CARD11 mutants on NF-κB signaling. Then the suppressive function of Tregs carrying distinct CARD11 mutations was measured by in vitro suppression assay. Finally, we applied the retroviral transduced bone marrow chimeras to rescue the Treg development in an NF-κB independent manner. Results and discuss We found CARD11 mutations causing hyper-activated NF-κB signals also gave rise to compromised Treg development in the thymus, similar to the phenotype in Card11 deficient mice. This observation challenges the previous view that CARD11 regulates Treg lineage dependent on the NF-kB activation. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the noncanonical function CARD11, which negatively regulates the AKT/ FOXO1 signal pathway, is responsible for regulating Treg generation. Moreover, primary immunodeficiency patients carrying CARD11 mutation, which autonomously activates NF-κB, also represented the reduced Treg population in their peripheral blood. Our results propose a new regulatory function of CARD11 and illuminate an NF-κB independent pathway for thymic Treg lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianci Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifan Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Jin Q, Jiang H, Han Y, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Zeng P, Yue L, Wu C. Frequent Gene Mutations and Their Possible Roles in the Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prognosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. World Neurosurg 2023; 170:99-106. [PMID: 36396049 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis. In recent years, the emergence of genetic subtypes of systematic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has highlighted the importance of molecular genetics, but large-scale research on the molecular genetics of PCNSL is lacking. Herein, we summarize the frequent gene mutations and discuss the possible pathogenesis of PCNSL. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) and CD79B mutations, which cause abnormal activation of noncanonical nuclear factor-κB, are prominent genetic abnormalities in PCNSL. They are considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of PCNSL. Other genes, such as caspase recruitment domain family member 11 (CARD11), tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, PR domain zinc finger protein 1, and proviral insertion in murine malignancies 1, are also frequently mutated. Notably, the pathogenesis of immune insufficiency-associated PCNSL is related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, and its progression may be affected by different signaling pathways. The different mutational patterns in different studies highlight the heterogeneity of PCNSL. However, existing research on the molecular genetics of PCNSL is still limited, and further research into PCNSL is required to clarify the genetic characteristics of PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Chai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengyun Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Yue
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Masle-Farquhar E, Jeelall Y, White J, Bier J, Deenick EK, Brink R, Horikawa K, Goodnow CC. CARD11 gain-of-function mutation drives cell-autonomous accumulation of PD-1 + ICOS high activated T cells, T-follicular, T-regulatory and T-follicular regulatory cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095257. [PMID: 36960072 PMCID: PMC10028194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germline CARD11 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations cause B cell Expansion with NF-κB and T cell Anergy (BENTA) disease, whilst somatic GOF CARD11 mutations recur in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and in up to 30% of the peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and Sezary Syndrome. Despite their frequent acquisition by PTCL, the T cell-intrinsic effects of CARD11 GOF mutations are poorly understood. Methods Here, we studied B and T lymphocytes in mice with a germline Nethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced Card11M365K mutation identical to a mutation identified in DLBCL and modifying a conserved region of the CARD11 coiled-coil domain recurrently mutated in DLBCL and PTCL. Results and discussion Our results demonstrate that CARD11.M365K is a GOF protein that increases B and T lymphocyte activation and proliferation following antigen receptor stimulation. Germline Card11M365K mutation was insufficient alone to cause B or T-lymphoma, but increased accumulation of germinal center (GC) B cells in unimmunized and immunized mice. Card11M365K mutation caused cell-intrinsic over-accumulation of activated T cells, T regulatory (TREG), T follicular (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells expressing increased levels of ICOS, CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoint molecules. Our results reveal CARD11 as an important, cell-autonomous positive regulator of TFH, TREG and TFR cells. They highlight T cell-intrinsic effects of a GOF mutation in the CARD11 gene, which is recurrently mutated in T cell malignancies that are often aggressive and associated with variable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Masle-Farquhar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Etienne Masle-Farquhar, ; Yogesh Jeelall,
| | - Yogesh Jeelall
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Immunology Department, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Etienne Masle-Farquhar, ; Yogesh Jeelall,
| | - Jacqueline White
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Bier
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elissa K. Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Immunology Department, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher Carl Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Thomas KR, Allenspach EJ, Camp ND, Wray-Dutra MN, Khim S, Zielinska-Kwiatkowska A, Timms AE, Loftus JP, Liggitt HD, Georgopoulos K, Tasian SK, James RG, Rawlings DJ. Activated interleukin-7 receptor signaling drives B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in mice. Leukemia 2022; 36:42-57. [PMID: 34193976 PMCID: PMC8716641 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk subtype of B-ALL often associated with genetic variants that alter cytokine receptor signaling, including mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R). To investigate whether IL7R variants are leukemia-initiating, we built mouse models expressing activated Il7r (aIL7R). B-cell intrinsic aIL7R mice developed spontaneous B-ALL, demonstrating sufficiency of Il7r activating mutations in leukemogenesis. Concomitant introduction of a knock-out allele in the associated adapter protein Lnk (encoded by Sh2b3) or a dominant-negative variant of the transcription factor Ikaros (Ikzf1) increased disease penetrance. The resulting murine leukemias displayed monoclonality and recurrent somatic Kras mutations and efficiently engrafted into immunocompetent mice. Phosphoproteomic analyses of aIL7R leukemic cells revealed constitutive Stat5 signaling and B cell receptor (BCR)-like signaling despite the absence of surface pre-BCR. Finally, in vitro treatment of aIL7R leukemic B-cells with Jak, mTOR, or Syk inhibitors blocked growth, confirming that each pathway is active in this mouse model of IL7R-driven B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri R Thomas
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Allenspach
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan D Camp
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle N Wray-Dutra
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Socheath Khim
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph P Loftus
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Arulraj T, Binder SC, Robert PA, Meyer-Hermann M. Germinal Centre Shutdown. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705240. [PMID: 34305944 PMCID: PMC8293096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal Centres (GCs) are transient structures in secondary lymphoid organs, where affinity maturation of B cells takes place following an infection. While GCs are responsible for protective antibody responses, dysregulated GC reactions are associated with autoimmune disease and B cell lymphoma. Typically, ‘normal’ GCs persist for a limited period of time and eventually undergo shutdown. In this review, we focus on an important but unanswered question – what causes the natural termination of the GC reaction? In murine experiments, lack of antigen, absence or constitutive T cell help leads to premature termination of the GC reaction. Consequently, our present understanding is limited to the idea that GCs are terminated due to a decrease in antigen access or changes in the nature of T cell help. However, there is no direct evidence on which biological signals are primarily responsible for natural termination of GCs and a mechanistic understanding is clearly lacking. We discuss the present understanding of the GC shutdown, from factors impacting GC dynamics to changes in cellular interactions/dynamics during the GC lifetime. We also address potential missing links and remaining questions in GC biology, to facilitate further studies to promote a better understanding of GC shutdown in infection and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theinmozhi Arulraj
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Binder
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe A Robert
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Mechanistic understanding of the combined immunodeficiency in complete human CARD11 deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1559-1574.e13. [PMID: 33872653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline pathogenic variants impairing the caspase recruitment domain family member 11 (CARD11)-B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 10 (BCL10)-MALT1 paracaspase (MALT1) (CBM) complex are associated with diverse human diseases including combined immunodeficiency (CID), atopy, and lymphoproliferation. However, the impact of CARD11 deficiency on human B-cell development, signaling, and function is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the cellular, immunological, and biochemical basis of disease for 2 unrelated patients who presented with profound CID associated with viral and fungal respiratory infections, interstitial lung disease, and severe colitis. METHODS Patients underwent next-generation sequencing, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, signaling assays by immunoblot, and transcriptome profiling by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS Both patients carried identical novel pathogenic biallelic loss-of-function variants in CARD11 (c.2509C>T; p.Arg837∗) leading to undetectable protein expression. This variant prevented CBM complex formation, severely impairing the activation of nuclear factor-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and MALT1 paracaspase activity in B and T cells. This functional defect resulted in a developmental block in B cells at the naive and type 1 transitional B-cell stage and impaired circulating T follicular helper cell (cTFH) development, which was associated with impaired antibody responses and absent germinal center structures on lymph node histology. Transcriptomics indicated that CARD11-dependent signaling is essential for immune signaling pathways involved in the development of these cells. Both patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, which led to functional normalization. CONCLUSIONS Complete human CARD11 deficiency causes profound CID by impairing naive/type 1 B-cell and cTFH cell development and abolishing activation of MALT1 paracaspase, NF-κB, and JNK activity. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation functionally restores impaired signaling pathways.
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7
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Nfkbie-deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to develop B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in aged mice. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:38. [PMID: 32170099 PMCID: PMC7070037 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-0305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NF-κB activation is a hallmark of most B-cell malignancies. Recurrent inactivating somatic mutations in the NFKBIE gene, which encodes IκBε, an inhibitor of NF-κB-inducible activity, are reported in several B-cell malignancies with highest frequencies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, and account for a fraction of NF-κB pathway activation. The impact of NFKBIE deficiency on B-cell development and function remains, however, largely unknown. Here, we show that Nfkbie-deficient mice exhibit an amplification of marginal zone B cells and an expansion of B1 B-cell subsets. In germinal center (GC)-dependent immune response, Nfkbie deficiency triggers expansion of GC B-cells through increasing cell proliferation in a B-cell autonomous manner. We also show that Nfkbie deficiency results in hyperproliferation of a B1 B-cell subset and leads to increased NF-κB activation in these cells upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. Nfkbie deficiency cooperates with mutant MYD88 signaling and enhances B-cell proliferation in vitro. In aged mice, Nfkbie absence drives the development of an oligoclonal indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, resembling monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Collectively, these findings shed light on an essential role of IκBε in finely tuning B-cell development and function.
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8
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Lindgren G, Ols S, Thompson EA, Loré K. Comparative analysis of the germinal center response by flow cytometry and immunohistology. J Immunol Methods 2019; 472:16-24. [PMID: 31194971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are structures formed within B cell follicles critical for the generation of high affinity antibodies. The evaluation of GCs in secondary lymphoid tissues has emerged as a valuable means for understanding the immunological activity in vaccine responses, autoimmunity and cancer. The analysis has been facilitated by advances in sampling techniques, including non-invasive lymph node collection and fine needle aspiration. In this study, we performed a systematic comparison between immunohistology and flow cytometry for analysis of GCs with the major aim to identify strategies for data analysis that would allow to relate data acquired by the two methods. Lymph nodes from rhesus macaques were divided in half and analysed as either cryosections or cell suspensions. Using human markers such as PD-1 and Ki67 to identify T follicular helper (TFH) cells and GC B cells, we developed a method for GC analysis by immunohistology using CellProfiler™ software and a flow cytometry panel with relatively limited numbers of antibodies to be scalable and feasible for most laboratories to perform. While some discrepancies between the two methods were identified, TFH cells and GC B cells normalized by total CD3+ T cell or CD20+ B cell numbers, respectively, in immunohistology correlated well with matched data from flow cytometry. GC area normalized by section area in immunohistology also correlated well with TFH cells per total live cells from flow cytometry. Performing this type of data analysis would therefore facilitate comparison of results generated between the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Lindgren
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Miao Y, Medeiros LJ, Xu-Monette ZY, Li J, Young KH. Dysregulation of Cell Survival in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:107. [PMID: 30881917 PMCID: PMC6406015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma worldwide, representing 30-40% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and is clinically aggressive. Although more than half of patients with DLBCL are cured by using standard first-line immunochemotherapy, the remaining patients are refractory to the first-line therapy or relapse after complete remission and these patients require novel therapeutic approaches. Understanding the pathogenesis of DLBCL is essential for identifying therapeutic targets to tackle this disease. Cell survival dysregulation, a hallmark of cancer, is a characteristic feature of DLBCL. Intrinsic signaling aberrations, tumor microenvironment dysfunction, and viral factors can all contribute to the cell survival dysregulation in DLBCL. In recent years, several novel drugs that target abnormal cell survival pathways, have been developed and tested in clinical trials of patients with DLBCL. In this review, we discuss cell survival dysregulation, the underlying mechanisms, and how to target abnormal cell survival therapeutically in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Miao
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Thys A, Douanne T, Bidère N. Post-translational Modifications of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 Complex in Lymphocytes and Activated B-Cell Like Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:498. [PMID: 30474008 PMCID: PMC6237847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Piracy of the NF-κB transcription factors signaling pathway, to sustain its activity, is a mechanism often deployed in B-cell lymphoma to promote unlimited growth and survival. The aggressive activated B-cell like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exploits a multi-protein complex of CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 (CBM complex), which normally conveys NF-κB signaling upon antigen receptors engagement. Once assembled, the CBM also unleashes MALT1 protease activity to finely tune the immune response. As a result, ABC DLBCL tumors develop a profound addiction to NF-κB and to MALT1 enzyme, leaving open a breach for therapeutics. However, the pleiotropic nature of NF-κB jeopardizes the success of its targeting and urges us to develop new strategies. In this review, we discuss how post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the CBM components, as well as, MALT1 proteolytic activity, shape the CBM activity in lymphocytes and ABC DLBCL, and may provide new avenues to restore vulnerability in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thys
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Douanne
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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