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Badaoui A, Sasaninia K, Mohan AS, Beever A, Kachour N, Raien A, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Subbian S, Venketaraman V. Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the Liver of Diabetic Mice. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1370. [PMID: 38927576 PMCID: PMC11202211 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes are highly susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Novel treatments for TB are needed to address the increased antibiotic resistance and hepatoxicity. Previous studies showed that the administration of liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) can mitigate oxidative stress, bolster a granulomatous response, and diminish the M. tb burden in the lungs of M. tb-infected mice. Nonetheless, the impact of combining L-GSH with conventional TB treatment (RIF) on the cytokine levels and granuloma formation in the livers of diabetic mice remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated hepatic cytokine profiles, GSH, and tissue pathologies in untreated and L-GSH, RIF, and L-GSH+RIF treated diabetic (db/db) M. tb-infected mice. Our results indicate that treatment of M. tb-infected db/db mice with L-GSH+RIF caused modulation in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and GSH in the liver and mitigation in the granuloma size in hepatic tissue. Supplementation with L-GSH+RIF led to a decrease in the M. tb burden by mitigating oxidative stress, promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restoring the cytokine balance. These findings highlight the potential of L-GSH+RIF combination therapy for addressing active EPTB, offering valuable insights into innovative treatments for M. tb infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Badaoui
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Abrianna Beever
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Nala Kachour
- College of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anmol Raien
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.K.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.K.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.K.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.K.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.S.M.); (A.R.)
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2
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Qu D, Ge P, Botella L, Park SW, Lee HN, Thornton N, Bean JM, Krieger IV, Sacchettini JC, Ehrt S, Aldrich CC, Schnappinger D. Mycobacterial biotin synthases require an auxiliary protein to convert dethiobiotin into biotin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4161. [PMID: 38755122 PMCID: PMC11099021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid biosynthesis in the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on biotin for posttranslational modification of key enzymes. However, the mycobacterial biotin synthetic pathway is not fully understood. Here, we show that rv1590, a gene of previously unknown function, is required by M. tuberculosis to synthesize biotin. Chemical-generic interaction experiments mapped the function of rv1590 to the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin, which is catalyzed by biotin synthases (BioB). Biochemical studies confirmed that in contrast to BioB of Escherichia coli, BioB of M. tuberculosis requires Rv1590 (which we named "biotin synthase auxiliary protein" or BsaP), for activity. We found homologs of bsaP associated with bioB in many actinobacterial genomes, and confirmed that BioB of Mycobacterium smegmatis also requires BsaP. Structural comparisons of BsaP-associated biotin synthases with BsaP-independent biotin synthases suggest that the need for BsaP is determined by the [2Fe-2S] cluster that inserts sulfur into dethiobiotin. Our findings open new opportunities to seek BioB inhibitors to treat infections with M. tuberculosis and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laure Botella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sae Woong Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Thornton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Bean
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna V Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Kolloli A, Kumar R, Venketaraman V, Subbian S. Immunopathology of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in a Humanized Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1656. [PMID: 38338937 PMCID: PMC10855034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy, tuberculosis (TB) is prevailing as a leading killer among human infectious diseases, which highlights the need for better intervention strategies to control TB. Several animal model systems, including mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates have been developed and explored to understand TB pathogenesis. Although each of these models contributes to our current understanding of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) interactions, none of these models fully recapitulate the pathological spectrum of clinical TB seen in human patients. Recently, humanized mouse models are being developed to improvise the limitations associated with the standard mouse model of TB, including lack of necrotic caseation of granulomas, a pathological hallmark of TB in humans. However, the spatial immunopathology of pulmonary TB in humanized mice is not fully understood. In this study, using a novel humanized mouse model, we evaluated the spatial immunopathology of pulmonary Mtb infection with a low-dose inoculum. Humanized NOD/LtSscidIL2Rγ null mice containing human fetal liver, thymus, and hematopoietic CD34+ cells and treated with human cytokines were aerosol challenged to implant <50 pathogenic Mtb (low dose) in the lungs. At 2 and 4 weeks post infection, the tissue bacterial load, disease pathology, and spatial immunohistology were determined in the lungs, liver, spleen, and adipose tissue using bacteriological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical techniques. The results indicate that implantation of <50 bacteria can establish a progressive disease in the lungs that transmits to other tissues over time. The disease pathology in organs correspondingly increased with the bacterial load. A distinct spatial distribution of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells were noted in the lung granulomas. The kinetics of spatial immune cell distribution were consistent with the disease pathology in the lungs. Thus, the novel humanized model recapitulates several key features of human pulmonary TB granulomatous response and can be a useful preclinical tool to evaluate potential anti-TB drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Kim MY, Mussá T, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Reljic R. Mucosal and systemic immune responses after a single intranasal dose of nanoparticle and spore-based subunit vaccines in mice with pre-existing lung mycobacterial immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306449. [PMID: 38130713 PMCID: PMC10733481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat that claims more than one million lives annually. With a quarter of the global population harbouring latent TB, post-exposure vaccination aimed at high-risk populations that could develop active TB disease would be of great public health benefit. Mucosal vaccination is an attractive approach for a predominantly lung disease like TB because it elicits both local and systemic immunity. However, the immunological consequence of mucosal immunisation in the presence of existing lung immunity remains largely unexplored. Using a mycobacterial pre-exposure mouse model, we assessed whether pre-existing mucosal and systemic immune responses can be boosted and/or qualitatively altered by intranasal administration of spore- and nanoparticle-based subunit vaccines. Analysis of lung T cell responses revealed an increasing trend in the frequency of important CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, and T effector memory cells with a Th1 cytokine (IFNγ and TNFα) signature among immunised mice. Additionally, significantly greater antigen specific Th1, Th17 and IL-10 responses, and antigen-induced T cell proliferation were seen from the spleens of immunised mice. Measurement of antigen-specific IgG and IgA from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also revealed enhanced systemic and local humoral immune responses among immunised animals. Lastly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the TB-endemic country of Mozambique show that individuals with LTBI showed significantly greater CD4 T cell reactivity to the vaccine candidate as compared to healthy controls. These results support further testing of Spore-FP1 and Nano-FP1 as post-exposure TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Kalam H, Chou CH, Kadoki M, Graham DB, Deguine J, Hung DT, Xavier RJ. Identification of host regulators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phenotypes uncovers a role for the MMGT1-GPR156 lipid droplet axis in persistence. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:978-992.e5. [PMID: 37269834 PMCID: PMC10373099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to establish latency affects disease and response to treatment. The host factors that influence the establishment of latency remain elusive. We engineered a multi-fluorescent Mtb strain that reports survival, active replication, and stressed non-replication states and determined the host transcriptome of the infected macrophages in these states. Additionally, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify host factors that modulated the phenotypic state of Mtb. We validated hits in a phenotype-specific manner and prioritized membrane magnesium transporter 1 (MMGT1) for a detailed mechanistic investigation. Mtb infection of MMGT1-deficient macrophages promoted a switch to persistence, upregulated lipid metabolism genes, and accumulated lipid droplets during infection. Targeting triacylglycerol synthesis reduced both droplet formation and Mtb persistence. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR156 is a key inducer of droplet accumulation in ΔMMGT1 cells. Our work uncovers the role of MMGT1-GPR156-lipid droplets in the induction of Mtb persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Kalam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Motohiko Kadoki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacques Deguine
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deborah T Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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6
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Saito K, Mishra S, Warrier T, Cicchetti N, Mi J, Weber E, Jiang X, Roberts J, Gouzy A, Kaplan E, Brown CD, Gold B, Nathan C. Oxidative damage and delayed replication allow viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis to go undetected. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg2612. [PMID: 34818059 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Saito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thulasi Warrier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nico Cicchetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jianjie Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elaina Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexandre Gouzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ellen Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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