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Pressé MT, Malgrange B, Delacroix L. The cochlear matrisome: Importance in hearing and deafness. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:40-58. [PMID: 38070832 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists in a complex meshwork of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, which serves a scaffolding function and provides viscoelastic properties to the tissues. ECM acts as a biomechanical support, and actively participates in cell signaling to induce tissular changes in response to environmental forces and soluble cues. Given the remarkable complexity of the inner ear architecture, its exquisite structure-function relationship, and the importance of vibration-induced stimulation of its sensory cells, ECM is instrumental to hearing. Many factors of the matrisome are involved in cochlea development, function and maintenance, as evidenced by the variety of ECM proteins associated with hereditary deafness. This review describes the structural and functional ECM components in the auditory organ and how they are modulated over time and following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Pressé
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium.
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Naqvi S, Kim S, Hoskens H, Matthews HS, Spritz RA, Klein OD, Hallgrímsson B, Swigut T, Claes P, Pritchard JK, Wysocka J. Precise modulation of transcription factor levels identifies features underlying dosage sensitivity. Nat Genet 2023; 55:841-851. [PMID: 37024583 PMCID: PMC10181932 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation exhibits extensive robustness, but human genetics indicates sensitivity to transcription factor (TF) dosage. Reconciling such observations requires quantitative studies of TF dosage effects at trait-relevant ranges, largely lacking so far. TFs play central roles in both normal-range and disease-associated variation in craniofacial morphology; we therefore developed an approach to precisely modulate TF levels in human facial progenitor cells and applied it to SOX9, a TF associated with craniofacial variation and disease (Pierre Robin sequence (PRS)). Most SOX9-dependent regulatory elements (REs) are buffered against small decreases in SOX9 dosage, but REs directly and primarily regulated by SOX9 show heightened sensitivity to SOX9 dosage; these RE responses partially predict gene expression responses. Sensitive REs and genes preferentially affect functional chondrogenesis and PRS-like craniofacial shape variation. We propose that such REs and genes underlie the sensitivity of specific phenotypes to TF dosage, while buffering of other genes leads to robust, nonlinear dosage-to-phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harold S Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Yang E, Yu J, Liu X, Chu H, Li L. Familial Whole Exome Sequencing Study of 30 Families With Early-Onset High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:10. [PMID: 37191617 PMCID: PMC10198284 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to investigate potential candidate pathogenic genes in early-onset high myopia (eoHM) in families with eoHM. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed on probands with eoHM to identify potential pathogenic genes. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the identified gene mutations causing eoHM in first-degree relatives of the proband. The identified mutations were screened out by bioinformatics analysis combined with segregation analysis. Results A total of 131 variant loci, involving 97 genes, were detected in the 30 families. A total of 28 genes (37 variants), which were carried by 24 families, were verified and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. We identified five genes and 10 loci associated with eoHM, which have not been reported in previous research. Hemizygous mutations in COL4A5, NYX, and CACNA1F were detected in this study. Inherited retinal disease-associated genes were found in 76.67% (23/30) of families. Genes that can be expressed in the retina in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database were found in 33.33% (10/30) of families. Mutations in the genes associated with eoHM, including CCDC111, SLC39A5, P4HA2, CPSF1, P4HA2, and GRM6, were detected. The mutual correlation between candidate genes and phenotype of fundus photography was revealed in our study. The eoHM candidate gene mutation types contain five categories: missense mutations (78.38%), nonsense (8.11%), frameshift mutation (5.41%), classical splice site mutation (5.41%), and initiation codon mutation (2.70%). Conclusions Candidate genes carried by patients with eoHM are closely related to inherited retinal diseases. Genetic screening in children with eoHM facilitates the early identification and intervention of syndromic hereditary ocular disorders and certain hereditary ophthalmopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Huihui Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
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Saltarelli MA, Quarta A, Chiarelli F. Growth plate extracellular matrix defects and short stature in children. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:247-255. [PMID: 36567461 PMCID: PMC9816467 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244120.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many etiological factors causing short stature have already been identified in humans. In the last few years, the advent of new techniques for the detection of chromosomal and molecular abnormalities has made it possible to better identify patients with genetic causes of growth failure. Some of these factors directly affect the development and growth of the skeleton, since they damage the epiphyseal growth plate, where linear growth occurs, influencing chondrogenesis. In particular, defects in genes involved in the organization and function of the growth plate are responsible for several well-known conditions with short stature. These genes play a pivotal role in various mechanisms involving the extracellular matrix, intracellular signaling, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we will discuss the genes involved in extracellular matrix disorders. The identification of genetic defects in linear growth failure is important for clinicians and researchers in order to improve the care of children affected by growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Quarta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy,Address for correspondence: Francesco Chiarelli Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5 Chieti, I-66100, Italy
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Zeltz C, Khalil M, Navab R, Tsao MS. Collagen Type XI Inhibits Lung Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Functions and Restrains the Integrin Binding Site Availability on Collagen Type I Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911722. [PMID: 36233024 PMCID: PMC9569509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), plays an active role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development and progression. We previously reported that collagen type XI and integrin α11, a collagen receptor, were upregulated in NSCLC; the latter promotes tumor growth and metastasis. We here explored the role of collagen type XI in NSCLC stroma. We showed that the presence of collagen type XI in collagen type I matrices inhibits CAF-mediated collagen remodeling and cell migration. This resulted in the inhibition of CAF-dependent lung-tumor cell invasion. Among the collagen receptors expressed on CAF, we determined that DDR2 and integrin α2β1, but not integrin α11β1, mediated the high-affinity binding to collagen type XI. We further demonstrated that collagen type XI restrained the integrin binding site availability on collagen type I matrices, thus limiting cell interaction with collagen type I. As a consequence, CAFs failed to activate FAK, p38 and Akt one hour after they interacted with collagen type I/XI. We concluded that collagen type XI may have a competitive negative feedback role on the binding of collagen type I to its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zeltz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Maryam Khalil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Roya Navab
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Nash BM, Watson CJG, Hughes E, Hou AL, Loi TH, Bennetts B, Jelovic D, Polkinghorne PJ, Gorbatov M, Grigg JR, Vincent AL, Jamieson RV. Heterozygous COL9A3 variants cause severe peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:881-886. [PMID: 33633367 PMCID: PMC8110976 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COL9A3 gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of Type IX collagen, with heterozygous variants reported to cause multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and suggested as contributory in some cases of sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with homozygous variants have midface hypoplasia, myopia, sensorineural hearing loss, epiphyseal changes and carry a diagnosis of Stickler syndrome. Variants in COL9A3 have not previously been reported to cause vitreoretinal degeneration and/or retinal detachments. This report describes two families with autosomal dominant inheritance and predominant features of peripheral vitreoretinal lattice degeneration and retinal detachment. Genomic sequencing revealed a heterozygous splice variant in COL9A3 [NG_016353.1(NM_001853.4):c.1107 + 1G>C, NC_000020.10(NM_001853.4):c.1107 + 1G>C, LRG1253t1] in Family 1, and a heterozygous missense variant [NG_016353.1(NM_001853.4):c.388G>A p.(Gly130Ser)] in Family 2, each segregating with disease. cDNA studies of the splice variant demonstrated an in-frame deletion in the COL2 domain, and the missense variant occurred in the COL3 domain, both indicating the critical role of Type IX collagen in the vitreous base of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Nash
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Christopher J. G. Watson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Edward Hughes
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Department of Ophthalmology, Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Alec L. Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - To Ha Loi
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Diana Jelovic
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Philip J. Polkinghorne
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,Eye Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - John R. Grigg
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrea L. Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,Eye Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Warnecke A, Giesemann A. Embryology, Malformations, and Rare Diseases of the Cochlea. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:S1-S43. [PMID: 34352899 PMCID: PMC8354575 DOI: 10.1055/a-1349-3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the low overall prevalence of individual rare diseases, cochlear
dysfunction leading to hearing loss represents a symptom in a large
proportion. The aim of this work was to provide a clear overview of rare
cochlear diseases, taking into account the embryonic development of the
cochlea and the systematic presentation of the different disorders. Although
rapid biotechnological and bioinformatic advances may facilitate the
diagnosis of a rare disease, an interdisciplinary exchange is often required
to raise the suspicion of a rare disease. It is important to recognize that
the phenotype of rare inner ear diseases can vary greatly not only in
non-syndromic but also in syndromic hearing disorders. Finally, it becomes
clear that the phenotype of the individual rare diseases cannot be
determined exclusively by classical genetics even in monogenetic
disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Exzellenzcluster"Hearing4all" - EXC 2177/1 - Project ID 390895286
| | - Anja Giesemann
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover
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Nallanthighal S, Heiserman JP, Cheon DJ. Collagen Type XI Alpha 1 (COL11A1): A Novel Biomarker and a Key Player in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:935. [PMID: 33668097 PMCID: PMC7956367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1), one of the three alpha chains of type XI collagen, is crucial for bone development and collagen fiber assembly. Interestingly, COL11A1 expression is increased in several cancers and high levels of COL11A1 are often associated with poor survival, chemoresistance, and recurrence. This review will discuss the recent discoveries in the biological functions of COL11A1 in cancer. COL11A1 is predominantly expressed and secreted by a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts, modulating tumor-stroma interaction and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix. COL11A1 also promotes cancer cell migration, metastasis, and therapy resistance by activating pro-survival pathways and modulating tumor metabolic phenotype. Several inhibitors that are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer or used in clinic for other diseases, can be potentially used to target COL11A1 signaling. Collectively, this review underscores the role of COL11A1 as a promising biomarker and a key player in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.N.); (J.P.H.)
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10
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Gorski JP, Franz NT, Pernoud D, Keightley A, Eyre DR, Oxford JT. A repeated triple lysine motif anchors complexes containing bone sialoprotein and the type XI collagen A1 chain involved in bone mineralization. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100436. [PMID: 33610546 PMCID: PMC8008188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While details remain unclear, initiation of woven bone mineralization is believed to be mediated by collagen and potentially nucleated by bone sialoprotein (BSP). Interestingly, our recent publication showed that BSP and type XI collagen form complexes in mineralizing osteoblastic cultures. To learn more, we examined the protein composition of extracellular sites of de novo hydroxyapatite deposition which were enriched in BSP and Col11a1 containing an alternatively spliced "6b" exonal sequence. An alternate splice variant "6a" sequence was not similarly co-localized. BSP and Col11a1 co-purify upon ion-exchange chromatography or immunoprecipitation. Binding of the Col11a1 "6b" exonal sequence to bone sialoprotein was demonstrated with overlapping peptides. Peptide 3, containing three unique lysine-triplet sequences, displayed the greatest binding to osteoblastic cultures; peptides containing fewer lysine triplet motifs or derived from the "6a" exon yielded dramatically lower binding. Similar results were obtained with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-conjugated peptides and western blots containing extracts from osteoblastic cultures. Mass spectroscopic mapping demonstrated that FAM-peptide 3 bound to 90 kDa BSP and its 18 to 60 kDa fragments, as well as to 110 kDa nucleolin. In osteoblastic cultures, FAM-peptide 3 localized to biomineralization foci (site of BSP) and to nucleoli (site of nucleolin). In bone sections, biotin-labeled peptide 3 bound to sites of new bone formation which were co-labeled with anti-BSP antibodies. These results establish the fluorescent peptide 3 conjugate as the first nonantibody-based method to identify BSP on western blots and in/on cells. Further examination of the "6b" splice variant interactions will likely reveal new insights into bone mineralization during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Gorski
- Center of Excellence in Mineralized Tissue Research, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
| | - Nichole T Franz
- Center of Excellence in Mineralized Tissue Research, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Pernoud
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Keightley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Intracranial calcifications in childhood: Part 2. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1448-1475. [PMID: 32642802 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article is the second of a two-part series on intracranial calcification in childhood. In Part 1, the authors discussed the main differences between physiological and pathological intracranial calcification. They also outlined histological intracranial calcification characteristics and how these can be detected across different neuroimaging modalities. Part 1 emphasized the importance of age at presentation and intracranial calcification location and proposed a comprehensive neuroimaging approach toward the differential diagnosis of the causes of intracranial calcification. Pathological intracranial calcification can be divided into infectious, congenital, endocrine/metabolic, vascular, and neoplastic. In Part 2, the chief focus is on discussing endocrine/metabolic, vascular, and neoplastic intracranial calcification etiologies of intracranial calcification. Endocrine/metabolic diseases causing intracranial calcification are mainly from parathyroid and thyroid dysfunction and inborn errors of metabolism, such as mitochondrial disorders (MELAS, or mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; Kearns-Sayre; and Cockayne syndromes), interferonopathies (Aicardi-Goutières syndrome), and lysosomal disorders (Krabbe disease). Specific noninfectious causes of intracranial calcification that mimic TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other [syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes) infections are known as pseudo-TORCH. Cavernous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, and chronic venous hypertension are also known causes of intracranial calcification. Other vascular-related causes of intracranial calcification include early atherosclerosis presentation (children with risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and others), healed hematoma, radiotherapy treatment, old infarct, and disorders of the microvasculature such as COL4A1- and COL4A2-related diseases. Intracranial calcification is also seen in several pediatric brain tumors. Clinical and familial information such as age at presentation, maternal exposure to teratogens including viruses, and association with chromosomal abnormalities, pathogenic genes, and postnatal infections facilitates narrowing the differential diagnosis of the multiple causes of intracranial calcification.
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Col11a1a Expression Is Required for Zebrafish Development. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030016. [PMID: 32872105 PMCID: PMC7558312 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal dominant chondrodystrophies, the Stickler type 2 and Marshall syndromes, are characterized by facial abnormalities, vision deficits, hearing loss, and articular joint issues resulting from mutations in COL11A1. Zebrafish carry two copies of the Col11a1 gene, designated Col11a1a and Col11a1b. Col11a1a is located on zebrafish chromosome 24 and Col11a1b is located on zebrafish chromosome 2. Expression patterns are distinct for Col11a1a and Col11a1b and Col11a1a is most similar to COL11A1 that is responsible for human autosomal chondrodystrophies and the gene responsible for changes in the chondrodystrophic mouse model cho/cho. We investigated the function of Col11a1a in craniofacial and axial skeletal development in zebrafish using a knockdown approach. Knockdown revealed abnormalities in Meckel's cartilage, the otoliths, and overall body length. Similar phenotypes were observed using a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing approach, although the CRISPR/Cas9 effect was more severe compared to the transient effect of the antisense morpholino oligonucleotide treatment. The results of this study provide evidence that the zebrafish gene for Col11a1a is required for normal development and has similar functions to the mammalian COL11A1 gene. Due to its transparency, external fertilization, the Col11a1a knockdown, and knockout zebrafish model systems can, therefore, contribute to filling the gap in knowledge about early events during vertebrate skeletal development that are not as tenable in mammalian model systems and help us understand Col11a1-related early developmental events.
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Nixon T, Richards AJ, Lomas A, Abbs S, Vasudevan P, McNinch A, Alexander P, Snead MP. Inherited and de novo biallelic pathogenic variants in COL11A1 result in type 2 Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1354. [PMID: 32578940 PMCID: PMC7507023 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Stickler syndrome is usually a dominant disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in COL11A1 encoding the alpha 1 chain of type XI collagen. Typical molecular changes result in either substitution of an obligate glycine within the Gly‐Xaa‐Yaa amino acid sequence repeat region of the molecule, mRNA missplicing or deletions/duplications that typically leaves the message in‐frame. Clinical features include myopia, retinal detachment, craniofacial, joint, and hearing problems. Fibrochondrogenesis is also a COL11A1 related disorder, but here disease‐associated variants are recessive and may be either null alleles or substitutions of glycine, and the condition is usually lethal in infancy. Methods The patient was assessed in the NHS England Stickler syndrome diagnostic service. DNA from the patient and family were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing on a panel of genes known to cause Stickler Syndrome. The effect of sequence variants was assessed using minigene analysis. Allele‐specific RT‐PCR was performed. Results This patient had clinical type 2 Stickler syndrome but with severe hearing loss and severe ocular features including retinal atrophy and retinal tears in childhood. We identified a de novo in frame deletion of COL11A1 (c.4109_4126del) consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome but also a second inherited variant (c.1245+2T>C), on the other allele, affecting normal splicing of COL11A1 exon 9. Conclusion Exon 9 of COL11A1 is alternatively expressed and disease causing changes affecting only this exon modify the phenotype resulting from biallelic COL11A1 disease‐associated variants and, instead of fibrochondrogenesis, produce a form of Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss. Disease phenotypes from de novo pathogenic variants can be modified by inherited recessive variants on the other allele. This highlights the need for functional and family analysis to confirm the mode of inheritance in COL11A1‐related disorders, particularly for those variants that may alter normal pre‐mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nixon
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Vitreoretinal Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allan J Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,East Midlands and East of England NHS Genomic Laboratory Hub, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Lomas
- East Midlands and East of England NHS Genomic Laboratory Hub, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Abbs
- East Midlands and East of England NHS Genomic Laboratory Hub, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UK
| | - Annie McNinch
- Vitreoretinal Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Alexander
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Vitreoretinal Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin P Snead
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Vitreoretinal Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Influence of genetic factors in elbow tendon pathology: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6503. [PMID: 32300121 PMCID: PMC7162873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elbow tendinopathy is a common pathology of the upper extremity that impacts both athletes and workers. Some research has examined the genetic component as a risk factor for tendinopathy, mainly in the lower limbs. A case-control study was designed to test for a relationship between certain collagen gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and elbow tendon pathology. A sample of 137 young adult athletes whose sports participation involves loading of the upper limb were examined for the presence of structural abnormalities indicative of pathology in the tendons of the lateral and medial elbow using ultrasound imaging and genotyped for the following SNPs: COL5A1 rs12722, COL11A1 rs3753841, COL11A1 rs1676486, and COL11A2 rs1799907. Anthropometric measurements and data on participants’ elbow pain and dysfunction were collected using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and the Mayo Clinic Performance Index for the Elbow questionnaires. Results showed that participants in the structural abnormality group had significantly higher scores in pain and dysfunction. A significant relationship between COL11A1 rs3753841 genotype and elbow tendon pathology was found (p = 0.024), with the CT variant associated with increased risk of pathology.
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15
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Zanella M, Vitriolo A, Andirko A, Martins PT, Sturm S, O’Rourke T, Laugsch M, Malerba N, Skaros A, Trattaro S, Germain PL, Mihailovic M, Merla G, Rada-Iglesias A, Boeckx C, Testa G. Dosage analysis of the 7q11.23 Williams region identifies BAZ1B as a major human gene patterning the modern human face and underlying self-domestication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw7908. [PMID: 31840056 PMCID: PMC6892627 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a functional dissection of chromatin remodeler BAZ1B in neural crest (NC) stem cells (NCSCs) from a uniquely informative cohort of typical and atypical patients harboring 7q11.23 copy number variants. Our results reveal a key contribution of BAZ1B to NCSC in vitro induction and migration, coupled with a crucial involvement in NC-specific transcriptional circuits and distal regulation. By intersecting our experimental data with new paleogenetic analyses comparing modern and archaic humans, we found a modern-specific enrichment for regulatory changes both in BAZ1B and its experimentally defined downstream targets, thereby providing the first empirical validation of the human self-domestication hypothesis and positioning BAZ1B as a master regulator of the modern human face. In so doing, we provide experimental evidence that the craniofacial and cognitive/behavioral phenotypes caused by alterations of the Williams-Beuren syndrome critical region can serve as a powerful entry point into the evolution of the modern human face and prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanella
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitriolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Andirko
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Tiago Martins
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefanie Sturm
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas O’Rourke
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Laugsch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natascia Malerba
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adrianos Skaros
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- D-HEST Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marija Mihailovic
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Center for Neurogenomics, Via Cristina Belgioioso 171, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author. , ,
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marshall syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the COL11A1 gene. This syndrome is characterized by skeletal, ophthalmologic, craniofacial, and auditory abnormalities. Hearing loss is among the main manifestations reported in this disorder being observed in approximately 80% of affected individuals.The present study aims to describe the audiologic characteristics of three members of a family with Marshall syndrome and also serves as a review of the literature. STUDY DESIGN Family study. SETTING Tertiary care otology and skull base center. PATIENTS We report the audiologic findings in a family with Marshall syndrome consisting of a mother and her son and daughter. INTERVENTION(S) The audiologic evaluation included tympanometry, acoustic reflexes testing, auditory brainstem response, transient otoacoustic emissions, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet, and conditioned play audiometry. These methods were applied according to the age of the patients. In addition, we provide a review of the English-language literature in an attempt to clarify the auditory phenotype of this syndrome. RESULTS All 3 affected individuals had heterozygous c.3816+1G>A mutation in the splicing donor site of intron 50 of the COL11A1 gene. All three patients in our study had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing impairment ranged from mild to moderate in the daughter, moderate in the son, and from mild to moderate in their mother. CONCLUSION The majority of individuals with Marshall syndrome present early-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing impairment is usually detected in early childhood, progresses gradually, and becomes stable in late adulthood, with a severity ranging from mild to severe.
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17
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Stavinohova R, Hartley C, Burmeister LM, Ricketts SL, Pettitt L, Tetas Pont R, Hitti RJ, Schofield E, Oliver JAC, Mellersh CS. Clinical, histopathological and genetic characterisation of oculoskeletal dysplasia in the Northern Inuit Dog. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220761. [PMID: 31415586 PMCID: PMC6695176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven Northern Inuit Dogs (NID) were diagnosed by pedigree analysis with an autosomal recessive inherited oculoskeletal dysplasia (OSD). Short-limbed dwarfism, angular limb deformities and a variable combination of macroglobus, cataracts, lens coloboma, microphakia and vitreopathy were present in all seven dogs, while retinal detachment was diagnosed in five dogs. Autosomal recessive OSD caused by COL9A3 and COL9A2 mutations have previously been identified in the Labrador Retriever (dwarfism with retinal dysplasia 1-drd1) and Samoyed dog (dwarfism with retinal dysplasia 2-drd2) respectively; both of those mutations were excluded in all affected NID. Nine candidate genes were screened in whole genome sequence data; only one variant was identified that was homozygous in two affected NID but absent in controls. This variant was a nonsense single nucleotide polymorphism in COL9A3 predicted to result in a premature termination codon and a truncated protein product. This variant was genotyped in a total of 1,232 dogs. All seven affected NID were homozygous for the variant allele (T/T), while 31/116 OSD-unaffected NID were heterozygous for the variant (C/T) and 85/116 were homozygous for the wildtype allele (C/C); indicating a significant association with OSD (p = 1.41x10-11). A subset of 56 NID unrelated at the parent level were analysed to determine an allele frequency of 0.08, estimating carrier and affected rates to be 15% and 0.6% respectively in NID. All 1,109 non-NID were C/C, suggesting the variant is rare or absent in other breeds. Expression of retinal mRNA was similar between an OSD-affected NID and OSD-unaffected non-NID. In conclusion, a nonsense variant in COL9A3 is strongly associated with OSD in NID, and appears to be widespread in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavinohova
- Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Hartley
- Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M. Burmeister
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L. Ricketts
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Pettitt
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Roser Tetas Pont
- Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekkah J. Hitti
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Schofield
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - James A. C. Oliver
- Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn S. Mellersh
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
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18
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Yue S, Whalen P, Jee YH. Genetic regulation of linear growth. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:2-14. [PMID: 30943674 PMCID: PMC6449614 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear growth occurs at the growth plate. Therefore, genetic defects that interfere with the normal function of the growth plate can cause linear growth disorders. Many genetic causes of growth disorders have already been identified in humans. However, recent genome-wide approaches have broadened our knowledge of the mechanisms of linear growth, not only providing novel monogenic causes of growth disorders but also revealing single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that affect height in the general population. The genes identified as causative of linear growth disorders are heterogeneous, playing a role in various growth-regulating mechanisms including those involving the extracellular matrix, intracellular signaling, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and epigenetic regulation. Understanding the underlying genetic defects in linear growth is important for clinicians and researchers in order to provide proper diagnoses, management, and genetic counseling, as well as to develop better treatment approaches for children with growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Yue
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Whalen
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Address for correspondence: Youn Hee Jee, MD Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA Tel: +1-301-435-5834 Fax: +1-301-402-0574 E-mail:
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19
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Seegmiller RE, Foster C, Burnham JL. Understanding chondrodysplasia (cho): A comprehensive review of cho as an animal model of birth defects, disorders, and molecular mechanisms. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:237-247. [PMID: 30719872 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutant chondrodysplasia (cho) is a cartilage-targeting disorder in C57BL mice that results in dwarfing and other malformations stemming from this collagenopathy. Clarke Fraser made the discovery of the mutation accidentally in the early 1960s during the thalidomide tragedy. METHODS For this review we identified key research on cho as since its discovery. Relevant data were compiled to make a comprehensive review that details discoveries associated with the cho mutation, that describes the associated phenotypes and molecular mechanisms, and that provides a discussion surrounding its current clinical relevance. RESULTS Mechanistically, cho acts by hindering chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation. The phenotype results from a 1-nt deletion in the gene encoding the alpha 1 chain of type XI collagen. For more than half a century, researchers have studied the pathogenesis of the cho mutation in relation to a variety of mouse models of human birth defects and disease. These studies have resulted in several discoveries linking cho with such human disorders as dwarfism, tracheal stenosis, cleft palate, pulmonary hypoplasia, and osteoarthritis (OA). CONCLUSION The study of cho has led to numerous advances in understanding human birth defects, congenital disorders, and adult human disease. The most recent studies have suggested a role for the TGF-Beta, HtrA1, Ddr2, and Mmp-13 pathway in the degradation of articular cartilage and the development of OA in cho/+ mice. We have shown that the anti-hypertension drug Losartan is a TGF-Beta blocker that could be used to treat OA in Stickler syndrome, and thereby rescue the WT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Seegmiller
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Cameron Foster
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jared L Burnham
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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20
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Lessons learned from the DFNA37 gene discovery odyssey. Genet Med 2018; 21:1481-1482. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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21
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Kurosaka H. Choanal atresia and stenosis: Development and diseases of the nasal cavity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 8:e336. [PMID: 30320458 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proper craniofacial development in vertebrates depends on growth and fusion of the facial processes during embryogenesis. Failure of any step in this process could lead to craniofacial anomalies such as facial clefting, which has been well studied with regard to its molecular etiology and cellular pathogenesis. Nasal cavity invagination is also a critical event in proper craniofacial development, and is required for the formation of a functional nasal cavity and airway. The nasal cavity must connect the nasopharynx with the primitive choanae to complete an airway from the nostril to the nasopharynx. In contrast to orofacial clefts, defects in nasal cavity and airway formation, such as choanal atresia (CA), in which the connection between the nasal airway and nasopharynx is physically blocked, have largely been understudied. This is also true for a narrowed connection between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, which is known as choanal stenosis (CS). CA occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 live births, and can present in isolation but typically arises as part of a syndrome. Despite the fact that CA and CS usually require immediate intervention, and substantially affect the quality of life of affected individuals, the etiology and pathogenesis of CA and CS have remained elusive. In this review I focus on the process of nasal cavity development with respect to forming a functional airway and discuss the cellular behavior and molecular networks governing this process. Additionally, the etiology of human CA is discussed using examples of disorders which involve CA or CS. This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Ravinet M, Elgvin TO, Trier C, Aliabadian M, Gavrilov A, Sætre GP. Signatures of human-commensalism in the house sparrow genome. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1246. [PMID: 30089626 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
House sparrows (Passer domesticus) are a hugely successful anthrodependent species; occurring on nearly every continent. Yet, despite their ubiquity and familiarity to humans, surprisingly little is known about their origins. We sought to investigate the evolutionary history of the house sparrow and identify the processes involved in its transition to a human-commensal niche. We used a whole genome resequencing dataset of 120 individuals from three Eurasian species, including three populations of Bactrianus sparrows, a non-commensal, divergent house sparrow lineage occurring in the Near East. Coalescent modelling supports a split between house and Bactrianus sparrow 11 Kya and an expansion in the house sparrow at 6 Kya, consistent with the spread of agriculture following the Neolithic revolution. Commensal house sparrows therefore likely moved into Europe with the spread of agriculture following this period. Using the Bactrianus sparrow as a proxy for a pre-commensal, ancestral house population, we performed a comparative genome scan to identify genes potentially involved with adaptation to an anthropogenic niche. We identified potential signatures of recent, positive selection in the genome of the commensal house sparrow that are absent in Bactrianus populations. The strongest selected region encompasses two major candidate genes; COL11A-which regulates craniofacial and skull development and AMY2A, part of the amylase gene family which has previously been linked to adaptation to high-starch diets in humans and dogs. Our work examines human-commensalism in an evolutionary framework, identifies genomic regions likely involved in rapid adaptation to this new niche and ties the evolution of this species to the development of modern human civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ravinet
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Oldeide Elgvin
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cassandra Trier
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andrey Gavrilov
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Glenn-Peter Sætre
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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McArthur N, Rehm A, Shenker N, Richards AJ, McNinch AM, Poulson AV, Tanner J, Snead MP, Bearcroft PWP. Stickler syndrome in children: a radiological review. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:678.e13-678.e18. [PMID: 29661559 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review the radiological findings of the largest cohort to date of paediatric patients with Stickler syndrome, all with confirmed molecular genetic analysis and sub-typing. PATIENTS AND METHODS It is understood that the National Health Service (NHS) commissioned service at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK has the largest cohort of Stickler syndrome patients in the paediatric age group worldwide with 240 registered children. Fifty-nine were assessed radiologically and for their genotypes. These radiographs were reviewed and 74 knee, 45 pelvic, and 47 spinal examinations were evaluated. RESULTS Radiological features were noted in 45.9% of knee radiographs, 11.1% of pelvic radiographs, and 42.6% of spinal radiographs. The findings were reviewed in the light of each patient's specific genetic Stickler syndrome subtype. CONCLUSION The prevalence of orthopaedic abnormalities overall in the present series is substantially below those published in previous smaller case series. This would support the more recent findings of an array of ocular only phenotypes of Stickler syndrome described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N McArthur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - A Rehm
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - N Shenker
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A J Richards
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, BOX 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A M McNinch
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, BOX 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A V Poulson
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, BOX 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - J Tanner
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M P Snead
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, BOX 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - P W P Bearcroft
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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24
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Wu Q. Cytoplasmic collagen XIαI as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:364-372. [PMID: 29333916 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1423915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal/cytoplasmic collagen XIαI (COL11A1) has been highlighted in the process of neoplastic transformation, including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and invasiveness. In this study, we aim to illuminate the clinical significance and biological role of COL11A1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Herein, we investigated COL11A1 expression in 16 pairs of ESCC and adjacent normal tissues by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Correlations of COL11A1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and survival status were then determined by immunohistochemistry in 116 ESCC and 50 normal specimens. Furthermore, bioinformatics was used for mechanisms exploration. And in vitro knockdown experiments were also performed. We found that COL11A1 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in paired normal tissues at both mRNA and protein level. Immunohistochemistry showed that COL11A1 was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm rather than tumor stroma, patients with high COL11A1 expression had a poorer overall survival (OS) rate than those with low COL11A1 expression. Besides, increased COL11A1 expression was dramatically correlated with advanced clinical stage, invasion depth and lymph node metastases and served as an independent prognostic marker for ESCC. Likewise, COL11A1 dependent nomogram predicted a more precise survival outcome than traditional staging system. Moreover, COL11A1 silencing resulted in impaired cell proliferation and EMT, and subdued EMT inhibited cells aggressiveness. These biological processes (BPs) might be modulated by COL11A1 via the intracellular AKT/ERK/c-Myc cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
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25
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Li J, Zhang Q. Insight into the molecular genetics of myopia. Mol Vis 2017; 23:1048-1080. [PMID: 29386878 PMCID: PMC5757860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Studies on the molecular genetics of myopia are well established and have implicated the important role of genetic factors. With linkage analysis, association studies, sequencing analysis, and experimental myopia studies, many of the loci and genes associated with myopia have been identified. Thus far, there has been no systemic review of the loci and genes related to non-syndromic and syndromic myopia based on the different approaches. Such a systemic review of the molecular genetics of myopia will provide clues to identify additional plausible genes for myopia and help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying myopia. This paper reviews recent genetic studies on myopia, summarizes all possible reported genes and loci related to myopia, and suggests implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo L, Elcioglu NH, Wang Z, Demirkol YK, Isguven P, Matsumoto N, Nishimura G, Miyake N, Ikegawa S. Novel and recurrent COL11A1 and COL2A1 mutations in the Marshall-Stickler syndrome spectrum. Hum Genome Var 2017; 4:17040. [PMID: 28983407 PMCID: PMC5628180 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marshall–Stickler syndrome represents a spectrum of inherited connective tissue disorders affecting the ocular, auditory, and skeletal systems. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL9A1, and COL9A2 genes. In this study, we examined four Turkish families with Marshall–Stickler syndrome using whole-exome sequencing and identified one COL2A1 mutation and three COL11A1 mutations. Two of the COL11A1 mutations were novel. Our findings expand our knowledge of the COL11A1 mutational spectrum that causes Marshall–Stickler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nursel H Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Eastern Mediterranean University Medical School, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yasemin K Demirkol
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Isguven
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sakarya University Medical School, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Li A, Li J, Lin J, Zhuo W, Si J. COL11A1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:333-340. [PMID: 28004111 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of COL11A1 in carcinogenesis is increasingly recognized. However, the biological role and potential mechanisms of COL11A1 in gastric cancer have not been elucidated. In the present study, the COL11A1 mRNA expression in 57 patients with gastric cancer was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the biological effects of COL11A1 suppression were determined using MTS, monolayer colony formation, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. In addition, the potential molecular mechanisms of COL11A1 in gastric cancer were analyzed by western blotting and cDNA microarray analysis. Compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissue, COL11A1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissue and was positively related to age, tumor invasion depth, tumor size and lymph node positivity. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that COL11A1 suppression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HGC-27 cells and that COL11A1 suppression promoted cell apoptosis, induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and led to a significant downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21 and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, the cDNA microarray analysis of HGC-27 cells with and without COL11A1 suppression indicated that COL11A1 may regulate multiple genes responsible for cell growth and/or invasion, including downregulation of CDK6, TIAM1, ITGB8 and WNT5A and upregulation of RGS2 and NEFL following suppression of COL11A1 expression in HGC-27 cells, validated with RT-qPCR assays. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that COL11A1 might be an oncogene in GC and is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Lin
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Johnsson M, Jonsson KB, Andersson L, Jensen P, Wright D. Genetic regulation of bone metabolism in the chicken: similarities and differences to Mammalian systems. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005250. [PMID: 26023928 PMCID: PMC4449198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds have a unique bone physiology, due to the demands placed on them through egg production. In particular their medullary bone serves as a source of calcium for eggshell production during lay and undergoes continuous and rapid remodelling. We take advantage of the fact that bone traits have diverged massively during chicken domestication to map the genetic basis of bone metabolism in the chicken. We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) mapping study in an advanced intercross based on Red Junglefowl (the wild progenitor of the modern domestic chicken) and White Leghorn chickens. We measured femoral bone traits in 456 chickens by peripheral computerised tomography and femoral gene expression in a subset of 125 females from the cross with microarrays. This resulted in 25 loci for female bone traits, 26 loci for male bone traits and 6318 local eQTL loci. We then overlapped bone and gene expression loci, before checking for an association between gene expression and trait values to identify candidate quantitative trait genes for bone traits. A handful of our candidates have been previously associated with bone traits in mice, but our results also implicate unexpected and largely unknown genes in bone metabolism. In summary, by utilising the unique bone metabolism of an avian species, we have identified a number of candidate genes affecting bone allocation and metabolism. These findings can have ramifications not only for the understanding of bone metabolism genetics in general, but could also be used as a potential model for osteoporosis as well as revealing new aspects of vertebrate bone regulation or features that distinguish avian and mammalian bone. In this work we seek to further the understanding of bone genetics by mapping bone traits and gene expression in the chicken. Bone in female birds is special due to egg production. In this study, we combine the genetic mapping of bone traits with bone gene expression to find candidate quantitative trait genes that explain the differences between wild and domestic chickens in terms of bone production. The concept of combining genetic mapping and gene expression mapping is not new, and has already been successful in isolating bone-related genes in mammals, however this is the first time it has been applied to an avian system with such unique bone modelling processes. We aim to reveal new molecular mechanisms of bone regulation, and many of the candidates we find are new, highlighting the potential this technique has to identify the potential differences between avian and mammalian bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Johnsson
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kenneth B. Jonsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, IFM Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wong K, Sun F, Trudel G, Sebastiani P, Laneuville O. Temporal gene expression profiling of the rat knee joint capsule during immobilization-induced joint contractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:125. [PMID: 26006773 PMCID: PMC4443538 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contractures of the knee joint cause disability and handicap. Recovering range of motion is recognized by arthritic patients as their preference for improved health outcome secondary only to pain management. Clinical and experimental studies provide evidence that the posterior knee capsule prevents the knee from achieving full extension. This study was undertaken to investigate the dynamic changes of the joint capsule transcriptome during the progression of knee joint contractures induced by immobilization. We performed a microarray analysis of genes expressed in the posterior knee joint capsule following induction of a flexion contracture by rigidly immobilizing the rat knee joint over a time-course of 16 weeks. Fold changes of expression values were measured and co-expressed genes were identified by clustering based on time-series analysis. Genes associated with immobilization were further analyzed to reveal pathways and biological significance and validated by immunohistochemistry on sagittal sections of knee joints. Results Changes in expression with a minimum of 1.5 fold changes were dominated by a decrease in expression for 7732 probe sets occurring at week 8 while the expression of 2251 probe sets increased. Clusters of genes with similar profiles of expression included a total of 162 genes displaying at least a 2 fold change compared to week 1. Functional analysis revealed ontology categories corresponding to triglyceride metabolism, extracellular matrix and muscle contraction. The altered expression of selected genes involved in the triglyceride biosynthesis pathway; AGPAT-9, and of the genes P4HB and HSP47, both involved in collagen synthesis, was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Gene expression in the knee joint capsule was sensitive to joint immobility and provided insights into molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathophysiology of knee flexion contractures. Capsule responses to immobilization was dynamic and characterized by modulation of at least three reaction pathways; down regulation of triglyceride biosynthesis, alteration of extracellular matrix degradation and muscle contraction gene expression. The posterior knee capsule may deploy tissue-specific patterns of mRNA regulatory responses to immobilization. The identification of altered expression of genes and biochemical pathways in the joint capsule provides potential targets for the therapy of knee flexion contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Fangui Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Crosstown 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Guy Trudel
- The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, 505 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M2, Canada. .,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Medical Campus, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Crosstown 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Odette Laneuville
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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30
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Mathijssen IM, Versnel SL. Craniofacial clefts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Acke FR, Malfait F, Vanakker OM, Steyaert W, De Leeneer K, Mortier G, Dhooge I, De Paepe A, De Leenheer EMR, Coucke PJ. Novel pathogenic COL11A1/COL11A2 variants in Stickler syndrome detected by targeted NGS and exome sequencing. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:230-5. [PMID: 25240749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stickler syndrome is caused by mutations in genes encoding type II and type XI collagens. About 85% of the pathogenic variants is found in COL2A1 (Stickler type 1), whereas a minority of mutations has been reported in COL11A1 (Stickler type 2) and COL11A2 (Stickler type 3). Beside the typical skeletal and orofacial manifestations, ocular anomalies are predominantly present in type 1 and type 2, while hearing loss is more pronounced in type 2 and type 3. METHODS We performed COL11A1 mutation analysis for 40 type 2 Stickler patients and COL11A2 mutation analysis for five type 3 Stickler patients, previously all COL2A1 mutation-negative, using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) whereas whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in parallel for two patients. Three patients were analyzed for both genes due to unclear ocular findings. RESULTS In total 14 COL11A1 and two COL11A2 mutations could be identified, seven of which are novel. Splice site alterations are the most frequent mutation type, followed by glycine substitutions. In addition, six variants of unknown significance (VUS) have been found. Identical mutations and variants were identified with both NGS techniques. CONCLUSION We expand the mutation spectrum of COL11A1 and COL11A2 in Stickler syndrome patients and show that targeted NGS is an efficient and cost-effective molecular tool in the genetic diagnosis of Stickler syndrome, whereas the more standardized WES might be an alternative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic R Acke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Steyaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Dhooge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els M R De Leenheer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Hufnagel SB, Weaver KN, Hufnagel RB, Bader PI, Schorry EK, Hopkin RJ. A novel dominant COL11A1 mutation resulting in a severe skeletal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2607-12. [PMID: 25091507 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the type XI collagen alpha-1 chain gene (COL11A1) cause a change in protein structure that alters its interactions with collagens II and V, resulting in abnormalities in cartilage and ocular vitreous. The most common type XI collagenopathies are dominantly inherited Stickler or Marshall syndromes, while severe recessive skeletal dysplasias, such as fibrochondrogenesis, occur less frequently. We describe a family with a severe skeletal dysplasia caused by a novel dominantly inherited COL11A1 mutation. The siblings each presented with severe myopia, hearing loss, micromelia, metaphyseal widening of the long bones, micrognathia, and airway compromise requiring tracheostomy. The first child lived for over 2 years, while the second succumbed at 5 months of age. Their mother has mild rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, brachydactyly, and severe myopia. Sequencing of COL11A1 revealed a novel deleterious heterozygous mutation in COL11A1 involving the triple helical domain in both siblings, and a mosaic mutation in their mother, indicating germline mosaicism with subsequent dominant inheritance. These are the first reported individuals with a dominantly inherited mutation in COL11A1 associated with a severe skeletal dysplasia. The skeletal involvement is similar to, yet milder than fibrochondrogenesis and allowed for survival beyond the perinatal period. These cases highlight both a novel dominant COL11A1 mutation causing a significant skeletal dysplasia and the phenotypic heterogeneity of collagenopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia B Hufnagel
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Khalifa O, Imtiaz F, Ramzan K, Allam R, Hemidan AA, Faqeih E, Abuharb G, Balobaid A, Sakati N, Owain MA. Marshall syndrome: further evidence of a distinct phenotypic entity and report of new findings. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2601-6. [PMID: 25073711 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marshall syndrome and type II Stickler syndrome are caused by mutations in COL11A1, which codes for the proα1chain of collagen XI. Collagen XI is a minor fibrillar collagen co-expressed with collagen II in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye. Characteristic features of Marshall syndrome include midfacial hypoplasia, high myopia, and sensorineural-hearing deficit. Deletions, insertions, splice site, and missense mutations in COL11A1 have been identified in Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome patients. In this study, we describe the clinical presentations of seven patients with Marshall syndrome from three unrelated Saudi families, inherited as autosomal dominant (two families) and autosomal recessive (one family). Cardinal clinical features of Marshall syndrome are manifested in all patients. One patient had ectodermal abnormalities. Mutations (c.2702G > A in exon 34,IVS50 + 1G > A, and IVS50 + lG > C) were identified in COL11A1 in affected members. Interestingly, the first report of autosomal recessive Marshall syndrome was from Saudi Arabia caused by the same mutation (c.2702G > A, p.Gly901Glu) as in one of our families. This study depicts detailed phenotypic and genetic description of dominant and recessive forms of Marshall syndrome due to COL11A1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Khalifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nita M, Michalska-Małecka K, Mazurek U, Kimsa M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Grzybowski A, Romaniuk D. Influence of ranibizumab treatment on the extracellular matrix in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:875-83. [PMID: 24866589 PMCID: PMC4049949 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We know the influence of the intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the choroidal neovascularization in the course of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the influence of the ranibizumab therapy in question on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remains unknown. We aimed to estimate the influence of Lucentis intravitreal injections on the gene expression of structural components of the extracellular matrix in patients with neovascular AMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with subfoveal localization of neovascularization in AMD, which was clinically active and observed using optical coherence tomography, were treated with ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) in accordance with the PrONTO scheme. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and an oligonucleotide microarray technique enabled comparison of the expression level of genes encoding collagens, elastin, and laminins in AMD patients compared to control subjects. RESULTS After 3 intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis), COL1A1 and COL6A1 genes showed increased expression, whereas decreased expression mainly occurred for the following genes: COL4A5, COL11A1, OL4A6C, LAMB4, and LAMC2. CONCLUSIONS Anti-VEGF local therapy influences the gene expression of structural components of the ECM as measured from blood samples. The loading dose of ranibizumab for the retina changes the expression of collagen and laminin genes, but does not influence the expression of the elastin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre “Dilmed”, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kimsa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań City Hospital, Poznań, Poland
- Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
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van den Berg I, Fritz S, Rodriguez S, Rocha D, Boussaha M, Lund MS, Boichard D. Concordance analysis for QTL detection in dairy cattle: a case study of leg morphology. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:31. [PMID: 24884971 PMCID: PMC4046048 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present availability of sequence data gives new opportunities to narrow down from QTL (quantitative trait locus) regions to causative mutations. Our objective was to decrease the number of candidate causative mutations in a QTL region. For this, a concordance analysis was applied for a leg conformation trait in dairy cattle. Several QTL were detected for which the QTL status (homozygous or heterozygous for the QTL) was inferred for each individual. Subsequently, the inferred QTL status was used in a concordance analysis to reduce the number of candidate mutations. METHODS Twenty QTL for rear leg set side view were mapped using Bayes C. Marker effects estimated during QTL mapping were used to infer the QTL status for each individual. Subsequently, polymorphisms present in the QTL regions were extracted from the whole-genome sequences of 71 Holstein bulls. Only polymorphisms for which the status was concordant with the QTL status were kept as candidate causative mutations. RESULTS QTL status could be inferred for 15 of the 20 QTL. The number of concordant polymorphisms differed between QTL and depended on the number of QTL statuses that could be inferred and the linkage disequilibrium in the QTL region. For some QTL, the concordance analysis was efficient and narrowed down to a limited number of candidate mutations located in one or two genes, while for other QTL a large number of genes contained concordant polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS For regions for which the concordance analysis could be performed, we were able to reduce the number of candidate mutations. For part of the QTL, the concordant analyses narrowed QTL regions down to a limited number of genes, of which some are known for their role in limb or skeletal development in humans and mice. Mutations in these genes are good candidates for QTN (quantitative trait nucleotides) influencing rear leg set side view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van den Berg
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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36
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Guo H, Wang RH, Bai Y, Yang DY. Absence of nasal bone and brachydactyly: a probable new familial syndrome. Gene 2013; 527:430-3. [PMID: 23810940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Brachydactyly is a relatively common congenital abnormality and can be associated with many other malformations. However, brachydactyly in association with absence of nasal bone is rare. Two Chinese siblings with a combination of nasal bone absence and brachydactyly are presented, apparently without other abnormalities. This combination of features do not fit into any previously described syndrome and we suggest that this case represents a new familial syndrome. Molecular genetics screening didn't revealed any specific pathogenic variants in the two siblings.
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Genomic patterns of homozygosity in worldwide human populations. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:275-92. [PMID: 22883143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide patterns of homozygosity runs and their variation across individuals provide a valuable and often untapped resource for studying human genetic diversity and evolutionary history. Using genotype data at 577,489 autosomal SNPs, we employed a likelihood-based approach to identify runs of homozygosity (ROH) in 1,839 individuals representing 64 worldwide populations, classifying them by length into three classes-short, intermediate, and long-with a model-based clustering algorithm. For each class, the number and total length of ROH per individual show considerable variation across individuals and populations. The total lengths of short and intermediate ROH per individual increase with the distance of a population from East Africa, in agreement with similar patterns previously observed for locus-wise homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium. By contrast, total lengths of long ROH show large interindividual variations that probably reflect recent inbreeding patterns, with higher values occurring more often in populations with known high frequencies of consanguineous unions. Across the genome, distributions of ROH are not uniform, and they have distinctive continental patterns. ROH frequencies across the genome are correlated with local genomic variables such as recombination rate, as well as with signals of recent positive selection. In addition, long ROH are more frequent in genomic regions harboring genes associated with autosomal-dominant diseases than in regions not implicated in Mendelian diseases. These results provide insight into the way in which homozygosity patterns are produced, and they generate baseline homozygosity patterns that can be used to aid homozygosity mapping of genes associated with recessive diseases.
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Brown RJ, Mallory C, McDougal OM, Oxford JT. Proteomic analysis of Col11a1-associated protein complexes. Proteomics 2011; 11:4660-76. [PMID: 22038862 PMCID: PMC3463621 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage plays an essential role during skeletal development within the growth plate and in articular joint function. Interactions between the collagen fibrils and other extracellular matrix molecules maintain structural integrity of cartilage, orchestrate complex dynamic events during embryonic development, and help to regulate fibrillogenesis. To increase our understanding of these events, affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that interact with the collagen fibril surface via the amino terminal domain of collagen α1(XI) a protein domain that is displayed at the surface of heterotypic collagen fibrils of cartilage. Proteins extracted from fetal bovine cartilage using homogenization in high ionic strength buffer were selected based on affinity for the amino terminal noncollagenous domain of collagen α1(XI). MS was used to determine the amino acid sequence of tryptic fragments for protein identification. Extracellular matrix molecules and cellular proteins that were identified as interacting with the amino terminal domain of collagen α1(XI) directly or indirectly, included proteoglycans, collagens, and matricellular molecules, some of which also play a role in fibrillogenesis, while others are known to function in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Characterization of these molecular interactions will provide a more thorough understanding of how the extracellular matrix molecules of cartilage interact and what role collagen XI plays in the process of fibrillogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. Such information will aid tissue engineering and cartilage regeneration efforts to treat cartilage tissue damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel J. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center and Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
| | - Christopher Mallory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Research Center and Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
| | - Owen M. McDougal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Research Center and Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center and Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA
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Akawi NA, Al-Gazali L, Ali BR. Clinical and molecular analysis of UAE fibrochondrogenesis patients expands the phenotype and reveals two COL11A1 homozygous null mutations. Clin Genet 2011; 82:147-56. [PMID: 21668896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrochondrogenesis is documented to be a neonatally lethal rare recessively inherited disorder characterized by short-limbed skeletal dysplasia. Here we report two patients from two unrelated consanguineous Emirati families who have unexpectedly survived till the ages of 3 and 6 years. These patients show additional symptoms which include developmental delay, profound sensory-neural deafness, severe myopia and progressive severe skeletal abnormalities. Linkage of fibrochondrogenesis in the Emirati families to chromosome 1 has been established using homozygosity mapping confirming recent findings by Tompson et al. in 2010. Screening of the COL11A1 gene revealed two null homozygous mutations [c.4084C>T (p.R1362X) and c.3708+437T>G] in the aforementioned two families. The c.4084C>T mutation is predicted to introduce a stop codon at position Arg1362, whereas the c.3708+437T>G mutation causes the activation of an intronic pseudoexon between exons 48 and 49. This resulted in the insertion of 50 nucleotides into the mRNA. The carriers of these mutations display ocular defects with normal hearing. In conclusion, our data shall improve the overall understanding of fibrochondrogenesis especially in surviving homozygous patients and, at least partly, explain the phenotypic variability associated with COL11A1 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Akawi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Baker S, Booth C, Fillman C, Shapiro M, Blair MP, Hyland JC, Ala-Kokko L. A loss of function mutation in the COL9A2 gene causes autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1668-72. [PMID: 21671392 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is characterized by ocular, auditory, skeletal, and orofacial abnormalities. We describe a family with autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome. The main clinical findings consisted of high myopia, vitreoretinal degeneration, retinal detachment, hearing loss, and short stature. Affected family members were found to have a homozygous loss-of-function mutation in COL9A2, c.843_c.846 + 4del8. A family with autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome was previously described and found to have a homozygous loss-of-function mutation in COL9A1. COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 code for collagen IX. All three collagen IX α chains, α1, α2, and α3, are needed for formation of functional collagen IX molecule. In dogs, two causative loci have been identified in autosomal recessive oculoskeletal dysplasia. This dysplasia resembles Stickler syndrome. Recently, homozygous loss-of-function mutations in COL9A2 and COL9A3 were found to co-segregate with the loci. Together the data from the present study and the previous studies suggest that loss-of-function mutations in any of the collagen IX genes can cause autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Baker
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18106, USA
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Lincoln J, Yutzey KE. Molecular and developmental mechanisms of congenital heart valve disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:526-34. [PMID: 21538813 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 1% of all live births and includes structural abnormalities of the heart valves. However, this statistic underestimates congenital valve lesions, such as bicuspic aortic valve (BAV) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP), that typically become apparent later in life as progressive valve dysfunction and disease. At present, the standard treatment for valve disease is replacement, and approximately 95,000 surgical procedures are performed each year in the United States. The most common forms of congenital valve disease include abnormal valve cusp morphogenesis, as in the case of BAV, or defects in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and homeostasis, as occurs in MVP. The etiology of these common valve diseases is largely unknown. However, the study of murine and avian model systems, along with human genetic linkage studies, have led to the identification of genes and regulatory processes that contribute to valve structural malformations and disease. This review focuses on the current understanding and therapeutic implications of molecular regulatory pathways that control valve development and contribute to valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Lincoln
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1400 Northwest 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
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Erkan M, Weis N, Pan Z, Schwager C, Samkharadze T, Jiang X, Wirkner U, Giese NA, Ansorge W, Debus J, Huber PE, Friess H, Abdollahi A, Kleeff J. Organ-, inflammation- and cancer specific transcriptional fingerprints of pancreatic and hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:88. [PMID: 20416094 PMCID: PMC2876060 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue fibrosis is an integral component of chronic inflammatory (liver and pancreas) diseases and pancreatic cancer. Activated pancreatic- (PSC) and hepatic- (HSC) stellate cells play a key role in fibrogenesis. To identify organ- and disease-specific stellate cell transcriptional fingerprints, we employed genome-wide transcriptional analysis of primary human PSC and HSC isolated from patients with chronic inflammation or cancer. Methods Stellate cells were isolated from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 5), chronic pancreatitis (n = 6), liver cirrhosis (n = 5) and liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 6). Genome-wide transcriptional profiles of stellate cells were generated using our 51K human cDNA microarray platform. The identified organ- and disease specific genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results Expression profiling identified 160 organ- and 89 disease- specific stellate cell transcripts. Collagen type 11a1 (COL11A1) was discovered as a novel PSC specific marker with up to 65-fold higher expression levels in PSC compared to HSC (p < 0.0001). Likewise, the expression of the cytokine CCL2 and the cell adhesion molecule VCAM1 were confined to HSC. PBX1 expression levels tend to be increased in inflammatory- vs. tumor- stellate cells. Intriguingly, tyrosine kinase JAK2 and a member of cell contact-mediated communication CELSR3 were found to be selectively up-regulated in tumor stellate cells. Conclusions We identified and validated HSC and PSC specific markers. Moreover, novel target genes of tumor- and inflammation associated stellate cells were discovered. Our data may be instrumental in developing new tailored organ- or disease-specific targeted therapies and stellate cell biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Erkan
- Department of General Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Baas D, Malbouyres M, Haftek-Terreau Z, Le Guellec D, Ruggiero F. Craniofacial cartilage morphogenesis requires zebrafish col11a1 activity. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:490-502. [PMID: 19638309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish ortholog of the human COL11A1 gene encoding the cartilage collagen XI proalpha1 chain was characterized to explore its function in developing zebrafish using the morpholino-based knockdown strategy. We showed that its expression in zebrafish is developmentally regulated. A low expression level was detected by real-time PCR during the early stages of development. At 24 hpf, a sharp peak of expression was observed. At that stage, in situ hybridization indicated that col11a1 transcripts are restricted to notochord. At 48 hpf, they were exclusively detected in the craniofacial skeleton, endoskeleton of pectoral fins and in otic vesicles. Collagen XI alpha1-deficient zebrafish embryos developed defects in craniofacial cartilage formation and in notochord morphology. Neural crest specification and mesenchymal condensation occurred normally in morpholino-injected embryos. Col11a1 depletion affected the spatial organization of chondrocytes, the shaping of cartilage elements, and the maturation of chondrocytes to hypertrophy. Knockdown of col11a1 in embryos stimulated the expression of the marker of chondrocyte differentiation col2a1, resulting in the deposit of abnormally thick and sparse fibrils in the cartilage extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix organization of the perichordal sheath was also altered and led to notochord distortion. The data underscore the importance of collagen XI in the development of a functional cartilage matrix. Moreover, the defects observed in cartilage formation resemble those observed in human chondrodysplasia such as the Stickler/Marshall syndrome. Zebrafish represent a novel reliable vertebrate model for collagen XI collagenopathies.
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Analysis of severely affected patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency reveals large intragenic rearrangements of DPYD and a de novo interstitial deletion del(1)(p13.3p21.3). Hum Genet 2009; 125:581-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW 'Collagens' are a family of structurally related proteins that play a wide variety of roles in the extracellular matrix. To date, there are at least 29 known types of collagen. Accordingly, abnormality in the various collagens produces a large category of diseases with heterogeneous symptoms. This review presents genetic and orthopedic aspects of type II, IX, and XI collagen disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Although a diverse group of conditions, mutation of collagens affecting the articular cartilage typically produces an epiphyseal skeletal dysplasia phenotype. Often, the ocular or auditory systems or both are also involved. Treatment of these collagenopathies is symptomatic and individualized. Study of tissue from animal models allows examination of mutation effects on the abnormal protein structure and function. SUMMARY The collagen superfamily comprises an important structural protein in mammalian connective tissue. Mutation of collagens produces a wide variety of genetic disorders, and those mutations affecting types II, IX, and XI collagens produce an overlapping spectrum of skeletal dysplasias. Findings range from lethal to mild, depending on the mutation of the collagen gene and its subsequent effect on the structure and/or metabolism of the resultant procollagen and/or collagen protein and its function in the body.
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Brubaker JW, Mohney BG, Pulido JS, Babovic-Vuksanovic D. Vitreous veils and radial lattice in Marshall syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2008; 29:184-5. [PMID: 19005991 DOI: 10.1080/13816810802406339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the findings of membranous vitreous veils and radial lattice in a child with Marshall syndrome. DESIGN Observational case report. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records and fundus photograph of a 6-year-old boy with Marshall syndrome. RESULTS Vitreoretinal findings were significant for bilateral membranous vitreous veils and radial lattice degeneration. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates the occurrence of vitreous veils and radial lattice degeneration in patients with Marshall syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Brubaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Significant ophthalmoarthropathy associated with ectodermal dysplasia in a child with Marshall-Stickler overlap: a case report. CASES JOURNAL 2008; 1:270. [PMID: 18950500 PMCID: PMC2579916 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The Marshall-Stickler phenotype is an autosomal dominant trait comprising ocular abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial anomalies, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Case presentation A 5-year-old boy from non-consanguineous family in Austria was born with features of Pierre-Robin association (cleft palate, micrognathia, and glossoptosis). Radiological examination at birth revealed coronal clefts of the vertebrae, platyspondyly, and flaring of the metaphyses of the long bones (features suggestive of the Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome). Significant features of ectodermal dysplasia such as sparse hair, defective dentition, dysplastic nails, and deficient sweating associated with bouts of unexplained hyperthermia were present. These features not shared by Stickler syndrome, Wagner syndrome, or Weissenbacher – Zweymuller syndrome, all of which are conditions often confused with Marshall syndrome. Conclusion There is continuing debate over the clinical overlap and differential diagnosis of Marshall and Stickler syndromes. We compared similar disorders, such as Weissenbacher-Zweymuller, and Wagner syndromes, and conclude that our present patient manifests Marshall-Stickler overlap. Focussing on subtle facial and ectodermal features may detract from recognising the serious outcome of congenital vitreous/myopia anomaly. Retinal detachment with subsequent blindness is a major risk in our current patient.
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Sodhi A, Leung LS, Do DV, Gower EW, Schein OD, Handa JT. Recent trends in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surv Ophthalmol 2008; 53:50-67. [PMID: 18191657 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been nearly a century since Jules Gonin performed the first intervention for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, trans-scleral cautery, achieving successful outcomes in close to 50% of his cases. With the introduction of alternative surgical approaches in the last half-century, including Charles Schepens' scleral buckle technique and Robert Machemer's pars plana vitrectomy, the surgical success rates have risen to close to 90%. Nonetheless, despite dramatic progress in the success of reattachment surgeries, reasonable disagreement exists as to which approach (or combination of approaches) is the best form of surgical intervention for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of retinal detachment, and examine emerging results from the first large scale, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials addressing the efficacy of these surgical approaches for retinal detachment, with the hope of identifying the most appropriate (evidence-based) therapeutic intervention for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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