1
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Weber I, Wang CW, Huang SC, Zhu CY, Lee YP. Fluorescence Excitation and Dispersed Fluorescence Spectra of the 1-Hydronaphthyl Radical (1-C 10H 9) in Solid para-Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8423-8433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weber
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3000093, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3000093, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3000093, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3000093, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3000093, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
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2
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Yang Z, Doddipatla S, He C, Goettl SJ, Kaiser RI, Jasper AW, Gomes ACR, Galvão BRL. Can third-body stabilisation of bimolecular collision complexes in cold molecular clouds happen? Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2134832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shane J. Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ahren W. Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Alexandre C. R. Gomes
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno R. L. Galvão
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Wu CC, Li EY, Chou PT. Reducing the internal reorganization energy via symmetry controlled π-electron delocalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7181-7189. [PMID: 35799804 PMCID: PMC9214956 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of the reorganization energy is closely related to the nonradiative relaxation rate, which affects the photoemission quantum efficiency, particularly for the emission with a lower energy gap toward the near IR (NIR) region. In this study, we explore the relationship between the reorganization energy and the molecular geometry, and hence the transition density by computational methods using two popular models of NIR luminescent materials: (1) linearly conjugated cyanine dyes and (2) electron donor–acceptor (D–A) composites with various degrees of charge transfer (CT) character. We find that in some cases, reorganization energies can be significantly reduced to 50% despite slight structural modifications. Detailed analyses indicate that the reflection symmetry plays an important role in linear cyanine systems. As for electron donor–acceptor systems, both the donor strength and the substitution position affect the relative magnitude of reorganization energies. If CT is dominant and creates large spatial separation between HOMO and LUMO density distributions, the reorganization energy is effectively increased due to the large electron density variation between S0 and S1 states. Mixing a certain degree of local excitation (LE) with CT in the S1 state reduces the reorganization energy. The principles proposed in this study are also translated into various pathways of canonically equivalent π-conjugation resonances to represent intramolecular π-delocalization, the concept of which may be applicable, in a facile manner, to improve the emission efficiency especially in the NIR region. The reorganization energies may be significantly reduced by molecular symmetry effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Elise Y. Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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4
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Gupta D, Omont A, Bettinger HF. Energetics of Formation of Cyclacenes from 2,3-Didehydroacenes and Implications for Astrochemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:4605-4616. [PMID: 33372718 PMCID: PMC7986185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are still largely unknown although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon chains, and fullerenes are likely candidates. A recent analysis of the properties of n-acenes of general formula C4n+2 H2n+4 suggested that these could be potential carriers of some DIBs. Dehydrogenation reactions of n-acenes after absorption of an interstellar UV photon may result in dehydroacenes. Here the reaction energies and barriers for formation of n-cyclacenes from 2,3-didehydroacenes (n-DDA) by intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to dihydro-etheno-cyclacenes (n-DEC) followed by ejection of ethyne by retro-Diels-Alder reactions are analyzed using thermally assisted occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) for n=10-20. It is found that the barriers for each of the steps depend on the ring strain of the underlying n-cyclacene, and that the ring strain of n-DEC is about 75 % of that of the corresponding n-cyclacene. In each case, ethyne extrusion is the step with the highest energy barrier, but these barriers are smaller than CH bond dissociation energies, suggesting that formation of cyclacenes is an energetically conceivable fate of n-acenes after multiple absorption of UV photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divanshu Gupta
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Alain Omont
- Institut d'Astrophysique de ParisSorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 and CNRS, UMR 709598bis boulevard Arago75014ParisFrance
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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5
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Chadwick RJ, Wickham K, Besley NA. Simulation of vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of neutral and cationic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe identification of the carriers of the absorption features associated with the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is a long-standing problem in astronomical spectroscopy. Computational simulations can contribute to the assignment of the carriers of DIBs since variations in molecular structure and charge state can be studied more readily than through experimental measurements. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been proposed as potential carriers of these bands, and it is shown that simulations based upon density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations can describe the vibrational structure observed in experiment for neutral and cationic naphthalene and pyrene. The vibrational structure arises from a small number of vibrational modes involving in-plane atomic motions, and the Franck–Condon–Herzberg–Teller approximation improves the predicted spectra in comparison with the Franck–Condon approximation. The study also highlights the challenges for the calculations to enable the assignment in the absence of experimental data, namely prediction of the energy separation between the different electronic states to a sufficient level of accuracy and performing vibrational analysis for higher-lying electronic states.
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6
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Dontot L, Spiegelman F, Zamith S, Rapacioli M. Dependence upon charge of the vibrational spectra of small Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon clusters: the example of pyrene. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2020; 74:216. [PMID: 33597829 PMCID: PMC7116754 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2020-10081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectra are computed for neutral and cationic clusters of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon clusters, namely( C 16 H 10 ) n = 1 , 4 ( 0 / + ) , using the Density Functional based Tight Binding scheme combined with a Configuration Interaction scheme (DFTB-CI) in the double harmonic approximation. Cross-comparison is carried out with DFT and simple DFTB. Similarly to the monomer cation, the IR spectra of cluster cations are characterized by a depletion of the intensity of the CH stretch modes around 3000 cm-1, with a weak revival for n = 3 and 4. The in-plane CCC modes in the region 1400-2000 cm-1 are enhanced while the CH bending modes in the range 700-1000 cm-1 are significantly weakened with respect to the monomer cation, in particular for n = 2. Finally, soft modes corresponding to diedral fluctuations of the monomers within the central stack of the ion structure, possibly mixed with monomer folding, are also observed in the region 70-120 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/IRSAMC), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/IRSAMC), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Zamith
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/IRSAMC), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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7
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Mensa-Bonsu G, Lietard A, Tozer DJ, Verlet JRR. Low energy electron impact resonances of anthracene probed by 2D photoelectron imaging of its radical anion. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174303. [PMID: 32384861 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-molecule resonances of anthracene were probed by 2D photoelectron imaging of the corresponding radical anion up to 3.7 eV in the continuum. A number of resonances were observed in both the photoelectron spectra and angular distributions, and most resonances showed clear autodetachment dynamics. The resonances were assigned using density functional theory calculations and are consistent with the available literature. Competition between direct and autodetachment, as well as signatures of internal conversion between resonances, was observed for some resonances. For the 12B2g resonance, a small fraction of population recovers the ground electronic state as evidenced by thermionic emission. Recovery of the ground electronic state offers a route of producing anions in an electron-molecule reaction; however, the energy at which this occurs suggests that anthracene anions cannot be formed in the interstellar medium by electron capture through this resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golda Mensa-Bonsu
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Aude Lietard
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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8
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Chu TC, Buras ZJ, Eyob B, Smith MC, Liu M, Green WH. Direct Kinetics and Product Measurement of Phenyl Radical + Ethylene. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2352-2365. [PMID: 32118435 PMCID: PMC7307927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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The phenyl + ethylene (C6H5 + C2H4) reaction network was
explored experimentally and theoretically
to understand the temperature dependence of the reaction kinetics
and product distribution under various temperature and pressure conditions.
The flash photolysis apparatus combining laser absorbance spectroscopy
(LAS) and time-resolved molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) was
used to study reactions on the C8H9 potential
energy surface (PES). In LAS experiments, 505.3 nm laser light selectively
probed C6H5 decay, and we measured the total
C6H5 consumption rate coefficients in the intermediate
temperature region (400–800 K), which connects previous experiments
performed in high-temperature (pyrolysis) and low-temperature (cavity-ring-down
methods) regions. From the quantum chemistry calculations by Tokmakov
and Lin using the G2M(RCC5)//B3LYP method, we constructed a kinetic
model and estimated phenomenological pressure-dependent rate coefficients, k(T, P), with the Arkane
package in the reaction mechanism generator. The MBMS experiments,
performed at 600–800 K and 10–50 Torr, revealed three
major product peaks: m/z = 105 (adducts,
mostly 2-phenylethyl radical, but also 1-phenylethyl radical, ortho-ethyl phenyl radical, and a spiro-fused ring radical),
104 (styrene, co-product with a H atom), and 78 (benzene, co-product
with C2H3 radical). Product branching ratios
were predicted by the model and validated by experiments for the first
time. At 600 K and 10 Torr, the yield ratio of the H-abstraction reaction
(forming benzene + C2H3) is measured to be 1.1%
and the H-loss channel (styrene + H) has a 2.5% yield ratio. The model
predicts 1.0% for H-abstraction and 2.3% for H-loss, which is within
the experimental error bars. The branching ratio and formation of
styrene increase at high temperature due to the favored formally direct
channel (1.0% at 600 K and 10 Torr, 5.8% at 800 K and 10 Torr in the
model prediction) and the faster β-scission reactions of C8H9 isomers. The importance of pressure dependence
in kinetics is verified by the increase in the yield of the stabilized
adduct from radical addition from 80.2% (800 K, 10 Torr) to 88.9%
(800 K, 50 Torr), at the expense of styrene + H. The pressure-dependent
model developed in this work is well validated by the LAS and MBMS
measurements and gives a complete picture of the C6H5 + C2H4 reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary J Buras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brook Eyob
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mica C Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Posenitskiy E, Rapacioli M, Lemoine D, Spiegelman F. Theoretical investigation of the electronic relaxation in highly excited chrysene and tetracene: The effect of armchair vs zigzag edge. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074306. [PMID: 32087654 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of neutral chrysene and tetracene molecules is investigated using Tully's fewest switches surface hopping algorithm coupled to the time-dependent density functional based tight-binding (TD-DFTB) method for electronic structure calculations. We first assess the performance of two DFTB parameter sets based on the computed TD-DFTB absorption spectra. The main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state following absorption of a UV photon. We determine the dynamical relaxation times and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Our results show that the electronic population of the brightest excited singlet state in armchair-edge chrysene decays an order-of-magnitude faster than the one in zigzag-edge tetracene. This is correlated with a qualitatively similar difference of energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy, which is also consistent with our previous study on polyacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Posenitskiy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Lemoine
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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10
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Campisi D, Simonsen FDS, Thrower JD, Jaganathan R, Hornekær L, Martinazzo R, Tielens AGGM. Superhydrogenation of pentacene: the reactivity of zigzag-edges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1557-1565. [PMID: 31872819 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials is of interest in a wide range of research areas including electronic device development, hydrogen storage, and, in particular, astrocatalytic formation of molecular hydrogen in the universe. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in space, locking up close to 15% of the elementary carbon. We have used thermal desorption measurements to study the hydrogenation sequence of pentacene from adding one additional H to the fully hydrogenated pentacene species. The experiments reveal that hydrogenated species with an even number of excess H atoms are highly preferred over hydrogenated species with an odd number of H atoms. In addition, the experiments show that specific hydrogenation states of pentacene with 2, 4, 6, 10, 16 and 22 extra H atoms are preferred over other even numbers. We have investigated the structural stability and activation energy barriers for the superhydrogenation of pentacene using Density Functional Theory. The results reveal a preferential hydrogenation pattern set by the activation energy barriers of the hydrogenation steps. Based on these studies, we formulate simple concepts governing the hydrogenation that apply equally well for different PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Campisi
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - John D Thrower
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rijutha Jaganathan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liv Hornekær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Interdisciplinary Nano-Science Centre (iNano), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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11
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Greiner J, Sundholm D. Calculation of vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of the rylenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2379-2385. [PMID: 31935005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generating function method was used to simulate the vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra of perylene, terrylene and quaterrylene. This method operates on the basis of adiabatic excitation energies and electronic ground and excited state vibrational frequencies. These parameters were calculated using density functional theory with the PBE0 functional for perylene and terrylene and with the BH-LYP functional for quaterrylene. The vertical excitation energies of the lower excited states were calculated using functionals with differing amounts of Hartree-Fock exchange. The optimal functional for each molecule was chosen by comparing these energies to literature excitation energies. Using this technique the calculated absorption spectra and the calculated emission spectrum of perylene were found to be in excellent agreement with the literature experimental spectra after introducing a shift and a scaling factor. The most prominent bands of the absorption spectra were assigned to their respective vibronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Greiner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Dontot L, Spiegelman F, Rapacioli M. Structures and Energetics of Neutral and Cationic Pyrene Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9531-9543. [PMID: 31589446 PMCID: PMC6917508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The low energy structures of neutral and cationic pyrene clusters containing up to seven molecules are searched through a global exploration scheme combining parallel tempering Monte Carlo algorithm and local quenches. The potential energies are computed at the density functional based tight binding level for neutrals and configuration interaction density functional based tight binding for cations in order to treat properly the charge resonance. New simplified versions of these schemes are also presented and used during the global exploration. Neutral clusters are shown to be made of compact assemblies of sub-blocs containing up to three units whereas cations present a charged dimer or trimer core surrounded by neutral units. The structural features of the clusters are analyzed and correlated for the cation with the charge distribution. The stability of clusters is also discussed in terms of cohesive and evaporation energies. Adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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13
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Kumar A, Agrawal S, Rao TR, Sarkar R. Rationalization of photo-detachment spectra of the indenyl anion (C 9H 7-) from the perspective of vibronic coupling theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22359-22376. [PMID: 31577305 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear dynamics of the low-lying first four electronic states of the prototypical indenyl radical is investigated based on first principles calculations to rationalize the experimental vibronic structure of the radical. The study is performed following both time-dependent and time-independent quantum-chemistry approaches using a model diabatic Hamiltonian. The construction of model Hamiltonians is based on the fits of the adiabatic energies calculated from the electronic structure method. The analyses of the static and dynamics results of the present study corroborate the experimental findings regarding the shape of the spectrum, vibrational progressions and the lifetime of the excited state. Finally, the present theoretical investigations suggest that the electronic non-adiabatic effect is extremely important for a detailed study of the vibronic structure and the electronic relaxation mechanism of the low-lying electronic states of the indenyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihta, Bihar 801103, India.
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15
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West BJ, Lesniak L, Mayer PM. Why Do Large Ionized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Not Lose C2H2? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3569-3574. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandi J. West
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Lukas Lesniak
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Paul M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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16
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Laboratory Photochemistry of Covalently Bonded Fluorene Clusters: Observation of an Interesting PAH Bowl-forming Mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafe10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Posenitskiy E, Rapacioli M, Lepetit B, Lemoine D, Spiegelman F. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics investigation of the size dependence of the electronic relaxation in polyacenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12139-12149. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state has been investigated for neutral polyacenes ranging in size from naphthalene to heptacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Posenitskiy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC UMR5589
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ)
- IRSAMC UMR5626
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Bruno Lepetit
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC UMR5589
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Didier Lemoine
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR)
- IRSAMC UMR5589
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ)
- IRSAMC UMR5626
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
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18
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Cox NLJ, Cami J, Farhang A, Smoker J, Monreal-Ibero A, Lallement R, Sarre PJ, Marshall CCM, Smith KT, Evans CJ, Royer P, Linnartz H, Cordiner MA, Joblin C, van Loon JT, Foing BH, Bhatt NH, Bron E, Elyajouri M, de Koter A, Ehrenfreund P, Javadi A, Kaper L, Khosroshadi HG, Laverick M, Le Petit F, Mulas G, Roueff E, Salama F, Spaans M. The ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey: EDIBLES I. Project description, survey sample and quality assessment. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 2017; 606:A76. [PMID: 29151608 PMCID: PMC5693340 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are largely unidentified molecules ubiquitously present in the interstellar medium (ISM). After decades of study, two strong and possibly three weak near-infrared DIBs have recently been attributed to the [Formula: see text] fullerene based on observational and laboratory measurements. There is great promise for the identification of the over 400 other known DIBs, as this result could provide chemical hints towards other possible carriers. In an effort to systematically study the properties of the DIB carriers, we have initiated a new large-scale observational survey: the ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES). The main objective is to build on and extend existing DIB surveys to make a major step forward in characterising the physical and chemical conditions for a statistically significant sample of interstellar lines-of-sight, with the goal to reverse-engineer key molecular properties of the DIB carriers. EDIBLES is a filler Large Programme using the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope at Paranal, Chile. It is designed to provide an observationally unbiased view of the presence and behaviour of the DIBs towards early-spectral type stars whose lines-of-sight probe the diffuse-to-translucent ISM. Such a complete dataset will provide a deep census of the atomic and molecular content, physical conditions, chemical abundances and elemental depletion levels for each sightline. Achieving these goals requires a homogeneous set of high-quality data in terms of resolution (R ~ 70 000 - 100 000), sensitivity (S/N up to 1000 per resolution element), and spectral coverage (305-1042 nm), as well as a large sample size (100+ sightlines). In this first paper the goals, objectives and methodology of the EDIBLES programme are described and an initial assessment of the data is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick L J Cox
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Cami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Amin Farhang
- School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Jonathan Smoker
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Monreal-Ibero
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosine Lallement
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Peter J Sarre
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charlotte C M Marshall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Keith T Smith
- Royal Astronomical Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BQ, UK
- AAAS Science International, Clarendon House, Clarendon Road, Cambridge CB2 8FH, UK
| | - Christopher J Evans
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - Pierre Royer
- Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, bus 2401, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harold Linnartz
- Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Cordiner
- Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 691, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Christine Joblin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Neil H Bhatt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Meriem Elyajouri
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Alex de Koter
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, bus 2401, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Atefeh Javadi
- School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Lex Kaper
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Habib G Khosroshadi
- School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mike Laverick
- Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, bus 2401, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Le Petit
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Giacomo Mulas
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius, Italy
| | - Evelyne Roueff
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Farid Salama
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Marco Spaans
- Kapteyn Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mebel AM, Landera A, Kaiser RI. Formation Mechanisms of Naphthalene and Indene: From the Interstellar Medium to Combustion Flames. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:901-926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Mebel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander Landera
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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20
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Yang T, Troy TP, Xu B, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14983-14987. [PMID: 27781351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent in the interstellar medium (ISM) and also in carbonaceous meteorites (CM) such as Murchison. However, the basic reaction routes leading to the formation of even the simplest PAH-naphthalene (C10 H8 )-via the hydrogen-abstraction/acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism still remain ambiguous. Here, by revealing the uncharted fundamental chemistry of the styrenyl (C8 H7 ) and the ortho-vinylphenyl radicals (C8 H7 )-key transient species of the HACA mechanism-with acetylene (C2 H2 ), we provide the first solid experimental evidence on the facile formation of naphthalene in a simulated combustion environment validating the previously postulated HACA mechanism for these two radicals. This study highlights, at the molecular level spanning combustion and astrochemistry, the importance of the HACA mechanism to the formation of the prototype PAH naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler P Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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21
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Yang T, Troy TP, Xu B, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Honolulu HI 96822 USA
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Abstract
ISO has shown that the mid–IR spectra of almost all sources are dominated by narrow emission features collectively known as the UIR bands. These bands are carried by a family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules containing about 50 C-atoms. Other classes of molecules such as C-chains as well as non-aromatic groups attached to the PAHs are much less abundant. ISO has revealed that the UIR spectrum is incredibly rich with a large number of weaker features, subfeatures, and shoulders; many of which were not known before. Some examples and the new insights they can provide are described. A systematic study of this spectral structure may well allow us to considerably narrow down the composition of the family of PAHs responsible for the observed emission.
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Mishra PM, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Prince KC, Richter R, Kadhane UR. Valence Shell Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Pyrene and Fluorene: Photon Energy Dependence in the Far-Ultraviolet Region. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3128-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Manjari Mishra
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- CNR-Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP10-00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- CNR-Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP10-00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale
14, km 163.5, Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Chemistry
Laboratory, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area
Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale
14, km 163.5, Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Umesh R. Kadhane
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
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Abstract
AbstractPAHs are among the most commonly proposed and popular candidates for DIB carriers. We present a critical assessment of the PAH-DIB model in view of the progress and the advances that have recently been achieved through a series of complementary studies involving astronomical observations of DIBs, laboratory simulation of interstellar analogs for PAHs (neutrals and ions), space exposure experiments of PAHs, theoretical calculations of PAH spectra and the modeling of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds. What have we learned from these complementary studies? What are the constraints that can now be derived for the PAHs as DIB carriers? What are the strengths and the weaknesses of the PAH model to account for the DIBs?
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25
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A Novel Approach to the Detection and Characterization of PAH Cations and PAH-Photoproducts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s1743921313016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCationic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are attractive candidates for the Diffuse Interstellar Bands, but to date not a single PAH species has been identified on the basis of a spectral agreement. This indicates either that the molecular diversity is very large or that the candidates that have been considered are not the correct ones. In particular, small/medium-sized PAH cations are submitted to photodissociation under UV photons from stars. Therefore it is of interest to characterize the spectroscopic properties of key breakdown products. Furthermore, these studies should be performed under conditions that mimic those found in interstellar space, which leads to additional experimental difficulties. We describe the approach we are developing with the PIRENEA set-up and present results on the 1-Methylpyrene cation and photo-derived species. Experimental measurements are guided by calculations based on density functional theory.
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27
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Guennoun Z, Aupetit C, Mascetti J. Photochemistry of coronene with water at 10 K: first tentative identification by infrared spectroscopy of oxygen containing coronene products. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7340-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Hammonds M, Pathak A, Sarre PJ. TD-DFT calculations of electronic spectra of hydrogenated protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules: implications for the origin of the diffuse interstellar bands? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4458-64. [DOI: 10.1039/b903237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Tan X. Towards a comprehensive electronic database of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its application in constraining the identities of possible carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 71:2005-2011. [PMID: 18790664 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical approach is developed to pre-select individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as possible carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). In this approach, a computer program is used to enumerate all PAH molecules with up to a specific number of fused benzene rings. Fast quantum chemical calculations are then employed to calculate the electronic transition energies, oscillator strengths, and rotational constants of these molecules. An electronic database of all PAHs with up to any specific number of benzene rings can be constructed this way. Comparison of the electronic transition energies, oscillator strengths, and rotational band contours of all PAHs in the database with astronomical spectra allows one to constrain the identities of individual PAHs as possible carriers of some of the intense narrow DIBs. Using the current database containing up to 10 benzene rings we have pre-selected 8 closed-shell PAHs as possible carriers of the famous lambda6614 DIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tan
- X Scientific, Inc., 1000 Kiely Boulevard Unit 90, Santa Clara, CA 95051, United States.
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30
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31
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Laser mass spectrometric detection of extraterrestrial aromatic molecules: mini-review and examination of pulsed heating effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18096-101. [PMID: 18687897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801860105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the sensitive, selective, and spatially resolved analysis of organic compounds in extraterrestrial materials. Using microprobe two-step laser mass spectrometry (muL(2)MS), we have explored the organic composition of many different exogenous materials, including meteorites, interplanetary dust particles, and interstellar ice analogs, gaining significant insight into the nature of extraterrestrial materials. Recently, we applied muL(2)MS to analyze the effect of heating caused by hypervelocity particle capture in aerogel, which was used on the NASA Stardust Mission to capture comet particles. We show that this material exhibits complex organic molecules upon sudden heating. Similar pulsed heating of carbonaceous materials is shown to produce an artifactual fullerene signal. We review the use of muL(2)MS to investigate extraterrestrial materials, and we discuss its recent application to characterize the effect of pulsed heating on samples of interest.
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Abstract
AbstractCarbonaceous materials play an important role in space. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a ubiquitous component of organic matter in space. Their contribution is invoked in a broad spectrum of astronomical observations that range from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared and cover a wide variety of objects and environments from meteorites and interplanetary dust particles to outer Solar System bodies to the interstellar medium in the local Milky Way and in other galaxies. Extensive efforts have been devoted in the past two decades to experimental, theoretical, and observational studies of PAHs. A brief review is given here of the evidence obtained so far for the contribution of PAHs to the phenomena aforementioned. An attempt is made to distinguish the cases where solid evidence is available from cases where reasonable assumptions can be made to the cases where the presence - or the absence - of PAHs is purely speculative at this point.
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Husain MM. Measurement and theoretical characterization of electronic absorption spectrum of neutral chrysene (C18H12)and its positive ion in H3BO3 matrix. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:156-64. [PMID: 17270491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet and visible spectrum of chrysene and its radical cation formed by ultraviolet irradiation were measured in boric acid glass at room temperature. The theoretical electronic absorption spectrum of any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in boric acid matrix is calculated for the first time using semi empirical methods. Earlier reported theoretical results of electronic spectrum are calculated in free state and the results are compared with the spectrum of aromatic systems in glassy or other matrices. The interaction between the trapped PAHs (neutral and ions) and its environment induces strong perturbations of the energy levels which results in large shifts of the electronic transitions as compared to the ideal case of a free, isolated PAH molecule. This shifting due to perturbation has largely been ignored in earlier calculations, while comparing the calculations with the experimentally measured spectrum, in other matrices. The spectrum of singlet and doublet state of chrysene are computed in aqueous medium and also in free state to estimate the spectral shift. Several other geometric (bond length and bond angles) and spectroscopic parameters of chrysene like difference of HOMO-LUMO, ionization potential, dipole moment and polarizability are calculated using semi empirical methods, namely Austin Model 1 (AM1) and Parametric Method 3 (PM3). To get an idea about how the symmetry of chrysene molecule varies upon ionization, the mean polarizability (alpha) as well as its tensor components alpha(xx), alpha(yy) and alpha(zz) are calculated within a field of 0.005 a.u. The lasing action in neutral chrysene and in its cationic form is also discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir M Husain
- Physics Section, Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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34
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Kokkin DL, Reilly NJ, Troy TP, Nauta K, Schmidt TW. Gas phase spectra of all-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Triphenylene. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084304. [PMID: 17343445 DOI: 10.1063/1.2484344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed fluorescence spectra of the S1(A1')<--S0(A1') transition of triphenylene are reported. The spectra exhibit false origins of e' symmetry which are modeled by performing calculations of Herzberg-Teller coupling using time-dependent density functional theory. It is found that this level of theory reproduces the main features of the observed spectra. The oscillator strength of the strongest band is calculated to be f=7x10(-4). From a combination of theory and the observed upper state lifetime of 41 ns, an estimate of the fluorescence yield is made of PhiF=0.084, in agreement with previous studies in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian L Kokkin
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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35
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Pathak A, Rastogi S. Computational study of neutral and cationic pericondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Tan X, Salama F. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of jet-cooled 1-pyrenecarboxyaldehyde (C17H10O) and 1-methylpyrene (C17H12) cations. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Duley WW. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon nanoparticles and the diffuse interstellar bands. Faraday Discuss 2006; 133:415-25; discussion 427-52. [PMID: 17191461 DOI: 10.1039/b516323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Observational data on the appearance and properties of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are reviewed in the context of a model in which the proposed carriers of these bands are large carbon molecules and carbon nanoparticles containing between 30 and several hundred carbon atoms. The abundance of these carriers, as estimated from the observed strengths of the DIBs, place strong constraints on their rates of formation and destruction, and suggest that the strongest bands, including that at 4428 A, could be produced via the decomposition of larger carbon particles, possibly those particles that have been postulated to be the source of the 2175 A extinction feature. Such particles are of mixed sp2 and sp3 carbon composition, with sizes between that of large molecules and small macroscopic solids. Any description of their characteristics must combine aspects of molecular and condensed matter physics, and this is incorporated in the present discussion. I discuss recent experimental and theoretical data related to these matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Duley
- Physics Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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38
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Biennier L, Alsayed-Ali M, Foutel-Richard A, Novotny O, Carles S, Rebrion-Rowe C, Rowe B. Laboratory measurements of the recombination of PAH ions with electrons: implications for the PAH charge state in interstellar clouds. Faraday Discuss 2006; 133:289-301; discussion 347-74, 449-52. [PMID: 17191453 DOI: 10.1039/b516858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory measurements of the recombination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ions with electrons are presented. Experimental data have been obtained at room temperature for azulene (C10H8) and acenaphthene (C12H10) cations by the Flowing Afterglow with PhotoIons method. The results confirm that the recombination of PAH ions is fast although well below the geometrical limit. The set of our recent and present measurements reveal a definite trend of increasing rate with the number of carbon atoms of the PAH. This behaviour that needs further characterization is potentially of great interest for charge state models as recombination is a dominant mechanism of PAH ion destruction in the interstellar medium. The design of experiments to measure the recombination of larger PAHs and their temperature dependence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Biennier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Atomes, Lasers, Molécules et Surfaces, UMR 6627 CNRS et Université de Rennes 1, France
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39
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Ayers TM, Westlake BC, Preda DV, Scott LT, Duncan MA. Laser Plasma Production of Metal−Corannulene Ion−Molecule Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - B. C. Westlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - D. V. Preda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - L. T. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
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40
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Tan X, Salama F. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and vibronic activity of benzo[ghi]perylene. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:014312. [PMID: 16035840 DOI: 10.1063/1.1938907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas-phase cavity ring-down spectroscopy of jet-cooled benzo[ghi]perylene (C22H12) in the 26 950-28 600-cm(-1) spectral range is reported for the first time. This study is part of our extensive laboratory astrophysics program for the study of interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The observed spectrum shows an intermediate level structure and significant broadening and is associated with the vibronically coupled S1(1A1)<--S0(1A1) and S2(1B1)<--S0(1A1) electronic transitions. Time-dependent density-functional calculations were performed to calculate the energetics, vibrational frequencies, and normal coordinates of the S1 and S2 states. A simple vibronic model was employed to account for the vibronic interaction between the vibronic levels of the S1 and S2 states. The calculated vibronic spectrum is found to be in good agreement with the experimental spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tan
- Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.
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Pathak A, Rastogi S. Computational study of neutral and cationic catacondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tan X, Salama F. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of the S1(B3u1)←S0(Ag1) transition of jet-cooled perylene. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:84318. [PMID: 15836050 DOI: 10.1063/1.1851502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our long-term program to test the diffuse interstellar band-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hypothesis, we have investigated the S(1)<--S(0) electronic transition of neutral perylene (C(20)H(12)) in a combined experimental and theoretical study. Jet-cooled perylene was prepared with a pulsed discharge slit nozzle and detected by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. A number of vibronic features were observed in the 24 000-24 900 cm(-1) spectral range. Density functional and ab initio calculations were performed to determine the geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and normal coordinates of both the S(0) and S(1) electronic states. A rotational temperature of 52+/-5 K was derived from a rotational contour analysis of the vibronic band associated with the 0-0 transition. A Franck-Condon treatment was carried out to calculate the vibronic spectrum of the S(1)<--S(0) transition. A good agreement was found between the calculated and the experimental spectra. A vibrational assignment is proposed and six normal modes are identified. The contribution of neutral compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the diffuse interstellar bands is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tan
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
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Ayers TM, Westlake BC, Duncan MA. Laser Plasma Production of Metal and Metal Compound Complexes with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0480753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - B. C. Westlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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Biennier L, Salama F, Gupta M, O'Keefe A. Multiplex integrated cavity output spectroscopy of cold PAH cations. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biennier L, Salama F, Allamandola LJ, Scherer JJ. Pulsed discharge nozzle cavity ringdown spectroscopy of cold polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ions. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1564044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Halasinski TM, Weisman JL, Ruiterkamp R, Lee TJ, Salama F, Head-Gordon M. Electronic Absorption Spectra of Neutral Perylene (C20H12), Terrylene (C30H16), and Quaterrylene (C40H20) and Their Positive and Negative Ions: Ne Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027394w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Halasinski
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Jennifer L. Weisman
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Richard Ruiterkamp
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Farid Salama
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035
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Hong XP, Chen WK, Cheng PY. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of cyanobenzene near the ionization threshold. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Duncan MA, Knight AM, Negishi Y, Nagao S, Judai K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Vx(Coronene)y and Tix(Coronene)y Anions. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Chillier X, Boulet P, Chermette H, Salama F, Weber J. Absorption and emission spectroscopy of matrix-isolated benzo[g,h,i]perylene: An experimental and theoretical study for astrochemical applications. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1376632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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